St. Anglinus October 28

 St. Anglinus

Feastday: October 28

Death: 768

Benedictine abbot. Anglinus is recorded as the tenth abbot of Stovelot-Malmedy, near Liege, Belgium.

St. Anastasia II October 28

 St. Anastasia II

Feastday: October 28

Death: 257

 

Martyr, whose history is the subject of legends. She is believed to have been a young woman who lived with a group of Christian virgins in Rome. During the persecutions of Emperor Valerian, she was arrested and cruelly tortured by a perfect named Probus. When she asked for some water, a man named Cyril brought her some. For this kindness he shared her fate in beheading.

St. Abraham October 28

 St. Abraham

Feastday: October 28

Death: 6th Century

The archbishop of Ephesus, Greece, and a learned theologian who authored many treatises that influenced his contemporaries. He erected monasteries in Jerusalem and Constantinople. The monastery in Constantinople was involved in a dispute with the Byzantine Emperor, Theophilus. The monks in the abbey were called Abrahamites, after the founding saint, and they refused to accept the heresy of the Iconoclasts of the time.

✠ தீவிரவாதியாய் இருந்த புனிதர் சீமோன் ✠(St. Simon the Zealot)அக்டோபர் 28

† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(அக்டோபர் 28)

✠ தீவிரவாதியாய் இருந்த புனிதர் சீமோன் ✠

(St. Simon the Zealot)

திருத்தூதர், மறைசாட்சி:

(Apostle, Martyr)

பிறப்பு: ----

யூதேயா

(Judea)

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 65 அல்லது 107

ஏற்கும் சபை/ சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைகள்

(Eastern Catholic Churches)

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Eastern Orthodox Churches)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் ஒன்றியம்

(Anglican Union)

லூதரனிய திருச்சபை

(Lutheran Church)

காப்டிக் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Coptic Orthodox Church)

ஓரியண்ட்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Oriental Orthodoxy)

இஸ்லாம்

(Islam)

முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்: 

துலூஸ்; புனித பேதுரு பேராலயம்

நினைவுத் திருவிழா : அக்டோபர் 28

பாதுகாவல்:

மரம் வெட்டுவோர், கரியர்கள்

தீவிரவாதியாய் இருந்த சீமோன் அல்லது புனித சீமோன் என்பவர் இயேசுவின் பன்னிரு திருத்தூதர்களுள் ஒருவர். இவரை தீவிரவாதியாய் இருந்த சீமோன் என்றும் கூறுவர்.

இவரைப் பற்றி விவிலியத்தில் லூக்கா நற்செய்தி 6:15 மற்றும் அப்போஸ்தலர் பணி 1:13 இல் காணக்கிடைக்கின்றது. இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவின் திருத்தூதர்களிலேயே மிகவும் குறைவான செய்தி இருப்பது இவரைப்பற்றிதான். ஒரு சில போலி உரை நூல்களே (Pseudepigraphical writings) அவரைப்பற்றி இணைக்கப்பட்டிருந்தன.

இவரின் பெயரைத் தவிற விவிலியத்தில் இவரைப்பற்றி வேறு எதுவும் இல்லை. இறையியலாளரும், திருச்சபையின் மறைவல்லுனருமான புனிதர் ஜெரோம் கி.பி. 392-393ம் ஆண்டுகளில் எழுதிய புனிதர்களின் வரலாற்று நூலிலும் (De viris illustribus) கூட இவரைப்பற்றி குறிப்பிடவில்லை.

சீமோன் என்னும் பெயர், மத்தேயு, மாற்கு, லூக்கா ஆகிய மூவரும் எழுதிய “ஒத்திவைப்பு நற்செய்திகளிலும்” (Synoptic Gospels), “அப்போஸ்தலர் புத்தகத்திலும்” (Book of Acts) காணப்படுகின்றது.:

14 அவர்கள் யாரெனில்: இராயப்பர் என்று அவர் பெயரிட்ட சீமோன், அவருடைய சகோதரர் பெலவேந்திரர் யாகப்பர், அருளப்பர், பிலிப்பு, பார்த்தொலொமேயு,

15 மத்தேயு, தோமையார், அல்பேயின் மகன் யாகப்பர், 'தீவிரவாதி' எனப்படும் சீமோன்,

16 யாகப்பரின் சகோதரர் யூதா, காட்டிக்கொடுத்தவனான யூதாஸ் இஸ்காரியோத்தும் ஆவர்.

~ லூக்காஸ் 6:14-16

சுமார் கி.பி. 67ம் ஆண்டு, ரோமப் பிரதேசமான “சிரியாவின்” (Syria) “லெபனான்” நாட்டு தலைநகரும், பிரதான துறைமுகமுமான “பெய்ரூட்” (Beirut) நகரில் இவரும், இவரது நண்பரான புனிதர் “யூதா ததேயு’வும்” (St. Jude the Apostle) மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டனர். இவர் இரம்பத்தால் இரண்டாக அறுக்கப்பட்டு மறைசாட்சியாய் மரித்தார் என்பர்.

இவரின் திருப்பண்டங்கள் புனித பேதுரு பேராலயத்தில் இடப்பக்கம் உள்ள புனித யோசேப்பு பீடத்தின் அடியில், புனிதர் யூதா ததேயுவின் கல்லரையோடு அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது.

† Saint of the Day †

(October 28)

✠ St. Simon the Zealot ✠

Apostle, Martyr, Preacher:

Born: ---

Judea

Died: 65 or 107 AD

place of death disputed. Possibly Pella, Armenia; Suanir, Persia; Edessa; Caistor

Venerated in:

Roman Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox Churches

Oriental Orthodoxy

Eastern Catholic Churches

Anglicanism

Lutheran Church

Major shrine:

Relics claimed by many places, including Toulouse; Saint Peter's Basilica

Feast: October 28

Patronage:

Curriers; Sawyers; Tanners

Saint Simon the Zealot or Simon the Canaanite or Simon the Cananaean was one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus. A few pseudepigraphical writings were connected to him, and the theologian and Doctor of the Church, Saint Jerome, does not include him in De viris illustribus written between 392–393 AD.

This apostle, in the catalogue of our Lord’s chosen disciples, is styled “Simon the Canaanite,” whence some are of the opinion that he was born at Cana in Galilee; and it is generally thought that he was the bridegroom mentioned by St. John, at whose marriage our blessed Saviour turned the water into wine.

Simon the Zealot, one of Jesus Christ's 12 apostles, is a mystery character in the Bible. We have one tantalizing bit of information about him, which has led to the ongoing debate among Bible scholars.

In some versions of the Bible (such as the Amplified Bible), he is called Simon the Cananaean. In the King James Version and New King James Version, he is called Simon the Canaanite or Canaanite. In the English Standard Version, New American Standard Bible, New International Version, and New Living Translation he is called Simon the Zealot.

To confuse things further, Bible scholars argue over whether Simon was a member of the radical Zealot party or whether the term simply referred to his religious zeal. Those who take the former view think Jesus may have chosen Simon, a member of the tax-hating, Roman-hating Zealots, to counterbalance Matthew, a former tax collector, and employee of the Roman empire. Those scholars say such a move by Jesus would have shown that his kingdom reaches out to people from all walks of life.

Another odd aspect of Simon's appointment was that the Zealots generally agreed with the Pharisees, as far as the legalistic observance of the commandments. Jesus frequently clashed with the Pharisees over their strict interpretation of the law. We might wonder how Simon the Zealot reacted to that.

The Zealot party had a long history in Israel, formed by men who were passionate about obeying the commandments in the Torah, especially those that banned idolatry. As foreign conquerors imposed their pagan ways on the Jewish people, the Zealots sometimes turned to violence.

One such offshoot of the Zealots as the Sicarii, or daggermen, a group of assassins who tried to cast off Roman rule. Their tactic was to mingle in crowds during festivals, slip up behind a victim, then kill him with their Sicari, or short curved knife. The effect was a reign of terror that disrupted the Roman government.

In Luke 22:38, the disciples tell Jesus, "See, Lord, here are two swords." When Jesus is arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane, Peter draws his sword and cuts off the ear of Malchus, the high priest's servant. It's not a stretch to assume that the second sword was owned by Simon the Zealot, but ironically he kept it hidden, and Peter turned to violence.

Accomplishments of Simon the Zealot:

Scripture tells us almost nothing about Simon. In the Gospels, he is mentioned in three places, but only to list his name with the 12 disciples. In Acts 1:13 we learn that he was present with the 11 apostles in the upper room of Jerusalem after Christ had ascended to heaven.

Church tradition holds that he spread the gospel in Egypt as a missionary and was martyred in Persia.

Strengths:

Simon left everything in his previous life to follow Jesus. He lived true to the Great Commission after Jesus' ascension.

Weaknesses:

Like most of the other apostles, Simon the Zealot deserted Jesus during his trial and crucifixion.

Life Lessons From Simon the Zealot:

Jesus Christ transcends political causes, governments, and all earthly turmoil. His kingdom is eternal. Following Jesus leads to salvation and heaven.

References to Simon the Zealot in the Bible:

Matthew 10:4, Mark 3:18, Luke 6:15, Acts 1:13.

Simon was surnamed the Zealot for his rigid adherence to the Jewish law and to the Canaanite law. He was one of the original followers of Christ. Western tradition is that he preached in Egypt and then went to Persia with St. Jude, where both suffered martyrdom. Eastern tradition says Simon died peacefully at Edessa. His feast day is October 28th.

"St. Simon" redirects here. For other uses, see Saint-Simon (disambiguation).

Simon the Zealot (Acts 1:13, Luke 6:15) or Simon the Canaanite or Simon the Canaanean (Matthew 10:4, Mark 3:18; Greek: Σίμων ὁ Κανανίτης; Coptic: ⲥⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲡⲓ-ⲕⲁⲛⲁⲛⲉⲟⲥ; Classical Syriac: ܫܡܥܘܢ ܩܢܢܝܐ‎)[3] was one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus. A few pseudepigraphical writings were connected to him, but Saint Jerome does not include him in De viris illustribus written between 392–393 AD.[4]

Identity

Saint Simon the Zealot with his attribute of a saw

The name Simon occurs in all of the Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Acts each time there is a list of apostles, without further details:

Simon, (whom he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew, Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon called Zelotes, And Judas the brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, which also was the traitor.

— Luke 6:14–16

The Zealot

To distinguish him from Simon Peter he is called Kananaios or Kananites, depending on the manuscript (Matthew 10:4 Mark 3:18), and in the list of apostles in Luke 6:15, repeated in Acts 1:13, Zelotes, the "Zealot". Both titles derive from the Hebrew word קנאי qanai, meaning zealous, although Jerome and others mistook the word to signify the apostle was from the town of קנה Cana, in which case his epithet would have been "Kanaios", or even from the region of כנען Canaan.[citation needed] As such, the translation of the word as "the Cananite" or "the Canaanite" is traditional and without contemporary extra-canonic parallel.[citation needed]

James Tissot – Saint Simon – Brooklyn Museum

Robert Eisenman has pointed out contemporary talmudic references to Zealots as kanna'im "but not really as a group — rather as avenging priests in the Temple".[5] Eisenman's broader conclusions, that the zealot element in the original apostle group was disguised and overwritten to make it support the assimilative Pauline Christianity of the Gentiles, are more controversial. John P. Meier points out that the term "Zealot" is a mistranslation and in the context of the Gospels means "zealous" or "jealous" (in this case, for keeping the Law of Moses), as the Zealot movement did not exist until 30 to 40 years after the events of the Gospels.[6] However, neither Brandon,[7] nor Hengel [8] support this view.

Other identifications

Statue of St. Simon in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran by Francesco Moratti.

In the Gospels, Simon the Zealot is never identified with Simon the brother of Jesus mentioned in Mark 6:3:

Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon, and are not his sisters here with us?" And they took offense at him.

The Catholic Encyclopedia suggests that Simon the Zealot may be the same person as Simeon of Jerusalem or Simon the brother of Jesus. He could perhaps be the cousin of Jesus or a son of Joseph from a previous marriage.[9]

Another tradition holds that this is the Simeon of Jerusalem who became the second bishop of Jerusalem, although he was born in Galilee.[10][11]

Later tradition

St. Isidore of Seville drew together the accumulated anecdotes of St. Simon in De Vita et Morte.

According to the Golden Legend, which is a collection of hagiographies, compiled by Jacobus de Varagine in the thirteenth century "Simon the Cananaean and Judas Thaddeus were brethren of James the Less and sons of Mary Cleophas, which was married to Alpheus." [12][13]

In the apocryphal Arabic Infancy Gospel a fact related to this apostle is mentioned. A boy named Simon is bitten by a snake in his hand; he is healed by Jesus, who told the child "you shall be my disciple". The mention ends with the phrase "this is Simon the Cananite, of whom mention is made in the Gospel."[14]

In later tradition, Simon is often associated with Saint Jude as an evangelizing team; in Western Christianity, they share their feast day on 28 October. The most widespread tradition is that after evangelizing in Egypt, Simon joined Jude in Persia and Armenia or Beirut, Lebanon, where both were martyred in 65 AD. This version is the one found in the Golden Legend. He may have suffered crucifixion as the Bishop of Jerusalem.

One tradition states that he traveled in the Middle East and Africa. Christian Ethiopians claim that he was crucified in Samaria, while Justus Lipsius writes that he was sawn in half at Suanir, Persia.[13] However, Moses of Chorene writes that he was martyred at Weriosphora in Caucasian Iberia.[13] Tradition also claims he died peacefully at Edessa.[15]

Another tradition says he visited Roman Britain. In this account, in his second mission to Britain, he arrived during the first year of Boadicea's rebellion (60 AD). He was crucified 10 May 61 AD by the Roman Catus Decianus, at Caistor, modern-day Lincolnshire, Britain.[16]

According to Cardinal Baronius and Hippolytus, Simon's first arrival in Britain was in the year A.D.44, during the Claudian war. Evidently his stay was short, as he returned to the continent. Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, and Byzantine historian, A.D.758-829, writes:

"Simon born in Cana of Galilee who for his fervent affection for his Master and great zeal that he showed by all means to the Gospel, was surnamed Zelotes, having received the Holy Ghost from above, travelled through Egypt, and Africa, then through Mauretania and all Lybia, preaching the Gospel. And the same doctrine he taught to the Occidental Sea, and the Isles called Britanniae." [17]

Another tradition, doubtless inspired by his title "the Zealot", states that he involved in the First Jewish–Roman War (66-73 AD).[7][8]

The second century Epistle of the Apostles (Epistula Apostolorum),[18] a polemic against gnostics, lists him among the apostles purported to be writing the letter (who include Thomas) as Judas Zelotes. Certain Old Latin translations of the Gospel of Matthew substitute "Judas the Zealot" for Thaddeus/Lebbaeus in Matthew 10:3. To some readers, this suggests that he may be identical with the "Judas not Iscariot" mentioned in John 14:22: "Judas saith unto him, not Iscariot, Our Lord, how is it that thou wilt manifest thyself unto us, and not unto the world?" As it has been suggested that Jude is identical with the Apostle Thomas (see Jude Thomas), an identification of "Simon Zelotes" with Thomas is also possible. Barbara Thiering identified Simon Zelotes with Simon Magus; however, this view has received no serious acceptance. The New Testament records nothing more of Simon, aside from this multitude of possible but unlikely pseudonyms. He is buried in the same tomb as St. Jude Thaddeus, in the left transept of the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, under the altar of St. Joseph.

In art, Simon has the identifying attribute of a saw because he was traditionally martyred by being sawn in half.

Sainthood

St. Simon the Zealot's (Simon Kananaios) cave in Abkhazia, Georgia

Simon, like the other Apostles, is regarded as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Eastern Catholic Churches, the Anglican Church and the Lutheran Church.

Islam

Muslims accept Jesus as a prophet of Islam. The Qur'an also speaks of Jesus' disciples but does not mention their names, instead referring to them as "helpers to the work of God".[19] Muslim exegesis and Qur'an commentary, however, names them and includes Simon amongst the disciples.[20] Muslim tradition says that Simon was sent to preach the faith of God to the Berbers, outside North Africa.[21]

In the Gospel of Barnabas, a book dated to the late 16th century that recounts a life story of Jesus from an Islamic perspective, a list of the twelve apostles is registered. In this list the only apostle that does not match with one of the traditional apostles of Christianity is Simon the Zealot, naming in his place a person who identifies himself as Barnabas, who appears as author of the book.[22]

✠ புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு ✠(St. Jude the Apostle)அக்டோபர் 28

† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(அக்டோபர் 28)

✠ புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு ✠

(St. Jude the Apostle)

திருத்தூதர், மறைசாட்சி:

(Apostle and Martyr)

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1 (முற்பகுதி)

கலிலேயா, யூதேயா, ரோம பேரரசு

(Galilee, Judaea, Roman Empire)

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 67

பெர்சியா அல்லது அராராத், ஆர்மேனியா

(கோடரியால் வெட்டி கொல்லப்பட்டார்)

(Persia, or Ararat, Armenia)

ஏற்கும் சபை/ சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைகள்

(Eastern Catholic Churches)

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Eastern Orthodox Churches)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் ஒன்றியம்

(Anglican Union)

லூதரனிய திருச்சபை

(Lutheran Church)

ஓரியண்ட்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Oriental Orthodoxy)

கிழக்கு திருச்சபை

(Church of the East)

அகில்பயன் திருச்சபை

(Aglipayan Church)

இஸ்லாம்

(Islam)

முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:

புனித பேதுரு பேராலயம், ரோம், ரெய்ம்ஸ், டௌலோஸ், ஃபிரான்ஸ்

(Saint Peter's, Rome, Reims, Toulouse, France)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: அக்டோபர் 28

பாதுகாவல்:

ஆர்மீனியா (Armenia), தொலைந்த காரணங்கள், அவநம்பிக்கையான சூழ்நிலைகள், மருத்துவமனைகள், செயின்ட் பீட்டர்ஸ்பர்க் (St. Petersburg), ஃ புளோரிடா (Florida), சிகாகோ காவல் துறை (Chicago Police Department), பிரேசில் (Brazil), ஃ பிலிப்பைன்ஸ் (Philippines).

புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு, முதலாம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்தவரும், இயேசுவின் பன்னிரு திருத்தூதர்களுள் (அப்போஸ்தலர்களுள்) ஒருவருமாவார்.

இயேசுவை காட்டிக்கொடுத்த யுதாசுவிடமிருந்து வேறுபடுத்த, இவரை “ததேயு” (Thaddaeus) என்றோ, “லேபெசியஸ்” (Lebbaeus) என்றோ, “யாக்கோபின் யூதா” (Jude of James), என்றோ அழைப்பர். யோவான் நற்செய்தியாளர் இவரை "யூதா - இஸ்காரியோத்து - யூதாசு அல்ல" என்று குறிப்பிடுகிறார்.

பாரம்பரியம் மற்றும் புராணம்:

புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு, “யூதேயா” (Judea), “சமாரியா” (Samaria), “சிரியா” (Syria), “மெசபடோமியா” (Mesopotamia) மற்றும் “லிபியா” (Libya) ஆகிய நாடுகளில் நற்செய்தி போதித்தார் என்று பாரம்பரிய செய்திகள் கூறுகின்றன. இவரும் பர்த்தலமேயுவுமே ஆர்மீனியா நாட்டிற்கு கிறிஸ்தவத்தை கொண்டுவந்தனர் என்பர். அவர் “பெய்ரூட்” (Beirut) மற்றும் “எடெஸாவிற்கு” (Edessa) விஜயம் செய்ததாக கூறப்படுகிறது. இருப்பினும், பிந்தைய பணிகளின் தூதுச் செய்தியாளர், இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவின் எழுபது சீடர்களில் ஒருவரான “தடேயஸ்” (Thaddeus of Edessa) என்றும் அறியப்படுகிறது.

பதினான்காம் நூற்றாண்டின் வரலாற்றாசிரியரான “நிஸ்பொரஸ் கல்லிஸ்டஸ்” (Nicephorus Callistus) என்பவரின் கூற்றின்படி, இயேசு கிறிஸ்து, தமது அதிதூய அன்னையின் வேண்டுகோளின்படி, சாதாரண தண்ணீரை திராட்சை இரசமாக மாற்றி நிகழ்த்திய முதல் அதிசயமான “கானா” (Cana) ஊர் திருமணத்தில் மணமகனே புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு’தான் என்கிறார். பிற்காலத்தில், ரோமர்களால் மீண்டும் கட்டப்பட்டு, “செசரியா பிலிப்பி” (Caesarea Philippi) என மறு பெயரிடப்பட்ட “கலிலேயாவிலுள்ள” (Galilee) “பனேஸ்” (Paneas) எனும் நகரிலுள்ள யூதர்கள் குடும்பத்தில் இவர் பிறந்தவர் என்றும் புராணங்கள் கூறுகின்றன.

இவர் “கிரேக்கம்” (Greek) மற்றும் “அராமைக்” (Aramaic) மொழிகள் பேசினார். அந்த பகுதியில் உள்ள கிட்டத்தட்ட அவரது சமகாலத்தவர்கள் அனைவரையும் போல, இவரும் விவசாயத்தையே தொழிலாக செய்து வந்தார்.

சுமார் கி.பி. 67ம் ஆண்டு, ரோமப் பிரதேசமான “சிரியாவின்” (Syria) “லெபனான்” நாட்டு தலைநகரும், பிரதான துறைமுகமுமான “பெய்ரூட்” (Beirut) நகரில் இவரும், “தீவிரவாதியாய் இருந்த புனிதர் சீமோனும்” (Simon the Zealot) மறைசாட்சியாய் மரித்தனர். இவர், கோடரியால் வெட்டப்பட்டு மரித்தார். இவரது உடல், பின்நாளில் வத்திக்கானில் உள்ள புனித பேதுரு பேராலயத்திற்கு எடுத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டு அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது.

இவரது நினைவுத் திருவிழா நாள் அக்டோபர் 28 ஆகும்.

† Saint of the Day †

(October 28)

✠ St. Jude the Apostle ✠

Apostle and Martyr:

Born: 1st century AD

Galilee, Judaea, Roman Empire

Died: 1st century AD

Persia, or Ararat, Armenia

Venerated in:

Roman Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox Churches

Eastern Catholic Churches

Oriental Orthodox Churches

Church of the East

Anglican Communion

Lutheranism

Aglipayan Church

Islam

Major shrine:

St. Thaddeus Armenian Monastery, Northern Iran; Saint Peter's, Rome; Reims, Toulouse, France

Feast: October 28

Patronage:

Armenia; Lost Causes; Desperate Situations; Hospitals; St. Petersburg, Florida; Cotta; the Chicago Police Department; Clube de Regatas do Flamengo from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Lucena, Quezon, Sibalom, Antique, and Trece Mártires, Cavite, The Philippines; and Sinajana in Guam

Compared to more prominent apostles in the Scripture, little is known about Thaddeus, one of Jesus Christ's 12 apostles. Part of the mystery stems from him being called by several different names in the Bible: Thaddeus, Jude, Judas, and Thaddaeus. 

Some have argued that there are two or more different people represented by these names, but most Bible scholars agree that these various names all refer to the same person. In lists of the Twelve, he is called Thaddeus or Thaddaeus, a surname for the name Lebbaeus (Matthew 10:3, KJV), which means “heart” or “courageous.”

The picture is confused further when he is called Judas but is distinguished from Judas Iscariot in John 12:22. Some Bible scholars suggest Thaddeus authored the epistle of Jude, however, a more widely accepted position is that Jude, the half-brother of Jesus, wrote the book. 

Historical Background on Thaddeus the Apostle:

Little is known of Thaddeus' early life, other than he likely was born and raised in the same area of Galilee as Jesus and the other disciples — a region which is now part of northern Israel, just south of Lebanon. One tradition has him born into a Jewish family in the town of Paneas. Another tradition holds that his mother was a cousin of Mary, mother of Jesus, which would make him a blood relation to Jesus.

We also know that Thaddeus, like other disciples, preached the gospel in the years following the death of Jesus. Tradition holds that he preached in Judea, Samaria, Idumaea, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Libya, possibly alongside Simon the Zealot.

Church tradition holds that Thaddeus founded a church at Edessa and was crucified there as a martyr. One legend suggests his execution occurred in Persia. Because he was executed by an axe or club, these weapons are often shown in artworks depicting Thaddeus. After his execution, his body is said to have been brought to Rome and placed in St. Peter's Basilica, where his bones remain to this day, interred in the same tomb with the remains of Simon the Zealot. Armenians, for whom St. Jude is the patron saint, believe that Thaddeus' remains are interred in an Armenian monastery. 

Accomplishments of Thaddeus:

Thaddeus learned the gospel directly from Jesus and loyally served Christ despite hardship and persecution. He preached as a missionary following Jesus’ resurrection. He may have penned the book of Jude. The final two verses of Jude (24-25) contain a doxology, or "expression of praise to God," considered the finest in the New Testament.

Weaknesses:

Like most of the other apostles, Thaddeus abandoned Jesus during his trial and crucifixion.

Life Lessons From Thaddeus:

In John 14:22, Thaddeus asked Jesus, “Lord, why are you going to reveal yourself only to us and not to the world at large?” (NLT). This question uncovered a few things about Thaddeus. Number one, Thaddeus was comfortable in his relationship with Jesus, enough to stop the Lord in the middle of his teaching to ask a question. Thaddeus was curious to know why Jesus would reveal himself to the disciples but not to the whole world. This demonstrated that Thaddeus had a compassionate heart for the world. He wanted everyone to know Jesus. 

References to Thaddeus in the Bible:

The apostle Thaddeus is mentioned in Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:16; John 14:22; Acts 1:13; And possibly the book of Jude.

St. Jude, known as Thaddaeus, was a brother of St. James the Less, and a relative of Our Saviour. He was one of the 12 Apostles of Jesus and his attribute is a club. Images of St. Jude often include a flame around his head, which represent his presence at Pentecost, when he accepted the Holy Spirit alongside the other apostles. Another attribute is St. Jude holding an image of Christ, in the Image of Edessa.

Sometimes he can also be seen holding a carpenter's ruler or is depicted with a scroll or book, the Epistle of Jude.

Biblical scholars agree St. Jude was a son of Clopas and his mother Mary was the Virgin Mary's cousin. Ancient writers tell us that he preached the Gospel in Judea, Samaria, Idumaea, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Lybia. According to Eusebius, he returned to Jerusalem in the year 62, and assisted at the election of his brother, St. Simeon, as Bishop of Jerusalem.

Saint Jude is not the same person as Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Our Lord and despaired because of his great sin and lack of trust in God's mercy.

Jude was the one who asked Jesus at the Last Supper why He would not manifest Himself to the whole world after His resurrection. Little else is known of his life. Legend claims that he visited Beirut and Edessa and could have been martyred with St. Simon in Persia.

He is an author of an epistle (letter) to the Churches of the East, particularly the Jewish converts, directed against the heresies of the Simonians, Nicolaites, and Gnostics. Though Saint Gregory the Illuminator has been credited as the "Apostle to the Armenians," the Apostles Jude and Bartholomew are believed to have brought Christianity to Armenia, where Jude was rumored to have later been martyred.

There is some debate about where Jude died, though most Biblical scholars agree he was martyred. He is believed to have been martyred either in Armenia or Beirut.

Following his death, St. Jude's body was brought to Rome and left in a crypt in St. Peter's Basilica. Today his bones can be found in the left transept of St. Peter's Basilica under the main altar of St. Joseph in a tomb he shares with the remains of the apostle Simon the Zealot.

Pilgrims came to St. Jude's grave to pray and many reported a powerful intercession, leading to the title, "The Saint for the Hopeless and the Despaired." Two Saints, St. Bridget of Sweden and St. Bernard, had visions from God asking them to accept St. Jude as "The Patron Saint of the Impossible."

Roman Catholics invoke St. Jude when in desperate situations because his New Testament letter stresses that the faithful should persevere in the environment of harsh, difficult circumstances -just as their forefathers had done before them; therefore, he is the patron saint of desperate cases.

The Chicago Police Department and Clube de Regatas do Flamengo - the Rio de Janeiro soccer team - have made Saint Jude their patron saint and there are several hospitals who have also accepted him as their patron saint, including the well-known children's hospital St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee.

There have also been several sites across the world dedicated to the Apostle Jude, including shrines and churches. The National Shrine of Saint Jude was founded in 1955 and can be found in England.

There are two mentions of Jude in the New Testament: Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13.

When Jude was mentioned in the Bible, it was often in relation to James (Jude of James) which is traditionally interpreted to mean "Jude, brother of James" as in the King James version of Luke 6:16; however, "Jude, son of James" appears in Protestant translations such as the NIV, NIRV, and the New King James Version. The same discrepancy occurs in Acts 1:13.

In John 14:22, a disciple called "Judas not Iscariot" is assumed to be the apostle Jude, though critics believe it is too ambiguous to believe it is a certainty.

When the apostles are listed in Matthew 10:3 and Mark 3:18, Jude's name does not appear but "Thaddeus" does. This occurrence led early Christians to believe Jude was known as both "Jude" and "Thaddeus," the latter of which could have been a sort of nickname.

"Thaddeus" may have become a popular nickname for Jude following Judas Iscariot's betrayal. To add further confusion to Jude's second name, the name Thaddeus is often indistinguishable from Thaddeus of Edessa, one of the Seventy Disciples.

A popular Roman Catholic prayer to Saint Jude is:

"O most holy apostle, Saint Jude, faithful servant and friend of Jesus, the Church honoureth and invoketh thee universally, as the patron of hopeless cases, and of things almost despaired of. Pray for me, who am so miserable.

"Make use, I implore thee, of that particular privilege accorded to thee, to bring visible and speedy help where help was almost despaired of. Come to mine assistance in this great need, that I may receive the consolation and succor of Heaven in all my necessities, tribulations, and sufferings, particularly (here make your request) and that I may praise God with thee and all the elect throughout eternity.

"I promise thee, O blessed Jude, to be ever mindful of this great favour, to always honour thee as my special and powerful patron, and to gratefully encourage devotion to thee. Amen."

The Novena - a prayer said nine days in a row - to Saint Jude is:

"Apostle and Martyr, great in virtue and rich in miracles, near kinsman of Jesus Christ, faithful intercessor for all who invoke thee, special patron in time of need; to thee I have recourse from the depth of my heart, and humbly beg thee, to whom God hath given such great power, to come to my assistance; help me now in my urgent need and grant my earnest petition. I will never forget thy graces and the favors thou dost obtain for me and I will do my utmost to spread devotion to thee. Amen."

"St. Jude" redirects here. For other saints, see Jude, brother of Jesus and Epistle of Jude. For other uses, see St. Jude (disambiguation).

"Thaddaeus" redirects here. For the saint known as Mar Addai, see Thaddeus of Edessa. For other uses, see Thaddeus.

Jude, also known as Judas Thaddaeus[4] (Greek: Θαδδαῖος; Coptic: ⲑⲁⲇⲇⲉⲟⲥ; Syriac/Aramaic: ܝܗܘܕܐ ܫܠܝܚܐ),[5] was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. He is generally identified with Thaddeus, and is also variously called Jude of James, Jude Thaddaeus, Judas Thaddaeus or Lebbaeus. He is sometimes identified with Jude, the brother of Jesus, but is clearly distinguished from Judas Iscariot, the apostle who betrayed Jesus prior to his crucifixion. Catholic writer Michal Hunt suggests that Judas Thaddaeus became known as Jude after early translators of the New Testament from Greek into English sought to distinguish him from Judas Iscariot and subsequently abbreviated his forename.[6] Most versions of the New Testament in languages other than English and French refer to Judas and Jude by the same name.[7]

The Armenian Apostolic Church honors Thaddeus along with Saint Bartholomew as its patron saints. In the Roman Catholic Church, he is the patron saint of desperate cases and lost causes.[8]

Saint Jude's attribute is a club. He is also often shown in icons with a flame around his head. This represents his presence at Pentecost, when he received the Holy Spirit with the other apostles. Another common attribute is Jude holding an image of Jesus Christ, known as the Image of Edessa. In some instances, he may be shown with a scroll or a book (the Epistle of Jude) or holding a carpenter's rule.[9]

New Testament

Jude is clearly distinguished from Judas Iscariot, another apostle and later the betrayer of Jesus. Both Jude and Judas are translations of the name Ὶούδας in the Koine Greek language original text of the New Testament, which in turn is a Greek variant of Judah (Y'hudah), a name which was common among Jews at the time. In most Bibles in languages other than English and French, Jude and Judas are referred to by the same name.

Aside from Judas Iscariot, the New Testament mentions Jude or Judas six times, in four different contexts:

"Jude of James", one of the twelve apostles (Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13);

"Judas, (not Judas Iscariot)", apparently an apostle (John 14:22);

the brother of Jesus (Matthew 13:55, Mark 6:3);

the writer of the Epistle of Jude, who identifies himself as "the brother of James" (Jude 1).

Catholic tradition generally holds all four to be the same person,[citation needed] while Protestants generally believe 1 and 2 to be one person,[10] although theologian Raymond Brown saw the identification as uncertain.[11] The latter two are also usually thought to be the same person, although this too is not certain, but different from 1 and 2.[citation needed]

Brother of James or son of James?

Translations into English from the original Greek of the New Testament vary in their rendering of Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13. A literal translation of the references to Jude in these passages gives "Jude of James", as in Young's Literal Translation of the Bible, but scholars differ on whether this means "Jude, brother of James" or "Jude, son of James". The King James and the Douay-Rheims versions call him "Judas the brother of James", making him the same person as the writer of the Epistle of Jude, who identifies himself as "Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James" (Jude 1:1).

Most modern translations (including the New International Version, Revised Standard Version and New Revised Standard Version), identify him as "Jude the son of James", and not the same person as the author of the Epistle of Jude. Protestant scholar Darrell L. Bock writes that it must mean "son" not "brother", because when "brother" is intended, the Greek word for "brother" (adelphos) is present.[12] Bock also says that means he was not the brother of Jesus. Additionally the use of the genitive case of "James" (Iakovou) in Greek, usually signifies or implies the person's father to be distinguished from his homonyms.[13]

Brother of Jesus?

Opinion is divided on whether Jude the apostle was also Jude, brother of Jesus, the traditional author of the Epistle of Jude.[14] Generally, Catholics believe the two Judes are the same person,[15] while Protestants generally do not.

According to the surviving fragments of the work Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord of the Apostolic Father Papias of Hierapolis, who lived c. 70–163 AD, Mary the wife of Cleophas or Alphaeus would be the mother of Judas the brother of Jesus that Papias identifies with Thaddeus:

Mary the wife of Cleophas or Alphaeus, who was the mother of James the bishop and apostle, and of Simon and Thaddeus, and of one Joseph...(Fragment X)[16]

Possible identity with Thaddeus

St. Thaddeus, St. Sandukht and other Christians in Sanatruk's prison

In the apostolic lists at Matthew 10:3 and Mark 3:18, Jude is omitted, but there is a Thaddeus (or in some manuscripts of Matthew 10:3, "Lebbaeus who was surnamed Thaddaeus", as in the King James Version) listed in his place. This has led many Christians since early times to harmonize the lists by positing a "Jude Thaddeus", known by either name. This is made plausible by the fact that "Thaddeus" seems to be a nickname (see Thaddeus) and that many New Testament figures have multiple names (such as Simon Peter and Joseph Barnabas). A further reason is the fact that the name "Judas" was tarnished by Judas Iscariot. It has been argued that for this reason, it is unsurprising that Mark and Matthew refer to him by an alternate name.[17]

Some Biblical scholars reject this theory, however, holding that Jude and Thaddeus did not represent the same person.[18] They have proposed alternative theories to explain the discrepancy: an unrecorded replacement of one for the other during the ministry of Jesus because of apostasy or death;[19] the possibility that "twelve" was a symbolic number and an estimation;[20] or simply that the names were not recorded perfectly by the early church.[21]

Thaddeus, one of the twelve apostles, is often indistinguishable from Thaddeus of Edessa, one of the Seventy Disciples.[22][23]

In some Latin manuscripts of Matthew 10:3, Thaddeus is called Judas the Zealot.

St. Vincent, Sabina, & Christeta October 27

 St. Vincent, Sabina, & Christeta

Feastday: October 27

Death: 303

Three martyrs who were executed at Avila, Spain, during the persecutions of Emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305). Their Acta are considered dubious.

St. Odran of Iona October 27

 St. Odran of Iona

Feastday: October 27

Death: 548

Otteran served as abbot of the Irish monastery of Tyfarnham in Meath, and founded another abbey at Latteragh in County Tipperary. Although little is known about his life, he is described as "noble and without sin." He was later to leave Ireland with eleven others to accompany the Irish missionary priest Saint Columba on his sea journey to the Scottish island of Iona, where the latter subsequently founded the renowned Iona monastic colony. Shortly after their arrival, Otteran sensed his own death drawing near, and predicted that he would be the first monk to die on the island.

Upon hearing this, Columba, thinking ahead to his own death, replied, "Whoever makes a request at my burial-place shall not get it until he prays to you as well." After taking leave of Otteran and giving him his blessing, Columba stepped outside, where he experienced a vision of angels battling with demons as the soul of his friend Otteran was borne to heaven. Columba learned that Otteran had in fact died just then. Iona's cemetery grew around Otteran's burial plot.

St. Namatius October 27

 St. Namatius

Feastday: October 27

Bishop of Clermont, sometimes listed as Namace. He founded the local cathedral

St. Gaudiosus of Naples October 27

 St. Gaudiosus of Naples

Feastday: October 27

Death: 455

Bishop called "the African." He was the bishop of Abitina in North Africa, exiled by Geiseric, the Vandal king, in 440. Gaudiosus went to Naples, Italy, where he founded a monastery.

Saint Gaudiosus of Naples or Gaudiosus the African (Latin: Sanctus Gaudiosus Africanus) was a bishop of Abitina (Abitine, Abitinia; Abitinae article) in Africa Province during the 5th century AD Abitina was a village near Carthage in present-day western Tunisia.

Born Septimius Celius Gaudiosus, he fled North Africa during the persecutions of Genseric, king of the Vandals, in a leaky boat and arrived at Naples with other exiled churchmen, including the bishop of Carthage, who was named Quodvultdeus. Arriving around 439 AD, he established himself on the acropolis of Naples.

The introduction of the Augustinian Rule into Naples is attributed to him as well as the introduction of some relics, including those of Saint Restituta.[1][2]

Gaudiosus' relics were later buried in the Catacombs of San Gennaro in the 6th century.[1][2] One of the cemeteries of these catacombs, San Gaudioso, refers to Gaudiosus.

St. Florentius October 27

 St. Florentius

Feastday: October 27

Death: 3rd century

Martyr who suffered at Trois-Chateaux, Burgundy, France.

St. Elesbaan October 27

 St. Elesbaan

Feastday: October 27

Death: 540

Christian king of Ethiopia, probably a Monophysite, called Calam-Negus by the Abyssinians. He fought the Jewish usurper Dunaan, who had committed atrocities against Christians. Elesbaan was also guilty of dreadful revenges against Dunaan's followers. He resigned, leaving the throne to his son, and ended his life as an eremite.

For other people called Kaleb, see Kaleb (name).

Kaleb (c. 520), also known as Saint Elesbaan, is perhaps the best-documented, if not best-known, King of Aksum, which was situated in modern-day Eritrea and Tigray, Ethiopia.

Procopius calls him "Hellestheaeus", a variant of Koinē Greek: Ελεσβόάς version of his regnal name, Ge'ez: እለ አጽብሐ ʾƎllä ʾAṣbəḥa (Histories, 1.20). Variants of his name are Hellesthaeus, Ellestheaeus, Eleshaah, Ellesboas, and Elesboam.

At Aksum, in inscription RIE 191, his name is rendered in unvocalized Gə‘əz as KLB ’L ’ṢBḤ WLD TZN (Kaleb ʾElla ʾAṣbeḥa, son of Tazena). In vocalized Gə‘əz, it is ካሌብ እለ አጽብሐ (Kaleb ʾƎllä ʾAṣbəḥa).

Kaleb, a name derived from the Biblical character Caleb, is his given name; on both his coins and inscriptions he left at Axum, as well as Ethiopian hagiographical sources and king lists, he refers to himself as the son of Tazena.[6]

Contents

1 History

2 See also

3 Notes

4 References

5 External links

History

Procopius, John of Ephesus, and other contemporary historians recount Kaleb's invasion of Yemen around 520, against the Himyarite king, Yusuf Asar Yathar, known as Dhu Nuwas, a Jew who was persecuting the Christian community of Najran. After much fighting, Kaleb's soldiers eventually routed Yusuf's forces and killed the king, allowing Kaleb to appoint Sumuafa' Ashawa', a native Christian (named Esimiphaios by Procopius), as his viceroy of Himyar.

As a result of his protection of the Christians, Kaleb is known as Saint Elesbaan after the sixteenth-century Cardinal Caesar Baronius added him to his edition of the Roman Martyrology despite his being a miaphysite.[7][8][9] However, the question of whether Miaphysitism—the actual Christology of Oriental Orthodoxy, including the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria)—was a heresy is a question which remains to this day.

A reference map of the empire of Kaleb of Axum.

Axumite control of Arabia Felix continued until c. 525 when Sumuafa' Ashawa' was deposed by Abraha, who made himself king. Procopius states that Kaleb made several unsuccessful attempts to recover his overseas territory; however, his successor later negotiated a peace with Abraha, where Abraha acknowledged the Axumite king's authority and paid tribute. Munro-Hay opines that by this expedition Axum overextended itself, and this final intervention across the Red Sea, "was Aksum's swan-song as a great power in the region."[10]

A historical record survives of a meeting between the Byzantine ambassador and historian Nonnosus and Kaleb in the year 530.[11]

Ethiopian tradition states that Kaleb eventually abdicated his throne, gave his crown to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, and retired to a monastery.[12]

Later historians who recount the events of King Kaleb's reign include ibn Hisham, ibn Ishaq, and al-Tabari. Taddesse Tamrat records a tradition he heard from an aged priest in Lalibela that "Kaleb was a man of Lasta and his palace was at Bugna where it is known that Gebre Mesqel Lalibela had later established his centre. The relevance of this tradition for us is the mere association of the name of Kaleb with the evangelization of this interior province of Aksum."[13]

Besides several inscriptions bearing his name,[14] Axum also contains a pair of ruined structures, one said to be his tomb and its partner said to be the tomb of his son, Gabra Masqal. (Tradition gives him a second son, Israel, whom it has been suggested is identical with king Israel of Axum.[15]) This structure was first examined as an archaeological subject by Henry Salt in the early 19th century; almost a century later, it was partially cleared and mapped out by the Deutsche Aksum-Expedition in 1906. The most recent excavation of this tomb was in 1973 by the British Institute in Eastern Africa.[16]

The Eastern Orthodox Church commemorates Kaleb as "Saint Elesbaan, King of Ethiopia" on 24 October (O.S.) / 6 November (N.S.)

St. Desiderius of Auxerre October 27

 St. Desiderius of Auxerre

Feastday: October 27

Death: 621

Bishop of Auxerre, France, the successor of St. Anacharius.

For other saints Desiderius (Didier), see Saint Desiderius.

Desiderius of Auxerre (died 621) was bishop of Auxerre, in France, from 614 to 621. He was from Aquitaine, and is mentioned in the Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium, as well as the Chronicle of Fredegar.

He is known for his large bequest to his church, St. Stephen's, of 300 pounds of rich liturgical vessels.[1][2] These objects were stolen in 1567.[3] His wealth probably came from a noble background; he is thought to have been a kinsman of Queen Brunhild.[4]

He is a Catholic saint, whose feast day is 19 October.[5]

St. Capitolina October 27

 St. Capitolina

Feastday: October 27

Death: 304

A martyred woman of Cappadocia, with her handmaid, Erotheis. They died in the persecutions conducted by Emperor Diocletian.

St. Abraham the Poor October 27

 St. Abraham the Poor

Feastday: October 27

Death: 372

A holy hermit, listed in some records as "the Poor" or "the Child," allusions to his purity of heart and to the simplicity of his lifestyle ways. He was born in Menuf "or Minuf", Egypt, a site northwest of Cairo in the Delta region of the Nile. He became a disciple of St. Pachomius, the founder of cenobitic monasticism. Abraham spent almost two decades in a cave near Pachomius' foundations in the Delta.

Saint Abraham the Poor (also Saint Abraham the Child and Abraham the Simple) was a fourth-century Egyptian hermit and a saint.

Contents

1 Life

2 Notes

3 References

4 External links

Life

Born in the town of Menuf, he became a disciple of Saint Pachomius, who founded cenobitic monasticism, in the Delta region of the Nile River. He remained a disciple of Saint Pachomius for 23 years, after which he spent the following seventeen years as a cave hermit.[1] His nicknames of "the poor" and "the child" refer to his simple life and simple faith.[1] His feast day is celebrated on 27 October.

St. Abban of Murnevin October 27

 St. Abban of Murnevin

Feastday: October 27

Death: 5th Century

 St. Abban of MurnevinAbbot and missionary, called Ewin, Evin, Neville, or Nevin. He is listed as a nephew of St. Kevin and is confused with St. Abban of Magh-Armuidhe. Abban is best known for his association with the monastery of Rosmic-Treoin of New Ross.