இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 06 (SUNDAY)

 Bl. Josefa Naval Girbes

Feastday: November 6

Birth: 1820

Death: 1893

Beatified: 25 September 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Josefa Naval Girbes (1820-1893) when she was a young woman, took a vow of chastity. Josefa was very active in her parish life. Opened a school for girls in her own home where she taught needlework and prayer. Member of the Third Order Secular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Teresa of Jesus. Great devotion for the Virgin Mary.

St. Joseph Khang

Feastday: November 6

Death: 1861

Canonized: Pope John Paul II

Martyr of Vietnam. The servant of St. Jerome Hermosilla, Joseph tried to deliver St. Jerome from prison. He was caught in the attempt, lashed, and beheaded. Joseph was canonized in 1988 by Pope John Paul II.

Romulus of Genoa

Saint Romulus, cathedral of San Siro, Sanremo

Bishop and Confessor

Died Sanremo, Liguria, Italy

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Feast November 6 (formerly October 13, December 22)

Attributes depicted with episcopal dress and a sword in hand

Saint Romulus of Genoa (also Remo; Italian: Romolo, Ligurian: Rœmu) was an early Bishop of Genoa, around the time of Saint Syrus.[1] His dates are uncertain: since Jacobus de Voragine[2] traditional lists compiled from local liturgies generally place his bishopric fourth in a largely legendary list.[3] He fled from Genoa and never returned[4] He died in the cave he inhabited at Villa Matutiæ,[5] a town on the Italian Riviera which later adopted his name, becoming "San Remo" (from 15th century until the first half of the 20th century), and then later Sanremo.[6]

Veneration

In 876 the bishop Sabbatinus brought his remains to Genoa, to the church of San Siro, where a new structure was consecrated in 1023.

Since he was invoked in defence of Villa Matutiæ from its inhabitants during enemy attack, the saint is depicted with episcopal dress and a sword in hand.

St Romulus' feast day had been kept on October 13, the traditional date of his death, as well as on December 22. In the Archdiocese of Genoa his feast day is now celebrated on November 6, together with two more of its early bishops: Saint Valentine of Genoa and Saint Felix of Genoa.

Saint Leonard of Noblac

 நோப்லாக் நகரின் புனிதர் லியோனார்ட் 

பிறப்பு: மே 19

ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France)

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 559

லிமோகெஸ் ஃபிரான்ஸ்

(Limoges, France)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Eastern Orthodox Church)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

(Anglican Church)

பாதுகாவல்:

அரசியல் கைதிகள், சிறையிலடைக்கப்பட்ட மக்கள், யுத்த கைதிகள், சிறைப்பிடிக்கப்பட்டவர்கள், உழைக்கும் பெண்கள், அதேபோல் உழைக்கும் குதிரைகள்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 6

நோப்லாக் நகரின் புனிதர் லியோனார்ட், ஒரு “ஃபிராங்கிஷ்” (Frankish) புனிதரும், ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டிலுள்ள “நோப்லாக்” (Noblac) எனும் இடத்திற்கும், அங்கேயுள்ள துறவு மடத்திற்கும் நெருக்கமானவராவார்.

பாரம்பரிய சுயசரிதம்:

இவர், “மெரோவிஞ்சியன்” (Merovingian) வம்சத்தை தோற்றுவித்த (Founder of the Merovingian dynasty) அரசன் “முதலாம் க்லோவிஸ்” (Clovis I) என்பவரது அரசவையில் உயர்ந்த பதவியில் இருந்தார். இவரும் அரசன் “முதலாம் க்லோவிஸும்” "ரெய்ம்ஸ்" (Bishop of Reims) ஆயரான "புனிதர் ரெமிஜியுஸ்" (Saint Remigius) அவர்களால் கி.பி. 496ம் ஆண்டு கிறிஸ்து பிறப்பு தினத்தன்று கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக மதம் மாற்றப்பட்டனர். பின்னர் இவர், தண்டனை பெற்று சிறையிலிருந்த, மன்னிப்பு பேர பொருத்தமான சிறைக் கைதிகளை விடுதலை செய்யும் அதிகாரத்தை அரசன் முதலாம் க்லோவிஸிடமிருந்து கேட்டு வாங்கினார். அரசன் அளித்த பிரபுக்களுக்கான சிறப்புச் சலுகைகளை தாழ்மையுடன் மறுத்தார். இவரது புனிதத் தன்மையை அறிந்த அரசர், இவரது வேண்டுகோளுக்கு இணங்கி, சிறைப்பட்டோரை விடுவித்தார்.

இவ்வித சலுகை, அக்காலத்தில் தூயவரான ஆயர்களுக்கும் இவரைப் போன்றவர்களுக்குமே அளிக்கப்பட்டிருந்தது. கைதிகள் தங்கள் பாவங்களின் தோஷத்தை கண்டு உணரச் செய்தார். அவர்கள் தங்கள் பாவங்களுக்காக துயரப்பட்டு, தவம் செய்து, வாழ்வை திருத்தியமைக்க உதவி செய்தார்.

பின் இவர் "ரெய்ம்ஸ்" ஆயர் "புனித ரெமிஜியுஸின்" சீடரானார். சிறிது காலம் வேதம் போதித்தார். இவர் அரண்மனைக்குத் திரும்பி வரவேண்டுமென்று அரசர் நச்சரித்துக் கொண்டிருந்தமையால், “புனிதர் மெஸ்மின்” (Saint Mesmin) மற்றும் “புனிதர் லீ” (Saint Lie) ஆகியோரது வழிகாட்டுதலின்படி, "ஒர்லியன்ஸ்" (Orléans) என்ற இடத்திற்கருகே இருந்த "மைஸி" (Micy) எனும் இடத்திலிருந்த ஒரு மடத்திற்குப் போய் அங்கு துறவறம் பெற்றுக்கொண்டார். பின்னர், “லிமௌசின்” (Limousin) காடுகளுக்குப் போய், அங்கே வாழ்ந்தார். அங்கே, அவரைப் பின்பற்றுபவர்கள் பலர் கூடினர். இவரது செப வல்லமையால் “ஃபிராங்க்ஸ்” அரசி (Queen of the Franks) ஒரு ஆண்குழந்தையை பாதுகாப்பாக ஈன்றதாக கூறப்படுகிறது. அதன் பிரதியுபகாரமாக, “நோபிலாக்” (Noblac) எனுமிடத்தில் அரசு நிலம் லியோனார்டுக்கு கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.

பின் ஒரு சிற்றாலயத்தை அமைத்து, அங்கு வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். இலைகளும் கனிகளுமே இவரது உணவு. தனிமையில் மறைவான வாழ்வு நடத்தினாலும், அருகில் இருந்த கோயிலுக்குச் சென்று மறையுரைகள் நிகழ்த்துவார்.

போர்க்கைதிகள் மீதும், சிறைப்பட்டோர் மீதும் அதிக இரக்கம் காண்பித்தார். தம்மால் இயன்ற அளவு ஆன்ம சரீர உதவிகளை அவர்களுக்குச் செய்தார்.

சுமார் கி.பி. 559ம் ஆண்டு மரித்த இவரது நினைவுத் திருநாள் நவம்பர் ஆறாம் நாள் கொண்டாடப்படுகின்றது.

Also known as

• Leonard de Noblet

• Leonard of Limoges

• Leonard of Limousin

• Leonardo Nobiliacum

• Leonardo, Leonhard, Lienard, Linhart, Léonard

Profile

Born to the Frankish nobility. Part of the court of the pagan King Clovis I. The Queen suggested to Leonard, possibly as a joke, that he invoke the help of his God to repel an invading army. Leonard prayed, the tide of battle turned, and Clovis was victorious. Archbishop Saint Remigius of Rheims used this miracle to convert the King, Leonard, and a thousand of followers to Christianity.

Leonard began a life of austerity, sanctification, and preaching. His desire to know God grew until he decided to enter the monastery at Orleans, France. His brother, Saint Lifiard, followed his example and left the royal court, built a monastery at Meun, and lived there. Leonard desired further seclusion, and so withdrew into the forest of Limousin, converting many on the way, and living on herbs, wild fruits, and spring water. He built himself an oratory, leaving it only for journeys to churches. Others begged to live with him and learn from him, and so a monastery formed around his hermitage. Leonard had a great compassion for prisoners, obtaining release and converting many.

After his death, churches were dedicated to him in France, England, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Bohemia, Poland and other countries. Pilgrims flocked to his tomb, and in one small town in Bavaria there are records of 4,000 favors granted through Saint Leonard's intercession.

Died

c.559 of natural causes

Patronage

• against burglaries

• against robberies or robbers

• barrel makers, coopers

• blacksmiths

• captives, prisoners

• childbirth

• coal miners

• coppersmiths

• farmers

• greengrocers, grocers

• horses

• locksmiths

• miners

• porters

• P.O.W.'s; prisoners of war

• 33 cities

Representation

• abbot holding chain, fetters or a lock

• chain

• fetters

• manacles

Saint Winnoc of Wormhoult

Also known as

• Winnoc of Flanders

• Winnoc of Wormhoudt

• Vinocus, Vinnoco, Winnow, Winoc, Winocus, Winok, Wunnoc, Winnok

Additional Memorials

• 18 September (translation of relics)

• 20 February (exaltation of Saint Winnoc)

Profile

Born to the nobility, possibly a prince, and some sources say his father was Saint Judicael. Raised and educated in Brittany, his family running there to escape the Saxons. Monk. Founded Saint Winnow's church in Cornwall, England. Monk at Sithiu (Saint Omer) under abbot Saint Bertin. Founded the monastery, church and hospital of Wormhoult, Belgium, served as abbot, and used it as a base to evangelize the area.

Humble, and ever mindful of the apostolic precept "if any would not work, neither should he eat", Winnoc threw himself into the manual labour of the monasteries, doing as much of the tough and disagreeable as any monk in the house. When enfeebled by old age, Winnoc prayed for help to continue his work; he received divine help to work a hand corn mill, making flour for his brothers and the poor. Another monk, out of curiosity, peeped through a crack in the mill-house door to see how the old man did so much work; he was stuck blind for his impertinence, but was healed by Winnoc's intercession.

Born

7th century Wales

Died

• 6 November 716 or 717 at Wormhoult, Belgium of natural causes

• originally buried at Wormhoult

• relics translated to Bergues-Saint-Winnoc in 899

• people who stood along the route taken by the monks were reported to have been healed of many illnesses, especially coughs and fevers, and they have been brought out to stop drought

• the monastery was burned by Protestants in 1558 destroying some relics

Patronage

• against fever

• against whooping cough

• millers

Representation

• abbot with a crown and scepter at his feet, turning a hand-mill, often with a church and bridge nearby

• in ecstasy while grinding grain to flour

• with Saint Bertin

Blessed Christina of Stommeln

Also known as

• Christina Bruzo

• Christina Bruso

• Kristina...

Profile

Born to wealthy farmers Heinrich and Hilla Bruso. Though she learned to read, Christina could not write. At the age of five she received a vision of Jesus, and at age ten believed that she became a bride of Christ. When she was 12, the girl's parents arranged a marriage for her, but she ran off to become a Beguine nun in Cologne, Germany; her extravagant piety caused the nuns to question her sanity, and Christina went home where she taken in by the parish priest, Johannes. Throughout her life she and people near her would be tormented by what were considered demonic attacks - she was thrown around the room, her feet stabbed by invisible forces, and similar physical attacks. She received the stigmata in 1268, and it would return each Easter thereafter. In 1288 the mystical experiences ended and Christina spent the rest of her life living as a cloistered Beguine nun. The Swedish Dominican monk, Peter of Dacia, was a long-time correspondent and recorded many of the incidents involving her.

Born

24 July 1242 at Stommeln, duchy of Juilliers (part of modern Germany)

Died

• 6 November 1312 in an alms house in Cologne, Germany of natural causes

• buried in Stommeln, Germany

• relics moved to Nideggen, Germany in 1342

• relics moved to Jülich, Germany on 22 July 1569

• on 16 November 1944 the church was bombed, but the relics survived

• her skull shows marks and indentations corresponding to a crown of thorns

Beatified

12 August 1908 by Pope Saint Pius X (cultus confirmed)

Representation

• novice approached by the devil

• stigmata

Blessed Thomas Ochia Jihyoe

Also known as

• Thomas Jihyoe di Sant'Agostino

• Thomas of Saint Augustine

• Kintsuba

Additional Memorial

28 September as one of the Augustinian Martyrs of Japan

Profile

Born to a Christian family, his parents were both catechists, and both died as martyrs. Thomas attended a Jesuit school in Arima, Japan, and when he felt a call to religious life, he continued his studies in Macao. In 1622 he went to Manila, Philippines to study, and there he joined the Augustinians, making his profession in 1624. He studied theology at Cebú, Philippines, and was ordained a priest. Father Thomas returned to Japan in 1631 to minister to Christians during an imperial persecution. Authorities who did not realize his vocation let him visit Christian prisoners, many of whom were missionaries. When the government realized he was conducting a ministry to them, he was forced flee and lived for a while in a cave, the subject of an intense man-hunt. From there, he used disguises, tricks and the name Kintsuba to minister to Christians in the region for years until finally caught, tortured for months, ordered repeatedly to denounce Christianity, and when he would not, he was executed. Martyr.

Born

c.1602 in Omura, Nagasaki, Japan

Died

hanged upside down on 6 November 1637 in Hill of Martyrs, Nishizaka, Nagasaki, Japan

Beatified

24 November 2008 by Pope Benedict XVI

Saint Melaine of Rennes

Also known as

• Apostle of France

• Melan, Melanie, Melanio, Melanius, Melen, Mellion, Mullion

Profile

Monk. Bishop of Rennes, France during the 5th and 6th centuries when the Franks were conquering all of Gaul. Nearly eliminated idolatry in his diocese. Close friend and advisor to King Clovis. Required his priests to stop "wandering from cabin to cabin, celebrating Mass on portable altars, accompanied by women who administered the chalice to the faithful." Had a brief conflict with British evangelists who tried to introduce Celtic liturgical forms, confusing the new converts. Played a leading role at the Council of Orleans in 511.

Born

in Placet, Brittany (in modern France)

Died

• c.535 of natural causes

• the abbey of Saint Melaine, Rennes, France was built around his tomb

Patronage

• Mullion, Cornwall, England

• Saint Mellyan, Cornwall, England

Representation

• bishop standing on a devil

• bishop driving a devil before him

• dead bishop on a sailing ship carrying his body upstream

Saint Paul of Constantinople

Also known as

• Paul the Confessor

• Paulus

Profile

Chosen Archbishop of Constantinople in 336. For supporting orthodox Christianity against Arianism, he was exiled to Pontus in 337. He returned in 338, but the Arians again exiled him, this time to Trier, Germany. He returned c.340, but Emperor Constantius clapped him in chains and exiled him to Mesopotamia. He returned in 344 but was exiled to Cukusus, Armenia. To prevent another return he was eventually imprisoned, starved and murdered. He never stopped trying to get to his diocese and tend to his parishioners, but spent most of his time as archbishop in exile. Martyr.

Died

strangled to death in 350 in Cukusus, Armenia

Saint Protasius of Lausanne

Also known as

Protase, Protasio

Profile

Seventh-century priest noted for his severe self-denial, and his ministry to widows, orphans and the homeless poor. Bishop of Lausanne, Kingdom of Burgundy (in modern Switzerland). He re-built and expanded what became the Saint-Maure chapel, supported the construction of the church and monastery in Baulmes, Switzerland, and re-built the cathedral of Lausanne after it had been damaged by invading pagans; he was visiting the workmen cutting timber for the cathedral when he had the accident that killed him.

Born

c.640

Died

• struck by a falling tree in the forest of Mont Tendre, Switzerland c.699

• buried in Lausanne, Switzerland

• relics transferred to the cathdral of Lausanne in the 14th century

Saint Emilian of Faenza

Profile

Bishop. Died while returning from a pilgrimage to Rome, Italy where venerated the tombs of the Apostles.

Born

Ireland

Died

• c.780 in Faenza, Italy of natural causes

• burial site lost during the Lombard invasions

• his grave was re-discovered following a series of miracles, which vary by source

• relics enshrined in the cathedral of Faenza

Canonized

• Pre-Congregation

• cultus known to have been well-established in Faenza, Italy by the 12th century

• a synod in 1321 officially established his memorial in all cities of the diocese of Faenza

Patronage

Faenza, Italy

Saint Illtyd

Also known as

Elchut, Eltut, Hildutus, Illtud, Iltuto, Illtut, Iltutus, Iltud Farchog

Profile

Studied under Saint Germanus of Auxerre. Monk under the direction of Saint Cadoc. Founded the influential abbey of Llan-Illtut (Llantwit Major), which housed hundreds of monks, and became home to many Welsh saints. Defended his people against incursions from the north. To relieve famine, he assembled, stocked and led several corn ships to Brittany; in gratitude, some villages and churches there are named for him.

Born

5th century Wales

Died

c.505 in Brittany (in modern France)

Saint Theobald of Dorat

Profile

Born to a poor but pious farm family. Spiritual student of Saint Israel of Limoges at Dorat, France. Augustinian canon. Ordained a deacon, he considered himself unworthy of the priesthood. Treasurer and sacristan of the churches in Dorat. Had a ministry to the sick and the poor. Teacher and spiritual director of Saint Gauthier.

Born

990 in Bazeuge, France

Died

• 6 November 1070 of natural causes

• relics enshrined in the collegiate church of Dorat, France next to Saint Israel of Limoges

Saint Demetrian of Cyprus

Also known as

Demetrio, Demetrius

Profile

Married. Widower. Monk at Saint Anthony's Monastery on Cyprus. Priest. Hegoumenos (abbot) of Saint Anthony's for 40 years. Reluctant bishop of Khytri, Cyprus for 25 years. When Saracens raided Cyprus and kidnapped local Christians to enslave them, Demetrian obtained their release.

Born

Sika, Cyprus

Died

912

Blessed Beatrice of Olive

Profile

Cistercian nun at the convent of the Olive in Morlanwelz, Belgium. Her life in the convent led her to question her vocation, and she became a pilgrim for 15 years after which she received a vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary telling her it was time to return to Cistercian life. Beatrice returned to the convent and spent the rest of her life there, known for her piety and Marian devotion.

Died

• c.1400 of natural causes

• relics venerated in the parish church of Morlanwelz, Belgium

Saint Israel of Limoges

Also known as

Israel Limousin

Profile

Born to the nobility, his was a pious family. Priest. Vicar general of Limoges, France. Canon regular at Dorat, France. Taught theology in the diocese seminary. Wrote a lyric biography of Christ. Nursed plague sufferers during an epidemic in 994. Spiritual teacher of Saint Theobald of Dorat.

Born

950 at Dorat, France

Died

• 22 December 1014 of natural causes

• relics transferred to the Dorat collegiate church on 27 January 1130

Saint Barlaam of Novgorod

Also known as

Alexis

Profile

Born to a wealthy family. When his parents died, Alexis became a hermit on the Volga River. His reputation for holiness spread and attracted so many students that he founded a monastery for them, became a monk, and took the name Barlaam.

Born

Novgorod, Russia as Alexis

Died

6 November 1193 of natural causes

Blessed Leonianus of Autun

Profile

Lay man who was captured and taken to Gaul as a slave. When he regained his freedom he became a hermit near Autun (in modern France). Monk at the Saint Symphorianus Abbey at Autun.

Born

Pannonia (part of modern Hungary)

Died

c.570 in Autun (in modern France) of natural causes

Beatified

1907 by Pope Pius X (cultus confirmed)

Saint Severus of Barcelona

Profile

Bishop of Barcelona, Spain. Martyred by Arian Visigoths.

Died

nails driven into his temple in 633

Patronage

Barcelona, Spain

Representation

bishop with a nail or nails driven into his head

Blessed Bernard of Apiano

Profile

Mercedarian at the convent of Saint Martin in Perpignan, France. He was noted for his personal piety, hist observance of the Mercedarian rule, and his depth of education.

Saint Erlafrid of Hirschau

Also known as

Erlafrid of Calw

Profile

Count of Calw, Swabia (modern Germany). Founded Hirschau Abbey which he entered as a Benedictine monk, and where he eventually served as abbot.

Born

late 8th century

Died

mid-9th century

Saint Felix of Thyniss

Also known as

Felix of Thynissa

Profile

Arrested for his faith, he was found dead in prison the day before for his scheduled execution.

Born

African

Died

Thyniss, north Africa

Blessed Simon of Aulne

Profile

Cistercian lay brother at the Aulne Abbey in the diocese of Liege, Belgium. A mystic and visionary, known to fall into ecstasies during prayer.

Died

1215 of natural causes

Saint Leonard of Reresby

Profile

Crusader. Captured by Saracens, but miraculously freed.

Born

Thryberg, Yorkshire, England

Died

13th century Yorkshire, England of natural causes

Saint Felix of Genoa

Profile

Second bishop of Genoa, Italy, c.400. Spiritual teacher of Saint Syrus of Genoa.

Died

relics enshrined in the basilica of Twelve Apostles in Genoa, Italy

Saint Valentine of Genoa

Profile

Bishop of Genoa, Italy from c.295.

Died

• c.307 of natural causes

• his relics were found and enshrined in 985

Saint Efflam of Brittany

Profile

Son of a British prince. Founded a monastery in Brittany, France and served as its first abbot.

Died

c.700 of natural causes

Saint Edwen of Northumbria

Profile

Seventh century consecrated virgin. Daughter of Saint Edwin of Northumbria.

Patronage

Llanedwen, Anglesey, Wales

Saint Stephen of Apt

Profile

Bishop of Apt, France in 1010. Re-built the cathedral there.

Born

975 in Agde, France

Died

1046 of natural causes

Saint Felix of Fondi

Profile

Benedictine monk at Fondi, Italy. Held in high regard by Saint Gregory the Great.

Died

6th century of natural causes

Saint Pinnock

Profile

A church in Cornwall, England is dedicated to this saint, but no information about him has survived.

Saint Atticus

Profile

Martyred in Phrygia.

Ten Martyrs of Antioch

Profile

A group of Brothers of the Christian Schools and a Passionist priest martyred in the persecutions during the Spanish Civil War. The are

Aniceto Adolfo

Augusto Andrés

Benito de Jesús

Benjamín Julián

Cirilo Bertrán

Inocencio de la Immaculada

Julián Alfredo

Marciano José

Victoriano Pío

Died

637 in Antioch, Syria

Martyrs of Gaza

Profile

A group of Christian soldiers who were captured by Saracens invading the area of Gaza in Palestine. When the men continued to profess their Christianity, they were executed. We know the names of some of the martyrs - Himerius, John (2 of them), Kallinikos (Callinoco), Paul, Peter, Stephen and Theodore (2 of them).

Died

beheaded in Gaza, Palestine

Also celebrated but no entry yet

• Garcia Darlet

• Peter Amelio

Bl. Martyrs of Astoria during Spanish Civil War

Feastday: November 6

The Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War are those people killed by Republicans in hatred of their Catholic faith during the Spanish Civil War and therefore venerated in the Catholic Church.[1] More than 6,800 clergy and religious were killed in the Red Terror. As of October 2022, 2,107 Spanish martyrs have been beatified; 11 of them being canonized. For some 2,000 additional martyrs, the beatification process is underway.

History

During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, and especially in the early months of the conflict, individual clergymen were executed while entire religious communities were persecuted, leading to a death toll of 13 bishops, 4,172 diocesan priests and seminarians, 2,364 monks and friars and 283 nuns, for a total of 6,832 clerical victims, as part of what is referred to as Spain's Red Terror.[2]

Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War

Martyrs

Born Various

Died 1934, 1936-1939

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 29 March 1987

1 October 1989

29 April 1990

25 October 1992

10 October 1993

1 October 1995

4 May 1997

10 May 1998

7 March 1999

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II

29 October 2005

28 October 2007

23 January 2010

17 December 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI[1]

13 October 2013

1 November 2014

5 September 2015

3 October 2015

21 November 2015

23 April 2016

8 October 2016

29 October 2016

25 March 2017

6 May 2017

21 October 2017

11 November 2017

10 November 2018

9 March 2019

23 March 2019

22 June 2019

7 November 2020

29 May 2021

16 October 2021

30 October 2021

6 November 2021

26 February 2022

18 June 2022

22 October 2022 by Pope Francis

Canonized 21 November 1999 (Nine Martyrs of the 1934 Asturias uprising) in Rome[1]

4 May 2003 in Madrid by Pope John Paul II

Feast Various

Pope John Paul II 233 Spanish Martyrs

Pope John Paul II beatified 473 martyrs in the years 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997 and 2001. Some 233 executed clergy were beatified by John Paul II on 11 March 2001.[3] In 1999 he also canonized a Christian Brother and the nine Martyrs of Turon, the first group of Spanish Civil War martyrs to reach sainthood. Regarding the selection of Candidates, Archbishop Edward Novack from the Congregation of Saints explained in an interview with L'Osservatore Romano: "Ideologies such as Nazism or Communism serve as a context of martyrdom, but in the foreground the person stands out with his conduct, and, case by case, it is important that the people among whom the person lived should affirm and recognize his fame as a martyr and then pray to him, obtaining graces. It is not so much ideologies that concern us, as the sense of faith of the People of God, who judge the person's behavior."[4]

List Of  Martyrs-of-the-spanish-civil-war

martyrs-of-the-spanish-civil-war

Pope Benedict XVI

 498 Spanish Martyrs

Benedict XVI beatified 530 martyrs in the years 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2011, with the biggest being the 498 Spanish martyrs in October 2007,[5] in the largest beatification ceremony in the history of the Catholic Church.[6] In this group of people, the Vatican has not included all Spanish martyrs, nor any of the 16 priests who were executed by the nationalist side in the first years of the war. This decision has caused numerous criticisms from surviving family members and several political organisations in Spain.[7]

The beatification recognized the extraordinary fate and often brutal death of the persons involved. Some have criticized the beatifications as dishonoring non-clergy who were also killed in the war, and as being an attempt to draw attention away from the church's support of Franco (some quarters of the Church called the Nationalist cause a "crusade").[8] Within Spain, the Civil War still raises high emotions. The act of beatification has also coincided in time with the debate on the Law of Historical Memory (about the treatment of the victims of the war and its aftermath) promoted by the Spanish Government.

Responding to the criticism, the Vatican has described the October 2007 beatifications as relating to personal virtues and holiness, not ideology. They are not about "resentment but ... reconciliation". The Spanish government has supported the beatifications, sending Foreign Minister Miguel Ángel Moratinos to attend the ceremony.[9] Among those present was Juan Andrés Torres Mora, a relative of one of the martyrs and the Spanish MP who had debated the memory law for PSOE .[10]

The October 2007 beatifications have brought the number of martyred persons beatified by the Church to 977, eleven of whom have been canonized as saints.[6] Because of the extent of the persecution, many more cases could be proposed; as many as 10,000 according to Catholic Church sources. The process for beatification has already been initiated for about 2,000 people.[6]

At 28 October 2007 beatifications, Pope Benedict underscored the call to sanctity for all Christians, saying it was "realistic possibility for the entire Christian people".[11] He also noted, "This martyrdom in ordinary life is an important witness in today's secularized society."[11]

Pope Francis

 522 Spanish Martyrs

Pope Francis beatified 522 martyrs on 13 October 2013, at Tarragona, Spain; among them was Eugenio Sanz-Orozco Mortera from Manila, Philippines, who became the first Filipino martyr of the Spanish Civil War. He also approved additional beatifications for Spanish martyrs that took place for a priest on 1 November 2014 as well as two sets of group martyrs on both 5 September 2015 and 3 October 2015. The pope also approved the beatification of 26 Capuchin martyrs, which took place on 21 November 2015. The beatification for Valentín Palencia Marquina and his four companions took place on 23 April 2016 in Burgos.[12] The beatification for Genaro Fueyo Castañon and his three companions was celebrated in Oviedo on 8 October 2016 and the beatification of José Antón Gómez and 3 companions was celebrated in Madrid on 29 October 2016.[citation needed] The 114 Almerian martyrs were beatified on 25 March 2017, and Antonio Arribas Hortigüela and his six companions were beatified on 6 May 2017 in Girona.[13][14] The beatification of Mateo Casals Mas & 108 companions were beatified in Barcelona on 21 October 2017 and Vicenç Queralt Lloret & 20 companions as well as José Maria Fernández Sánchez & 38 companions were beatified in Madrid on 11 November 2017. The beatification of Teodoro Illera del Olmo & 15 Companions was held on 10 November 2018. The beatification of Ángel Cuartas Cristobal and his 8 companions was held in Oviedo on 9 March 2019 while María Isabel Lacaba Andia and her 13 companions were beatified in Madrid on 22 June 2019. María Pilar Gullón Yturriaga and 2 companions was beatified in Astorga on 29 May 2021. The beatification of Juan Elías Medina and 126 companions will be held in Córdoba on 16 October 2021, Francisco Cástor Sojo López and 3 companions in Tortosa on 30 October 2021 Benet Domènech Bonet & 2 companions in Barcelona on 6 November 2021 The beatifications of Cayetano Giménez Martín & 15 Companions in Granada on 26 February 2022, Angel Marina Álvarez & 19 Companions, Isabel Sánchez Romero, Juan Aguilar Donis & 5 Companions in Almería on 18 June 2022 and Vicente Nicasio Renuncio Toribio & 11 Companions in Madrid on 22 October 2022.

Individual cases

Martyrs of Turon

The martyrs of Turon were a group of eight De La Salle Brothers, and the Passionist priest who was with them, who were executed by striking miners at Turon in October 1934. Although this was nearly two years before the outbreak of the civil war, their deaths were part of the same violence and anti-clerical feeling of that period in Spain's history, and are regarded as martyrs of the Spanish Civil War. They were beatified by Pope John Paul II on 29 April 1990, and were canonized by him on 21 November 1999.

Innocencio of Mary Immaculate

Saint Innocencio of Mary Immaculate, born Emanuele Canoura Arnau, was a member of the Passionist Congregation and martyr of the Spanish Civil War. Born on 10 March 1887 in Santa Cecelia del Valle de Oro in Galicia, Spain, he died at Turon, with his eight companions, on 9 October 1934. He was beatified on 29 April 1990 and was canonized by Pope John Paul II on 21 November 1999.

Jaime Hilario Barbal

Jaime Hilario Barbal, born Manuel Barbal Cosán, was raised in a pious and hardworking family near the Pyrenees mountains. Entered the seminary at age 12, but when his hearing began to fail in his teens, he was sent home. Joined the Brothers of the Christian Schools at age 19, entering the novitiate on 24 February 1917 at Irun, Spain, taking the name Jaime Hilario. Exceptional teacher and catechist, he believed strongly in the value of universal education, especially for the poor. However, his hearing problems grew worse, and in the early 1930s, he was forced to retire from teaching, and began work in the garden at the La Salle house at San Jose, Tarragona, Spain. Imprisoned in July 1936 at Mollerosa, Spain when the Spanish Civil War broke out and religious people were swept from the street. Transferred to Tarragona in December, then confined on a prison ship with some other religious. Convicted on 15 January 1937 of being a Christian Brother. Two rounds of volley fire from a firing squad did not kill him, possibly because some of the soldiers intentionally shot wide; their commander then murdered Jaime with five shots at close range. First of the 97 La Salle Brothers killed in Catalonia, Spain during the Spanish Civil War to be recognized as a martyr. He was beatified on 29 April 1990, and was canonized by Pope John Paul II on 21 November 1999.

Pedro Poveda

He was a priest, the founder of the Teresian Association and a Martyr of the Spanish civil war. He was beatified on 10 October 1993 and canonized on 4 May 2003.

Passionist Martyrs of Daimiel

They were a group of priests and brothers of the Passionist Congregation killed by Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War. They were beatified by Pope John Paul II on 1 October 1989. Eyewitnesses reported that all of the Passionists had forgiven their murderers before they died. A witness to the murder of Father Niceforo reported that after being shot the priest turned his eyes to heaven then turned and smiled at his murderers. At this point one of them, now more infuriated than ever, shouted:

What, are you still smiling?[15]

With that he shot him at point blank range.

Eugenio Sanz-Orozco Mortera

Eugenio Sanz-Orozco Mortera (Jose Maria of Manila) was born on 5 September 1880 in Manila, Philippines. He was a Franciscan Capuchin priest. He died a martyr on 17 August 1936, in Madrid, Spain, during the Spanish civil war. He is venerated in the Catholic Church, which celebrates his feast on 6 November. He was beatified on 13 October 2013.

Bartolomé Blanco Márquez

Bartolomé Blanco Márquez was born in Cordoba, Spain in 1914. He was arrested as a Catholic leader—he was the secretary of Catholic Action and a delegate to the Catholic Syndicates—on 18 August 1936. He was executed on 2 October 1936, at age 21, while he cried out, "Long live Christ the King!" Born in Pozoblanco 25 November 1914, Bartolome was orphaned as a child, and raised by family with whom he worked. He was an excellent student, studying under the tutelage of the Salesians.

Victoria Díez Bustos de Molina

She was a religious, the member of the same congregation and also a Martyr of the Spanish civil war. She was beatified on 10 October 1993.

Pedro Asúa Mendía

Pedro was educated by Jesuits. Trained as an architect, graduating in 1915. he worked on schools, churches and houses for religious. He was ordained priest in the diocese of Vitoria, Spain in 1924. He was executed on 29 August 1936. He was beatified on 1 November 2014.

Mariano Mullerat i Soldevila

Mariano was a Spanish Roman Catholic doctor who also served as the mayor for Arbeca from 1924 until March 1930. He died on 13 August 1936. He was beatified on 23 March 2019.

Joan Roig i Diggle

Joan was a young layperson of the Archdiocese of Barcelona. He died on 11 September 1936. He was beatified on 7 November 2020.

Isabel Sánchez Romero

Isabel was a religious from the Dominican Order. She died on 15 February 1937. She was set to be beatified on 19 September 2020 but it was postponed to 18 June 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic.

José María of Manila (Spanish: José María de Manila : 5 September 1880 – 17 August 1936) was a Filipino-born Spanish Catholic priest and friar of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was martyred in the early phase of the Spanish Civil War, and is the third Filipino to have been declared blessed by the Roman Catholic Church.

Born Eugenio del Sanz-Orozco Mortera

5 September 1880

Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines

Died 17 August 1936 (aged 55)

Madrid, Spain

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 13 October 2013, Tarragona,

Spain by Angelo Amato

Major shrine Filipino Saints Gallery, Manila Cathedral,

Philippines

Feast 6 November

Beatification

Background

During the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, the Catholic Church in Spain supported and was strongly supported by and associated with the Spanish monarchy. The Second Spanish Republic saw an alternation of leftist and conservative coalition governments between 1931 and 1936. Amidst the disorder caused by the military coup of July 1936, many supporters of the Republican government pointed their weapons against individuals they considered local reactionaries, including priests and nuns.

A paradoxic case for foreign Catholics was that of the Basque Nationalist Party, at the time a Catholic party from the Basque areas, who after some hesitation supported the Republican government in exchange for an autonomous government in the Basque Country. Although virtually every other group on the Republican side was involved in the anticlerical persecution, the Basques did not play a part.[16] The Vatican diplomacy tried to orient them to the National side, explicitly supported by Cardinal Isidro Goma y Tomas, but the BNP feared the centralism of the Nationals. Some Catalan nationalists also found themselves in the same situation, such as members of de Unió Democràtica de Catalunya party whose most relevant leader, Manuel Carrasco i Formiguera was killed by the Nationalists in Burgos in 1938.

Controversy

A number of controversies have arisen around the beatification of some of these clerics. Some objectors oppose the notion of these priests being killed for mere religious hatred and, while not excusing their brutal murders, putting them in the context of the historical moment. Others question the appropriateness of beatification for some individuals who have less than saintly backgrounds. A third objection is the perceived partiality of the Church, where victims of the left have been proposed for beatification, while victims of the right have been ignored.

Of the first objection, one of the most notable cases has centered on Cruz Laplana y Laguna, Bishop of Cuenca, a well-known supporter of the monarchist regime. After the proclamation of the Second Republic he carried out a number of right-wing political campaigns throughout the province, and had established close contacts with military officials such as General Joaquín Fanjul, a supporter of the Nationalist rebellion. Laplana y Laguna was described by his biographer as "supreme advisor" to the general, as well as being closely involved with the Falange. In 1936 he personally endorsed Falangista leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera as a candidate in the 1936 local elections. When the Nationalist uprising in Cuenca failed, Laplana y Lagun was arrested by Republican militiamen for treason. He was tried for conspiring against the Republican government and executed on 8 August.[17]

Another is Fulgencio Martínez, a priest in the village of La Paca in Murcia, who was shot after the uprising, who was reported by many locals to be closely allied to the local landowners. Over several days before the uprising, Father Fulgencio met with these landowners in the village casino—the hub of social life for the local elites in rural Spain—to organize support for the rebellion. He offered guns and money to anyone who would join an improvised militia. On 18 July, the day of the uprising, Father Fulgencio was among the persons who went through the village streets on lorries, rallying support for the uprising with shouts of "Viva el Ejército!" ("Long live the Army") and "Viva General Queipo de Llano!"[18]

Public statements by some of these clerics have also been widely publicised as a form of criticism against their beatification. Rigoberto Domenech, Archbishop of Zaragoza, declared publicly on 11 August 1936 that the military uprising was to be supported, and its defensive actions approved, because "it is not done in the service of anarchy, but in the benefit of order, fatherland, and religion" in response to the Red Terror. Another statement was that given in November 1938 by Leopoldo Eijo Garay, Bishop of Madrid-Alcalá, regarding a possible truce between Republican and rebel forces: "To tolerate democratic liberalism... would be to betray the martyrs."[19]

Of the second, the controversy surrounding the beatification of Augustinian Friar Gabino Olaso Zabala, listed as a companion of Avelino Rodriguez Alonso, concerns his previous life. Friar Zabala was martyred during the Civil War and was beatified. Attention was called to the fact that Fr. Olaso had been a missionary in the Philippines during the Katipunan rebellion against Spanish rule, and had been accused of torturing Friar Mariano Dacanay, an alleged rebel sympathizer.[20] However this objection ignores the Church proclamation that even sinners can repent and turn into saints, such as in the case of Augustine of Hippo. It also misunderstands the nature of a cause for martyrdom, where the primary factor is the person's death due to religious hatred of the faith, rather than the saintliness of his previous life.

The third objection refers to the Church's attitude to victims of Nationalist repression. Regarding the attitude of the Vatican, Manuel Montero, lecturer of the University of the Basque Country commented on 6 May 2007:

The Church, which upheld the idea of a 'National Crusade' in order to legitimize the military rebellion, was a belligerent part during the Civil War, even at the cost of alienating part of its members. It continues in a belligerent role in its unusual answer to the Historical Memory Law by recurring to the beatification of 498 "martyrs" of the Civil War. The priests executed by Franco's Army are not counted among them... Its selective criteria regarding the religious persons that were part of its ranks are difficult to fathom. The priests who were victims of the republicans are "martyrs who died forgiving", but those priests who were executed by the Francoists are forgotten.[21]

While much of Republican Spain was anti-clerical in sentiment, the Basque region, which also supported the Republic, was not; the clergy of the region stood against the Nationalist coup, and suffered accordingly. At least 16 Basque nationalist priests (among them the arch-priest of Mondragón) were killed by the Nationalists,[22] and hundreds more were imprisoned or deported.[23] This included several priests who tried to halt the killings.[24] To date, the Vatican has failed to consider these clergy as martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, since they were not murdered in hatred of the Faith (odium fidei), a prerequisite for the recognition of martyrdom

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 05 (SATURDAY)

 St. Emeric

Saint Emeric of Hungary

Prince and heir to the Hungarian throne

Born 1007

Székesfehérvár

Died September 2, 1031

Hegyközszentimre (assumed place)

Venerated in Eastern Orthodox Church

Roman Catholic Church

Canonized 1083, Székesfehérvár by Pope Gregory VII

Major shrine St. Emeric's Church, Székesfehérvár

Feast November 5, in Hungary: September 4 (burial of his relics)

Attributes Boar, Lily Stem, Sword[1]

Patronage Youth, Hungarian Americans

The son of St. Stephen, Hungary's first Christian king. Born in 1007, he did not live to inherit St. Stephen's throne, as he died in a hunting accident. His tomb at Szekesfehervar was a pilgrim's site, and many miracles were reported there. He was canonized with his father in 1083.

Emeric (Hungarian: Szent Imre herceg), also Emericus, Emerick, Emery, Emory, and venerated as Saint Emeric (c. 1007 – 2 September 1031) was the son of King Stephen I of Hungary and Giselle of Bavaria.

Life

Family

Emeric is assumed[2] to be the second son of Stephen I. Named after his maternal uncle Henry II, he was the only one of Stephen's sons who reached adulthood.

Education

Emeric was educated in a strict and ascetic spirit by the Benedictine monk from Venice, Gerard, from the age of 15 to 23. He was intended to be the next monarch of Hungary, and his father wrote his Admonitions to prepare him for this task. His father tried to make Emeric co-heir still in his lifetime.

He married in the year 1022.[3] The identity of his wife is disputed. Some say it was Irene Monomachina, a relative of Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos,[4] or a female member of the Argyros family to which Byzantine emperor Romanos III Argyros belonged. Other say it was Patricissa of Croatia, the daughter of Krešimir III of Croatia. Another possible person may have been Adelaide/Rixa of Poland or one of her unnamed sisters.

Death and sainthood

The succession plans of Emeric's father could never be fulfilled: on 2 September 1031, at age 24, Emeric was killed by a boar while hunting. It is assumed[2] that this happened in Hegyközszentimre (presently Sântimreu, Romania). He was buried in the Székesfehérvár Basilica. Several wondrous healings and conversions happened at his grave, so on 5 November 1083 King Ladislaus I unearthed Emeric's bones in a large ceremony, and Emeric was canonised for his pious life and purity along with his father and Bishop Gerard of Csanád by Pope Gregory VII.

Emeric is most often pictured in knight's armour with crown and lily. It is believed by some Hungarians that Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer and the namesake of the Americas, was named after the saint, but no proof of this etymology exists

St. Elizabeth  & St. Zachary

புனிதர்கள் சகரியா மற்றும் எலிசபெத்

 வரலாற்று ரீதியாக, இன்று புனித ஜான் பாப்டிஸ்ட்டின் பெற்றோர்களான புனித சகரியா மற்றும் எலிசபெத்தின் பண்டிகை நாள்.  எலிசபெத் என்ற பெயர், பல புனிதர்களின் பெயர், 'வழிபடுபவர்' என்று பொருள்.  புனித லூக்காவின் நற்செய்தியில் கூறப்பட்டுள்ளபடி, அவர் சக்கரியாஸின் மனைவியும், புனித ஜான் பாப்டிஸ்ட்டின் தாயும் ஆவார்.

 இந்த துறவி பூசாரி ஆரோனின் வழித்தோன்றலும் கூட.  நற்செய்திகளின்படி, துறவி தனது கணவருடன் மலை நகரமான யூதேயாவில் மாசற்ற வாழ்க்கை வாழ்ந்தார்.  ஒரு மகனுக்காக தொடர்ந்து ஜெபத்துடன் வாழ்ந்த இந்த துறவி, தனது வயதான காலத்தில் மீண்டும் ஒரு மகனைப் பெறமாட்டார் என்று பாரபட்சம் காட்டினார்.  ஒரு நாள், சகரியா ஆலயத்தில் ஊழியம் செய்துகொண்டிருந்தபோது, ​​புனித கேப்ரியல் தேவதை பலிபீடத்தின் வலதுபுறத்தில் தோன்றி எலிசபெத் ஒரு மகனைப் பெற்றெடுப்பார் என்பதை வெளிப்படுத்தினார்.

 ஆசீர்வதிக்கப்பட்ட கன்னி மேரியின் வருகை ஆறு மாத கர்ப்பமாக இருந்தபோது நடந்தது.  இந்த விஜயம் பல சிறந்த கலைஞர்களின் ஓவியங்களுக்கு உட்பட்ட ஒரு தொடுகின்ற சந்தர்ப்பமாகும்.  கேப்ரியல் தேவதை மரியாவுக்கான கடவுளின் திட்டத்தை அவளுக்கு வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார்.  அதே நேரத்தில், அவரது உறவினர் எலிசபெத் குழந்தையை சுமந்து செல்வதாக அவருக்கு தகவல் கிடைத்தது.  இதைக் கேட்டு மகிழ்ச்சி அடைந்த மேரி, எலிசபெத்தை பார்வையிடச் சென்றார், அவர் விரைவில் ஒரு குழந்தையின் தாயாக இருப்பார் என்பதையும், மகிழ்ச்சியில் பங்கு பெறுவதையும் தெரிவித்தார்.  நாசரேத்தின் தூசி நிறைந்த தெருக்களில் அவள் யூதேயா வருகிறாள்.

 மேரியின் வருகையைப் பார்த்து மகிழ்ச்சியடைந்த எலிசபெத், "இரட்சகரின் வருகையை முன்னறிவித்த என் இரட்சகரின் தாய்" என்று கூறி அவளை வரவேற்றார்.  எலிசபெத்தின் முகவரி, "நீங்கள் பெண்கள் மத்தியில் பாக்கியவான்கள்".  உங்கள் கருவறையின் கனிய பாக்கியம்.  என் இறைவனின் தாய் என்னிடம் வர இந்த அதிர்ஷ்டம் எனக்கு எங்கே கிடைத்தது?  இதோ, உங்கள் வணக்கம் என் காதுகளில் ஒலித்தபோது, ​​குழந்தை என் வயிற்றில் மகிழ்ச்சிக்காக குதித்தது.  கர்த்தர் சொன்னது நிறைவேறும் என்று நம்புகிறவள் பாக்கியவள்! ”

 எலிசபெத் பெற்றெடுத்தபோது, ​​அவளுடைய நண்பர்களும் அயலவர்களும் அவளுடன் மகிழ்ந்தார்கள் என்று நற்செய்தி சொல்கிறது.  மேலும், குழந்தையை விருத்தசேதனம் செய்ய அழைத்து வந்ததும், குழந்தைக்கு தந்தையின் பெயரை வைக்க வேண்டும் என்று எல்லோரும் முடிவு செய்ததும், எலிசபெத், “அவருடைய பெயர் ஜான் என்று இருக்க வேண்டும்” என்றார்.  புனித சக்கரியாஸ் மற்றும் புனித எலிசபெத் விருந்து ஒரே நாளில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது.  செயிண்ட் அபிஜாவின் குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தார் மற்றும் ஒரு பாதிரியார்.

 அக்கால வழக்கப்படி, தேவாலய சேவைகளைச் செய்ய ஒவ்வொரு வாரமும் ஏராளமான பாதிரியார்களை இழுப்பது வழக்கம்.  அதன்படி, அந்த வாரம் தேவாலய சேவைகளுக்கு சகரியா பொறுப்பேற்றார்.  இவ்வாறு புனித கேப்ரியல் தேவதை பலிபீடத்தின் வலதுபுறத்தில் பலிபீடத்தின் மீது மட்டும் தூபம் புகைந்து பிற சேவைகளில் ஈடுபட்டார்.  தரிசனத்தைப் பார்த்த ஜகாரியாஸ் பயந்து போனார்.

 கேப்ரியல் தேவதை புனிதருக்கு தனது மனைவியின் பிரார்த்தனைகள் நிறைவேறப் போவதாகவும், அவர்களுக்கு விரைவில் ஒரு மகன் பிறப்பான் என்றும், அவனை ஜான் என்று அழைக்க வேண்டும் என்றும் தெரிவித்தார்.  சக்கரியாஸால் அதை நம்ப முடியவில்லை.  அவரும் அவரது மனைவியும் வயதாகி வருவது வருத்தமாக இருந்தது.  சகரியா தனது பயத்தை வென்று புனித கேப்ரியல் தேவதூதரிடம் ஒரு அடையாளத்தைக் கேட்டார்.  அவர் மிகவும் சந்தேகம் கொண்டிருந்ததால், இந்த வாக்குறுதி நிறைவேறும் வரை சகாரியாஸ் ஊமையாக இருப்பார் என்று கூறப்பட்ட பின்னர் தேவதை காணாமல் போனார்.

 சக்கரியாஸ் கோயிலிலிருந்து வெளியே வந்தபோது, ​​அவர் ஊமையாக இருப்பதைக் கண்டார், தனக்கு கடவுள் தரிசனம் இருப்பதாக நம்பினார்.  எலிசபெத் கர்ப்பமாகி, கிறிஸ்துவுக்கு வழி வகுக்க பிறந்த புனித ஜானைப் பெற்றெடுத்தார்.  எட்டு நாட்களுக்குப் பிறகு, குழந்தையின் விருத்தசேதனம் செய்யப்பட்ட நேரத்தில், எலிசபெத் குழந்தைக்கு ஜான் என்று பெயரிடுமாறு கேட்டார்.

 அந்த நேரத்தில் பேச முடியாத சகாரியாஸ் ஒரு டேப்லெட்டைக் கேட்டு, "அவருடைய பெயர் ஜான்" என்று எழுதினார்.  இந்த நேரத்தில் அவரது பேச்சு மீட்டெடுக்கப்பட்டது.  பேசும் திறனைப் பெற்றவுடன், அவர் கடவுளைப் புகழத் தொடங்கினார்.  புதிய ஏற்பாடு சகரியாவைப் பற்றி மேலும் எதுவும் கூறவில்லை

Elizabeth (also spelled Elisabeth; Hebrew: אֱלִישֶׁבַע / אֱלִישָׁבַע "My God has sworn", Standard Hebrew: Elišévaʿ / Elišávaʿ, Tiberian Hebrew: ʾĔlîšéḇaʿ / ʾĔlîšāḇaʿ; Greek: Ἐλισάβετ Elisabet / Elisavet) was the mother of John the Baptist and the wife of Zechariah, according to the Gospel of Luke. She was past normal child-bearing age when she conceived and gave birth to John.

Born 1st century BC

Died 1st century BC (or early AD)

Venerated in

Roman Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox Church

Oriental Orthodox Church

Anglican Church

Lutheran Church

Islam

Canonized Pre-Congregation

Feast

5 November (Roman Catholic, Lutheran)

24 April (Eastern Orthodox, Anglican)

Patronage Pregnant women

Biblical narrative

According to the Gospel of Luke chapter 1, Elizabeth was "of the daughters of Aaron". She and her husband Zechariah/Zachariah were "righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless" (1:5–7), but childless. While he was in the temple of the Lord (1:8–12), Zachariah was visited by the angel Gabriel:

But the angel said to him: “Do not be afraid, Zechariah; your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to call him John. He will be a joy and delight to you, and many will rejoice because of his birth, for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He is never to take wine or other fermented drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit even before he is born.

— Luke 1:13–15

Zachariah doubted whereby he could know this since both he and his wife were old. The angel identified himself as Gabriel and told Zachariah that he would be "dumb, and not able to speak" until the words were fulfilled, because he did not believe. When the days of his ministry were complete, he returned to his house (Luke 1:16–23).

After this his wife Elizabeth became pregnant and for five months remained in seclusion. “The Lord has done this for me,” she said. “In these days he has shown his favor and taken away my disgrace among the people.”

— Luke 1:24–25

According to the account, the angel Gabriel was then sent to Nazareth in Galilee to her relative[Luke 1:36] Mary, a virgin, betrothed to a man called Joseph, and informed her that she would conceive by the Holy Spirit and bring forth a son to be called Jesus. Mary was also informed that her "relative Elizabeth" had begun her sixth month of pregnancy, and Mary traveled to "a town in the hill country of Judah", to visit Elizabeth (Luke 1:26–40).

When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit. In a loud voice she exclaimed: "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? As soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord would fulfill his promises to her!"

— Luke 1:41–45

15th century depiction of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, with Elizabeth on the left

Matthew Henry comments, "Mary knew that Elizabeth was with child, but it does not appear that Elizabeth had been told any thing of her relative Mary's being designed for the mother of the Messiah; and therefore what knowledge she appears to have had of it must have come by a revelation, which would be a great encouragement to Mary."[1] After Mary heard Elizabeth's blessing, she spoke the words now known as the Magnificat (Luke 1:46–55).

Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home.

When it was time for Elizabeth to have her baby, she gave birth to a son. Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown her great mercy, and they shared her joy.

On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they were going to name him after his father Zechariah, but his mother spoke up and said, “No! He is to be called John.”

They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who has that name.”

Then they made signs to his father, to find out what he would like to name the child. He asked for a writing tablet, and to everyone’s astonishment he wrote, “His name is John.” Immediately his mouth was opened and his tongue set free, and he began to speak, praising God.

— Luke 1:56–64

That is the last mention of Elizabeth, who is not mentioned in any other chapter in the Bible. The chapter continues with the prophecy of Zachariah (known as the Benedictus,) and ends with the note that John "grew, and became strong in spirit, and was in the deserts" until his ministry to Israel began; so it is unknown how long Elizabeth and her husband lived after that (Luke 1:65–80).

Since the Medieval era, Elizabeth's greeting, "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb," has formed the second part of the Hail Mary prayer.[2]

A traditional "tomb of Elizabeth" is shown in the Franciscan Monastery of Saint John in the Wilderness near Jerusalem.

Apocrypha

Elizabeth is mentioned in several books of the Apocrypha, most prominently in the Protevangelion of James, in which the birth of her son, the subsequent murder of her husband, as well as her and John's miraculous escape during the Massacre of the Innocents are chronicled.

Sainthood

Elizabeth is revered as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church on 5 November, and in the Orthodox and Anglican traditions on 5 September, on the same day with her husband Zacharias/Zechariah. She is commemorated as a matriarch in the Calendar of Saints (5 September) of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and Zacharias is commemorated as a prophet.[3]

Islam

Elizabeth (Arabic: Ishba', daughter of Faqudh), the wife of Zakaria, the mother of Yahya, is an honored woman in Islam.[6] Although Zachariah himself is frequently mentioned by name in the Qur'an, Elizabeth, while not mentioned by name, is referenced. She is revered by Muslims as a wise, pious and believing person who, like her relative Mary, was exalted by God to a high station.[6] She lived in the household of Imran, and is said to have been a descendant of the prophet and priest Harun.[7]

Zachariah and his wife were both devout and steadfast in their duties. They were, however, both very old and they had no son. Therefore, Zachariah would frequently pray to God for a son.[8] This was not only out of the desire to have a son but also because the great Jesus Christ wanted someone to carry on the services of the Temple of prayer and to continue the preaching of the Lord's message before his death. God cured Elizabeth's barrenness and granted Zachariah a son, Yahya (John the Baptist), who became a prophet.[9] God thus granted the wishes of the couple because of their faith, trust and love for God. In the Qur'an, God speaks of Zachariah, his wife, and John, and describes the three as being humble servants of the LORD:

So We listened to him: and We granted him John: We cured his wife's (Barrenness) for him. These (three) were ever quick in emulation in good works; they used to call on Us with love and reverence, and humble themselves before Us.

— Qur'an, chapter 21 (Prophets), verse 90[10]

In Sunni Islamic reports of al-Tabari and al-Masudi, Elizabeth is said to have been a daughter of Imran, and thus, a sister of Mary. Therefore, their children Jesus (Isa) and John (Yahya) are believed to have been cousins. In other accounts, Elizabeth is said to be a daughter of Fakudh, and a sister of Imran's wife Hannah.[11]

In Shia hadith she is named Hananah, and is identified as a sister of Mary's mother Hannah. Abu Basir recorded that Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, the great grandson of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, had stated: "Hannah, the wife of Imran, and Hananah, the wife of Zechariah, were sisters. He goes on to say that Mary was born from Hannah and John was born from Hananah. Mary gave birth to Jesus and he was the son of the daughter of John's aunt. John was the son of the aunt of Mary, and the aunt of one's mother is like one's aunt."[12]

Mandaeism

In Mandaeism, Enišbai (Classical Mandaic: ࡏࡍࡉࡔࡁࡀࡉ, romanized: ʿnišbai) is the Mandaic name for Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist. Enišbai is mentioned in chapters 18, 21, and 32 of the Mandaean Book of John

Zachary was a priest in Jerusalem whose wife, Elizabeth, Mary's cousin, was beyond child-bearing age. He was told by an angel in a vision that they would have a son and should name him John. When he doubted this, he was struck dumb. Elizabeth was visited by Mary, at which time Mary spoke the hymn of praise now known at the Magnificat, and after John's birth, Zachary's speech was restored. This is all that is known of Elizabeth and Zachary, and is found in the New Testament in Luke, Chapter 1. An unvarifiable tradition has Zachary murdered in the Temple when he refused to tell Herod where his son John was to be found. Their feast day is November 5th.

Zechariah (Hebrew: זְכַרְיָה Zəḵaryāh, "remember Yah"; Greek: Ζαχαρίας; Zacharias in KJV; Zachary in the Douay–Rheims Bible; Zakariyya (Arabic: زكـريـا) in Islamic tradition) is a figure in the New Testament and the Quran,[2] and venerated in Christianity and Islam.[3] In the Bible he is the father of John the Baptist, a priest of the sons of Aaron in the Gospel of Luke (1:67–79), and the husband of Elizabeth who is a relative of the Virgin Mary (Luke 1:36).

Born 1st century BC

Died 1st century BC (or early 1st century AD)

Jerusalem (Matthew 23:35), the Levant

Venerated in Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox Church

Oriental Orthodox Church

Anglicanism

Lutheranism

Islam

Canonized Pre-Congregation

Feast September 5 – Eastern Orthodox

September 5 – Lutheran

September 23 – Roman Catholic

Zechariah (Hebrew: זְכַרְיָה Zəḵaryāh, "remember Yah"; Greek: Ζαχαρίας; Zacharias in KJV; Zachary in the Douay–Rheims Bible; Zakariyya (Arabic: زكـريـا) in Islamic tradition) is a figure in the New Testament and the Quran,[2] and venerated in Christianity and Islam.[3] In the Bible he is the father of John the Baptist, a priest of the sons of Aaron in the Gospel of Luke (1:67–79), and the husband of Elizabeth who is a relative of the Virgin Mary (Luke 1:36).

Born 1st century BC

Died 1st century BC (or early 1st century AD)

Jerusalem (Matthew 23:35), the Levant

Venerated in Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox Church

Oriental Orthodox Church

Anglicanism

Lutheranism

Islam

Canonized Pre-Congregation

Feast September 5 – Eastern Orthodox

September 5 – Lutheran

September 23 – Roman Catholic

Biblical account

According to the Gospel of Luke, during the reign of king Herod, there was a priest named Zechariah, of the course of Abia, whose wife Elizabeth was also of the priestly family of Aaron. The evangelist states that both the parents were righteous before God, since they were "blameless" in observing the commandments and ordinances of the Lord. When the events related in Luke began, their marriage was still childless, because Elizabeth was "barren", and they were both "well advanced in years" (Luke 1:5–7).

The duties at the temple in Jerusalem alternated between each of the family lines that had descended from those appointed by king David (1 Chronicles 24:1–19).[4] Luke states that during the week when it was the duty of Zechariah's family line to serve at "the temple of the Lord", the lot for performing the incense offering had fallen to Zechariah (Luke 1:8–11).

The Gospel of Luke states that while Zechariah ministered at the altar of incense, an angel of the Lord appeared and announced to him that his wife would give birth to a son, whom he was to name John, and that this son would be the forerunner of the Lord (Luke 1:12–17). Citing their advanced age, Zechariah asked with disbelief for a sign whereby he would know the truth of this prophecy. In reply, the angel identified himself as Gabriel, sent especially by God to make this announcement, and added that because of Zechariah's doubt he would be struck dumb and "not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed". Consequently, when he went out to the waiting worshippers in the temple's outer courts, he was unable to speak the customary blessing (Luke 1:18–22).

After returning to his house in "Hebron, in the hill country of Judah",[5] his wife Elizabeth conceived. After Elizabeth completed her fifth month of pregnancy, her relative Mary was visited by the same angel, Gabriel. While still a virgin, Gabriel said to her, "Do not be afraid, Mary; you have found favor with God. You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus. 'How will this be,' Mary asked the angel, 'since I am a virgin?' The angel answered, 'The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God.'" Joseph, whom Mary was betrothed to, found out that she was pregnant, obviously disturbing news. Because he "was faithful to the law, and yet did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, 'Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.' 24 When Joseph woke up, he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife."

Mary then travelled to visit her relative Elizabeth, having been told by the angel that Elizabeth was in her sixth month of pregnancy. Mary remained about three months before she returned to her own house (Luke 1:23–45;56).

Elizabeth gave birth, and on the eighth day, when their son was to be circumcised according to the commandment, her neighbours and relatives assumed that he was to be named after his father. Elizabeth, however, insisted that his name was to be John; so the family then questioned her husband. As soon as Zechariah had written on a writing table: "His name is John", he regained the power of speech, and blessed "the Lord God of Israel" with a prophecy known as the Benedictus or "Song of Zechariah" (Luke 1:57–79).

The child grew up and "waxed strong in spirit", but remained in the deserts of Judæa until he assumed the ministry that was to earn him the name "John the Baptist" (Luke 1:80; 3:2–3; Matthew 3:1).

Other Christian traditions

Identification with Zechariah from Matthew

Origen suggested that the Zechariah mentioned in Matthew 23:35 as having been killed between the temple and the altar may be the father of John the Baptist.[6]

Death

The martyrdom of Zachariah in the Temple during the Massacre of the Innocents; and the Flight of Elizabeth, as depicted in a miniature from the Paris Gregory, a 9th-century manuscript codex

The Gospel of James, a 2nd-century apocryphal work, recounts that, at the time of the massacre of the Innocents, when King Herod ordered the slaughter of all males under the age of two in an attempt to prevent the prophesied Messiah from coming to Israel, Zechariah refused to divulge the whereabouts of his son (who was in hiding), and he was therefore murdered by Herod's soldiers. This account is also present in subsequent Eastern Orthodox tradition.

Commemoration

The Catholic Church commemorates him as a saint, along with Elizabeth, on September 23rd as it is believed that his temple duty before John the Baptist's conception took place on the Day of Atonement.[7] He is also venerated as a prophet in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on September 5. The Eastern Orthodox Church also celebrates the feast day of Zechariah on September 5, together with Elizabeth, who is considered a matriarch. Zechariah and Elizabeth are invoked in several prayers during the Orthodox Mystery of Crowning (Sacrament of Marriage), as the priest blesses the newly married couple, saying "Thou who didst... accept Zechariah and Elizabeth, and didst make their offspring the Forerunner..." and "...bless them, O Lord our God, as Thou didst Zechariah and Elizabeth...". In the Greek Orthodox calendar, Zechariah and Elizabeth are also commemorated on June 24.

Relics veneration

The Church of San Zaccaria in Venice, Italy claims to house the relics of Zechariah, entombed alongside those of Saint Athanasius of Alexandria. Armenians believe that the Gandzasar Monastery in Nagorno Karabakh, Azerbaijan contains his relics; however, his relics were also kept in the Great Church of Constantinople, where they were brought by the praefectus urbi Ursus on September 4, 415.[8]

His relics uncovering is commemorated by Greek Orthodox Church on 11 February, and translation of his relics is commemorated on 1 December.[9]

The Tomb of Absalom, built in the 1st century CE in the Kidron Valley; an inscription added three centuries later claims that it is Zechariah's tomb.

In 2003, a 4th-century inscription on the so-called Tomb of Absalom, a 1st-century monument in Jerusalem, was deciphered as, "This is the tomb of Zachariah, the martyr, the holy priest, the father of John." This suggests to some scholars that it is the burial place of Zechariah the father of John the Baptist. Professor Gideon Foerster at the Hebrew University states that the inscription tallies with a 6th-century Christian text by a pilgrim named Theodosius which states that Zechariah was buried with Simon the Elder and James the brother of Jesus, and believes that both are authentic.[10][11] Zias and Puech suggest the inscription may refer to another 'Zekariah' mentioned by Josephus and the Talmud who was martyred in the time of Vespasian. They also suggest the inscription casts doubt on the tomb being Absalom's. Although it was referred to as such in the 1st century, Absalom had lived centuries earlier.[12]

In Islam

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim

Part of a series on Islam

Islamic prophets

Anbiya

Prophets in the Quran

Listed by Islamic name and Biblical name.

ʾĀdam (Adam)ʾIdrīs (Enoch)Nūḥ (Noah)Hūd (Eber)Ṣāliḥ (Selah)ʾIbrāhīm (Abraham)Lūṭ (Lot)ʾIsmāʿīl (Ishmael)ʾIsḥāq (Isaac)Yaʿqūb (Jacob)Yūsuf (Joseph)Ayūb (Job)Shuʿayb (Jethro)Mūsā (Moses)Hārūn (Aaron)Dhul-Kifl (Ezekiel)Dāūd (David)Sulaymān (Solomon)Yūnus (Jonah)ʾIlyās (Elijah)Alyasaʿ (Elisha)Zakarīya (Zechariah)Yaḥyā (John)ʿĪsā (Jesus)Muḥammad (Muhammad)

Zechariah (Arabic: زكريا Zakariyya) is also a prophet in Islam, and is mentioned in the Qur'an as the father of Yaḥyā (John the Baptist). Zechariah is also believed by some Muslims to have been a martyr. An old tradition narrates that Zakariya was sawed in half,[13] in a death which resembles that attributed to Isaiah in Lives of the Prophets

Saint Guido Maria Conforti

Profile

As a child he used to have conversations in his parish church with Christ crucified. Entered the seminary in Parma, Italy at age 17. Ordained on 22 September 1888. Professor at the seminary. Vice-rector of the seminary. Vicar of Clergy in the diocese of Parma. Founded the Xaverian Missionaries on 3 December 1895; they were assigned by Rome to evangelize China. Archbishop of Ravenna, Italy on 9 June 1902. Resigned as archbishop due to poor health in October 1904. Coadjutor bishop of Parma, Italy and titular archbishop of Stauropolis on 14 November 1904. Archbishop of Parma, Italy on 12 December 1907. He visited his parishes regularly, worked for religious formation, supported religious education for the laity and lay involvement with youth. In 1928 he travelled to China to visit the Xaverians working there.

Born

30 March 1865 at Ravadese, Parma, Italy

Died

• 5 November 1931 in Parma, Italy of natural causes

• buried in the center of the apse of the church of the motherhouse of the Xaverian Missionaries in Parma

Beatified

• 17 March 1996 by Pope John Paul II in Rome, Italy

• the beatification miracle involved the cure of 12 year old Sabina Kamariza's pancreatic cancer in Burundi, Africa in 1965

Canonized

23 October 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI

Patronage

Xaverian Missionaries

Blessed Narcyz Putz

Also known as

Narcissus Putz

Additional Memorial

12 June as one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II

Profile

Priest at Saint Wojciech parish, Poznan, Poland. Arrested in the Nazi anti-Catholic sweeps of 1939 and sent to the Catholic clergy section of the Dachau concentration camp. There he continued his ministry by caring for other prisoners and suffering his own privations in quiet dignity. Martyr.

Born

28 October 1877 in Sieraków, Wielkopolskie, Poland

Died

5 December 1942 in the Dachau concentration camp, Oberbayern, Germany from disease and general abuse

Beatified

13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg

 அருளாளர் பெர்னார்ட் லிச்டென்பெர்க் 

(Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg)

கத்தோலிக்க குரு, இறையியலாளர் மற்றும் மறைசாட்சி:

(Catholic Priest, Theologian, and Martyr)

பிறப்பு: டிசம்பர் 3, 1875

ஓலாவ், புருஸ்ஸியன் சிலேசியா, புருஸ்ஸியா இராச்சியம், ஜெர்மன் பேரரசு

(Ohlau, Prussian Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire)

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 5, 1943 (வயது 67)

பெர்லினிலிருந்து ஜெர்மனியின் டச்சாவ் வதை முகாமுக்கு கொண்டு செல்லப்பட்டபோது

(While being transported from Berlin to Dachau concentration camp, Germany)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை (ஜெர்மனி)

(Roman Catholic Church (Germany)

முக்திப்பேறு பட்டம்: ஜூன் 23, 1996

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பவுல்

(Pope John Paul II)

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்: 

செயின்ட் ஹெட்விக் கதீட்ரல், பெர்லின், ஜெர்மனி

(St. Hedwig's Cathedral, Berlin, Germany)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 5

அருளாளர் பெர்னார்ட் லிச்டென்பெர்க், ஒரு கத்தோலிக்க குருவும், இறையியலாளரும், மற்றும் மறைசாட்சியுமாவார். கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையினால் முக்திப்பேறு பட்டமளிக்கப்பட்ட இவருக்கு, "நாடுகளிடையே நீதிமான்" (Righteous among the Nations) என்ற பட்டமும் வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. ஜெர்மானிய நாட்டை சர்வாதிகாரியான அடால்ஃப் ஹிட்லரும், அவரது நாஜிக்களும் ஆண்ட காலத்தில், நாஜிக்களால் கைது செய்யப்பட்டு சிறைவைக்கப்பட்டிருந்த இவர் மறைசாட்சியாக மரித்தார்.

"ஜெர்மன் பேரரசின்" (German Empire) "புருஸ்ஸியா இராச்சியத்தின்" (Kingdom of Prussia) "புருஸ்ஸியன் சிலேசியா" (Prussian Silesia) மாநிலத்தின் "ஓலாவ்" (Ohlau) எனுமிடத்தில், கி.பி. 1875ம் ஆண்டு, டிசம்பர் மாதம், 3ம் நாளன்று பிறந்த பெர்னார்ட் லிச்டென்பெர்க், மேற்கு ஆஸ்திரியாவின் (Western Austria) "டைரோல்" (Tyrol) மாநிலத்தின் தலைநகரான "இன்ஸ்ப்ரக்" (Innsbruck) நகரில் இறையியல் பயின்ற இவர், கி.பி. 1899ம் ஆண்டு, குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார். ஜெர்மனி (Germany) நாட்டின் தலைநகரான பெர்லின் (Berlin) நகரில், கி.பி. 1900ம் ஆண்டு, தமது மறைப்பணியை தொடங்கிய இவர், முதலாம் உலகப்போரின்போது, (World War I) இராணுவ குருவாக (Military Chaplain) சேவையாற்றினார்.

1932ம் ஆண்டில், பெர்லின் ஆயர், (Bishop of Berlin) அவரை புனித ஹெட்விக் கதீட்ரல் மறைப்பணியாளர்களின் கல்லூரியின் (Cathedral Chapter of St. Hedwig) சட்ட நியதியாக நியமித்தார்.

எரிச் மரியா ரெமார்க்ஸின் போர் எதிர்ப்பு திரைப்படமான "ஆல் க்யூட் ஆன் தி வெஸ்டர்ன் ஃப்ரண்ட்" (All Quiet on the Western Front) திரைப்பட பதிப்பைக் காண்பதற்கு கத்தோலிக்கர்களை அவர் ஊக்குவித்தது, ஜோசப் கோயபல்ஸின் (Joseph Goebbels) டெர் ஆங்ரிஃப் ஒரு மோசமான தாக்குதலைத் தூண்டியது. 1933ம் ஆண்டு, ஜெர்மனி நாட்டின் இரகசிய உளவுத்துறை காவல்துறையினர் முதன்முதலாக அவரது இல்லத்தை சோதனையிட்டார்கள்.

மத்திய கட்சியில் (Centre Pary) தீவிர செயல்பாட்டாளராக விளங்கிய இவர், 1935ம் ஆண்டு, ஜெர்மன் (Jerman) அரசியல் மற்றும் இராணுவ தலைவர்களில் ஒருவரும், நாஜிக்களின் முக்கிய பிரமுகருமான "ஹெர்மன் கோரிங்" (Hermann Göring) என்பவரின் முன்னிலையில், நாஜிக்களின் சித்திரவதை முகாம்களின் கொடுமைகளை எதிர்த்து போராடச்சென்றார்.

கதீட்ரலின் புரோவோஸ்ட் என்று பெயரிடப்பட்ட, 1938 ஆம் ஆண்டில், லிச்சன்பெர்க் பேர்லின் எபிஸ்கோபட்டின் நிவாரண அலுவலகத்தின் பொறுப்பில் வைக்கப்பட்டார், இது யூத வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்த பல கத்தோலிக்கர்களுக்கு மூன்றாம் ரைச்சிலிருந்து குடியேற உதவியது. "கதீட்ரலின் புரோவோஸ்ட்" (Provost of the Cathedral) என்ற பதவியிலமர்த்தப்பட்ட இவர், 1938ம் ஆண்டில், எபிஸ்கோபட்டின் நிவாரண அலுவலகத்தின் பொறுப்பில் வைக்கப்பட்டார். இது யூத வம்சாவளியைச் சேர்ந்த பல கத்தோலிக்கர்களை நாஜிக்களின் ஜெர்மனியிலிருந்து புலம்பெயர்ந்து வெளியேற குடியேற உதவியது.

ஜெர்மனியில் முதன்முதலில் திட்டமிடப்பட்டு செயல்படுத்தப்பட்ட "நவம்பர் படுகொலை" (November Pogrom) அல்லது "கிறிஸ்டால்நாட்ச்" (Kristallnacht) படுகொலைகளின் பின்னர், லிச்சன்பெர்க், பெர்லின் நகரின் "செயிண்ட் ஹெட்விக்" தேவாலயத்தில் "வெளியே எரியும் ஜெப ஆலயமும் கடவுளின் வீடுதான்" என்று வெளிப்படையாக எச்சரித்தார். 1941ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், தாம் கைது செய்யப்படும்வரை, லிச்சன்பெர்க் தினசரி வெஸ்பர்ஸ் சேவையில் (Vespers service) துன்புறுத்தப்பட்ட யூதர்களுக்காக பகிரங்கமாக ஜெபித்தார். ஆயர் "கொன்ராட் வான் ப்ரீசிங்" (Konrad von Preysing) பின்னர் நகரத்தின் யூத சமூகத்திற்கு உதவுவதற்கான பணியை அவரிடம் ஒப்படைத்தார்.

நோய்வாய்ப்பட்ட மற்றும் மனநலம் பாதிக்கப்பட்டவர்களையும், யூத மக்களையும், கைதுசெய்து துன்புறுத்துவதற்கும் கொலை செய்வதற்கும் எதிராக அவர் நாஜி அதிகாரிகளுக்கு நேரில் எதிர்ப்பு தெரிவித்ததுடன், அவர்களை எதிர்த்துப் போராடினார். முதலில், நாஜிக்கள் பாதிரியாரை ஒரு தொல்லை என்று தள்ளுபடி செய்தனர். தந்தை லிச்சன்பெர்க் தனது நடவடிக்கைகளுக்காக கைது செய்யப்படும் அபாயத்தில் இருப்பதாக எச்சரிக்கப்பட்டார். ஆனாலும் அவர் தமது போராட்டங்களை தொடர்ந்தார்.

"டச்சாவ்" (Dachau) போன்ற சித்திரவதை முகாம்களின் துன்புறுத்தல்கள் குறித்து, சில முகாம்களுக்கு வெளியே அவர்களுக்கு எதிராக ஆர்ப்பாட்டங்களை ஏற்பாடு செய்தார்.

1941ம் ஆண்டில், லிச்சன்பெர்க், தன்னிச்சையான கருணைக்கொலை திட்டத்திற்கு எதிராக "ரீச்" நகரின் தலைமை மருத்துவர் (Chief Physician of the Reich), பொது சுகாதார அமைச்சர் (Minister of Public Health) "லியோனார்டோ கான்டி" (Leonardo Conti) (1900-1945) என்பவருக்கு எழுதிய கடிதத்தில் தமது எதிர்ப்பை பின்வருமாறு தெரிவித்தார்:

                             "நான், ஒரு மனிதனாக, ஒரு கிறிஸ்தவனாக, ஒரு பாதிரியாராக, மற்றும் ஒரு ஜேர்மனியனாக, உங்களுடைய ஆட்சியில் உங்கள் அதிகாரத்தாலும் ஒப்புதலாலும் நடைபெறும் குற்றம் - கொலைகளுக்கு நீங்கள் பதில் அளிக்கவேண்டுகிறேன். உங்களுடைய இத்தகைய பாவச் செயல்களால் ஜெர்மானிய மக்கள் இறைவனின் கோபத்திற்கு ஆளாக நேரிடும்."

நாஜி ஜெர்மனியின் சுகாதார நிறுவனங்களில் நடைபெற்ற கருணைக்கொலைகளுக்கு எதிராக கிறிஸ்தவ திருச்சபைகள் எதிர்ப்பு தெரிவித்தவுடன் அத்தகைய செயல்கள் விரைவில் நிறுத்தப்பட்டது. முக்கிய, மிகவும் போற்றப்பட்ட மதகுருமார்கள் மற்றும் பிற எதிர்ப்பாளர்களை சிறையில் அடைக்க வேண்டும் என்ற நாஜி தலைவர்களின் முடிவினால், - அவர்கள் பெரிதும் அஞ்சிய எதிர்மறையான பொதுமக்களின் எதிர்பின் அடிப்படையில் விளைவுகளைக் கொண்ட ஒருநெறி - அல்லது திட்டத்தை முடிவுக்குக் கொண்டுவந்தார்கள்.

1941ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 23ம் நாளன்று, லிச்சன்பெர்க் கைது செய்யப்பட்டு இரண்டு ஆண்டுகள் சிறைத்தண்டனை விதிக்கப்பட்டார். திருத்தமுடியாத குற்றவாளி என்று அவரை தீர்மானித்ததால், அவரை அவர் "டச்சாவ் சித்திரவதை முகாமுக்கு" (Dachau Concentration Camp) அனுப்பினார்கள். ஆனால், பயணத்தின் நடுவே, 1943ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 5ம் நாளன்று, "பவேரியா"வின் (Bavaria) "ஹோஃப்" (Hof) நகரில் அவர் சரிந்து விழுந்து மரித்தார்.

(நாஜி ஜெர்மனி பற்றின சிறு குறிப்பு):

நாஜி ஜெர்மனி என்பது, அடால்ப் ஹிட்லர் மற்றும் அவரது நாஜி கட்சியின் கீழ் இருந்த ஜெர்மனி நாட்டை குறிக்க வழங்கப்படும் ஆங்கிலப்பெயராகும். ஹிட்லர், ஜெர்மனியை 1933 முதல் 1945ம் ஆண்டுவரை சர்வாதிகாரியாக ஆண்டார். இவரது ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் ஜெர்மனி உலகின் பெரிய பாசிச சக்தியாக உருவெடுத்தது.

ஹிட்லரின் நாடுபிடிக்கும் ஆசையால் ஐரோப்பா முழுவதும் பதட்டம் நிலவியது. இது இரண்டாம் உலகப் போருக்கு வித்திட்டது. போர் காலத்தில் இந்நாடு மனித குலத்துக்கு எதிரான குற்றச் செயல்களில் பெருமளவில் ஈடுபட்டது. நாஜி படைகள் இரண்டாம் உலகப்போரில் தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்ட பின்பு நாஜிக்களின் ஆட்சி ஜெர்மனியில் முடிவுக்கு வந்தது.

Profile

Priest in the diocese of Berlin, Germany. He served in the Berlin Cathedral, and was well known in civic circles. An out-spoken critic of the Nazis and their anti-Semitism, Father Berhard organized protests outside the concentration camps, led public prayers for the Jews after the terrors of Krystallnacht, and filed formal complaints against the racist policies of the party. For these works he was imprisoned for two years. Upon his release he immediately resumed his ministry, both pastoral and social. He was arrested again, sentenced to the Dachau concentration camp, but died en route. Martyr.

Born

3 December 1875 at Ohlau, Germany

Died

martyred on 5 November 1943 in a cattle car at Hof, Germany while en route to the Dachau concentration camp

Beatified

23 June 1996 by Pope John Paul II at the Olympic Stadium, Berlin, Germany

Saint Gerald of Beziers

Also known as

• Gerald of Puissalicon

• Guiraud, Geraud, Geraldo

Profile

Augustinian canon regular. Deacon in 1094; ordained to the priesthood in 1101. Abbot of Cassan Abbey near Roujan, France in 1105. Bishop of Beziers, France in 1121. Spent all his diocese's revenues to care for the poor.

Born

c.1070 at Puissalicon, France

Died

• 5 November 1123 in Beziers, France of natural causes

• buried near Saint Aphrodise, first bishop of Beziers

• relics transferred to a nearby, but now defunct, Poor Clare convent in Beziers on 11 November 1259

• relics enshrined at the church of Saint Aphrodise in 1355

• relics destroyed in 1793 during the anti-Christianity excesses of the French Revolution

• a silver and amethyst ring that belonged to Gerald has survived, but was stolen in 1980

Representation

bishop distributing alms

Blessed Hryhorii Lakota

Also known as

Gregor, Gregory, Hryhorij, Hryhory

Additional Memorial

27 June as one of the Martyrs Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe

Profile

Greek Catholic. Studied theology at Lviv, Ukraine. Ordained in 1908 at Przemysl (in modern Poland). Doctor of theology at Vienna, Austria in 1911. Professor at the Ukrainian seminary at Przemysl in 1913. Rector of the seminary. Auxiliary bishop of Przemysl, Poland on 16 May 1926. Arrested for his faith on 9 June 1946; sentenced to ten years at Vorkuta, Russia. Died in prison. One of the Martyrs Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe.

Born

31 January 1883 at Holodivka, Lviv District, Ukraine

Died

12 November 1950 at Abez, Vorkuta, Russia

Beatified

27 June 2001 by Pope John Paul II in Ukraine

Blessed María del Carmen Viel Ferrando

Profile

Lay woman in the archdiocese of Valencia, Spain. Baptized at the age of two days, and made her First Communion on 24 April 1904 in her home parish of Saint Peter the Apostle. Worked as a seamstress. Studied sociology; she worked with working young people, and brought the Salesian Sisters to the region in 1931 to help with the religious education of young people. She was devoted to Eucharistic adoration, regular Communion, and prayed the rosary every day. Member of Catholic Action. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

27 November 1893 in Sueca, Valencia, Spain

Died

5 November 1936 in El Saler, Valencia, Spain

Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Bertille

Also known as

Bertilla

Profile

French noble in the reign of King Dagobert I. Friend and spiritual student of Saint Ouen of Rouen. Bertille wanted to enter religious life, but delayed and worried, thinking her parents would oppose her choice; they did not. Benedictine nun at the convent at Jouarre, Brie, France, an abbey founded by Saint Owen's brother Ado under the strict rule of Saint Columbanus. Infirmarian. Convent school headmistress. Prioress. Abbess of the abbey at Chelles from 646, when it was restored by Saint Bathildis, until her death. During this time the convent attracted nuns that included a queen, several Merovingian princesses, and many Anglo-Saxon noble women.

Born

at Soissons, France

Died

c.703

Blessed Gomidas Keumurjian

Also known as

• Gomida Keumurgian

• Cosma de Carboniano

Profile

Married at age 20. Priest in the Armenian church. In 1696 he and his family made complete submission to the authority of Rome. This angered Armenian officials who took this as an insult. Some of them falsely accused Gomidas of being a spy for Rome, which led to his arrest and execution by Turkish authorities. Considered a martyr as his death was the result of his faith.

Born

c.1656 at Constantinople

Died

beheaded 1707 at Parmark-Kapu, Constantinople

Beatified

23 June 1929 by Pope Pius XI

Saints Epistemis and Galation

Profile

Saint Galation was a Christian married to Epistemis, and brought her to the faith. They both then retired to monasteries and were later martyred in the persecutions of Decius. It's possible they were fictional, the story of their lives being written as fiction but misunderstood as fact; however, married couples agreeing to enter religious life was not unusual at the time.

Died

251 at Emessa, Pheonicia

Saint Ðaminh Mau

Also known as

Dominic

Additional Memorial

24 November as one of the Martyrs of Vietnam

Profile

Dominican. Priest. Promoted the use of the Rosary to strengthen the faith of Christians. Imprisoned in the persecutions of emperor Tu-Duc, he ministered to other prisoners until he was executed. Martyr.

Born

c.1794 in Phú Nhai, Nam Ðinh, Vietnam

Died

beheaded 5 November 1858 by the river in Hung Yên, Vietnam

Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Comasia

Profile

Martyr.

Died

• 3rd century Rome, Italy

• buried in the catacombs of Saint Agnes, Nomentana, Rome

• relics enshrined in Martina Franca, Italy in 1646 by Cardinal Sacrati with the approval of Pope Innocent X

• rain is reported to have followed the procession that delivered her relics, which led to her patronage against drought

Patronage

• against drought

• Martina Franca, Italy

Saint Laetus of Orléans

Also known as

Lie, Lié, Lyé, Laetus

Profile

Monk from age 12. Priest. Spiritual advisor to Saint Leonard of Noblac.

Born

region of Berry, France

Died

• 533 in the forest of Orléans, France of natural causes

• relics enshrined in Saint-Lié-la-Forêt, France

Saint Mamete

Also known as

Mamet

Additional Memorial

17 August in the diocese of Saint-Flour, France

Profile

Priest. Evangelist in the region of Saint-Flour, France, assigned by Saint Astremonius of Clermont, France. The town of Saint-Mamet-la-Salvetat, France is named for him.

Died

4th century Auvergne, France of natural causes

Saint Kea

Also known as

Kay, Ke, Kenan, Quay

Profile

Born to the nobility. Ministered in Devon and Cornwall, where Landkey is named for him, and in Brittany where he was known as Quay.

Born

at Glastonbury, England

Died

6th century

Patronage

against toothaches

Representation

with a stag

Saint Domninus the Physician

Also known as

Donnino

Profile

Physician condemned to work the mines during the persecutions of Maximian. Martyr.

Died

burned to death in 310 in Palestine

Saint Idda

Profile

Born to the southern German nobility, Idda spent as much of her time in prayer as possible. Married. Widowed, she spent her final days at the Benedictine abbey of Fischingen, Germany.

Died

12th century of natural causes

Saint Spinulus

Also known as

Spin, Spinula

Profile

Monk at Moyenmoutier, France. Friend of Saint Hidulf. Founded the monastery of Bégon-Celle (now known as Saint-Blasien) in France.

Died

c.714

Saint Hermenegild

Profile

Benedictine monk at Salcedo, diocese of Tui, Spanish Galatia. Helped Saint Rudesind spread the Benedictine Rule throughout northwest Spain.

Born

Spanish

Died

953

Saint Augustine of Terracina

Profile

Sixth century Benedictine monk. Dispatched by Saint Benedict of Nursia to found a monastery in Terracina, Italy.

Saint Sylvanus of Syria

Profile

Bishop condemned to work the mines during the persecutions of Maximian. Martyr.

Born

Syrian

Saint Fibitius

Also known as

Fibizio, Fibicio

Profile

Abbot of a monastery in Trier, Germany. Bishop of Trier.

Died

c.500

Saint Eusebius of Terracina

Profile

Martyr.

Died

1st century in Terracina, Italy

Saint Guetnoco

Profile

Brother monk of Saint Winwallus and Saint Giacuto at Landevennec monastery in Brittany, France. Abbot.

Saint Kanten

Also known as

Cannen

Profile

Founder of Llanganten abbey, Powys, Wales.

Died

8th century

Saint Dominator of Brescia

Profile

Bishop of Brescia, Italy.

Died

c.495

Saint Felix of Terracina

Profile

Martyr.

Died

1st century in Terracina, Italy

Saint Canonica

Profile

Daughter of a prince of Constantinople. Hermitess in the desert of Jordan.

Saint Marco of Troia

Profile

Bishop of Troia, Italy.

Martyrs of Caesarea Maritima

Profile

Four young Christian men who were martyred together in the persecutions of Maximian - Aussenzius, Philotheus, Timothy and Theotimus.

Died

in the arena at Caesarea Maritima, Palestine

Martyred in the Spanish Civil War

Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:

• Blessed Juan Antoni Burró Mas

• Blessed Juan Duarte Martín

• Blessed María del Carmen Viel Ferrando

All Jesuit Saints

Also known as

• Society of Jesus

• Company of Jesus

Founded

1534 by Saint Ignatius Loyola at Montmartre, Paris, France

Article

A body of clerics regular organized for Apostolic work, following a religious rule and relying on alms for their support. It was the chief instrument of the Catholic Reformation. Pope Paul III approved the new rule in 1540, and Ignatius was elected the first general of the order in 1541. The constitutions, drafted by him and based on his Spiritual Exercies were adopted in 1558. It was the first order which enjoined by its constitutions devotion to the cause of education. The ministry of the Society consists chiefly in preaching; teaching catechism; administering the sacraments; conducting missions in parishes; taking care of parishes; organizing pious confraternities; teaching in schools of every grade; writing books, pamphlets, periodical articles; going on foreign missions, and special missions when ordered by the pope. The general resides at Rome, Italy and has a council of assistants. The motto of the Society is Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (For the greater glory of God).

Profiled Jesuit Saints, Beati and Venerables

• Blessed Aleixo Delgado • Blessed Alfredo Simón Colomina • Blessed Alonso de Baena • Blessed Alphonsus Pacheco • Blessed Álvaro Borralho Mendes • Blessed Amaro Vaz • Blessed Ambrose Fernandez • Blessed André Gonçalves • Blessed Anne-Alexandre-Charles-Marie Lanfant • Blessed Anthony Baldinucci • Blessed Anthony Turner • Blessed António Correia • Blessed Antônio Fernandes • Blessed António Soares • Blessed Antonius Kyuni • Blessed Antony Ixida • Blessed Augustine Ota • Blessed Baltasar de Torres Arias • Blessed Bartholomew Alvarez • Blessed Bento de Castro • Blessed Bernardo Francisco de Hoyos Seña • Blessed Brás Ribeiro • Blessed Camillus Costanzo • Blessed Carlo Spinola • Blessed Charles Spinola • Blessed Charles-François le Gué • Blessed Charles-Jéremie Bérauld du Pérou • Blessed Claude Cayx-Dumas • Blessed Claude-Antoine-Raoul Laporte • Blessed Claude-François Gagnières des Granges • Blessed Constantino Carbonell Sempere • Blessed Dario Hernández Morató • Blessed Didacus Yuki Ryosetsu • Blessed Diego Carvalho • Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores-Alonso • Blessed Diogo de Andrade • Blessed Diogo Pires Mimoso • Blessed Dionysius Fugixima • Blessed Domingos Fernandes • Blessed Dominic Collins • Blessed Edmund Daniel • Blessed Edward Oldcorne • Blessed Éloy Herque du Roule • Blessed Emmanuel d’Abreu • Blessed Esteban Zuraire • Blessed Fernando Sánchez • Blessed Francis Page • Blessed Francisco Alvares • Blessed Francisco de Magalhães • Blessed Francisco Pacheco • Blessed Francisco Pérez Godoy • Blessed François Balmain • Blessed François Varheilhe-Duteil • Blessed François-Hyacinthe lé Livec de Trésurin • Blessed Gaspar Alvares • Blessed Gaspar Sadamatsu • Blessed Giovanni Battista Zola • Blessed Giovanni Fausti • Blessed Gonçalo Henriques • Blessed Gregorio Escribano • Blessed Guillaume-Antoine Delfaut • Blessed Gundisalvus Fusai Chozo • Blessed Gundisalvus Fusai Chozo • Blessed Ignatius de Azevedo • Blessed Ioannes Chugoku • Blessed Ioannes Kisaku • Blessed Iõao • Blessed Iulianus Nakaura • Blessed Jacques Friteyre-Durvé • Blessed Jacques Salès • Blessed Jacques-Jules Bonnaud • Blessed Jan Beyzym • Blessed Jean Charton de Millou • Blessed Jean-Antoine Seconds • Blessed Jean-François-Marie Benoît-Vourlat • Blessed Jean-Nicolas Cordier • Blessed Jerome de Angelis • Blessed João Fernandes • Blessed João Fernandes • Blessed John Baptist Machado de Tavora • Blessed John Bathe • Blessed John Cornelius • Blessed John Fenwick • Blessed John Gaspard Cratz • Blessed John Gavan • Blessed John Nelson • Blessed John Sullivan • Blessed Josep Tarrats Comaposada • Blessed Joseph Imbert • Blessed Juan Bautista Ferreres Boluda • Blessed Juan de Mayorga • Blessed Juan de San Martín • Blessed Juan de Zafra • Blessed Julian Maunoir • Blessed Leonardus Kimura • Blessed Loup Thomas-Bonnotte • Blessed Ludovicus Kawara Rokuemon • Blessed Luís Correia • Blessed Luís Rodrigues • Blessed Manuel Alvares • Blessed Manuel Fernandes • Blessed Manuel Pacheco • Blessed Manuel Rodrigues • Blessed Marcos Caldeira • Blessed Mathurin-Nicolas de la VilleCrohain le Bous de Villeneuve • Blessed Michaël Nakashima Saburoemon • Blessed Michaël Sato Shunpo • Blessed Michaël Tozo • Blessed Michel-François de la Gardette • Blessed Miguel Agustin Pro • Blessed Miguel Carvalho • Blessed Narcis Basté y Basté • Blessed Nicolau Dinis • Blessed Pau Bori Puig • Blessed Paulus Shinsuke • Blessed Pedro de Fontoura • Blessed Pedro Nunes • Blessed Pere Gelabert Amer • Blessed Peter Paul Navarro • Blessed Peter Wright • Blessed Petrus Rinsei • Blessed Petrus Sanpo • Blessed Pierre-Michel Guérin du Rocher • Blessed Ralph Ashley • Blessed Ralph Corby • Blessed Ramón Grimaltos Monllor • Blessed René-Marie Andrieux • Blessed Robert Middleton • Blessed Robert-François Guérin du Rocher • Blessed Roger Filcock • Blessed Rudolph Aquaviva • Blessed Sebastianus Kimura • Blessed Simão da Costa • Blessed Simão Lopes • Blessed Simon Yempo • Blessed Thomas Akahoshi • Blessed Thomas Cottam • Blessed Thomas Holland • Blessed Thomas Tsuji • Blessed Thomas Whitbread • Blessed Tomàs Sitjar Fortiá • Blessed Vicente Sales Genovés • Blessed Vincent de Cunha • Blessed Vincent-Joseph le Rousseau de Rosencoat • Blessed Vincentius Kaun • Blessed William Boyton • Blessed William Harcourt • Blessed William Ireland • Blessed William Saultemouche • Saint Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga • Saint Alexander Briant • Saint Alonso Rodriguez • Saint Alonso Rodriguez • Saint Aloysius Gonzaga • Saint Andrew Bobola • Saint Anthony Daniel • Saint Bernadine Realino • Saint Charles Garnier • Saint Claude de la Colombiere • Saint David Lewis • Saint Edmund Arrowsmith • Saint Edmund Campion • Saint Francis Borgia • Saint Francis of Girolamo • Saint Francis Xavier • Saint Gabriel Lalemant • Saint Henry Morse • Saint Henry Walpole • Saint Ignatius of Loyola • Saint Isaac Jogues • Saint István Pongrácz • Saint Jacques Berthieu • Saint Jacques Fermin • Saint James Kisai • Saint Jean-Pierre Néel • Saint John Berchmans • Saint John de Brébeuf • Saint John Francis Regis • Saint John Ogilvie • Saint John Soan de Goto • Saint José de Anchieta • Saint José María Rubio y Peralta • Saint Joseph Pignatelli • Saint Juan del Castillo Rodríguez • Saint Léon-Ignace Mangin • Saint Melichar Grodecký • Saint Modeste Andlauer • Saint Nicholas Owen • Saint Noel Chabanel • Saint Paul Denn • Saint Paul Miki • Saint Paul Suzuki • Saint Peter Canisius • Saint Peter Claver • Saint Peter Faber • Saint Philip Evans • Saint Rémi Isoré • Saint Robert Bellarmine • Saint Robert Southwell • Saint Rocco Gonzalez • Saint Stanislaus Kostka • Saint Thomas Garnet • Venerable Giacinto Alegre Pujals • Venerable Giuseppe Antonio Migliavacca • Venerable Jacques Sevin • Venerable Johann Philipp Jeningen • Venerable Leonard Lessius • Venerable Luis Lapuente • Venerable Petar Barbaric • Venerable Tiburcio Arnáiz Muñoz •

Also celebrated but no entry yet

• Holy Relics

• Beatrice of Swabia

• Tigrino of Rome

• Trofimena of Sicily