இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் ஜீலை 24

 St. Dictinus

Feastday: July 24

Death: 420

Bishop of Astorga, in Spain. He was originally a member of the Priscillianism heresy but was converted by St. Anibrose. Dictinus recanted at the Council of Toledo in 400.

Saint Christina the Astonishing

Also known as

Christina Mirabilis

Profile

Born to a peasant family, orphaned as a child, and raised by two older sisters. At age 21, she experienced a severe seizure of what may have been epilepsy. It was so severe as to be cateleptic, and she was thought to have died. During her funeral Mass, she suddenly recovered, and levitated to the roof of the church. Ordered down by the priest, she landed on the altar and stated that she had been to hell, purgatory, and heaven, and had been returned to earth with a ministry to pray for souls in purgatory.

Her life from that point became a series of strange incidents cataloged by a Thomas de Cantimpré, Dominican professor of theology at Louvain who was a contemporary who recorded his information by interviewing witnesses, and by Cardinal Jacques de Vitny who knew her personally. She exhibited both unusual traits and abilities. For example, she could not stand the odor of other people because she could smell the sin in them, and would climb trees or buildings, hide in ovens or cupboards, or simply levitate to avoid contact. She lived in a way that was considered poverty even in the 13th century, sleeping on rocks, wearing rags, begging, and eating what came to hand. She would roll in fire or handle it without harm, stand in freezing water in the winter for hours, spend long periods in tombs, or allow herself to be dragged under water by a mill wheel, though she never sustained injury. Given to ecstasies during which she led the souls of the recently dead to purgatory, and those in purgatory to paradise.

People who knew her were divided in their opinions: she was a holy woman, touched of God, and that her actions and torments were simulations of the experiences of the souls in purgatory; she was suffering the torments of devils; she was flatly insane. However, the prioress of Saint Catherine's convent testified that no matter how bizarre or excessive Christina's reported actions, she was always completely obedient to the orders of the prioresses of the convent. Christina was a friend of Louis, Count of Looz, whose castle she visited, and whose actions she rebuked. Blessed Marie of Oignies thought well of her, and Saint Lutgardis sought her advice.

Born

1150 at Brusthem near Liege, Belgium

Died

24 July 1224 at Saint Catherine's convent, Sint-Truiden, Belgium of natural causes

Beatified

• popular devotion existed and continues, but no formal beatification has taken place

• unknown if any cause is before the Congregation

• because of lack for formal designation, she is sometimes listed as Saint Christina, sometimes as Blessed Christina

Patronage

• against insanity, madness, mental disorders, mental handicaps or mental illness

• lunatics, mentally ill people

• mental health caregivers, professionals, psychiatrists and therapists

Blessed Giovanni Tavalli

Also known as

• Giovanni Tavelli

• Giovanni of Tossignano

Profile

While studying civil law in Bologna, Italy, Giovanni quit to join the Order of the Gesuati; in 1426, he was chosen prior of the Gesuati house in Ferrara, Italy. Chosen bishop of Ferrara on 28 October 1431. Giovanni at first refused the see, but Pope Eugene IV wrote to him about the matter, and the new bishop changed him mind. Ordained a priest and then consecrated bishop in a single continuous service on 27 December 1431; he served the remained 12 and a half years of his life.

Father Giovanni was an active bishop, travelling to all points of his diocese six times. He wrote and translated works on the ascetic life and the Bible. He attended the Council of Basel, and the Council of Ferrara-Florence. With the Marquises d’Este, in 1443 he founded the Arcispedale di Sant’Anna to provide for plague patients. Legend says that his prayers miraculously saved the city of Ferrara from the flooding of the river Po.

Born

latter 1386 in Tossignano, Bologna, Italy

Died

• 24 July 1446 in Ferrara, Italy of natural causes

• re-interred in the crypt of the church of San Girolamo in Ferrara in 1713

• relics enshrined in an urn and placed under the high altar of the church on 23 July 1719

• the urn was re-interred under the altar of the Crucifix in the church in 1947

• a bone from his right hand was donated to and enshrined in the archpriestal church of San Michele Arcangelo in Tossignano, Italy in August 1846

Beatified

• by Pope Clement VIII (cultus confirmation)

• by Pope Benedict XIV on 20 July 1748 (cultus confirmation)

• 23 January 2020 by Pope Francis (decree of heroic virtues following a re-examination of his Cause using the new methods and standards)

Blessed Cristóbal López de Valladolid Orea

Also known as

Cristóbal of Saint Catherine

Profile

One of six brothers born to a poor farming family. He was known as a pious child, and at age 7 or 8 he ran away from home, planning to join the Friars Minor; his mother sent his brothers to find him and bring him back. He served as an altar boy as often as he could, and when old enough he worked as a nurse in a hospital run by the Order of Saint John of God. Ordained a priest on 20 March 1663 in Badajoz, Spain. Military chaplain to the Spanish army that was fighting in Portugal, but ill health forced him to return home. In 1667 he became a hermit in the mountains of El Bañuelo, and after studying the teachings of Saint Francis of Assisi, he joined the Third Order Regular of Saint Francis in 1671, taking the name Cristóbal of Saint Catherine. Founded the Franciscan Hospitallers of Jesus the Nazarene in Córdoba, Spain on 11 February 1673 to care for the physical and spiritual needs of the sick; they received approval from Pope Benedict XIV in 1746. Father Cristóbal died holding a crucifix, a victim of cholera which he caught while tending to other patients during an epidemic.

Born

25 July 1638 at 8 Calle Baños, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain

Died

21 July 1690 in Córdoba, Spain of cholera

Beatified

• 7 April 2013 by Pope Benedict XVI; if was the first beatification of his papacy

• beatification recognition celebrated at the Cathedral of Córdoba, Spain, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato

Patronage

Franciscan Hospitallers of Jesus of Nazareth

Saint Christina of Bolsena

Also known as

Christina Anicii

Profile

Born to a wealthy pagan family. Converted as a youth, she destroyed all the idols in her father's house; those of gold and silver she broke up and gave to the poor. Scourged, tortured, and martyred for her new faith.

Her story and that of Saint Christina of Tyre seem to have been confused and combined in rewrites through the ages.

Born

3rd century, probably at Rome, Italy into the family Anicii

Died

• c.250 near Lake Bolsena, Tuscany, Italy

• her father tied a rock around her neck, and threw her into Lake Bolsena

• when she miraculously survived, her tongue was cut out, and she was thrown into a furnace

• when she survived, she was shot full of arrows on the order of a magistrate persecuting Christians by order of Diocletian

• relics at Palermo, Sicily, and Torcelli

• head in the cathedral at Milan, Italy

Patronage

• archers

• mariners

• millers

Saint Charbel Makhlouf

தூய ஷார்பெல் மஹ்லூப்

பிறப்பு : 1828 ஷார்பெல், லெபனான் நாட்டில் உள்ள பே-குவா-கப்ரா

இறப்பு : 1898 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்

புனிதர் பட்டம் : 1977 ஆம் ஆண்டு புனிதர் பட்டம் கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.

இவர் பிறந்த ஒருசில ஆண்டுகளிலே இவருடைய  தந்தை இறந்து போனார். 

ஷார்பெல் சிறுவயது முதலே பக்தியில் சிறந்துவிளங்கி வந்தார். இவரிடமிருந்து விளங்கிய பக்தியைப் பார்த்துவிட்டு எல்லாரும் ஆச்சரியப்பட்டு நின்றார்கள். இவர் வளர்ந்து பெரியவராகிய போது மேபுங் என்னும் இடத்தில் இருந்த துறவற மடத்தில் சேர்ந்து, கல்விகற்று 1859 ஆம் ஆண்டு, குருவாக மாறினார்.

தன்னுடைய குருத்துவ  வாழ்வின் பெரும்பாலான நாட்களை தனிமையிலும் ஜெபத்திலும் தவத்திலும் செலவழித்து வந்தார்; கடுமையான ஒறுத்தல் முயற்சிகளை மேற்கொண்டு வந்தார்.

தூய மரோன் என்பவரின் முன்மாதிரிகையைப் பின்பற்றி முன்பைவிட ஜெபத்திற்கும் தவத்திற்கும் ஒறுத்தல் முயற்சிகளுக்கும் முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுத்து வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். ஒருநாளைக்கு ஒருவேளை மட்டுமே உணவு உண்டு வந்தார். இப்படி அவர் கடுமையான ஒறுத்தல் முயற்சிகளைச் செய்து வந்ததால், அவருடைய உடல்நலம் குன்றியது. இதனால் அவர் படுத்த படுக்கையாகி இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.

Also known as

Joseph Zaroun Makhlouf

Profile

Son of a mule driver. Raised by an uncle who opposed the boy's youthful piety. The boy's favorite book was Thomas a Kempis's The Imitation of Christ. At age 23 he snuck away to join the Baladite monastery of Saint Maron at Annaya where he took the name Charbel in memory of a 2nd century martyr. Professed his solemn vows in 1853. Ordained in 1859, becoming a heiromonk.

He lived as a model monk, but dreamed of living like the ancient desert fathers. Hermit from 1875 until his death 23 years later, living on the bare minimums of everything. Gained a reputation for holiness, and was much sought for counsel and blessing. He had a great personal devotion to the Blessed Sacrament, and was known to levitate during his prayers. Briefly paralyzed for unknown reasons just before his death.

Several post-mortem miracles attributed him, including periods in 1927 and 1950 when a bloody "sweat" flowed from his corpse. His tomb has become a place of pilgrimage for Lebanese and non-Lebanese, Christian and non-Christian alike.

Born

8 May 1828 at Beka-Kafra, Lebanon as Joseph Zaroun Makhlouf

Died

24 December 1898 at Annaya of natural causes

Canonized

9 October 1977 by Pope Paul VI

Saint Euphrasia

Also known asEufrasia, Eupraxia

Profile

Born to the Roman nobility, the daughter of Antigonus, senator of Constantinople. Related to Roman Emperor Theodosius I who finished the conversion of Rome to a Christian state. Her father died soon after Euphrasia was born; she and her mother became wards of the emperor.

When Euphrasia was only five years old, the emperor arranged a marriage for her to the son of a senator. Two years later, she and her mother moved to their lands in Egypt. There, while still a child, Euphrasia entered a convent; her mother died soon after of natural causes, leaving the novice an orphan.

At age twelve Euphrasia was ordered by the emperor Aracdius, successor to Theodosius, to marry the senator's son as arranged. Euphrasia requested that she be relieved of the marriage arrangement, that the emperor sell off her family property, and that he use the money to feed the poor and buy the freedom of slaves. Arcadius agreed, and Euphyrasia spent her life in the Egyptian convent.

Noted for her prayer life, and constant self-imposed fasting; she would sometimes spend the day carrying heavy stones from one place to another to exhaust her body and keep her mind off temptations. She suffered through gossip and false allegations, much of it the result of being a foreigner in her house. She is held up as a model by Saint John Damascene.

Born

380

Died

420 of natural causes

Blessed Josep Olivé Vivó

Also known as

• Bartolomeo della Passione

• Bartomé de la Pasión

• Bartomeu of the Passion

• José Olivé Vivó

Profile

Son of Magí Olivé Rovira and Antonia Vivó Montagut; his father died when Josep was still a little boy, and he grew up learning and running the family wine, almond and hazelnut business. As he grew into an adult, Josep felt a call to religious life, and when he was about 25 years old, he left the family business and joined the Discalced Carmelites at the convent in Tarragona, Spain. He made his profession on 25 November 1921, taking the name Bartolomeo della Passione.

Assigned to the Carmelite community in Badalona, Catalonia, Spain, in addition to the requirements of religious life, he worked as a bricklayer on the construction of the church and convent being built there. Led the founding of the Sanctuary of Santa Teresa del Niño Jesús, the first Carmelite community in Lleida, Spain in 1928. Served as secretary on the Carmelite magazine "Lluvia de Rosas". Martyred in the Spanish Civil War by militia units for the offense of being a Carmelite.

Born

14 September 1894 in Pla de Cabra, Tarragona, Spain

Died

24 July 1936 in Almacelles, Lleida, Spain

Beatified

• 13 October 2013 by Pope Francis

• beatification celebrated at the Complex Educatiu, Tarragona, Spain, Cardinal Angelo Amato presiding

Blessed Teresa of the Child Jesus and of Saint John of the Cross

Also known as

Eusebia García y García

Profile

Second of eight children born to Juan and Eulalia. As a child, she would often visit her uncle Florentino, a priest who was later martyred in the Spanish Civil War At age nine she made personal vows of chastity and devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and in 1918 she moved to an Ursuline boarding school. Having read Story of a Soul by Saint Therese of Lisieux, she felt drawn to the Caremelite life, and on 2 May 1925 she became a Discalced Carmelite at the Carmel of San José de Guadalajara, taking the name Teresa of the Child Jesus and of Saint John of the Cross. Organist. Made her solemn vows on 6 March 1930. She spent her free time in Eucharistic adoration, "sunbathing" she said, in its light while she prayed for priests and conversions. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War. The mob that murdered her offered her freedom if she would say "Viva el Comunismo!" ("Long live Communism"); she answered "Viva Christo Rey!" (Long live Christ the King!).

Born

5 March 1909 at Mochales, Guadalajara, Spain

Died

shot and stabbed on the street by Communists on 24 July 1936 in Guadalajara, Spain

Beatified

29 March 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Gleb

Also known as

Glev, David

Profile

Son of Saint Vladimir I of Kiev and Anne of Constantinople, Duke of Muscovy. Brother of Saint Boris; great-grandson of Saint Olga of Kiev.

After Vladimir's death, the kingdom was to have been divided among his sons, but their eldest half-brother, Svyatopolk, wished to rule alone. An army gathered to defend Boris, but he called them off, explaining that he could not raise a hand against his brother; Boris was soon killed by Svyatopolk's followers. Svyatopolk invited Gleb to Kiev, but on the way, his boat was boarded on the Dnieper River near Smolensk, and he was killed. In 1020 another of Vladimir's sons, Yaroslav, usurped Svyatopolk, and then buried the bodies of Boris and Gleb in the church of Saint Basil at Vyshgorod. Miracles were reported at their tomb, and it became a site of pilgrimage.

From the first, the highest motives were attributed to the brothers' resignation - unwillingness to repel injustice to themselves by force and violently oppose an elder brother. Not martyrs in the traditional sense, the Russian Church perceived them as "passion bearers" - blameless men who did not wish to die but refused to defend themselves, thus voluntarily submitting to death like Christ.

Died

stabbed in the throat between 1010 and 1015 (sources vary)

Canonized

1724 by Pope Benedict XIII (cultus confirmed)

Patronage

princes

Saint Kinga

Also known as

Cunegunda, Cunegunde, Cunegundes, Kioga, Kunegunda, Kunigunda, Kunigunde, Zinga

Profile

Daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina; sister of Saint Margaret of Hungary and Blessed Jolenta of Poland; niece of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary; great-niece of Saint Hedwig of Andechs. Reluctant member of Polish royalty when she married Prince Boleslaus V, but it was a political marriage, and the pious couple lived as brother and sister; when Boleslaus became Prince of Cracow, became a princess of Poland. Noted for her charity to the poor and personal care for lepers. Founded a Poor Clare convent in Stary Sacz, Poland. Widowed in 1279, she gave away her wealth and retired to the convent as a prayerful Franciscan tertiary, turning her back completely on governance and worldly life.

Born

1224 in Buda, Hungary

Died

24 July 1292 in the convent at Stary Sacz, Malopolskie, Poland of natural causes

Beatified

• 11 June 1690 by Pope Alexander VIII (cultus confirmation)

• 3 July 1998 by Pope John Paul II (decree of heroic virtues after the Cause was re-opened)

Canonized

16 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II

Saint John Boste

 புனிதர் ஜான் போஸ்ட் 

(St. John Boste)

இங்கிலாந்து மற்றும் வேல்ஸ் நாடுகளின் நாற்பது மறைசாட்சிகளுள் ஒருவர்:

(Forty Martyrs of England and Wales)

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1544

வெஸ்ட்மோர்லேண்ட்

(Westmorland)

இறப்பு: ஜூலை 24, 1594

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: 1929

திருத்தந்தை பதினோராம் பயஸ்

(Pope Pius XI)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: 1970

திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பவுல்

(Pope Paul VI)

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஜூலை 24

புனிதர் ஜான் போஸ்ட், ஒரு ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் புனிதரும், இங்கிலாந்து மற்றும் வேல்ஸ் நாடுகளின் நாற்பது மறைசாட்சிகளுள் ஒருவருமாவார்.

ஜான் போஸ்ட், கி.பி. 1544ம் ஆண்டு, வடமேற்கு இங்கிலாந்தின் (north west England) “வெஸ்ட்மோர்லேண்ட்” (Westmorland) வரலாற்றுப் பிராந்தியத்தின் “டஃப்ஃபொன்” (Dufton) நகரிலே பிறந்தவராவார். நிலச்சுவான்தாரான இவரது தந்தையின் பெயர், “நிக்கோலஸ் போஸ்ட்” (Nicholas Boste) ஆகும். இவரது தாயாரின் பெயர், “ஜேனேட் ஹட்டன்” (Janet Hutton) ஆகும். இவர் “ஆப்பிள் கிராம்மர் பள்ளியிலும்” (Appleby Grammar School) “ஆக்ஸ்போர்டிலுள்ள” (குயின்ஸ் கல்லூரியிலும்” (Queen's College, Oxford) கல்வி கற்று இளங்கலை மற்றும் முதுகலை பட்டங்களை வென்ற இவர், அதே கல்லூரியிலேயே கி.பி. 1572ம் ஆண்டு ஒரு அங்கத்தினரானார். இரண்டு வருடங்களின் பின்னே, அரசி எலிசபெத்தின் சாசனத்தின் கீழே, தாம் கற்ற அதே “ஆப்பிள் கிராம்மர் பள்ளியின்” (Appleby Grammar School) தலைமை ஆசிரியராக பதவியேற்றார்.

கி.பி. 1576ம் ஆண்டு கத்தோலிக்கராக மனம் மாறிய இவர், இங்கிலாந்தை விட்டு வெளியேறி, கி.பி. 1581ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் மாதம், ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டின் “கிரேண்ட் எஸ்ட்” (Grand Est) பிராந்தியத்தின் “ரெய்ம்ஸ்” (Reims) நகரில் குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார்.

கி.பி. 1581ம் ஆண்டு, ஏப்ரல் மாதமே இங்கிலாந்து திரும்பிய போஸ்ட், “டர்ஹாம்” (County Durham) மாகாணத்திலுள்ள “ஹர்ட்ல்பூல்” (Hartlepool) எனும் நகரில் இறங்கினார். அங்கிருந்து “ஈஸ்ட் ஏங்க்லியா” (East Anglia) நகர் சென்றார். லண்டனில் வந்திறங்கிய அவர் வடக்கிற்குத் திரும்புவதற்கு முன்பு “லார்டு மொண்டாகுட்” (Lord Montacute) என்பவரின் கத்தோலிக்கக் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த ஒரு பணியாளராக நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். அவர் வடக்கு இங்கிலாந்தில் ஒரு மிஷனரி குருவாக பணியாற்றினார். அவருடன் “ஜான் ஸ்பீட்” (John Speed) என்பவர் அடிக்கடி பயணித்தார். (அக்காலத்தில், புனிதர் ஜான் போஸ்ட் மறைந்து வாழவும்,  அவர் தங்க கத்தோலிக்கர்களின் வீடுகளை ஏற்பாடு செய்து தந்தவருமான ஆங்கிலேய கத்தோலிக்க பொதுநிலையினரான “ஜான் ஸ்பீட்” (John Speed), மேற்கண்ட குற்றங்களுக்காக கி.பி. 1594ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம் 4ம் நாளன்று, “டர்ஹாம்” (Durham) நகரில் தூக்கிலிடப்பட்டு மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார். ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை இவரை கி.பி. 1929ம் ஆண்டு அருளாளராக உயர்த்தியது).

இவரது நடவடிக்கைகள், பெரும்பாலும் “லேடி மார்கரெட் நெவில்” (Lady Margaret Neville) என்பவருக்கு சொந்தமான, “டர்ஹாம்” (Durham) நகருக்கு அருகேயுள்ள “பிரன்ஸ்பீத் கோட்டையை” (Brancepeth Castle) மையமாக கொண்டே இருந்தன. ஒரு செயலூக்கமுடைய மிஷனரியான இவரைப் பிடிக்க அதிகாரிகள் மிகவும் ஆர்வமாக இருந்தனர். கி.பி. 1584ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், அரசால் நியமிக்கப்பட்ட உயர்நிலை ஆலோசகர்கள் சபை, அவரை கைது செய்ய ஆற்றல்மிக்க நடவடிக்கைகளை எடுக்க உத்தரவிட்டது. போஸ்ட்டின் சகோதரர் “லாரன்ஸ்” (Laurence) வீட்டில் தேடுதல் நடத்தப்பட்டது. “லார்டு ஹன்டிங்க்டன்” (Lord Huntingdon), இவரை வடக்கின் பெரிய கலைமான் என்று அழைத்தார்.

கி.பி. 1584ம் ஆண்டின் தொடக்கத்தில், “நார்தும்பெர்லேண்ட்” (Northumberland) செல்வதற்கு முன்னர், டிசம்பர் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதங்களில் “கார்லிஸில்” (Carlisle) நகரின் சுற்றுவட்டாரத்தில் தந்தை போஸ்ட் தோன்றினார். பத்து வருடங்கள் தாம் கைது செய்யப்படுவதை தவிர்த்துவந்த தந்தை போஸ்ட், முன்னாள் கத்தோலிக்கர் ஒருவரான “ஃபிரான்ஸ்சிஸ் எக்ல்ஸ்ஃபீல்ட்” (Francis Egglesfield) என்பவரால், கி.பி. 1593ம் ஆண்டு, காட்டிக்கொடுக்கப்பட்டார்.

“நெவில்” (Neville estate) தோட்டத்திலுள்ள “வாட்டர்ஹவுஸில்” (Waterhouse) ஒரு மாபெரும் வெகுஜன திருப்பலியை நிறைவேற்றிவிட்டு வெளியேறும்போது, தம்மை ஆசீர்வதிக்குமாறு தந்தை போஸ்டிடம் “ஃபிரான்ஸ்சிஸ் எக்ல்ஸ்ஃபீல்ட்” (Francis Egglesfield) கேட்டார். போஸ்ட் ஒப்புக் கொண்டபோது, இது அருகிலிருந்து கண்காணித்த படை வீரர்களுக்கு ஒரு அடையாள சமிக்ஞையாக இருந்தது. அவர்கள் வாட்டர்ஹவுஸை ஆக்கிரமித்தபோது, போஸ்ட் நெருப்புக்கு பின்னால் குருக்கள் மறைந்து வாழும் ஒரு துளையில் ஒளிந்திருந்தது கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டது. அவர் கைது செய்யப்பட்டபின், “ரிச்சர்ட் டாப்கிலிஃப்” (Richard Topcliffe) என்பவரால், “லண்டன் கோபுரம்” (Tower of London) சிறைச்சாலைக்கு விசாரணைக்காக அழைத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டார். “டர்ஹாம்” (Durham) நகர் திரும்பிய அவர், அக்கால இங்கிலாந்து மற்றும் வேல்ஸ் நாடுகளில் குற்றவியல் மற்றும் சிவில் வழக்குகளை விசாரிக்கும் “அஸ்ஸிசெஸ்” (Assizes) என்றழைக்கப்படும் நீதிமன்றத்தினால் தண்டிக்கப்பட்டார். (1972ம் ஆண்டு, இந்த “அஸ்ஸிசெஸ்” (Assizes) நீதிமன்றங்கள் கலைக்கப்பட்டு, இவற்றின் சிவில் வழக்குகளை விசாரிக்கும் நடுவர் மன்றங்கள் உயர்நீதிமன்றத்துக்கும் (High Court), குற்ற விசாரணைகள் “கிரவுண்” அல்லது உச்சநீதிமன்றத்துக்கும்” (Crown Court) மாற்றப்பட்டன).

கி.பி. 1594ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 24ம் தேதி, “டிரைபர்ன்” (Dryburn) தூக்கிலிடப்பட்டார். இது தற்போது, “செயிண்ட் லியோனார்ட்” (St. Leonard's school) பள்ளியின் இடமாகும். போஸ்ட், தாம் ஒரு துரோகி என்பதை மறுத்தார். "என் செயல்பாடுகள், ஆன்மாக்களை கவர்வதற்காகத்தான். தற்காலிக படையெடுப்புகளில் தலையிட அல்ல" என்றார். படிக்கட்டுகளில் ஏறும்போதுகூட, ஜெபமாலை உருட்டியபடியேதான் ஏறினார். அசாதாரணமாக, மிருகத்தனமாக தாக்கப்பட்ட அவர், தூக்கிலிடப்பட்டார். துண்டு துண்டாக வெட்டப்பட்ட அவருடைய உடலின் பாகங்கள், கோட்டை சுவர்களின் தொங்கவிடப்பட்டன. அவருடைய தலை, “ஃபிரேம்வெல்கேட்” (Framwellgate Bridge) பாலத்தின் தூண் ஒன்றில் தொங்கவிடப்பட்டிருந்தது.

ஜூலை மாதம் 24ம் தேதி, இவர் நினைவுகூறப்படுகின்றார்.

Also known as

John Boast

Additional Memorial

• 25 October as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 1 December as one of the Martyrs of Oxford University

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Educated at Queen's College, Oxford, England from 1569 to 1572. Fellow at Queen's College. Convert to Catholicism in 1576 at Brome, Suffolk, England. Resigned his position at Oxford, and studied in Rheims, France in 1580. Ordained on 4 March 1581. Returned to England in April 1581 as a missioner to the northern counties, often disguised as a servant in the livery costume of Lord Montacute. Assisted in his mission by Blessed John Speed. He became the object of an intense manhunt, was betrayed by Francis Ecclesfield near Durham, England on 5 July 1593 at the home of one William Claxton, and arrested. He was sent to the Tower of London where he was crippled by being tortured on the rack. Sent to Durham in July 1594, where he was tried for the treason of being a priest. Martyr.

Born

c.1544 at Dufton, Westmoreland, England

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered on 24 July 1594 at Dryburn near Durham, England

Canonized

25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI

Blessed Balduino of Rieti

Also known as

Baldovino, Baldwin, Baudoin, Baudouin

Additioanl Memorials

• 21 August (city and diocese of Rieti, Italy; Bollandists)

• 15 July (Menologium Cisterciense)

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Born to a pious noble family, the son of Berardo X, Count of Marsi; his brother Rainaold became abbot of Montecassino Abbey, and created cardinal by Pope Innocent II in 1138. Benedictine Cistercian monk at Clairvaux Abbey. Spiritual student of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Abbot of San Matteo di Montecchio monastery on Lake Montecchio in 1130. Abbot of the Saint-Sauveur monastery in the diocese of Rieti, Italy.

Born

Italy

Died

• 1140 of natural causes

• buried in the cathedral of Rieti, Italy

• some relics in the altar of the "delle Grazie" chapel of the cathedral

• skull housed in a silver reliquary bust depicting Blessed Baudoin that is one of several displayed at the high altar of the cathedral

Beatified

an Office with his history was approved by the Sacred Congregation of Rites in 1701

Saint Christina of Tyre

புனித கிறிஸ்டினா (மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டு)

இவர் தீர் என்ற பகுதியைச் சார்ந்தவர். இவரது தந்தை அப்பகுதியின் ஆளுநராக இருந்தார். 

கிறிஸ்டினாவின் குடும்பம் கிறிஸ்துவை அறியாத பிற இனத்தைச் சார்ந்த குடும்பமாக இருந்தது. பதினொரு வயதில்தான் இவர் கிறிஸ்துவை அறிந்து கொண்டார். 

இச்செய்தியைக் கேள்விப்பட்ட கிறிஸ்டினாவின் தந்தை, இவரை ஓர் அறைக்குள் அடைத்து வைத்து, அறை முழுவதும் பொன்னாலும் வெள்ளியாலும் செய்யப்பட்ட சிலைகளால் நிரப்பினார். அப்படியாவது இவர் கிறிஸ்துவை மறந்து, சிலைகளை வழிபடத் தொடங்குவார் என்று; ஆனால் இவர் அறையிலிருந்த பொன்னாலும் வெள்ளியாலும் செய்யப்பட்ட சிலைகளை உடைத்து, அவற்றை தனது அறைக்கு வெளியே இருந்த ஏழை எளிய மக்களுக்குக் கொடுத்தார்.

இதை அறிந்த இவரது தந்தை இவரைப் பல்வேறு விதமாகச் சித்திரவதை செய்தார். அப்படி இருந்தும் இவர் தன்னுடைய நம்பிக்கையில் உறுதியாக இருந்தார். 

கிறிஸ்டினாவின் தந்தை திடீரென இறந்து போனார். அப்பொழுது இவர் தன்னுடைய பிரச்சனையெல்லாம் முடிவுக்கு வந்துவிட்டது  என நினைத்துக் கொண்டிக்க, இவரது தந்தைக்குப் பின் ஆளுநர் பதவியேற்றுக்கொண்ட தியோன், ஜூலியன் ஆகியோர் இவரை இன்னும் மிகுதியாகச் சித்திரவதை செய்தாரகள். அவர்களுடைய சித்திரவதை தாங்காமல் இவர் தன்னுடைய ஆவியை ஆண்டவரிடம் ஒப்படைத்தார்.

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Young girl imprisoned for her faith. Her mother tried to argue her into making the required pagan sacrifices, but Christina refused, and was executed. Martyr.

Due to the details of her martyrdom, listed below, she's likely a pious fiction, but was highly honoured in Greece for centuries. Her story and that of Christina of Bolsena seem to have been confused and combined in rewrites through the ages.

Born

at Tyre

Died

• a fire was lit under her, raged out of control, killed hundreds of pagan bystanders, but Christina escaped unscathed

• her breasts were cut off, and then milk flowed from them

• her tongue was cut out; she continued to preach, louder, and more clearly and eloquently than ever

• she threw the severed tongue at the judge, who was permanently blinded in one eye

• she was thrown into the sea to drawn; there she was baptized by Jesus, then returned to land by Michael the Archangel

• she was finally shot through the heart with an arrow, which did her in

Blessed Maria Angeles of Saint Joseph

Also known as

Marciana Valtierra Tordesillas

Profile

Youngest of eleven children born to Manual and Lorenza; six of her siblings died in childhood. Her mother died when Marciana was three, and she decided to devote herself to the Blessed Virgin Mary as her new mother. She daily went to Mass, prayed the rosary, and spent hours in Eucharistic adoration. Worked with Father Juan Vicente of Jesus and Mary on the magazine La Obra Máxima (The Ultimate Work) and other projects. She was drawn to religious life, but the care of her father and other family members kept her at home for several years, but on 14 July 1929 she joined the Discalced Carmelites at the Carmel of San José de Guadalajara, taking the name María Angeles of Saint Joseph. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

6 March 1905 at Getafe, Madrid, Spain

Died

shot and stabbed on the street by Communists on 24 July 1936 in Guadalajara, Spain

Beatified

29 March 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Jaume Baríau y Martí

Also known as

• Josep Oriol of Barcelona

• Giuseppe Oriol of Barcelona

Profile

Jaume joined the Capuchin Franciscan Friars Minor in 1906, making his solemn profession on 15 August 1911. Ordained a priest on 29 May 1915. Father Jaume taught liturgy, Hebrew and Church history in the seminary at Sarriá, Barcelona, Spain, living at the Franciscan convent in Manresa. While taking Communion to a Poor Clare nun, Father Jaume was spotted by Communist militiamen, identified as a priest, kidnapped, tortured and murdered. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

25 July 1891 in Barcelona, Spain

Died

shot on 24 July 1936 just outside Manresa, Barcelona, Spain

Beatified

• 6 November 2021 by Pope Francis

• the beatification recognition was celebrated at the Basilica of Santa Maria in Manresa, Spain

Blessed Maria Mercedes Prat

Also known as

• Mercedes of the Sacred Heart

• Mercedes Prat y Prat

• Mercè Prat i Prat

• Maria Mercè of the Sacred Heart

Profile

Baptized on 7 March 1880, and made her First Holy Communion on 30 June 1890. She was a pious child who attended Mass nearly every day. Devoted student, a painter, and she excelled in needlework. Nun, entering the Society of Saint Teresa of Jesus in 1904 in Tortosa, Spain. Assigned to the motherhouse in Barcelona, Spain in 1920. On 19 July 1936 her community was forced by anti-Catholic government authorities to abandon their house and school. Mercedes was arrested and executed for the crime of being a nun.

Born

6 March 1880 in Barcelona, Spain as Mercedes Prat

Died

24 July 1936 at Barcelona, Spain of gun-shot wounds received on 23 July 1936

Beatified

29 April 1990 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Maria Pilar of Saint Francis Borgia

Also known as

Jacoba Martínez García

Profile

Youngest of eleven children born to Gabino Martinez and Luisa Garcia; eight of her siblings died in childhood; her surviving siblings became a priest and a Carmelite nun. Jacoba joined the Discalced Carmelites at the San José de Guadalajara convent on 12 October 1898, taking the name María Pilar of Saint Francis Borgia, making her profession on 15 October 1899. A seamstress and lace maker, noted for her skill in embroidery; she devoted all her needle work efforts to the glory of God. Sacristan of her house. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

30 December 1877 at Tarazona, Zaragoza, Spain

Died

shot and stabbed on the street by Communists on 24 July 1936 in Guadalajara, Spain

Beatified

29 March 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Joseph Lambton

Additional Memorial

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Second son of Thomas Lambton of Malton-in-Rydall, Yorkshire, England, and Katharine, daughter of Robert Birkhead of West Brandon, Durham, England. Joseph studied at the English College in Reims, France beginning in 1584, then at the English College in Rome, Italy beginning in 1589. Ordained in 1591. He and Blessed Edward Waterson returned to England to minister to covert Catholics on 22 April 1592 during the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I but were almost immediately arrested, imprisoned and executed for the crime of being a priest. Martyr.

Born

1568 in Malton, North Yorkshire, England

Died

hanged, drawn and quartered on 24 July 1592 in Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Cecilio Vega Domínguez

Also known as

Caecilius

Additional Memorial

28 November as one of the Oblate Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War

Profile

Born to a poor but pious farm family, one of nine children born to Juan and Micaela. Joined the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate on 14 August 1930, and made his perpetual vows on 23 December 1934. Studied in Pozuelo, Spain. Sub-deacon studying for the priesthood when he was martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

8 September 1913 in Villamor de Órbigo, diocese of Astorga, León, Spain

Died

shot at dawn on 24 July 1936 in Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain

Beatified

17 December 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI

Saint Arnulf of Gruyere

Also known as

Arnulfus, Arnulphus

Profile

A pious youth. As soon as he was old enough, Arnulf left home to make an endless pilgrimage to shrines and relics throughout France. While on the road, he was beset by thieves who were certain he was hiding money; he wasn't. They beat him to the point that he lived long enough to be brought to the town of Gruyere, France and receive Communion one last time.

Born

Lorraine (in modern France)

Died

• beaten to death with sticks in a forest in Gruyere, Champagne, France

• relics re-discovered and enshrined in Mouzon, Champagne, France in 901

Saint José Fernández de Ventosa

Also known as

Joseph Fernandez

Additional Memorial

24 November as one of the Martyrs of Vietnam

Profile

Dominican priest. Missionary to Vietnam in 1805. Provincial vicar at Tonkin. Martyr.

Born

3 September 1775 at Ventosa de la Cueva, ávila, Spain

Died

beheaded on 24 July 1838 in Nam Ðinh, Vietnam

Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Donatus of Urbino

Also known as

Donato

Profile

Born to a wealthy and socially prominent family, the son of a lawyer. Studied at the University of Padua. Physician. Franciscan friar. Franciscan Provincial for the Marches on five separate occasions.

Born

15th century in Urbino, Italy

Died

• 1504 in the Franciscan monastery of San Bernardino, Urbino, Italy of natural causes

• interred under the altar of the monastery church

Blessed Louise of Savoy

Also known as

Luisa

Profile

Born to the nobility, the daughter of Blessed Amadeus IX, the duke of Savoy. Cousin of Saint Joan of Valois. Married to Hugh of Châlons in 1479. Widowed in 1489. Joined the Poor Clares at Orbe (in modern Switzerland), and was assigned to beg food for her house.

Born

28 December 1462

Died

1503 of natural causes

Beatified

1839 by Pope Gregory XVI (cultus confirmed)

Saint Declan of Ardmore

Also known as

Déaglán

Profile

A convert, he was baptized by and became a spiritual student of Saint Colman. Monk. Trained as an evangelist by Saint Diomma of Kildimo. Worked in Ireland before the arrival of Saint Patrick. Pilgrim to Rome, Italy. First bishop of Ardmore, Waterford, Ireland. Known as a miracle worker.

Born

5th century at Desi, Waterford, Ireland

Patronage

• Ardmore, Ireland

• diocese of Waterford and Lisman, Ireland

Blessed Cándido Castán San José

Additional Memorial

28 November as one of the Oblate Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War

Profile

Married layman. Martyr.

Born

5 August 1894 in Benifaió, Valencia, Spain

Died

shot on 24 July 1936 in Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain

Beatified

17 December 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI

Blessed Xavier Bordas Piferrer

Profile

Born to a pious family. Joined the Salesians in 1932. Studied at the Gregorian University in Rome, Italy. Priest. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

4 September 1914 in San Pol de Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Died

shot on 23 July 1936 in Sarria, Barcelona, Spain

Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Robert Ludlam

Additional Memorials

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.

Born

c.1551 in Radborne, near Derby, Derbyshire, England

Died

24 July 1588 in Derby, Derbyshire, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Richard Simpson

Memorial

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.

Born

c.1554 in Well, near Ripon, North Yorkshire, England

Died

24 July 1588 in Derby, Derbyshire, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Nicholas Garlick

Memorial

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.

Born

c.1555 in Dinting, Derbyshire, England

Died

24 July 1588 in Derby, Derbyshire, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed José Máximo Moro Briz

Profile

Priest in the diocese of ávila, Spain. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

29 May 1882 in Santibáñez de Béjar, Salamanca, Spain

Died

24 July 1936 in the Cebreros highway, El Tiemblo, ávila, Spain

Beatified

• 27 October 2013 by Pope Francis

• beatification recognition celebrated at Tarragona, Spain

Blessed Paulus Yi Do-gi

Additional Memorial

20 September as one of the Martyrs of Korea

Profile

Layman martyr in the apostolic vicariate of Korea.

Born

1743 in Cheongyang, Chungcheong-do, South Korea

Died

24 July 1798 in Jeongsan, Chungcheong-do, South Korea

Beatified

15 August 2014 by Pope Francis

Saint Boris of Kiev

Also known as

Romanus

Profile

Son of Saint Vladimir, Duke of Muscovy. Grandson of Saint Olga of Kiev. Brother of Saint Gleb. Martyr.

Died

1010

Canonized

1724 by Pope Benedict XIII (cultus confirmed)

Patronage

• Moscow, Russia

• princes

• Russia

Blessed Pierre de Barellis

Profile

Born to the French nobility. Mercedarian friar. Served as the attorney general of his Order. Papal legate. Created cardinal-deacon by Pope Nicholas IV.

Died

• Ascoli Piceno, Italy of natural causes

• buried in Ascoli Piceno

Blessed Juan Solorzano

Profile

Mercedarian friar in Fuentes, Spain. Missionary, sailing to Cuba with Christopher Columbus. There he converted many and built several monasteries. Martyr, possibly the first Christian killed for his faith in the New World.

Died

c.1500 in Cuba

Saint Rainofle

Also known as

Rainofre, Ragnulph

Profile

Relative of Pepin, Mayor of the Palace to King Dagobert, and a member of the Dagobert court. Wishing to devote herself to God, she fled the court to avoid an arranged marriage and died from exposure.

Died

• from exposure in modern France

• relics venerated in Aincourt, France

Blessed Diego Martinez

Profile

Mercedarian friar in Spain. Came to the Americas with Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro. Missionary in Panama, and then in Cuzco, Peru. Martyr.

Died

1536 in Peru

Saint Godo of Oye

Also known as

Gaon

Profile

Nephew and spiritual student of Saint Wandrille. Benedictine monk under Wandrille at Fontenelle Abbey. Founder and abbot of Oye Abbey at Sezanne-en-Brie, France.

Born

at Verdun, France

Died

c.690 of natural causes

Saint Rufinus of Mercia

Also known as

Ruffin of Mercia

Profile

Seventh century prince, born to the royal family of Mercia, England. Baptised by Saint Chad. Murdered by his pagan father. Martyr.

Died

at Stone, Staffordshire, England

Saint Cyriacus of Ziganeos

Profile

One of seven Christian brothers who were soldiers in the imperial Roman army. Kicked out of the military, exiled and eventually martyred in the persecutions of Maximian.

Died

c.311 at Ziganeos

Saint Sigolena of Trocar

Also known as

Segoulème

Profile

Born to the nobility of Aquitaine (in modern France). Married. Widow. Nun and later abbess at Troclar Convent in southern France.

Died

c.769

Saint Wulfhad of Mercia

Profile

Seventh century prince, born to the royal family of Mercia, England. Baptised by Saint Chad. Murdered by his pagan father. Martyr.

Died

at Stone, Staffordshire, England

Saint Christiana

Also known as

Christine

Profile

Anglo-Saxon princess. Nun in Flanders, Belgium.

Born

7th century England

Died

Flanders, Belgium

Patronage

Termonde, Belgium

Saint Victorinus of Amiterno

Profile

Martyr.

Died

on the Via Salaria, Amiterno, Italy

Saint Lewina of Seaford

Profile

Fifth-century nun, martyr by pagan Saxon invaders, and venerated in Seaford, Sussex, England.

Born

British Isles

Saint Aliprandus of Pavia

Also known as

Leuprandus

Profile

Eighth century abbot of Saint Augustine's Abbey in Pavia, Italy.

Saint Ursicinus of Sens

Profile

Bishop of Sens, France. Fought Arianism in his diocese.

Died

c.380

Saint Menefrida

Profile

No details have survived.

Died

5th century

Patronage

Tredresick, Cornwall, England

Saint Antinogenes of Merida

Profile

Martyr.

Died

304 in Merida, Estremadura, Spain

Saint Stercatius of Merida

Profile

Martyr.

Died

304 in Merida, Estremadura, Spain

Saint Aquilina the Martyr

Profile

Sister of Saint Niceta. Third-century convert. Martyr.

Saint Victor of Merida

Profile

Martyr.

Died

304 in Merida, Estremadura, Spain

Saint Vincent of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

outside the walls of Rome, Italy

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் ஜீலை 23

 St. Apollinaris

Feastday: July 23

Death: 1st century

July 20 (in Roman Rite of Catholic Church)

July 23 (pre-1969 General Roman Calendars, Eastern Orthodox Church)

Bishop, martyr, and possible disciple of St. Peter. Apollinaris was born in Antioch, Turkey, and became the first bishop of Ravenna, in Italy. He suffered exile because of his preaching and converts. When Emperor Vespasian banished Christians, Apollinaris was beaten by a mob and reputedly died soon after from his wounds. His shrine in the Benedictine Abbey of Classe in Ravenna was once a popular pilgrimage destination. Apollinaris was credited with many miracles. He also appeared to St. Romuald, the founder of the Camaldolese. He is patron of Ravenna, Burthscheid, Aachen, Remagen, and Düsseldorf, and he is invoked against gout, epilepsy, and diseases of the sexual organs. Apollinaris is depicted as a bishop in liturgical art. His cult was confined to local calendars in 1969.

Feast day

In the Tridentine Calendar his feast day is July 23, the day he is alleged to have been martyred.[1] The present General Roman Calendar devotes this day to Saint Bridget of Sweden, since it is also the day she died and she is now better known in the West than Saint Apollinaris, being one of the patron saints of Europe. Owing to the limited importance of Saint Apollinaris' feast worldwide, his liturgical celebration was in 1969 removed from the General Roman Calendar, but not from the Roman Martyrology, the official list of saints.[5] His memorial was restored to the General Roman Calendar in the 2002 edition of the Roman Missal, with the date of celebration changed to July 20, the nearest day not taken up with other celebrations. The Roman Martyrology mentions Saint Apollinaris both on July 20 (with the above-quoted text) and also more briefly[a] on July 23.

St. Liborius of Le Mans

Feastday: July 23

Patron: against calculi; against colic; against fever; against gall stones; Paderborn Cathedral; Paderborn

Death: 390

Patron saint of Paderborn, Germany, and the bishop of Le Mans, France. His cult is now confined to local calendars.

Liborius of Le Mans (c. 348–397) was the second Bishop of Le Mans. He is the patron saint of the cathedral and archdiocese of Paderborn in Germany. The year of his birth is unknown; he died in 397, reputedly on 23 July.[2]

Le Mans and Paderborn

As for other fourth-century saints, little is known of his life. He was a Gaul, influenced by Latin culture. He is said to have been Bishop of Le Mans for 49 years. He built some churches in its neighbourhood, an indication that his missionary activity was limited to the Gaul of his time. He is said to have ordained, in the course of 96 ordinations, 217 priests and 186 deacons. Saint Martin of Tours assisted him when he was dying. He was buried in the Apostle Basilica of Le Mans, beside his predecessor, Julian, the founder of the bishopric.[2]

Miracles are said to have occurred at his tomb. In 835 Bishop Aldrich placed some relics of his body into an altar in the cathedral, and in the following year, on the instructions of Emperor Louis the Pious, sent the body to Bishop Badurad of Paderborn [de], a diocese founded in 799 by Pope Leo III and Emperor Charlemagne that had no saint of its own.[2]

From this arose a "love bond of lasting brotherhood" that has survived all the hostilities of the succeeding centuries and is considered to be the oldest contract still in force. Both churches bound themselves to help each other by prayer and material assistance, as they have in fact done on more than one occasion.[2]

In view of the power that veneration of Saint Liborius has had in binding peoples together, Archbishop Johannes Joachim Degenhardt of Paderborn established in 1977 the Saint Liborius Medal for Unity and Peace, which is conferred every five years on someone who has contributed to the unity of Europe on Christian principles.[2]

Patronage and symbology

Since Liborius died in the arms of his friend Martin of Tours, he is looked to as a patron of a good death. Since the thirteenth century he is prayed to for assistance against that gallstones that are caused by the water of the limestone area; the first account of a healing of this kind concerns the cure of Archbishop Werner von Eppstein, who came on pilgrimage to the saint's shrine in 1267. This is the origin of the saint's attribute of three stones placed on a copy of the Bible. In the same period he became the patron of the cathedral and the archdiocese, rather than the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Kilian, who were previously in first place. And as stated above, he is seen as a patron of peace and understanding among peoples.[2] He is invoked against colic, fever, and gallstones.

As well as being shown as a bishop carrying small stones on a book, Saint Liborius is also shown with the attribute of a peacock, because of a legend that, when his body was brought to Paderborn, a peacock guided the bearers.

The popularity of the saint in Paderborn is shown in the week-long yearly festival that begins on the Saturday after his 23 July feast day.[2]

Liturgy

St Liborius is a recognized saint of the Roman Catholic Church,[3] but his feast day was not included in the Tridentine Calendar. It was added in 1702 as a commemoration within the 23 July celebration of Saint Apollinaris of Ravenna. The 1969 Mysterii Paschalis revision judged that he was not of sufficient universal importance for insertion in the General Roman Calendar and that it should be left to local calendars to include him.

Saint Bridget of Sweden

புனித பிரிஜித்தா (St.Bridget)

இவர் தனது 14 ஆம் வயதி லேயே ஸ்வீடன் நாட்டு அரசர் மாக்னஸ்(Magnes) என்பவரை திருமணம் செய்தார். பின்னர் 8 பிள்ளைகளைப்பெற்று தாயானார். தன் பிள்ளை களை ஆன்மீக காரியங்களில் ஈடுபடுத்தி வளர்த்தார். சிறுவயதிலிருந்தே இறைவன் மீது தணியாத தாகம் கொண்டு வாழ்ந்தார். திருமணத்திற்கு பின்னும் ஆலயப் பணிகளில் தன்னை ஈடுபடுத்திகொண்டு, பல துறவற சபைகளுக்கு உதவி செய்தார். அப்போது தன் கணவர் இறந்துவிடவே, தன்னை புனித பிரான்ஸ்கன் 3 ஆம் சபையில் இணைத்துக்கொண்டு ஆன்ம வாழ்வில் வளர்ந்து, பிறருக்கு வழிகாட்டியாகவும் இருந்தார். இளம் வயதிலிருந்தே கடுமையான தவ வாழ்வில் வளர்ந்த இவர் சபையில் சேர்ந்தபின்னும் அதை மிக கடுமையாக கடைபிடித்து வாழ்ந்தார்.

இவர் அரசர் மனைவி என்பதால், கணவருக்கு சொந்தமான சொத்துக்கள் அனைத்தும் இவருக்கே கொடுக்கப்பட்டது. இவர் அவை அனைத்தையும் வைத்து இவர் பெயரில் ஒரு துறவற மடத்தை நிறுவினார். அதன்பிறகு உரோமைக்கு சென்று, அந்நாட்டில் உள்ள மக்களுக்கு ஆன்ம வாழ்வில் எடுத்துக்காட்டாய் வாழ்ந்தார். தான் மேற்கொண்ட கடுந்தவத்தின் காரணமாய், பல நாட்டிற்கு திருப்பயணம் சென்றார். அப்பயணங்களில் பல நூல்களையும் எழுதினார். இளம் வயதிலிருந்தே இறைவனிடமிருந்து தான் பெற்ற காட்சிகள் அனைத்தையும், புத்தகங்களில் வடிவமைத்தார். 

புனிதர் பிரிட்ஜெட், ஒரு ஆன்ம பலம் கொண்ட கைம்பெண்ணும், புனிதரும் ஆவார். இருபதே வயதான தமது கணவரின் மரணத்தின் பின்னர், “ப்ரிட்ஜெட்டைன்ஸ் அருட்சகோதரியர் மற்றும் துறவியர்” (Bridgettines nuns and monks) எனும் பெயர்கொண்ட துறவற சபையை தோற்றுவித்தார். ஸ்வீடனுக்கு வெளியே, “நெரீஷியாவின் இளவரசி” (Princess of Nericia) என்று அறியப்பட்ட இவர், “புனிதர் கேதரினின்” (St. Catherine of Sweden) தாயாருமாவார். இவற்றின் காரணமாகவே இவர் “ஸ்வீடனின் பிரிட்ஜெட்” (Bridget of Sweden) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகின்றார். ஐரோப்பாவின் பாதுகாவலர்களான ஆறு புனிதர்களான "நர்சியாவின் பெனடிக்ட்" (Benedict of Nursia), "சிரில் மற்றும் மெத்தோடியஸ்" (Saints Cyril and Methodius), "சியன்னாவின் கேதரின்" (Catherine of Siena), "எடித் ஸ்டீன்" (Edith Stein) ஆகியோருள் இவரும் ஒருவர் ஆவார்.

“பிர்ஜிட்டா பிர்கேர்ஸ்டாட்டர்” (Birgitta Birgersdotter) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட பிரிட்ஜெட், கி.பி. 1303ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூன் மாதம், பிறந்தவர் ஆவார். தமது 14ம் வயதிலே “நார்கே” பிராந்திய பிரபுவான (Lord of Närke) “உல்ஃகுட்மார்ஸ்ஸோன்” (Ulf Gudmarsson) என்பவரை திருமணம் செய்தார். நான்கு ஆண் குழந்தைகளும், நான்கு பெண் குழந்தைகளுமாக 8 குழந்தைகளுக்கு தாயானார். ஸ்வீடனின் புனிதர் கேதரின் (St. Catherine of Sweden) இக்குழந்தைகளில் ஒருவராவார். தன் பிள்ளைகளை ஆன்மீக காரியங்களில் ஈடுபடுத்தி வளர்த்தார். சிறுவயதிலிருந்தே இறைவன் மீது தணியாத தாகம் கொண்டு வாழ்ந்தார். திருமணத்திற்கு பின்னும் ஆலயப் பணிகளில் தன்னை ஈடுபடுத்திக் கொண்டு, பல துறவற சபைகளுக்கு உதவி செய்தார். இவர் தமது தொண்டுப்பணிகளுக்காக நன்கு அறியப்படுபவர் ஆவார்.

கி.பி. 1341ம் ஆண்டு, பிரிட்ஜெட் தமது கணவருடன் ஸ்பெயின் நாட்டின் வடமேற்கு பிராந்தியமான “கலீசியாவின்” (Galicia) தலைநகரான “சாண்டியாகோ டி கம்போஸ்டெல்லாவிற்கு” (Santiago de Compostela) புனித பயணம் சென்றார். கி.பி. 1344ம் ஆண்டு, புனித பயணத்திலிருந்து திரும்பி வந்த சிறிது காலத்திலேயே இவரது கணவர் மரித்துப்போனார். கணவரின் மரணத்தின் பின்னர், தம்மை ஃபிரான்ஸிஸ்கன் 3ம் நிலை சபையில் (Third Order of St. Francis) இணைத்துக்கொண்டு ஆன்மீக வாழ்வில் தம்மை அர்ப்பணித்தார். இளம் வயதிலிருந்தே கடுமையான செபம் மற்றும் தவ வாழ்வில் வளர்ந்த இவர், சபையில் சேர்ந்தபின்னும் அதை மிக கடுமையாக கடைபிடித்து வாழ்ந்தார். ஏழை மற்றும் நோயுற்றோருக்கு சேவை புரிவதில் தம்மை முழுதும் அர்ப்பணித்தார்.

பிரிட்ஜெட்டுக்கு 7 வயது முதலே ஆண்டவர் இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவின் சிலுவைப்பாடுகளின் தரிசனம் கிட்டியது. அவருக்கு கிட்டிய இறைவனின் தரிசனங்களே அவரது நடவடிக்கைகளுக்கு அடிப்படையாக அமைந்தன. எப்பொழுதும் ஆன்மீக அன்பைக் காட்டிலும் தொண்டுப் பணிகள் மீது கவனம் செலுத்தினார்.

கி.பி. 1350 – ஒரு ஜூபிலி ஆண்டில் (Jubilee Year), ஐரோப்பா முழுதுமே பிளேக் நோயால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்த வேளையில், தைரியமாக ரோம் பயணித்தார். இருப்பினும் அவர் தமது நாடான ஸ்வீடனுக்கு திரும்பவேயில்லை. கடன்களாலும், திருச்சபை முறைகேடுகளுக்கு எதிரான அவரது பணிகளுக்கு எதிர்ப்பினாலும், மகிழ்ச்சி என்பது அவருக்கு இல்லாமலேயே போனது.

புனித நாட்டிற்கு பயணம் செய்யும்போது தன்னுடைய மகன்களில் ஒருவர் இறந்துவிட்ட செய்தியை கேட்டார். இதனால் மிகவும் மனத்துயர் அடைந்து, புனித நாட்டிற்கு செல்லாமல் மீண்டும் உரோம் நகர் திரும்பினார். தனது மற்ற பிள்ளைகளை சந்திக்க திட்டமிட்டார். ஆனால் அத்திட்டம் நிறைவேறாமல் போகவே, மனத்துயர் அடைந்து நோய்வாய்ப்பட்டு இறைவனடி சேர்ந்தார். இறக்கும்வரை இறைவனை மட்டுமே இறுகப் பற்றிக்கொண்டிருந்தார். இவர் தியானம் செய்யும்போது பலமுறை இயேசுவின் திருப்பாடுகளை காட்சியாக கண்டார்

Also known as

• Bridget of Vadstena

• Birgit, Birgitta, Bridgid, Brigida

Profile

Daughter of Birger Persson, the governor and provincial judge of Uppland, and of Ingeborg Bengtsdotter. Her father was one of the greatest landowners in the country, her mother was known widely for her piety, and the family were descendants of the Swedish royal house. Related to Saint Ingrid of Sweden.

Bridget began receiving visions, most of the Crucifixion, at age seven. Her mother died c.1315 when the girl was about twelve years old, and she was raised and educated by an equally pious aunt. In 1316, at age thirteen, Bridget wed prince Ulfo of Nercia in an arranged marriage. She was the mother of eight, including Saint Catherine of Sweden; some of the other children ignored the Church.

Friend and counselor to many priests and theologians of her day. Chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Blanche of Namur in 1335, from which position she counseled and guided the Queen and King Magnus II. After Ulfo's death in 1344 following a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, Spain she pursued a religious life, for which she was harassed by others at the court. She eventually renounced her title of princess. Franciscan tertiary. Cistercian. Mystic, visionary, and mystical writer. She recorded the revelations given her in her visions, and these became hugely popular in the Middle Ages.

Founded the Order of the Most Holy Savior (Bridgettines) at Vadstena, Sweden in 1346. It received confirmation by Pope Blessed Urban V in 1370, and survives today, though few houses remain. Pilgrim to Rome, to assorted Italian holy sites, and to the Holy Lands. Chastened and counseled kings and Popes Clement VI, Gregory XI, and Urban VI, urging each to return to Rome from Avignon. Encouraged all who would listen to meditate on the Passion, and of Jesus Crucified.

Born

1302 or 1303 at Finsta Castle, Uppsala, Sweden

Died

• 23 July 1373 at Rome, Italy of natural causes

• buried in 1374 at the Vadstena, Sweden convent she had founded

Canonized

7 October 1391 by Pope Boniface IX

Patronage

• Europe

• Sweden

• widows

Blessed Margarita de Maturana

Also known as

• Margarita María

• Margarita María López de Maturana y Ortiz de Zárate

• Margarita Maturana

• Mother Margarita de Maturana

• Mother Maturana

• Pilar López de Maturana Ortiz de Zárate

Profile

Pilar and her twin sister Leonor were the youngest of five children born to Juana Ortiz de Zarate and Vicente Lopez de Maturana. Both girls were known for their piety in their youth, and Leonor eventually joined the Carmelites of Charity. On 10 August 1903, Pilar entered the novitiate of the Vera Cruz Mercedarian Monastery at Berriz, Spain, taking the name Margarita. She taught school and later served as principal. By 1922 her health began to suffer, and she developed a duodenal ulcer that plagued her the rest of her life.

Even within a cloistered contemplative order, Margarita was drawn to missionaries, and every night spent time in prayer for their work; when interest in missionaries developed at her school, she formed a group dedicated to praying for them. She eventually felt the call to move from the contemplative life to missionary work, and to take like minded sisters with her. In September 1924 her house asked the superior general of their order to make the case for them, and on 23 January 1926 they were given approval for an experimental move to the missions. On 5 November 1926 a group reached Wuhu, China, and on 4 March 1928 another arrived in Saipan in the northern Marianas islands. Margarita was named Mother Superior of her house on 16 April 1927. On 11 November 1928 she arrived in Ponape in the Marianas on her first mission trip.

The work that she and her sisters did was so successful that on 17 May 1930 the Sacred Congregation for the Religious approved making the house in Berriz a Missionary Institute. On 30 July 1931 Mother Margarita was chosen first Superior General of Mercedarian Missionaries of Bérriz, a position in which she served her remaining years. She made two more lengthy mission trips to the south Pacific, but the ulcer eventually led to cancer, her health failed, and she returned home for treatment and to run the administration of her house. Today there are over 500 Missionary sisters working all over the planet.

Born

25 July 1884 on the 3rd floor of 52 Tenderia Street, Bilboa, Vizcaya, Spain as Pilar López de Maturana y Ortiz de Zárate

Died

12:15 am on 23 July 1934 at Donostia-San Sebastian, Berriz, Vizcaya, Spain of stomach cancer

Beatified

• 22 October 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI

• recognition celebrated at Santiago Cathedral, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain by Jose Cardinal Saraiva

Blessed Basil Hopko

Also known as

Vasil Hopko

Profile

Son of Anna Petrenko and Basil Hopko, poor, landless peasants. His father died when the boy was just a year old, and when he was four his mother emigrated to the United States to look for work. Educated in Hungary, graduating with honors in 1923. Trained at the Eparchial Seminary, Prjashev, Czechoslovakia. He had dreams of joining his mother in the United States, and of persuing his vocation there, but the cost of recurring health problems left him unable to afford to travel. When he finally decided to serve in his native land, he was suddenly cured, and realized he was been given a sign about his calling. Ordained on 3 February 1929. Parish priest in Prague where he was noted for a mission to the poor, the unemployed, and to students. Taught at the Eparchial Seminary in Prjashev. Awarded the title of Monsignor in 1936. Doctor of Theology in 1940. Auxiliary bishop of Prjashev, Slovakia on 11 May 1947.

Arrested on 28 April 1950 as part of the Communist government's suppression of the Greek Catholic Church. He was kept on starvation rations and tortured for weeks, he was eventually given a show trial and sentenced to 15 years for the "subversive activity" of staying loyal to Rome. He was repeatedly transferred from prison to prison, and continually abused. His health, physical and emotional, failed, and in 1964 he was transferred to a home for the aged and kept under guard there. Though he managed to overcome severe depression, and went on to minister to a group of 120 nuns imprisoned at the home, he never recovered his physical health.

On 13 June 1968 his original eparchy was restored, but a group of activists insisted that a Slovak bishop be appointed to the see; Basil was removed. Deep divisions occured throughout the eparchy, not all of which have yet been settled. Father Basil died without being able to resume leadership of his flock. His death was a direct result of imprisonment, and he is considered one of the many martyred by Communism.

Born

21 April 1904 at Hrabské, Presovský kraj, eastern Slovakia

Died

23 June 1976 at Presov, Presovský kraj, Slovakia

Beatified

14 September 2003 by Pope John Paul II at Bratislava, Slovakia

Ezekiel the Prophet

Also known as

Ezechiel

Article

Prophet, son of Buzi, exiled to Babylon about 598 BC. He began to prophesy five years later and continued for over twenty years. His prophecies form one of the books of the Old Testament and are given in forty-eight chapters. After a vision of the glory of the Lord, under various symbols, he foretells the fall of Jerusalem, its transgression, and the mark of those who are to be saved. He utters the destruction that will come on pagan nations and prophesies the restoration of Theocracy. God will demand penance, triumph over Gog and Magog, and establish a new kingdom of His own in which the city will be called, "The Lord is there" (Ezechiel 48). He is often quoted by Saint John in the Apocalypse; indeed there are many points of similarity between the writings of the Prophet and of the Apostle. He was buried in the sepulchre of Sem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham. Many people were in the habit of going to his tomb to pray. Passages from the prophecy are read in the Divine Office during the first weeks of November.

Blessed Pedro Ruiz de los Paños Angel

Profile

Studied at the seminary in Toledo, Spain. Priest. Joined the Diocesan Laborer Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Administrator of Spanish seminaries in Malaga, Badajoz, Seville and Plasencia, and the Spanish College of Rome, Italy. Director General of the Laborer Priests for three years. Founded the Society for the Promotion of Vocations in Seville to financially support seminarians. Published the periodcal Vocation Pages. Founded the women's congregation Disciples of Jesus in Toledo, Spain in 1934. Martyred by Communists in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

18 September 1881 in Mora, Toledo, Spain

Died

shot on 23 July 1936 in the Paseo del Tránsito in Toledo, Spain

Beatified

1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Lucrecia García Solanas

Profile

Lay woman in the Archdiocese of Barcelona, Spain. Married to José Gaudí Negre on 9 October 1910; they are not known to have had children. Widowed in 1926, she moved to a house just outside the convent of Minim nuns in Barcelona, Spain where her blood sister served as Mother Superior, and where she followed their spirituality and prayer life without taking vows. Kidnapped, tortured and martyred with her sister and eight other nuns by Communist forces in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

15 August 1866 in Aniñón, Zaragoza, Spain

Died

shot on the evening of 23 July 1936 at the Sant Genís dels Agudells highway, Horta, Barcelona, Spain

Venerated

20 December 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI (decree of martyrdom)

Beatified

27 October 2013 by Pope Benedict XVI

Blessed Wojciech Gondek

Also known as

Cristino, Krystyn

Additional Memorial

12 June as one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II

Profile

Joined the Franciscan Friars Minor in 1928, making his solemn profession on 18 April 1933, taking the name Krystyn. Ordained on 21 June 1936, and served as parish priest in Wloclaweck, Poland. Arrested on 26 August 1940, deported, imprisoned, tortured and martyred for his faith by Nazis.

Born

6 April 1909 in Slona, Malopolskie, diocese of Tarnow, Poland

Died

• 23 July 1942 in the Dachau prison camp, Oberbayern, Germany

• body burned in the camp crematorium and his ashes scattered

Beatified

13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Phocas the Gardener

Also known as

• Phocas of Hovenier

• Phocas of Sinope

• Focas, Fokas

Profile

Innkeeper. Gardener. Martyr. Used surplus crops to feed the poor. Even cared for the soldiers sent to execute him for being a Christian; he fed and sheltered them, and dug his own grave.

Died

beheaded c.303 in Sinope, Pontus (in modern Turkey)

Patronage

• against insect bites

• against poisoning

• against snake bites

• agricultural workers, farm workers, farmers, field hands

• boatmen, mariners, sailors, watermen

• gardeners

• husbandmen

• market-gardeners

Blessed Jane of Orvieto

Also known as

• Vanna of Orvieto

• Giovanna of Orvieto

Profile

Born to a peasant family and orphaned at age five. Worked as a seamstress and embroiderer. Refused marriage as a young woman, and became a Dominican tertiary at Orvieto, Italy. Visionary, prophet, known for a life of deep prayer; reputed miracle worker and stigmatist.

Born

c.1264 at Carnaiola, Italy

Died

23 July 1306 of natural causes

Beatified

11 September 1754 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmed)

Patronage

• embroiderers

• seamstresses

• Italian working women (chosen in 1926)

Blessed Josep Sala Picó

Profile

Studied at the seminary of Seo de Urgel. Ordained on 15 April 1911. Member of the Diocesan Laborer Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on 12 August 1914. Director of the seminary of Segovia, Spain. Dean of the College of Vocations in Toledo, Spain. Martyred by Communists in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

24 June 1888 in Pons, Lleida, Spain

Died

shot on 23 July 1936 in the Paseo del Tránsito in Toledo, Spain

Beatified

1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II

Saint John Cassian

Also known as

• John the Roman

• John the Ascetic

Profile

Pilgrim with his friend Germanus to the Holy Lands. Monk in Egypt and Marseilles, France. Studied under Saint John Chrysostom, who ordained him a deacon. Defended Chrysostom in Rome, Italy. Founded the abbey of Saint Victor and a convent at Marseilles. His writings were recommended by Saint Benedict as treatises on the training of monks.

Born

c.360

Died

433 of natural causes

Works

• Conferences

• Institutes

Saint Anne of Constantinople

Also known as

Susanna of Constantinople

Profile

Born an aristocrat, she was orphaned young and inherited a large fortune. Though she spent her money to support the poor, she attracted a steady stream of greedy suitors. To avoid marriage to a man named Agarenus, a union supported by Emperor Basil the Macedonian, Anne fled from Constantinople to Epirus in Leucadia c.869. She lived there the rest of her life as a hermitess.

Born

in 840 in Constantinople

Died

• 918

• may have been martyred in Constantinople, but records are unclear

Blessed Beaudoin of Beaumont

Profile

Premonstratensian friar. Canon on the Norbertine monastery of Notre-Dame, Belval, Argonne, France. Abbot of the house in 1316. A physically small man, he was known as a man of great faith, strict with his own behavior, generous to the poor. Under his leadership, the house became a center for spiritual growth, and many of its brothers became abbots of other houses.

Born

late 13th century France

Died

1348 at the Norbertine monastery of Notre-Dame, Belval, Argonne, France of natural causes

Blessed Emilio Arce Díez

Profile

Baptized at the age of 2 days. Salesian Brother, making his vows in Carabanchel Alto, Madrid, Spain on 16 July 1926. Head tailor for colleges in the La Coruna, Astudillo and Madrid in Spain. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

31 October 1908 in San Martín de Ubierna, Burgos, Spain

Died

shot on 23 July 1936 in Madrid, Spain

Beatified

28 October 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI

Saint Romula of Rome

Profile

Hermitess with Saint Redempta near the church Mary Major in Rome, Italy. Spiritual student of Saint Herundo in Palestine. Helped form a small community of nuns in Rome. Earned the praise of Pope Saint Gregory I the Great. Paralyzed for the last years of her life.

Died

c.580 of natural causes

Patronage

• against bodily ills and sickness

• sick people

Saint Valerian of Cimiez

Also known as

Valerian of Lérins

Profile

Monk at Lérins, France. Bishop of Cimiez, France. Attended the Council of Riez in 439, and the Council of Vaison in 442. Some of his written homilies have survived.

Died

c.460

Blessed Mariano Brandi

Profile

Franciscan tertiary. Noted in Franciscan writings for his effectiveness against demons.

Born

latter 15th century, possibly in Florence, Italy

Died

1525 in Corsica (part of modern France) of natural causes

Saint Severus of Bizye

Also known as

• Severus of Bizia

• Severus of Wiza

Profile

Brought Saint Mennone the Centurian to Christianity. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

Bizye, Thrace (in modern Turkey)

Saint Herundo of Rome

Profile

Hermitess near the church of Saint Mary Major in Rome, Italy with Saint Romula and Saint Redempta. Saint Gregory the Great thought highly of them.

Born

at Rome, Italy

Died

c.580 of natural causes

Saint Rasyphus of Macé

Profile

Fifth-century hermit in northern France. Martyr.

Born

British Isles

Died

• at Macé, France

• relics enshrined in Bayeaux, France

Saint Ravennus of Macé

Profile

Fifth-century hermit in northern France. Martyr.

Born

British Isles

Died

• at Macé, France

• relics enshrined in Bayeaux, France

Blessed Juan de Luca

Profile

Mercedarian friar. In 1343 he freed 116 Christians who had been enslaved in Algiers by Muslims; as he travelled through the region he managed to convert many Muslims to the faith.

Saint Redempta of Rome

Profile

Holy ascetic woman who lived near the church of Saint Mary Major in Rome, Italy.

Died

c.580

Saint Primitiva of Rome

Also known as

Primitia, Privata

Profile

Martyr.

Died

Rome, Italy, date unknown

Saint Theophilus of Rome

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

beheaded c.302 in Rome, Italy

Blessed Juan de Montesinos

Profile

Mercedarian friar. Missionary. Martyr.

Died

shot with arrows in 1619

Saint Trophimus of Rome

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

beheaded c.302 in Rome, Italy

Saint Rasyphus of Rome

Profile

Martyr venerated in Rome, Italy from early times, but no details about him have survived.

Saint Apollonius of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

tied to a stake and shot with arrows

Blessed Leonard da Recanati

Profile

Mercedarian friar. Bishop.

Born

Italy

Saint Conan of Cornwall

Profile

Companion of Saint Petroc in 6th century Cornwall, England.

Saint Eugene of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

beheaded

Martyrs of Barcelona

Profile

Seven Christians, some lay people, some members of the Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and some of the Franciscan Daughters of Mercy, who were martyred in two groups on the same day in the Spanish Civil War.

• Catalina Caldés Socías

• Francesc Mayol Oliver

• Miquel Pons Ramis

• Miquela Rul-Làn Ribot

• Pau Noguera Trías

• Prudència Canyelles Ginestà de Aguadé

• Simó Reynés Solivellas

Died

23 July 1936 in Barcelona, Spain

Beatified

28 October 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI

Martyrs of Bulgaria

Profile

An unknown number of Christians killed for their faith during the 9th century war between the Greek Emperor Nicephorus and the Bulgars.

Martyrs of Carabanchel Bajo

Profile

A group of nine Passionist priests, brothers and clerics who were martyred together in the Spanish Civil War.

• Anacario Benito Nozal

• Felipe Ruiz Fraile

• Felipe Valcobado Granado

• José Osés Sainz

• José Ruiz Martinez

• Julio Mediavilla Concejero

• Laurino Proaño Cuesta

• Manuel Pérez Jiménez

• Maurilio Macho Rodríguez

Died

22 July 1936 in Carabanchel Bajo, Madrid, Spain

Beatified

1 October 1989 by Pope John Paul II

Martyrs of Horta

Profile

A lay woman and nine Minim nuns who were martyred together in the Spanish Civil War.

• Ana Ballesta Gelmá

• Dolors Vilaseca Gallego

• Josefa Pilar García Solanas

• Josepa Panyella Doménech

• Lucrecia García Solanas

• Maria Montserrat Ors Molist

• Mercè Mestre Trinché

• Ramona Ors Torrents

• Teresa Ríus Casas

• Vicenta Jordá Martí

Died

23 July 1936 at the Sant Genís dels Agudells highway, Horta, Barcelona, Spain

Beatified

27 October 2013 by Pope Benedict XVI

Martyrs of Manzanares

Profile

Five Passionist clerics who were martyred together in the Spanish Civil War.

• Abilio Ramos y Ramos

• Epifanio Sierra Conde

• José Estalayo García

• Vicente Díez Tejerina

• Zacarías Fernández Crespo

Died

shot on 23 July 1936 in Manzanares, Ciudad Real, Spain

Beatified

1 October 1989 by Pope John Paul II

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் ஜீலை 22

 St. Joseph of Palestine

Feastday: July 22

Death: 356

A convert from Judaism and patron of St. Eusebius of Vercelli and St. Epiphanus. One tradition states that Joseph was so moved by the deathbed Baptism of the great Jewish rabbi, Hillel, that he became a Christian. His Jewish congregation beat him and threw him in a river, but he still refused to abjure the faith. He was made a comes by Emperor Constantine and built Christian churches in Galilee. Joseph protected St. Eusebius of Vercelli and St. Epiphanus. St. Epiphanius wrote Joseph's biography.

St. Alberic Crescitelli

Feastday: July 22

Birth: 1863

Death: 1900

Canonized: Pope John Paul II

Missionary and martyr. Born near Naples, Italy, Alberic joined the Milan Foreign Missionary Society and was sent to China in 1888. He worked in schools and missions along the Han River until the Boxer Rebellion brought chaos to China. A group of boxers captured Alberic and hacked him to pieces on July 21, 1900. He was beatified in 1951.

Alberico (Alberic) Crescitelli (1863–1900), Chinese name Guo Xide (Chinese: 郭西德), was an Italian Catholic priest and missionary to China. Born in Italy on 30 June 1863, Alberico Crescitelli entered the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions in 1880 and was ordained a priest on 4 June 1887. The following year he went to China and began work in southern Shaanxi.

Crescitelli was believed to have been killed in the Boxer Rebellion. Crescitelli's confreres, who had known him well and for many years, started his beatification cause in 1908, only eight years after his death. The testimony provided by the confreres was unanimous about the holiness of Crescitelli's life.

At the Vatican, in St. Peter's Basilica on 18 February 1951, Pope Pius XII declared Alberico Crescitelli "blessed." The Pope's speech was memorable especially for the passage in which he described Father Crescitelli's martyrdom:

Humanly speaking, his death was horrible; perhaps one of the most atrocious recorded in history. Nothing was missing, neither the cruelty of the torments, nor the time they lasted, the most barbaric humiliations, nor the suffering of the heart, nor the hypocritical betrayal of false friends, nor the hostile and threatening screams of his murderers, nor the darkness of being abandoned.

Pope John Paul II included him in the list of 120 Martyr Saints of China canonized in St. Peter's Square on October 1, 2000.

This large group canonisation was bitterly opposed in China itself, with Bishop Fu Tieshan, the leader of the state-run Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association describing it as "intolerable". A statement released by the Chinese Foreign Ministry alleged that "some of those canonised by the Vatican this time perpetrated outrages such as raping or looting in China and committed unforgivable crimes against the Chinese people." A further statement from China's State Administration of Religious Affairs singled out Alberico Crescitelli for special comment, alleging that he had been "notorious for taking the 'right of the first night' of each bride under his diocese."[1] The Catholic Church's Holy Spirit Study Centre in Hong Kong has described the accusations as baseless.[2]

In his homily at the canonisation ceremony on 1 October 2000, Pope John Paul II made a statement asking for forgiveness for any past wrongs by the missionaries to China: "There are those who with a partial and not very objective reading of history see only limits and errors in their action. If they happened - is there any man exempt from defects? - we ask for forgiveness

Saint Mary Magdalen

புனிதர் மகதலின் மரியாள் 

(St. Mary Magdalene)

அப்போஸ்தலர்களின் அப்போஸ்தலர்:

(Apostle to the Apostles)

பிறப்பு: தகவலில்லை

மகதலா, யூதேயா

(Magdala, Judea)

இறப்பு: தகவலில்லை

பிரான்ஸ் அல்லது எபேசஸ்

(France or Ephesus)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Eastern Orthodox Church)

ஆங்கிலிகன் சமூகம்

(Anglican Communion)

லூதரன் திருச்சபை

(Lutheranism)

மற்ற எதிர் திருச்சபைகள்

(Other Protestant Churches)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: ஜூலை 22

பாதுகாவல்:

மருந்து செய்து விற்பவர்கள்; தியான வாழ்வு வாழ்பவர்கள்; மனம்மாறியவர்கள்; கையுறை செய்பவர்கள்; சிகை அலங்காரம் செய்பவர்கள்; பெண்கள், செய்த பிழைக்கு மனம் வருந்துபவர்கள், இத்தாலியர்.

புனிதர் மகதலின் மரியாள், புதிய ஏற்பாட்டின்படி, இயேசுவின் பிற சீடர்களில் ஒருவராக இயேசுவுடன் பயணித்த யூதப் பெண் ஆவார். இவர், இயேசுவின் சிலுவைப் பாடுகளையும் இறைவனின் உயிர்த்தெழுதலையும் நேரில் கண்டவர் என அறியப்படுகிறது. நான்கு நற்செய்தி நூல்களுல், பிற அப்போஸ்தலர்களைவிட, சுமார் 12 தடவைக்கும் அதிகமாக இவரது பெயர் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ளது.

இவரது பெயர் இவர் பிறந்த ஊரான தற்போதய இசுரேலில் அமைந்துள்ள மகதலாவின் மரியாள் எனப் பொருள்படும்.

இயேசு அவரை "ஏழு அரக்கர்களிடமிருந்து" காப்பாற்றியதாக, (லூக்கா 8:2 & மார்க்கு 16:9) கூறப்படுவது சிக்கலான நோய்களிலிருந்து அவரைக் குணப்படுத்தியதைக் குறிப்பதாக புரிந்துகொள்ளப்படுகிறது. மகதலின் மரியாள் இயேசுவின் கடைசி நாட்களில் - பாடுகள்பட்டு, மரித்து, உயிர்தெழும்வரை கூடவே இருந்தார்; அவரை சிலுவையில் அறைந்தபோது, (அன்பிற்குரிய ஜானைத் தவிர) பிற ஆண் சீடர்கள் ஓடியபோதும், பின்னர் கல்லறையிலும் உடனிருந்தார்.

இவர் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை, கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை, ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம், லூதரன் திருச்சபை மற்றும் பிற எதிர் திருச்சபைகளால் புனிதராக மதிக்கப்படுகிறார். இவரது நினைவுத் திருநாள் ஜூலை 22 ஆகும். மரியாளின் வாழ்க்கை, ஆய்வாளர்களால் தொடர்ந்து சர்சைக்குட்படுத்தப்பட்டு வந்துள்ளது.

புனிதர் லுக்கா எழுதிய நற்செய்தியின் ஏழாம் அதிகாரத்தில் நாம் காணும் பாவியான பெண்ணும், லூக்கா பத்தாம் அதிகாரம், அருளப்பர் பதினோரம் அதிகாரம் ஆகியவற்றில் நாம் காணும் மார்த்தாள் - லாசர் இவர்களுடைய சகோதரியும் இவரேயாவார்.

இவர் வேறு பல புண்ணிய பெண்களோடு இயேசுவைப் பின்சென்று அவருக்கு சேவை செய்து வந்தார். இயேசு தனக்குச் செய்த உதவிகளுக்கு நன்றியாக, இவர் தனது உடமைகளைப் பயன்படுத்தி, அவருக்குச் சேவை செய்தார். சாகும்வரை அவருக்குப் பிரமாணிக்கமாய் இருந்தார்.

மரியாள் ஓர் பெரும்பாவி என்று மக்களால் ஒதுக்கி வைக்கப்பட்டபோது, தன் நிலையை உணர்ந்து அழுது, இயேசுவிடம் ஓடிச்சென்றார். தன் பாவங்களின் பரிகாரமாய் செய்த செயலினால், இயேசுவின் ஆழ்மனதில் இடம்பிடித்தார். அன்னை மரியாளுக்குப் பிறகு, இயேசுவின் அருகில் எப்போதும் அவருக்காக வாழ்ந்தவர்.

"என்னை இப்படி பற்றிக்கொள்ளாதே" என்று ஆண்டவரே கூறுமளவுக்கு, அவர் மேல் அன்புகொண்டவர். இயேசுவைப் பற்றிக்கொள்வதில் அனைவருக்கும் சிறந்த எடுத்துக்காட்டாய் அன்றிலிருந்து இன்றுவரை திகழ்கிறார்.

இயேசு தொங்கிய சிலுவையின் அடியில் இவர் நின்றார்.

கல்லறை வெறுமனே இருப்பதை முதன்முதலில் பார்த்து, இயேசுவை காணவில்லையே என்று ஆதங்கப்பட்டு, கண்ணீர் விட்டு அழுது, இயேசுவை பற்றிக்கொண்டவர் இவர்.

உயிர்த்த இயேசு தம் அன்னைக்கு முதலில் காட்சி கொடுத்தார். அடுத்தபடியாக காட்சி கொடுத்தது இவருக்கே.

யோவான் 20 மற்றும் மார்க்கு 16:9 ஆகிய இரு நற்செய்தியாளர்கள் கூற்றுப்படி, இயேசு உயிர்த்தெழுந்த பிறகு, முதலில் அவரைக் கண்டதும் மகதலின் மரியாளேயாவார்.

உயிர்த்த இயேசுவைக் காணும்வரை இவர் இளைப்பாறவில்லை. "அவரை எங்கே வைத்திருக்கிறீர்கள்? நான் அவரைத் தூக்கிக் கொண்டு செல்வேன்" என்றார். அவரைத் தூக்கிச் செல்ல இவரால் முடியாதென்றாலும், இச்சொற்கள் இவரது அன்பைக் காட்டுகின்றன. இவரை யூதர்கள் நாடு கடத்தினார்கள்.

மார்த்தாள், லாசர் மற்றும் இன்னும் சில சீடர்களுடன் இவர் ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டை அடைந்தார் என பாரம்பரியம்  கூறுகிறது.

அப்போஸ்தலர்களுக்கு அப்போஸ்தலி(திருத்தூதர்களுக்கு திருத்தூதுரைத்தவள்) :

சமீபத்தில் திருத்தந்தை பிரான்சிஸ் மகதலா மரியாளின் நினைவு நாளை அப்போஸ்தலர்களை போலவே திருவிழாவாக மாற்றினார்.[6] அதில் மகதலா மரியாளின் சிறப்பான அப்போஸ்தல பணியானது சுட்டிக்காட்டப்படுகிறது. "ஆண்டவர் இயேசு உயிர்த்தெழுந்தார் " என்பதே கிறிஸ்தவ மறையின் தலையாய விசுவாசமும் நற்செய்தியும் ஆகும்(1 கொரிந்தியர் 15:14). அதை முதன் முதலில் உலகுக்கு அறிவித்தது ஒரு பெண். அவள் தான் மகதலா மரியாள். ஏதேன் தோட்டத்தில், வாழ்வு நிறைந்திருந்த நிலையில் ஏவாள் என்னும் முதல் அன்னை மனிதனுக்கு சாவினை கனி வழியாக அறிவித்தாள். கெத்சமணி தோட்டத்தில் , சாவும் துயரமும் நிறைந்திருந்த நிலையில் மகதலா மரியாள் என்னும் அன்னை மனிதனுக்கு வாழ்வினை நற்செய்தி என்னும் இயேசுவின் கனி வழியாக அறிவித்தாள். இதை புனித தோமா அக்குவினாரும் குறிப்பிட்டுள்ளார். புனிதர்களில் இத்தகு சிறப்பு பெயரை தாங்கியுள்ள ஒருவர் புனித மகதலா மரியாள் என்பது குறிப்பிடப்பட்டது.

இறைஇரக்கத்தின் சாட்சி:

கெத்சமணி தோட்டத்தில் தம் அன்பர் இயேசுவை காணாத மகதலா மரியாள் கண்ணீர் வடித்தாள் என்று திருவிவிலியம் கூறுகின்றது . அவளின் அன்புக்கண்ணீரை புனித அன்ஸ்லம் "தாழ்ச்சியின் கண்ணீர் " என்று குறிப்பிடுகின்றார். மகதலா மரியாளின் அன்பால் கசிந்த கண்ணீரை கண்டு இரங்கிய கிறிஸ்து தன் உயிர்ப்பின் மகிமையில் அவளுக்கு தோன்றினார். தான் படைத்த படைப்பு, தன்னை படைத்தவரை அன்பொழுக தேடும் போது அன்பே உருவான இறைவன் ,எவ்வாறு தன்னை மறைத்துக் கொள்வார் ? புனித பாப்பரசர் பெரிய கிரகோரியார் இதை முன்னிட்டே இறை இரக்கத்தின் சாட்சியென மகதலா மரியாளை கூறுகின்றார்

Also known as

• Maria Maddalena

• Maria Magdalena

• Mary Magdalene

• the Sinner

Profile

We have very little solid information about Saint Mary, and both scholars and traditions differ on the interpretation of what we do know.

She was a friend and follower of Jesus. Filled with sorrow over her sin, she anointed Christ, washed his feet with her hair. He exorcised seven demons from her. She was visited by the Risen Christ.

There are also arguments about her life after the Crucifixion.

The Greek Church maintains that she retired to Ephesus with the Blessed Virgin Mary and lived there the rest of her life.

A French tradition says that Mary, Lazarus, and some companions came to Marseilles, France, evangelized and converted the whole Provence region, and then retired to live 30 years as a penitent hermitess at La Sainte-Baume.

Oh, some things we do know for certain - Mary wasn't Jesus' wife or mistress, she wasn't the mother of His child, she didn't found a royal dynasty or separate branch of Christianity, et cetera, et cetera, ad nauseam.

Died

the Greek Church says

• she died in Ephesus of natural causes

• her relics were transferred to Constantinople in 886 where they remain today

a French tradition says

• as she lay on her death bed, nine angels carried Mary to the oratory of Saint Maximinus in Aix where she received Communion and then died of natural causes

• she was interred in an oratory constructed by Saint Maximinus at Villa Lata (Saint Maximin)

• in 745 her relics were moved to Vézelay to save them from Saracen invaders

• at some point they were moved to a shrine at her hemitage on La Sainte-Baume; they were there in 1279 when King Charles II of Naples funded a Dominican convent on the hill

• in 1600 the relics were placed in a sarcophagus sent by Pope Clement VIII

• in 1814 the church on La Sainte-Baume, wrecked during the anti-Christian excesses of the French Revolution, was restored

• in 1822 the grotto was re-consecrated, still has the head of the saint, and is a pilgrimage centre

Saint Gualtero of Lodi

Also known as

Gautier, Gualtiero, Walter

Profile

The only child of Aliprando and Adelazia, pious parents who were childless so long that they promised God they would devote any child of theirs to the Church. They kept their pledge, giving the boy a good education, and by age fifteen Gualtero was working as a Hospitaller friar in the San Raimondo il Palmerio hospital in Piacenza, Italy, beginning his lifelong devotion to care of the sick and poor. His father died not long after; his mother entered a convent, Gualtero sold off and gave away all their property, and the two devoted themselves to God. Gualtero worked in then San Bartolomeo hospital in Lodi, Italy, living as a sort of anchorite on the grounds. He founded clinics for the poor and pilgrims in the Italian cities of Fanzago, Vercelli, Tortona, Crema and Melegnano. With the financial assistance of the city of Lodi and the archbishop of Milan, Italy, he and a fellow priest founded the Ospitale della Misericordia (Hospital of Mercy) in Lodi, which attracted the services of many brothers, sisters and hermits, and the adjoining church of Saints James and Philip on 30 April 1206. Known for his ascetic life, working and travelling barefoot and dressed in sack cloth, he could heal by prayer and always gave away anything he had that was more than his immediate need.

Born

c.1184 in Lodi, Lombardy, Italy

Died

• c.1224 in Lodi, Lombardy, Italy of natural causes

• buried in the Church of Saints James and Philip in Lodi, which became a pilgrimage site for those who sought aid at the Hospital of Mercy

• on 26 January 1384, some fanatical devotees, aided by some friars of San Biagio, stole his relics and hid them, first in San Biagio, then in the nearby church of Saint Paul; after a few weeks, the relics were returned

• relics re-enshrined in the Church of Saints James and Philip on 18 February 1384

• relics enshrined in the main altar of the cathedral of Lodi in the mid-15th century

• relics re-enshrined in the cathedral c.1600

• relics re-enshrined in the cathedral in 1896

• relics re-enshrined in the cathedral in 1946

• re-interred at the church of Saints James, Philip and Gualtero in Lodi in 1960

Blessed Augustine Fangi

Also known as

• Augustine of Biella

• Agostino Fangi

Profile

Born to wealthy nobility. Joined the Dominicans as a young man, and entered the house in Biella, Italy. Noted for his severe self-imposed penances, and his complete self-control; he once had surgery without anesthetic, and without making an outcry, claming his mind had been on his prayers. Prior of houses in Biella, Socino in 1464, Vercelli, and Vigevano. Miracle worker, whose incidents include

A deformed child, who died without baptism, was restored to life by Augustine's prayer long enough to be baptized.

Augustine met a little boy who was crying because he had broken a jug of wine. Augustine gathered up the shards and put them back together again, and prayed over it; it refilled with wine.

Through his intercession, a woman was delivered from possession of five devils.

Augustine spent his final ten years in the monastery in Venice, Italy.

Born

1430 at Biella, Piedmont, Italy

Died

• 22 July 1493 at Venice, Italy of natural causes

• in the 1530s, workmen found his coffin floating in the water that had seeped into the burial chamber - when opened, Augustine's body and clothing were found to be incorrupt

Beatified

• 1872 by Pope Blessed Pius IX (cultus confirmed)

• 1878 (beatified)

Saint Anna Wang

Additional Memorial

28 September as one of the Martyrs of China

Profile

Born to a poor Christian farm family, Anna's mother, a pious woman, died when the girl was five years old. In addition to her schooling, Anna had to help work the farm to support the family, but her teacher, Sister Lucy Wang, continued the religious education begun by Anna's mother. When she was 11, Anna's family tried to force her into an arranged marriage, but she fought against it. On 21 July 1900, an armed group associated with the anti–Christian, anti-Western Boxer Rebellion entered her village, burned the church, gathered all the Christians, and ordered them to renounce Christianity; many did, usually as a way to save their children, and Anna's step-mother encouraged her to do so. Anna refused, spending her remaining hours in prayer and encouraging others in their faith. Martyr.

Born

c.1886 in Machiazhuang, Weixian, Hebei, China

Died

• beheaded on 22 July 1900 in Machiazhuang, Weixian, Hebei, China

• body dumped in a mass grave

• exhumed on 6 November 1901 and given proper burial

Canonized

1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Manuela de Jesús Arias Espinosa

Also known as

• Sister María Inés Teresa of the Blessed Sacrament

• Manuelita (nickname)

Profile

Fifth of eight children in her family. Nun, entering the monastery of the Hail Mary in Los Angeles, California in 1929, making her perpetual vows on 14 December 1933 and living a cloistered life. Founder of the Congregations of the Poor Clare Missionary Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament in August 1945 in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; it received papal approval in 1949 and 1951. Founder of the Missionaries of Christ for the Universal Church. By the time of her death she was over-seeing 36 missionary houses in 14 countries. Over 6,000 of her writings survive.

Born

7 July 1904 in Ixtlán del Rio, Nayarit, Mexico

Died

22 July 1981 in Rome, Italy of natural causes

Beatified

21 April 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI

Saint Joseph of Palestine

Profile

Jewish layman who was attached to the biblical school of Tiberius, and served as assistant to the famous Rabbi Hillel. Secretly a Christian believer, Hillel was baptized on his death bed, and entrusted his holy books to Joseph. As head of the synagogue in Tarsus, his congregation caught Joseph reading the gospels; they beat him and threw him in the Cydnus River. He then publicly converted.

Friend and counselor to emperor Constantine the Great, who appointed him to the high position of comes. Built churches in Galilee, Tiberias, Nazareth, Capernaum, Bethsan, and Diocaesarea, and evangelized throughout the Holy Land. Fought Arianism, and moved to Scytholopolis where he hid priests from their persecution. Financial patron of Saint Eusebius of Vercielli and Saint Epiphanius; Epiphanius wrote Joseph's biography.

His guardianship of holy writings and holy men led to his association with guardians in general.

Died

c.356 of natural causes at Palestine

Patronage

• converts

• guardians

Saint John Lloyd

Additional Memorial

25 October as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

Profile

Educated at the Royal College of Saint Alban at Valladolid, Spain, entering in 1649. Took the missionary oath on 16 October 1649 to return to England. Sent to Wales in 1654 to minister to covert Catholics, he lived his vocation while constantly on the run for 24 years. Arrested at Penllyne, Glamorganshire, 20 November 1678. Served time in the Cardiff jail with Saint Philip Evans. It took several months before the authorities could find anyone will to testify about the two, but they finally had a trial and condemned them on 5 May 1679 for the treason of Catholic priesthood. One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

Born

at Powys, Wales

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered 22 July 1679 on Gallows Field in Cardiff, Wales

Canonized

25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI

Saint Wandrille of Fontenelle

Also known as

• Vandregisilo

• Vandrille

• Wandregisel

• Wandregisilus

Profile

Member of the court of King Dagobert I. Married. Pilgrim to Rome, Italy, his wife became a nun and Wandrille became a monk at Montfaucon, Switzerland. Spiritual student of Saint Balderic. Hermit at Saint-Ursanne, Jura, France. Monk in Bobbio, Italy. Priest, ordained by Saint Ouen of Rouen. Founded the Abbey of Fontenelle in Normandy, France in 657.

Born

c.600 near Verdun, Austrasia (in modern France)

Died

• 668 of natural causes

• during the Viking invasions, Wandrille's relics were dispersed to assorted church and abbeys

• in the 19th century his skull was found in storage in Liège, Belgium

• skull returned to the Fontenelle Abbey's new church in 1967

Saint Philip Evans

Additional Memorial

25 October as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

Profile

Educated at the college of Saint Omer. Could play the harp, and played tennis. Joined the Jesuits on 7 September 1665. Ordained at Liege, Belgium. Sent to southern Wales in 1675 to minister to covert Catholics. Arrested at Christopher Turberville's house, Sker, Glamorganshire on 4 December 1678 during the increased persecutions following the Titus Oates Plot. When he refused to take the Oath of Supremacy he was imprisoned in Cardiff Castle; he served time with Saint John Lloyd. Condemned on 5 May 1679 in Cardiff for the crime of being a priest. Martyr.

Born

1645 in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered 22 July 1679 on Gallows Field in Cardiff, Wales

Canonized

25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI

Saint Andreas Wang Tianqing

Additional Memorial

28 September as one of the Martyrs of China

Profile

Nine year old boy in Machiazhuang, China. On 21 July 1900, an armed group associated with the anti–Christian, anti-Western Boxer Rebellion entered his village, burned the church, gathered all the Christians, and ordered them to renounce Christianity; many did, usually as a way to save their children who would have been killed, as well. Andreas refused. Martyr.

Born

c.1891 in Weixian, Hebei, China

Died

• beheaded on 22 July 1900 in Machiazhuang, Weixian, Hebei, China

• body dumped in a mass grave

• exhumed on 6 November 1901 and given proper burial

Canonized

1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Lucia Wang Wangzhi

Additional Memorial

28 September as one of the Martyrs of China

Profile

Married and mother of two. On 21 July 1900, an armed group associated with the anti–Christian, anti-Western Boxer Rebellion entered her village, burned the church, gathered all the Christians, and ordered them to renounce Christianity; many did, usually as a way to save their children who would have been killed, as well. Lucia refused. Martyr.

Born

c.1869 in Weixian, Hebei, China

Died

• beheaded on 22 July 1900 in Machiazhuang, Weixian, Hebei, China

• body dumped in a mass grave

• exhumed on 6 November 1901 and given proper burial

Canonized

1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Rosalío Benito Ixchop

Profile

Pious married layman of the diocese of Quiché, Guatemala who served his parish as a catechist. Murdered by government troops. Martyr.

Born

16 August 1914 in La Puerta, Chinique, Guatemala

Died

22 July 1982 in La Puerta, Chinique, Quiché, Guatemala

Beatified

• 23 April 2021 by Pope Francis

• beatification recognition celebrated in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala

Saint Maria Wang Lishi

Also known as

• Maria Wang Lizhi

• Mali

Additional Memorial

28 September as one of the Martyrs of China

Profile

Married lay woman in the apostolic vicariate of Southeastern Zhili, China. Martyred in the Boxer Rebellion for openly declaring herself a Christian.

Born

c.1851 in Fancun, Weixian, Hebei, China

Died

22 July 1900 in Daning, Weixian, Hebei, China

Canonized

1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Jacques Lombardie

Profile

Priest in the diocese of Limoges, France. Imprisoned on a ship in the harbor of Rochefort, France and left to die during the anti-Catholic persecutions of the French Revolution. One of the Martyrs of the Hulks of Rochefort.

Born

1 December 1737 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, France

Died

22 July 1794 aboard the prison ship Deux-Associés, in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France

Beatified

1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Syntyche of Philippi

Also known as

Synteches, Syntykhé

Profile

Mentioned by Saint Paul the Apostle in the Letter to the Philippians as having helped him spread the gospel, but no information about her has come down to us.

Readings

I urge Euodia and I urge Syntyche to come to a mutual understanding in the Lord. Yes, and I ask you also, my true yokemate, to help them, for they have struggled at my side in promoting the gospel, along with Clement and my other co-workers, whose names are in the book of life. – Philippians 4:2-3

Blessed Joaquin Rodríguez Bueno

Also known as

Ireneo Jacinto

Profile

Professed religious in the Brothers of the Christian Schools (De La Salle Brothers). Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

20 August 1910 in Mazuelo de Muñó, Burgos, Spain

Died

22 July 1936 in Almudena, Madrid, Spain

Beatified

13 October 2013 by Pope Francis

Blessed Rosalío Benito

Profile

Pious layman of the diocese of Quiché, Guatemala who served his parish as a catechist. Murdered by government troops. Martyr.

Born

c.1902 in Guatemala

Died

22 July 1982 in La Puerta, Chinique, Quiché, Guatemala

Venerated

23 January 2020 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)

Blessed Benno of Osnabruck

Profile

Monk. Courtier to Emperor Henry III. Bishop of Osnabruck, Germany in 1068; he served for 20 years. Involved in the disputes between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. Founded Iburg Abbey in Bad Iburg, Germany.

Died

1088 at Iburg Abbey and Castle, Bad Iburg, Germany of natural causes

Saint Theophilus of Cyprus

Profile

Eighth-century soldier, sailor and admiral of the Christian fleet stationed on Cyprus. Captured in battle by invading Muslims, he was imprisoned for four years, then ordered to renounce Christianity and convert to Islam; he refused. Martyr.

Died

789 in Cyprus

Saint Meneleus of Ménat

Also known as

Mauvier, Menele, Meneve

Profile

Monk at Carméry in Auvergne, France. Restored the monastery of Ménat near Clermont, France.

Born

Anjou, France

Died

c.720

Saint Movean of Inis-Coosery

Also known as

Biteus of Inis-Coosery

Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Patrick. Monk. Abbot of Inis-Coosery in County Down, Ireland. Retired to live as a prayerful hermit in Perthshire, Scotland.

Saint Anastasius of Schemarius

Profile

Monk in the Caucasus mountains. Spiritual student of Saint Maximus the Confessor. Imprisoned, tortured and martyred.

Died

662 at the Schemaris fortress, Caucasus mountains

Saint Plato of Ancyra

Also known as

Platone

Profile

Brother of Saint Antiochus of Sebaste. Martyr.

Died

c.306 at Ancyra, Galatia

Saint Jerome of Pavia

Also known as

Gerolamo

Profile

Bishop of Pavia, Italy from 778 until his death.

Died

787 of natural causes

Canonized

20 December 1888 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)

Saint Claudius Marius Victorinus of Saussaye

Profile

Commemorated in La Saussaye, Eure, France, but no details about him have survived.

Saint Dabius

Also known as

Bavins, Davius

Profile

May have been a spiritual student of Saint Patrick. Priest. Missionary to Scotland where several churches are named for him.

Born

Irish

Saint Pancharius of Besançon

Profile

Bishop of Besançon, France. Much persecuted by the Arian Emperor Constantius.

Died

c.356

Blessed Paolo de Lara

Profile

Born to the nobility. Ordained as a priest in 1344. Mercedarian friar. Ransomed 209 Christians who were enslaved by Moors in Granada, Spain.

Saint Baudry of Montfaucon

Profile

Seventh century monk. Founded the Abbey of Montfaucon in the diocese of Verdun, France.

Saint Lewine

Profile

Fourth century nun in England. Martyred by invading pagan Saxons.

Born

Flanders (in modern Belgium)

Died

England

Saint Cyril of Antioch

Profile

Patriarch of Antioch in 280.

Died

c.300 of natural causes

Saint Andrew of Antioch

Profile

Martyr.

Died

c.280 in Antioch

Martyrs of Marula

Also known as

Martyrs of Massylis

Profile

Three Christians martyred together. We know nothing else about them but the names – Ajabosus, Andrew and Elian.

Died

Massylis (Marula), Numidia (in modern Algeria)

Martyrs of Massilitani

Profile

A group of Christians martyred together in northern Africa. Saint Augustine of Hippo wrote about them.