புனிதர்களை பெயர் வரிசையில் தேட

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20 November 2024

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 21

 St. Liberalis


Feastday: November 21

Death: 940



Liberalis, of Brive, France, left his native place to undertake a hidden life as a hermit in the Alps near Embrun. The clergy and people of Embrun came to recognize his great humility and other virtues, which led to his being chosen to become the city's bishop. Liberalis proved to be a most devoted pastor. His body is enshrined in a church of his native city of Brive, in the diocese of Tulle, which for centuries has commemorated him each year on November 21.


Blessed Clelia Merloni


Profile

The daughter of Gioacchino Merloni, a wealthy and influential industrialist, and Teresa Brandinelli; Clelia was baptized in the diocesan cathedral of Santa Croce in Forli, Italy when she was only a few hours old. Her mother died in 1864 when Clelia was only 3 years old; her maternal grandmother and her step-mother, Maria Giovanna Boeri who married Gioacchino in 1866, raised her to be a pious girl with a good education. Her father became so involved in succeeding in business that he became openly hostile to religion in general, joined the Freemasons, and became specifically anti–Catholic. He planned to have Clelia follow him into business, but she was drawn to religious life which led to family strife as he blamed the women in the family for turning Clelia against him. Clelia responded by praying for him and doing penance in reparation of her father‘s actions. He was reconciled to the faith before his death in 1885.




Freed from her family obligations, Clelia joined the Figlie di Santa Maria della Divina Provvidenza (Daughters of Holy Mary of the Divine Providence). In religious life, she felt a calling to start a congregation devoted to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and eventually founded the Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù (Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) in Viareggio, Italy on 30 May 1894. Internal disputes, including corruption and theft by Clelia's finance administrator, led to her leaving the order in 1896; the adminstrator was a priest, and Clelia refused to bring in civil authorities for fear of causing scandal and stirring up anti–Catholic sentiment. But on 10 June 1900, with the approval and support of Blessed Giovanni Battista Scalabrini, bishop of Piacenza, Italy, she returned to religious life, was accepted back into the Apostles, and helped set them up on their new work as missionaries to Brazil. Following the loss of support caused by the death of bishop Scalabrini in 1905, the internal strife in the Apostles erupted again, support of Clelia declined, and in 1911 she was replaced as Superior General by the Vatican. Clelia withdrew from public life, and in 1916 received dispensation to be released from her religious vows. However, late in life she requested to re-enter religious life, and on 7 March 1928 became a simple sister in the Apostles.


The Apostles, whose motto is "The Love of Christ Impels Us", continue their good work today with 1,200 sisters based in 195 houses in Italy, Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, the United States, Mozambique, Benin, Albania, Taiwan and the Philippines, focusing primarily on education.



Born

10 March 1861 in Forli, Italy


Died

• 21 November 1930 in Rome, Italy of natural causes

• buried at Campo Verano cemetery in Rome

• following the destruction of the cemetery during World War II, Mother Clelia was re-interred in the chapel of the Motherhouse of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Rome in 1945


Beatified

• 3 November 2018 by Pope Francis

• beatification recognition celebrated at the Basilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, Italy, presided by Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu

• the beatification miracle involved the cure of Brazilian physician Pedro Ângelo of Landry's paralysis or Guillian-Barré syndrome, in 1951; Ângelo had reached the point where he could barely swallow, and his condition was considered fatal; he was completely cured after a combination of prayer and drinking from a cup of water in which a relic of Merloni (a piece of fabric from her veil) had been placed




Our Lady of Quinche


Also known as

• La Pequeñita

• Virgen de Monte del Sol

• Virgin of the Rock



Profile

Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the image of a cedar statue in Quinche, Ecuador. About two foot tall, it was carved in 1586 by Don Diego de Robles, an artist who created many other images of Mary. He carved it on order from the Lumbici Indians, who were unable to pay for it at delivery. Diego traded the statue to the Oyacachi Indians in exchange for a large load of cedar for future projects.


Legend says that the vision of Our Lady appeared in a cave to some of the Oyacachi, promising to the protect their children; the image Diego brought for trade looked just like the lady in the vision. The Oyacachi asked Diego to stay and help them build a shrine for the statue; he declined and started home. His horse threw him as they crossed a bridge, and Diego was miraculously saved after he had prayed for Our Lady's intervention; he understood that this was a sign, went back to the Indians, and built an altar for the statue.


In 1604 the statue was moved to the local village of Quinche and a chapel was built for it. A new sanctuary was built in 1630 where the statue stayed until the church was destroyed in an earthquake in 1869. The church was re-built, and housed the image until moved to another new church in 1928; in 1985 the Vatican proclaimed the chapel to be a national sanctuary of Ecuador. Many miracles, especially healings, have been associated with the image, and there is a huge catalog of songs in several languages that have been written in devotion over the centuries.


Carved

1586 by Don Diego de Robles




Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

அதி தூய கன்னி மரியாளை காணிக்கையாக அர்ப்பணித்தல் விழா 

திருவிழா நாள்: நவம்பர் 21

“அதிதூய கன்னி மரியாளைக் காணிக்கையாக அர்ப்பணித்தல் விழா” (The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary) என மேற்கிலும் ~ “மிகவும் தூய இறையன்னை கோவிலுக்குள் நுழைந்தது” (The Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple) என கிழக்கிலும் ~ அறியப்படுவது, நவம்பர் 21ம் நாள், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை, மற்றும் கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபைகளில் கொண்டாடப்படும் கிறிஸ்தவ விழாவாகும்.

அன்னை மரியாளை ஆலயத்தில் ஒப்புக்கொடுத்ததாக புதிய ஏற்பாட்டில் எதுவும் சொல்லப்படவில்லையெனினும், திருமுறைப் பட்டியலைச் சேராத நூல்களில் இந்நிகழ்வு பற்றிய குறிப்புகள் உள்ளன.

குழந்தைப் பருவம் தொடர்பான யாக்கோபு நற்செய்தியில் (Gospel of James) இவ்வாறு வாசிக்கிறோம் :

"மரியாவின் பெற்றோராகிய “சுவக்கீன்” (Joachim), “அன்னா” (Anne) ஆகிய இருவரும் முதிர் வயதுவரை குழந்தைப்பேறு இல்லாமல் இருந்தனர். ஆயினும் அவர்கள் நம்பிக்கையோடு இறைவனிடம் மன்றாடி வந்தனர். வானதூதர் வழியாக மரியாளின் பிறப்பு இவர்களுக்கு அறிவிக்கப்பட்டது. மரியாளும் பிறந்தார். இதற்கு நன்றியாக, குழந்தை மரியாளை எருசலேம் ஆலயத்திற்கு அழைத்துச் சென்று அங்கு அவரை கடவுளுக்குக் காணிக்கையாக்கினார்கள். அதன்பிறகு மரியாள் தமது 12வது வயதுவரை ஆலயத்தில் இருந்தார்" என்று யாக்கோபு எழுதியுள்ளார். 

மரியாளின் பிறப்பு நற்செய்தியில் (Gospel of the Nativity of Mary), மரியாளின் மூன்றாம் வயதில் இந்த நிகழ்வு நடந்ததாக குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ளது. மரியாள் ஆலயத்திலேயே கல்வி கற்றார், இறைவனின் அன்னையாகும் நிலைக்கு தன்னைத் தயாரித்தார் எனவும் இக்குறிப்புகளில் சொல்லப்பட்டுள்ளது. 

“பைசாண்டைன்” (Byzantines) பேரரசர் “முதலாம் ஜஸ்டீனியன்” (Emperor Justinian I) சிதைவுற்றுக் கிடந்த எருசலேம் ஆலயத்திற்கு அருகில் ஓர் ஆலயம் எழுப்பி, அதை கி. பி. 543ம் ஆண்டில் அதிதூய கன்னி மரியாளுக்கு அர்ப்பணித்தார். அதுமுதல் இவ்விழா கொண்டாடப்பட்டு வருகிறது. 

கி.பி. 614ம் ஆண்டில், “சசனியன் பேரரசின்” (Sasanian Empire) “பாரசீக பேரரசர்” (Persians) “இரண்டாம் கொஸ்ராவு” (Khosrau II), எருசலேமை முற்றுகையிட்டபோது இவ்வாலயம் இடிக்கப்பட்டாலும், மக்கள் இவ்விழாவைத் தொடர்ந்து கொண்டாடி வந்தார்கள். ஒன்பதாம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் இத்தாலியின் தென் பகுதியில் இவ்விழா சிறப்பாகக் கொண்டாடப்பட்டது. 

இந்த விழாவை கி.பி. 1568ம் ஆண்டில் திருப்பலி புத்தகத்திலிருந்து திருத்தந்தை “ஐந்தாம் பயஸ்” (Pope Pius V) நீக்கினாலும், கி.பி. 1585ம் ஆண்டில் திருத்தந்தை “ஐந்தாம் சிக்ஸ்டஸ்” (Pope Sixtus V) இதனை மீண்டும் ரோமத் திருவழிபாடு நாள்காட்டியில் சேர்த்தார். 

அதிதூய கன்னி மரியாளை காணிக்கையாக அர்ப்பணித்தல் விழா நவம்பர் 21 ஆகும்!

About the Feast

Commemorates the presentation of the Blessed Virgin as a child in the Temple where, according to tradition, she was educated.



The feast originated in the Orient probably about the 7th century and is found in the constitution of Manuel Comnenus (1166) as a recognized festival. It was introduced into the Western Church in the 14th century, abolished by Pope Pius V, but re-established by Pope Sixtus V in 1585. Its observance by the Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus as the day of their origin led to the devotion of Mater Admirabilis.


Among the many masters who have represented this subject are: Alberti, Fra Bartolommeo, Biagio, Agostino, Carracci, Cima da Conegliano, Cossa, Holbein the Elder, Palma, Piombo, Tintoretto and Titian.




Blessed Maria Franciszka Siedliska

 அருளாளர் மரிய ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கா சீட்லிஸ்கா 

மறைப்பணியாளர், "நாசரேத்தின் தூய குடும்பத்தின் சகோதரியர்" சபை நிறுவனர்:

பிறப்பு: நவம்பர் 12, 1842

ரோஸ்கோவா வோலா, ர்ஸெக்ஸிகா, போலந்து காங்கிரஸ்

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 21, 1902 (வயது 60)

ரோம், இத்தாலி இராச்சியம்

வழிபடப்பட்டது:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

முக்திப்பேறு பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 23, 1989

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பால்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 21

பாதுகாவல்: நாசரேத்தின் தூய குடும்ப சகோதரியர் சபை, போலந்து மிஷனரிகள்

"நல்ல மேய்ப்பர் இயேசுவின் மரியா" (Maria of Jesus the Good Shepherd) எனும் ஆன்மீகப் பெயர் கொண்ட அருளாளர் மரிய ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கா சீட்லிஸ்கா (Blessed Maria Franciszka Siedliska), போலந்து நாட்டின் மறைப்பணியாளரும், "நாசரேத்தின் தூய குடும்ப சகோதரியர்" (Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth) சபையின் நிறுவனரும் ஆவார்.

ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கா சிட்லிஸ்கா, கி.பி. 1842ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 12ம் தேதி, போலந்து (Poland) நாட்டின், "ரோஸ்கோவா வோலா" (Roszkowa Wola) எனும் கிராமத்தில், யூத வம்சாவளியைச் (Jewish descent) சேர்ந்த "அடால்ஃப் ஆடம் சிட்லிஸ்கி" (Adolf Adam Siedliski) மற்றும் "செசிலியா மரியானா மொராவ்ஸ்கா" (Cecylia Marianna Morawska) ஆகியோருக்கு பிறந்த மூத்த குழந்தை ஆவார்.

தனது முதல் நற்கருணைக்கு அவரைத் தயார்படுத்திய வைராக்கியமுள்ள ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் கபுச்சின் குருவான "லியாண்டர் லென்ட்ஜியன்" (Leander Lendzian) என்பவரைச் சந்திக்கும் வரை - கி.பி. 1855ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, முதல் தூய நற்கருணை வாங்கும்வரை, மறை விசுவாசத்தில் அதிக நாட்டமில்லாத, அக்கறையில்லாத குடும்பத்தின் தனியார்க் கல்வி பயின்றுவந்த இவர், முதன்முதலாக தன்னைக் கடவுளுக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கத் தீர்மானித்தார்.

சிட்லிஸ்கா 1860ம் ஆண்டு, மறைப்பணியைத் தொடர விரும்பினார். ஆனால் அவரது பெற்றோர் இந்த யோசனையை எதிர்த்தனர். அவர் கன்னியாஸ்திரியாக மாறுவதை விட அவருடைய மரணத்தைப் பார்க்க விரும்புவதாக அவளுடைய தந்தை கூறினார். 1860இல் அவர் தனது பெற்றோருடன் சுவிட்சர்லாந்திற்கு (Switzerland) குடிபெயர்ந்தார். பின்னர், ப்ரூஷியா (Prussia) மற்றும் ஃபிரான்சுக்கு (France) சென்றார். 1865ல் இவர்களது குடும்பம் போலந்துக்கு திரும்புவதற்கு முன்பு, அவரது பலவீனமான உடல்நிலை காரணமாக, அவரது பெற்றோர் முரானோ (Murano) மற்றும் கேன்ஸ் (Cannes) நகரங்களில் அவருக்கு சிகிச்சை செய்விக்க வழிவகுத்தது.

கி.பி. 1870ம் ஆண்டு, அவரது தந்தையின் மரணத்தின் பின்னர், ஆன்மீக வாழ்க்கை எனும் அவரது கனவைத் தொடர்வதற்கான சுதந்திரம் அவருக்கு கிடைத்தது. கி.பி. 1870ம் ஆண்டு, "லுப்லின்" (Lublin) நகரிலுள்ள புனித ஃபிரான்சிஸின் மூன்றாம் நிலை சபையில் இணைந்தார்.

கி.பி. 1873ம் ஆண்டு, ஏப்ரல் மாதம், 12ம் தேதி, "தந்தை லென்ட்சியன்" (Father Lendzian) வழிகாட்டுதலுடன், "அவள் அவ்வாறு செய்ய வேண்டும் என்பது கடவுளின் விருப்பம்" என்ற ஈர்க்கப்பட்டு, ஒரு ஆன்மீக சபையை நிறுவ ஊக்குவிக்கப்பட்டார். 1873ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, திருத்தந்தை ஒன்பதாம் பயஸுடன் (Pope Pius IX) சிட்லிஸ்காவிற்கு ஒரு தனிப்பட்ட பார்வையாளர் சந்திப்பு வழங்கப்பட்டது. "அவரது யோசனை" அவருக்கு திருத்தந்தையின் அப்போஸ்தலிக்க ஆசீர்வாதத்தைப் பெற்றுத் தந்தது. அவர் கி.பி. 1875ம் ஆண்டு, திருவருகைக் காலத்தின் தொடக்கத்தில், ரோம் நகரில், தனது புதிய சபையை நிறுவினார்.

சிட்லிஸ்கா 1884ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, கன்னியாஸ்திரியாக தனது புனித மறைப்பணியை மேற்கொண்டார். "நல்ல மேய்ப்பர் இயேசுவின் மரியா" (Maria of Jesus the Good Shepherd)) என்ற ஆன்மீகப் பெயரைப் ஏற்றார்.

இவருடைய சபை ஐரோப்பா (Europe) முழுவதும் வேகமாக பரவியது. அவர் கி.பி. 1885ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 4ம் தேதி, நியூயார்க் (New York Harbor) துறைமுகத்திற்கு வந்தார். 1885ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 6ம் தேதியன்று, பள்ளிகளைத் திறந்துவைக்க, சிகாகோ (Chicago) நகரில் இருந்தார். சிட்லிஸ்கா பதினொரு அருட்சகோதரிகளைத் தலைமை தங்கி, "டெஸ் ப்ளைன்ஸ்" (Des Plaines) நகரில் ஒரு சமூகத்தை நிறுவ வழிவகுத்தார், பின்னர் பத்து ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு, ஆகஸ்ட் 1895ம் ஆண்டு, ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், "பிட்ஸ்பர்க்" (Pittsburgh) நகரில், ஒரு இல்லத்தை திறந்து வைத்தார். ரோம் நகரில் நடந்த பல்வேறு ஆன்மீகப் பயிற்சிகளுக்கு அவர் தலைமை தாங்கினார். பல மாநாடுகளை நடத்தினார். 29க்கும் மேற்பட்ட நிறுவனங்களுக்கு பல ஊக்கமளிக்கும் கடிதங்களை எழுதினார்.

அவர் 1892ம் ஆண்டு, பாரிஸ் (Paris) நகருக்கும், 1895ம் ஆண்டு, லண்டன் (London) நகருக்கும் பயணங்கள் மேற்கொண்டார். 1902ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 16ம் தேதி, பல விரிவான பயணங்களுக்குப் பிறகு அவர் ரோம் திரும்பினார். உடல்நலக்குறைவு காரணமாக மீண்டும் ஒருபோதும் அவர் வெளியேறவில்லை.

கடுமையான "பெரிட்டோனிட்டிஸ்" (Peritonitis) நோயால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்த சிட்லிஸ்கா, 1902ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 21ம் தேதி, ரோம் நகரில் மரித்தார்.

Also known as

• Frances Siedliska

• Franciszka Siedliska

• Mother Mary of Jesus the Good Shepherd



Profile

Eldest daughter of Adolf Adam Siedliski and Cecilia Marianna Morawska, wealthy and aristocratic landowners in the part of Poland which was occupied by Russia. In her late teens, Franciszka felt the call to religious life, which was against her family wishes as they were very indifferent Catholics; her father said he would rather see her dead then lost to the cloister. Founded the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth on 1 May 1884, taking the name Sister Mary of Jesus the Good Shepherd.


Born

12 November 1842 in Roszkowa Wola Castle, Rzeczyca, Poland



Died

21 November 1902 in Rome, Italy of natural causes


Beatified

23 April 1989 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Maurus of Cesena


Also known as

Maur, Mauro



Profile

Nephew of Pope John IX. Priest. Benedictine monk at Classe monastery, Ravenna, Italy. Abbot of Classe in 926. Bishop of Cesena, Italy in 934; he served for about 12 years.


Born

Rome, Italy


Died

• 21 November 946 in Cesena, Flaminia, Italy of natural causes

• buried in a marble tomb on Monte Spaziano, Italy next to a small cell where he would retreat for prayer and solitude

• his grave was lost for many years but accidentally re-discovered in the 11th century

• relics enshrined in the nearby Benedictine church

• relics re-discovered in 1470 and moved to the cathedral of Saint John the Baptist

• some relics enshrined in Ravenna, Italy


Blessed Nicholas Giustiniani


Profile

Born to the Venetian nobility. Benedictine monk at the monastery of San Niccolò del Lido in Venice, Italy in 1153. After all his brothers were killed in combat outside Constantinople in 1172, Nicholas received dispensation from Pope Alexander III to return to secular life. He married Anne Michieli, the daughter of a Venetian doge, and was father of nine. In 1179 Anne agreed to let him return to his calling to religious life, and he spent his remaining years at San Niccolò del Lido; a few years later, Anne became a nun at the convent of Saint Blaise near Venice.


Born

early 12th century Venice, Italy


Died

c.1180 of natural causes


Beatified

no formal beatification, but the subject of local veneration



Pope Saint Gelasius I

புனிதர் முதலாம் கெலாசியஸ் 

49ம் திருத்தந்தை:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 5ம் நூற்றாண்டு

ரோம ஆப்ரிக்கா அல்லது ரோம்

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 19, 496

ரோம், இத்தாலி அரசு

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 21

ஆப்ரிக்கா நாட்டு கருப்பினத்தைச் சார்ந்த புனிதர் முதலாம் கெலாசியுஸ், கி.பி. 492ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் மாதம், 1ம் தேதி முதல், தமது மரணம் (19 நவம்பர் 496) வரை திருத்தந்தையாக ஆட்சி புரிந்தவராவார். 49ம் திருத்தந்தையான இவர், “பெர்பர்” இனத்திலிருந்து (Berber Origin) வந்த ரோம் நகரின் மூன்றாவது மற்றும் கடைசி ஆயரும் ஆவார். எழுத்தாளருமான இவரது படைப்பாற்றல் இவரை பண்டைய மற்றும் ஆரம்ப மத்திய காலத்தின் இடையே கூரான முனையாக வைத்திருந்தது என்பர். இவருக்கு முந்தைய திருத்தந்தை “மூன்றாம் ஃபெலிக்ஸ்” (Pope Felix III) இவரை பணியில் அமர்த்தினார். திருத்தந்தையர் ஆவணங்களை தயாரித்தல் மற்றும் பாதுகாத்தல் இவரது பணியாகும்.

இவர் மிக சிறு வயதில் குருவானார் என்று கூறப்படுகின்றது. 483ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து திருத்தந்தை மூன்றாம் ஃபெலிக்ஸுக்கு ஆலோசகராக பணியாற்றியுள்ளார். இவர் மிக சிறந்த விதத்தில் திருத்தந்தைக்கும் அரசியல் தலைவர்களுக்கும் வழிகாட்டியுள்ளார். திறமையான, அர்த்தமுள்ள முடிவுகள் எடுப்பதில் இவர் வல்லவராக திகழ்ந்தார். இறையியலாளர்கள் பலர் இவரின் ஆலோசனையை நாடி வந்தனர். திருத்தந்தை மூன்றாம் ஃபெலிக்ஸ், கி.பி. 492ம் ஆண்டு மார்ச் மாதம் 1 ம் நாளன்று இறந்துவிடவே, கெலாசியுஸ் திருத்தந்தையாக தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார்.

இவர் தழைத்தோங்கி இருந்த அரசர்களின் ஆட்சியை முறியடித்து திருச்சபையில் கடவுளுக்கு மட்டுமே முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுத்தார். கிறிஸ்துவின் நற்செய்திக்கு முதலிடம் கொடுத்தார். ஏழை மக்களின் வாழ்வுக்கென்று பல மையங்களை ஏற்படுத்தினார். திருச்சபை சொத்துகளில் நான்கில் ஒரு பகுதியை ஏழைகளுக்குப் பகிர்ந்துக் கொடுத்தார். 

இவர், தாம் வாழ்ந்து வளர்ந்த ஏழ்மையை என்றும் மறவாமல் இறுதிவரை வாழ்ந்தார். ஏழைகளுக்கென்று தன் ஆட்சியில் தனி இடம் ஒதுக்கினார். அம்மக்களின் ஈடேற்றத்திற்காக இரவும் பகலும் அயராது செபித்தார். இயேசு வாழக் கூறிய அன்பான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்து மற்றவர்களுக்கு முன்னோடியாக திகழ்ந்தார். இவர் திருச்சபையில் பல சீர்த்திருத்தங்களைக் கொண்டு வந்தார். இவர் திருப்பலி பூசை புத்தகத்தை முதன்முதலில் அறிமுகப்படுத்திய பெருமைக்குரியவர் ஆவார். இவர் இறந்தபிறகு இவரது உடல் எங்கு அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது என்பதை கண்டறிய இயலவில்லை.

Profile

Son of an African immigrant named Valerius. Priest. Pope. Known for his learning, charity, and sense of justice. Opposed the Acacian and Manichaean heresies. Came into conflict with the Patriarch of Constantinople over supremacy in Alexandria, Egypt and Antioch. Suppressed many of the Roman pagan festivals, and ordered the reception of the Eucharist under both species, settling the argument of the proper form for Communion. Wrote for liturgical sacramentaries, and some of his work appears in the Leonine Sacramentary.



Born

at Rome, Italy


Papal Ascension

1 March 492 at Rome, Italy


Died

21 November 496 at Rome, Italy of natural causes



Saint Maurus of Porec


Also known as

Also known as

• Maurus of Istria

• Maurus of Parenzo

• Maur, Mauro, Marino



Profile

Monk for 18 years. Pilgrim to Rome, Italy. Bishop of Porec, Istria. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.


Died

• beheading c.300 of Porec, Istria

• buried in the cemtery outside the city

• interred in the church of Saint Maur in Proec c.500

• some relics transferred to Rome, Italy in the 7th century by Pope John IV, and now enshrined in the basilica of Saint John Lateran



Saint Agapius of Caesarea


Also known as

Agapio


Profile

Arrested three times during the persecutions of Diocletian, but released each time. On his fourth arrest he was imprisoned for two years, then offered his freedom if he would renounce Christianity; he declined. Martyr.


Born

Caesarea, Palestine


Died

• c.306

• chained to a convicted murdered and mauled by animals in the public amphitheatre

• still refusing to deny his faith, he was mauled by a bear

• still refusing to deny his faith, he was weighted with stones and drowned



Blessed Reyes Us Hernández


Profile

Married layman of the diocese of Quiché, Guatemala. He was very active in his local parish, and was murdered by government troops for it. Martyr.



Born

1939 in Macalajau, Uspantán, Quiché, Guatemala


Died

21 November 1980 in Macalajau, Uspantán, Quiché, Guatemala


Beatified

• 23 April 2021 by Pope Francis

• beatification recognition celebrated in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala



Blessed Eoin O'Mulkern


Also known as

• John Kieran

• John Mulcheran


Additional Memorial

20 June as one of the Irish Martyrs


Profile

Premonstratensian priest. Martyr.


Born

Irish


Died

21 November 1580 in Dublin, Ireland


Beatified

27 September 1992 by Pope John Paul II in Rome, Italy



Blessed Gelasius O'Cullenan


Additional Memorial

20 June as one of the Irish Martyrs


Profile


Blessed Gelasius O'Cullenan (also known as Glaisne) was a Cistercian abbot and martyr who was born in Ireland in the 16th century. He was educated at Salamanca University in Spain and then at the Sorbonne in Paris, where he earned his doctorate. After completing his studies, he returned to Ireland and was appointed abbot of Boyle Abbey in County Roscommon.

O'Cullenan was a devout Catholic and a staunch defender of the faith. He refused to conform to the Protestant religion that was being imposed on Ireland by the English government. As a result, he was arrested and imprisoned in Dublin Castle. He was tortured for his beliefs and eventually hanged, drawn, and quartered on November 21, 1580.

O'Cullenan was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1992. He is considered one of the Irish Martyrs, a group of Catholic priests, religious, and laity who were martyred for their faith during the Tudor period.

Born

Irish


Died

21 November 1580 in Dublin, Ireland


Beatified

27 September 1992 by Pope John Paul II in Rome, Italy



Saint Hilary of Vulturno


Profile

Benedictine monk. Abbot of San Vincenco, Volturno, Italy for 34 years, resurrecting the monastery as a center for learning and missions.


Born

at Matera, southern Italy


Died

c.1045 of natural causes



Saint Amelberga of Susteren


Also known as

Amalburga, Amalia, Amalberga


Profile


Saint Amelberga of Susteren was a Benedictine abbess who lived in the 9th century. She was born in the Netherlands, probably in the region of Limburg. Her parents were wealthy and noble, and she received a good education.


Amelberga was a devout and pious woman from a young age. She was drawn to the monastic life and eventually entered the Benedictine abbey at Susteren. She was quickly recognized for her intelligence, piety, and leadership skills.


Amelberga was elected abbess of Susteren in the early 9th century. She served as abbess for over 30 years, during which time she oversaw the growth and development of the abbey. She was known for her wisdom, compassion, and dedication to her community.


Amelberga was also a strong advocate for the poor and the marginalized. She founded a hospital and an orphanage at the abbey, and she provided food and shelter to those in need. She was also a tireless worker for peace and reconciliation.


Amelberga died in 900. She was buried in the abbey church at Susteren, which is now a basilica. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, and her feast day is celebrated on November 21.

Born

early 9th century


Died

c.900



Saint Digain


Also known as

Dygain


Profile

Born to the 5th-century nobility, the son of Constantine, a lord in Cornwall, England. The village of Llangernyw, Wales is named after him.



Saint Rufus of Rome


Profile

A 1st-century Christian greeted by name by Saint Paul the Apostle in the Epistle to the Romans 16:13.


Died

c.90



Saint Heliodorus of Pamphylia


Profile

Saint Heliodorus of Pamphylia was a Christian martyr who lived during the reign of the Roman emperor Aurelian (270-275 AD). He was a deacon in the city of Magidum in Pamphylia, a province in southern Asia Minor.

Heliodorus was a zealous Christian, and he was known for his preaching and his work with the poor and the sick. When the emperor Aurelian began to persecute Christians, Heliodorus was arrested and brought before the city governor, Aetius.

Aetius tried to persuade Heliodorus to renounce his faith, but he refused. Heliodorus was then subjected to torture, but he remained steadfast in his belief. Finally, Aetius ordered Heliodorus to be beheaded.

Heliodorus was martyred on November 21, 270 AD. He is commemorated as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 21.

Died

c.270 at Pamphylia



Saint Maurus of Verona


Profile

Saint Maurus of Verona (also known as Mauro of Verona) was a 7th-century bishop and hermit who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. He is remembered for his piety, humility, and devotion to the poor.


Early Life and Episcopal Ministry


Maurus was born in Verona, Italy, to a wealthy family. He received a good education and was known for his intelligence and piety. At a young age, he decided to devote his life to God and entered the Benedictine monastery of Subiaco.


After several years of monastic life, Maurus was chosen as bishop of Verona in 601 AD. He served as bishop for nearly 30 years, during which time he worked tirelessly to reform the diocese and promote Christian education. He was also known for his generosity to the poor and his care for the sick.

Died

c.600



Saint Clement


Profile

Saint Clement I (also known as Clement of Rome) was a prominent figure in the early Christian church and is considered one of the Four Apostolic Fathers, along with Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, and Papias of Hierapolis. He is believed to have been a close associate of the Apostle Peter and is traditionally regarded as the fourth pope, serving from 88 to 97 AD.


Early Life and Ministry


Clement's life and ministry are shrouded in some mystery, and there are varying accounts of his origins and activities. However, it is widely accepted that he was a Roman citizen of Jewish descent and played a significant role in the development of Christianity in Rome. He is credited with establishing the first Christian schools in Rome and is known for his writings, particularly his Epistle to the Corinthians, which is considered one of the most important early Christian works.


Martyrdom and Legacy


The circumstances of Clement's death are uncertain, but he is venerated as a martyr by both the Catholic and Orthodox churches. According to one tradition, he was exiled to the Crimean region of Ukraine, where he was tied to an anchor and thrown into the sea. Another account suggests that he was executed in Rome during the reign of Emperor Domitian.


Despite the lack of precise historical records, Clement's legacy as a pillar of the early Christian church is undeniable. His Epistle to the Corinthians remains a valuable source of insight into early Christian thought and practice, and his dedication to spreading the faith and nurturing Christian communities earned him the admiration and respect of his contemporaries and subsequent generations.

Died

martyred in Rome, Italy, date unknown



Saint Demetrius of Ostia


Profile

Saint Demetrius of Ostia


Saint Demetrius of Ostia was a Christian martyr who died in Ostia, Italy, in the 3rd century AD. He is commemorated on November 21.


Life and Martyrdom


Saint Demetrius of Ostia is a lesser-known saint, and there is not much information available about his life. He is believed to have been a Christian deacon who lived in Ostia, a port city near Rome, during the 3rd century AD. During this time, Christians were persecuted under the Roman Empire, and many were martyred for their faith. Demetrius was one of these martyrs.


According to tradition, Demetrius was arrested and brought before the Roman authorities for his Christian beliefs. He was offered the opportunity to renounce his faith and save his life, but he refused. Instead, he confessed his faith in Jesus Christ and was sentenced to death.


Demetrius was beheaded in Ostia on November 21. His body was buried in a cemetery near the city.


Veneration


Saint Demetrius of Ostia is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is also remembered in the Orthodox Church.


Representation


Saint Demetrius is often depicted in art as a young man with a beard. He is sometimes shown holding a palm branch, which is a symbol of martyrdom..


Died

Ostia, Italy, date unknown



Saint Celsus


Profile

Saint Celsus was a Christian martyr who is believed to have lived in Rome during the 4th or 5th century AD. He is commemorated on November 21.


Life and Martyrdom


There is very little information available about Saint Celsus's life. He is mentioned in a few ancient martyrologies, but these sources provide no details about his origins, his ministry, or the circumstances of his martyrdom. It is believed that he was martyred in Rome, but the exact date of his death is unknown.


Despite the lack of information about his life, Saint Celsus is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is often remembered in conjunction with Saint Nazarius, another Christian martyr who is also commemorated on this date.


Veneration


Saint Celsus is venerated in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is also remembered in some parts of the Orthodox Church.


Representation


Saint Celsus is often depicted in art as a young man with a beard. He is sometimes shown holding a palm branch, which is a symbol of martyrdom.

Died

martyred in Rome, Italy, date unknown



Saint Honorius of Ostia


Profile

Saint Honorius of Ostia was a Christian bishop and martyr who lived in Italy during the 3rd century AD. He is commemorated on November 21.


Life and Martyrdom


Honorius was born into a noble family in Ostia, a port city near Rome. He was a devout Christian from a young age and was known for his piety and generosity.


During the reign of Emperor Diocletian, Christians were persecuted throughout the Roman Empire. Honorius was one of the many Christians who were arrested and brought before the Roman authorities. He was accused of refusing to sacrifice to the pagan gods and was sentenced to death.


Honorius was beheaded in Ostia on November 21. His body was buried in a cemetery near the city.


Veneration


Saint Honorius of Ostia is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is also remembered in the Orthodox Church.

Died

Ostia, Italy, date unknown



Martyrs of Asta


Profile

Three Christians martyred together for their faith during the persecutions of Diocletian. The only details about them to survive are their names - Eutychius, Honorius and Stephen.


Born

Spanish


Died

c.300 at Asta, Andalusia, Spain



19 November 2024

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 20

 St. Proclus of Constantinople

புனித_புரோக்குலுஸ் (-447)

நவம்பர் 20

இவர் (#StProclusOfConstantinoble) கான்ஸ்டாண்டிநோப்பிளில் (தற்போதைய துருக்கியில்) பிறந்தவர்.

புனித ஜான் கிறிஸ்சோஸ்தமின் சீடரான இவர் பின்னாளில் கான்ஸ்டாண்டிநோப்பிளின் ஆயராக உயர்ந்தார். 

இவரது காலத்தில் நெஸ்தோரிஸ் என்பவர், 'மரியா இயேசுவின் தாய்தானே அன்றி, கடவுளின் தாய் அல்ல' என்ற தப்பறைக் கொள்கைப் பரப்பி வைத்தார். இதனைத் தனது வல்லமையான போதனையால் எதிர்த்த இவர், அதற்கு முற்றுப் புள்ளி வைத்தார்.

இதற்குப் பிறகு தப்பறைக் கொள்கையைப் பரவக் காரணமாக இருந்தவர்கள் மனந்திரும்பி, திருஅவையிடம் வந்தபோது, அவர்களை இவர் மன்னித்து ஏற்றுக் கொண்டார். 

தூய்மைக்கும் இறைப்பற்றிற்கும் மிகப்பெரிய எடுத்துக் காட்டாக விளங்கிய இவர், பலரையும் தன்னுடைய வல்லமை மிக்க போதனையால் கிறிஸ்தவ மறைக்குள் கொண்டுகொண்டுவந்தார்.

447 ஆம் ஆண்டு கான்ஸ்டாண்டிநோப்பிள் நகரில் மிகப்பெரிய நிலநடுக்கம் ஏற்படும் அபாயம் ஏற்பட்ட போது, இவர் இறைமக்களோடு சேர்ந்து இறைவனிடம் வேண்டியதால் அந்த அபாயம் வராமல் தவிர்க்கப் பட்டது.

இப்படி இறைமக்களுக்கு நல்லதோர் ஆயனாக இருந்து, திருஅவையை எதிரிகளிடமிருந்து கட்டிக் காத்த இவர் 447 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.

Died 24 July 446

Venerated in Catholic Church

Eastern Catholic Churches

Eastern Orthodox Church

Oriental Orthodoxy

Canonized Pre-Congregation

Feast 20 November (Eastern Churches)

24 October (Roman Catholic Church)

Patriarch of Constantinople and a disciple of St. John Chrysostom. A native of Constantinople, he studied under St. John and then served as secretary to John's enemy, Patriarch Atticus of Constantinople. Ordained by Atticus, he was soon named bishop of Cyzicus, although the inhabitants of the diocese refused to have him for their bishop. Known for his eloquent preaching, he became a vocal opponent of the heretical patriarch Nestorius from 428 and the latter's appointment by Emperor Theodosius II. Six years later, Proclus was himself appointed patriarch of Constantinople, following the death of Patriarch Maximian, who had replaced the deposed Nestorius. As patriarch, he was conspicuous in his opposition to the Nestorian heresy, although he treated the heretics with remarkable patience and forbearance, and gave aid to the people of the city following a terrible earthquake. In 438 he secured the translation of the body of St. John Chrysostom. Proclus' body of writings, comprised mainly of epistles and homilies, included the Tome of St. Proclus, a treatise on the doctrine of the two natures of Christ which was addressed to the Armenians and was intended to refute the unorthodox teachings of Theodore of Mopsuestia. He is also the attributed composer of the Trisagion of the liturgy.




Proclus (died 24 July 446) was an archbishop of Constantinople. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and Oriental Orthodoxy.



St. Felix of Valois

 வலோய்ஸ் நகர புனிதர் ஃபெலிக்ஸ் 

ஒப்புரவாளர்:

பிறப்பு: ஏப்ரல் 16, 1127 

வலோய்ஸ், ஃபிரான்ஸ்

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 4, 1212 (வயது 85) 

செர்ஃப்ராய்ட் துறவு மடம், ப்ரூமெட்ஸ், பிகார்டி, ஃபிரான்ஸ்

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

புனிதர் பட்டம்: மே 1, 1262 

திருத்தந்தை நான்காம் அர்பன்

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

செர்ஃப்ராய்ட் துறவு மடம், ப்ரூமெட்ஸ், அய்ஸ்ன், ஃபிரான்ஸ்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 20

ஒரு கத்தோலிக்க துறவியான புனிதர் ஃபெலிக்ஸ், கத்தோலிக்க குருவும், புனிதருமான “மாதா'வின் ஜான்” (Saint John of Matha) என்பவருடன் இணைந்து “மகா பரிசுத்த திரித்துவ சபை” (Order of the Most Holy Trinity) எனும் கைதிகளின் மீட்புக்கான ஆன்மீக சபையை நிறுவியவர் ஆவார்.

மிகவும் மதிப்புமிக்க பிரபுக்களின் குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்த ஃபெலிக்ஸ், தனது கல்வியை முடித்தபிறகு குருத்துவம் பெற்றார். சிறுவயதிலே உலக செல்வங்களைத் துறந்து காட்டிற்கு சென்று செபத்திலும் தவத்திலும் அமைதியாக தனிவாழ்வு நடத்தி வந்தார்.

குருவான பிறகு தனிமையாக வாழ்ந்து கடுமையான ஏழ்மையை கடைபிடித்தார். இவர் காட்டில் வாழும் துறவிகளை போல, அனைத்தையும் துறந்து வாழ வேண்டுமென்பதை விரும்பினார்.

சிறிது காலத்தின் பிறகு, ஃபிரான்ஸின் தென்கிழக்கு பிராந்தியமான “ப்ரொவென்ஸ்” (Provence) பகுதியைச் சேர்ந்த இளம் பிரபுவும், தெய்வீக முனைவரும் (Doctor of divinity), பிற்காலத்தில் குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றவரும், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் புனிதருமான "மாதாவி'ன் ஜான்" (St. John of Matha) கைதிகளின் மீட்புக்காக ஒரு சபையை ஆரம்பிக்க வேண்டி ஃபெலிக்சின் வழிகாட்டுதலை வேண்டி அவரை சந்தித்தார். அப்போது, எழுபது வயதான நிலையிலும் ஃபெலிக்ஸ் தயங்காமல் அதற்கு சம்மதித்தார்.

கி.பி. 1198ம்  ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், அடர் குளிர் காலத்தில் ரோம் நகர் சென்றடைந்த இவர்கள் இருவரும் அப்போதைய திருத்தந்தை “மூன்றாம் இன்னொசன்ட்” (Pope Innocent III) அவர்களால் வரவேற்கப்பட்டனர். இவர்கள் ஏற்கனவே கொண்டு வந்திருந்த பாரிஸ் ஆயரின் பரிந்துரை கடிதங்களை அவர்களிடம் கையளித்தனர். "கைதிகளின் மீட்புக்கான தூய திரித்துவ சபை" (Order of the Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives) என்ற பெயரில் சபையினைத் தொடங்க திருத்தந்தை அனுமதி அளித்தார்.

சபையின் தலைவராக “மாதாவின் ஜானை” நியமித்த திருத்தந்தை அவர்கள், சபைக்கான சட்ட திட்டங்களை வகுக்கும் அதிகாரங்களை பாரிஸ் நகர ஆயரிடமும், புனித விக்டர் மடாலயத்தின் (Abbot of St. Victor) மடாதிபதியிடமும் அளித்தார். பிற்காலத்தில், அவர்கள் வகுத்த சட்ட திட்டங்கள் திருத்தந்தையின் ஒப்புதலும் பெற்றன. சபையை நிறுவுவதற்காக பாரிஸ் திரும்பிய ஃபெலிக்ஸ் பெரும் உற்சாகத்துடன் வரவேற்கப்பட்டார். ஃபிரான்ஸ் மன்னர் “பிலிப் அகஸ்டஸ்” (King Philip Augustus) சபையை ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டில் அங்கீகரித்தார். அதனை வளர்க்கவும் உதவி செய்தார்.

நாற்பது வருடங்களுக்குள்ளேயே அச்சபை ஐரோப்பாவின் மூலைமுடுக்கெல்லாம் அருநூறுக்கும் மேற்பட்ட துறவு மடங்களுடன் பல்கிப்பெருகியது.



புனிதர் ஃபெலிக்ஸ், தமது தாய் இல்லம் அமைந்திருந்த “செல்ஃப்ராய்டில்” (Cerfroid), தமது சக திரித்துவ துறவியரின் மத்தியில் கி.பி. 1212ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 4ம் தேதியன்று மரித்தார்.

Born April 16, 1127

possibly Valois, France

Died November 4, 1212 (aged 85)

Monastery of Cerfroid, Brumetz, Picardy (now the department of Aisne), France

Venerated in Catholic Church

Canonized May 1, 1262, Rome by Pope Urban IV

Major shrine Monastery of Cerfroid, Brumetz, Department of Aisne, France

Feast November 4

November 20 (General Roman Calendar 1679-1969)

Attributes banner; old man in Trinitarian habit with a coronet at his feet; purse; Trinitarian with a stag nearby; Trinitarian with chains or captives nearby; depicted with the Holy Trinity

Hermit and co-founder of the Trinitarians with St. John of Matha. He lived as a recluse at Cerfroid, France, and in 1198 received approval from the Holy See for the Order of the Most Holy Trinity to ransoms captives from the Moors. Felix founded St. Mathburn Convent in Paris while in his seventies. He died in Cerfroid on November 4. In 1969 his feast was confined to local calendars.


Felix of Valois (French: Félix de Valois; April 16, 1127 – November 4, 1212) was a Cistercian[1] hermit and a co-founder (with John of Matha) of the Trinitarian Order.





Life

Butler says that Felix was born in 1127.[2] He was surnamed Valois because he was a native of the province of Valois. Tradition holds that he renounced his possessions and retired to a dense forest in the Diocese of Meaux, where he gave himself to prayer and contemplation.[3] Much later sources sometimes identify him with Hugh (II), supposed son of Ralph I, Count of Vermandois by Eleanor of Champagne.


John of Matha, a young nobleman, a native of Provence, and doctor of divinity, who was lately ordained priest, having heard of the holy hermit of Cerfroid, sought him out, and put himself under his direction.[2] John proposed to him the project of founding an order for the redemption of captives.[4] Felix, though seventy years of age, readily agreed.


Felix, in company with John, set out for Rome in the depth of winter and arrived there in January 1198, the beginning of the pontificate of Innocent III. They had letters of recommendation from the Bishop of Paris, and the new pope received them with kindness and lodged them in his palace. Though little in favor of new orders, Innocent III granted approval to this enterprise in a Bull of 17 December 1198,[5] under the named of the Order of the Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives. Innocent appointed John of Matha superior-general and commissioned the Bishop of Paris and the Abbot of Saint Victor to draw up for the institute a rule, which he subsequently confirmed.[2] Felix returned to France to establish the Order. He was received with great enthusiasm, and King Philip Augustus authorized the institute in France and fostered it by signal benefactions.[4]


Margaret of Blois donated 20 acres (81,000 m2) of the wood where Felix had built his first hermitage, and on almost the same spot he erected the famous Monastery of Cerfroid, the motherhouse of the Order. Within forty years, the Order possessed six hundred monasteries in every part of Europe. John was obliged to go to Rome to found a house of the Order, the church of which, Santa Maria in Navicella, still stands on the Caelian Hill. Felix remained in France to look after the interests of the congregation. He founded a house in Paris attached to the Church of Saint Maturinus, which afterwards became famous under Robert Guguin, master general of the order.[4]


Felix died amongst his fellow Trinitarians at their motherhouse in Cerfroid on November 4, 1212.[2]


Veneration

Though no bull of his canonization is extant, it is the tradition of his institute that he was canonized by Pope Urban IV on May 1, 1262. Du Plessis tells us that his feast was kept in the Diocese of Meaux as early as the year 1215. On October 21, 1666, Pope Alexander VII confirmed his status as a saint because of his immemorial cult.[6] In 1679 Felix's feast was transferred to November 20 by Pope Innocent XI, when it was placed in the General Roman Calendar because, since 1613, November 4 was the feast day of Charles Borromeo[7] In 1969, his feast was restored to November 4, his dies natalis.[8]


Legacy

Saint-Felix-de-Valois is a village in the province of Quebec. St. Felix de Valois Parish is located in Bankstown, Australia.[9] St. Felix Church in Clifton Springs, New York is named after him. It is now part of Saint Peter's Roman Catholic Parish in the Diocese of Rochester, New York. The current church building was built in 1895 and the name of the parish was changed at that time from St. Agnes to St. Felix by the pastor Felix O'Hanlon. 


St. Bernward of Hildesheim


Born 960

Duchy of Saxony

Died 20 November 1022

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox Church

Major shrine St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim

Feast 20 November

Attributes Bishop vestments, small cross, hammer, chalice

Patronage Architects, painters, sculptors, goldsmiths

Bernward was of a Saxon family and was raised by his uncle Bishop Volkmar of Utrecht when orphaned as a child. He studied at the cathedral school of Heidelburg and at Mainz, where he was ordained in 987. He became imperial chaplain and tutor to the child Emperor Otto III. He was elected bishop of Hildesheim in 993, built St. Michael's church and monastery there, and administered his See capably. He was interested in architecture, art, and metal work and created several metalwork pieces. He was engaged in a dispute for years with Archbishop Willigis of Mainz over episcopal rights to the Gandersheim convent, but eventually Rome ruled in Bernward's favor. He became a Benedictine in later life and died on November 20th. He was canonized in 1193. His feast day is November 20th.



Bernward (c. 960 – 20 November 1022) was the thirteenth Bishop of Hildesheim from 993 until his death in 1022.[1]

Life

Bernward came from a Saxon noble family. His grandfather was Athelbero, Count Palatine of Saxony. Having lost his parents at an early age, he came under the care of his uncle Volkmar, Bishop of Utrecht, who entrusted his education to Thangmar, learned director of the cathedral school at Heidelberg. Under this master, Bernward made rapid progress in the sciences and in the liberal and even mechanical arts. He became very proficient in mathematics, painting, architecture, and particularly in the manufacture of ecclesiastical vessels and ornaments of silver and gold. He completed his studies at Mainz, where he was ordained priest by Archbishop Willigis, Chancellor of the Empire (975-1011). He declined a valuable preferment in the diocese of his uncle, Bishop Volkmar, and chose to remain with his grandfather, Athelbero, to comfort him in his old age. Upon the death of the latter, in 987, he became chaplain at the imperial court, and was shortly afterwards appointed by the Empress-Regent Theophano, tutor to her son Otto III, then six years of age.[1]


His time in office fell during the era of the Saxon emperors, who had their roots in the area around Hildesheim and were personally related to Bernward. During this time, Hildesheim was a center of power in the Holy Roman Empire and Bernward was determined to give his city an image fitting for one of its stature. The column he planned on the model of Trajan's Column at Rome never came to fruition, but Bernward revived classical precedent by having his name stamped on roof tiles made under his direction.[2] Bernward built up the cathedral district with a strong twelve-towered wall and erected further forts in the countryside to protect against attacks by the neighboring Slavic peoples. Under his direction arose numerous churches and other edifices, including even fortifications for the defence of his episcopal city against the invasions of the pagan Normans.[1] He protected his diocese vigorously from the attacks of the Normans.[3]


His life was set down in writing by his mentor, Thangmar, in Vita Bernwardi. For at least part of this document, the authorship is certain, but other parts were probably added in the High Middle Ages. He died on 20 November 1022, a few weeks after the consecration of the magnificent church of St. Michael, which he had built. Bernward was canonized by Pope Celestine III on 8 January 1193. His feast day is November 20.


St. Bernward's Church in Hildesheim, a neo-romanesque church built 1905-07 and St. Bernward's Chapel in Klein Düngen which dates from the 13th century, are named after him.


World Heritage Sites

One of the most famous examples of Bernward's work is a monumental set of cast bronze doors known as the Bernward doors, now installed at St. Mary's Cathedral, which are sculpted with scenes of the Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) and the Salvation of Man (Life of Christ), and which are related in some ways to the wooden doors of Santa Sabina in Rome. Bernward was instrumental in the construction of the early Romanesque Michaelskirche. St. Michael's Church was completed after Bernward's death, and he is buried in the western crypt. These projects of Bernward's are today UNESCO World Heritage Sites.


St Michael's Church has exerted great influence on developments in architecture. The complex bears exceptional testimony to a civilization that has disappeared. These two edifices and their artistic treasures give a better overall and more immediate understanding than any other decoration in Romanesque churches in the Christian West. St Michael's Church was built between 1010 and 1020 on a symmetrical plan with two apses that was characteristic of Ottonian Romanesque art in Old Saxony. Its interior, in particular the wooden ceiling and painted stucco-work, its famous bronze doors and the Bernward bronze column, are – together with the treasures of St Mary's Cathedral – of exceptional interest as examples of the Romanesque churches of the Holy Roman Empire.


St Mary's Cathedral, rebuilt after the fire of 1046, still retains its original crypt. The nave arrangement, with the familiar alternation of two consecutive columns for every pillar, was modelled after that of St Michael's, but its proportions are more slender


Saint Edmund of East Anglia


Also known as

• Edmund the Martyr

• King of the East Angles



Additional Memorial

29 April (translation of relics)


Profile

King of East Anglia at age 14, crowned on Christmas Day 855 by Bishop Saint Humbert of Elmham. Edmund was a model ruler, concerned with justice for his people and his own spirituality; he spent a year sequestered at Hunstanton learning the Psalter by heart. Following one of a series of armed engagement with invading Danes, he was captured. He was ordered to give his Christian people to the pagan invaders; he refused. Martyr.


Born

c.841 probably at Nuremburg, Germany


Died

• beaten, whipped, shot with arrows "until he bristled with them like a hedgehog", and beheaded at Hoxne, Suffolk, England 20 November 870

• buried at Hoxne

• relics moved to Beodricsworth, England (modern Bury Saint Edmunds (Borough of Saint Edmunds)) in the 915

• relics moved to the Cathedral of Saint Paul in London, England in 1010 ahead of an invading Viking force

• relics returned to Bury Saint Edmunds in 1113

• relics re-enshrined in a new church in a Benedictine monastery built by King Canute in 1020

• relics re-enshrined in a new Norman church in Bury Saint Edmunds in 1095

• following a fire, the relics re-enshrined in a new church in 1198

• following a battle in Lincoln, England in 1217, French troops claim to have taken the relics, but modern testing has disproved this; the real relics may have been hidden, destroyed, looted - we just don't know, and no authentic relics exist today



Saint Cyprian of Calamizzi


Also known as

Cipriano



Profile

Born to the to wealthy nobility; his father was a physician, and Cyprian studied medicine himself. Monk at Holy Saviour monastery in Calanna, Italy at age 25. Hermit on family lands in Pavigliana, Italy, spending 20 years in prayer, meditation and growing his own food. Word of his learning and holiness spread, and people came to him for medical help and spiritual advice; some tried to stay as spiritual students, but Cyprian sent them away. Abbot of the San Nicolas monastery in Calamizzi at age 60 at the request of the monks. There Cyprian became known for his austerity, adherance to the rule of his Order, his charity to poor, and his wise counsel to anyone who approached him. He rebuilt the monastery, restored its church, built a bell tower, expanded the library, worked to increase the education and spirituality of his monks, and worked during the day as a free physician to all comers. He once fell from a wagon and broke his leg, which was badly set and left him with a lifelong limp.


Born

c.1125 in Reggio di Calabria, Italy


Died

• 20 November 1190 at the monastery of San Nicola, Calamizzi, Italy of natural causes

• buried in the church of the monastery

• the monastery was destroyed by an earthquake in 1783



Blessed Maria Fortunata Viti


Also known as

Anna Felicia Viti


Profile

Daughter of Luigi Viti, a gambler and heavy drinker, and Anna Bono, who died when Anna was fourteen. Raised her eight siblings after her mother's death, often working as a domestic servant to support them. Joined the Benedictines at the San Maria de'Franconi monastery in Veroli, Italy on 21 March 1851 at age 24, taking the name Sister Maria Fortunata. She was over 70 years in the Order, her days spent spinning, sewing, washing, mending - and praying the whole time. Sister Maria never learned to read or write, and never held any position in her house, but she had a great devotion to the Blessed Sacrament, and whole generations of nuns and local lay people learned from her quiet, humble, happy, prayerful example.



Born

10 February 1827 in Veroli, Frosinone, Italy as Anna Felicia Viti


Died

• 20 November 1922 in Veroli, Frosinone, Italy of natural causes

• interred in a mass grave at her house

• miracles reported at her grave site


Beatified

8 October 1967 by Pope Paul VI




Blessed Ambrose of Camaldoli


Also known as

• Ambrose Traversari

• Ambrogio...



Profile

Born to the Tuscan nobility. Studied assorted arts, sciences and languages in Venice, Italy, and would be considered a classic Renaissance man. Joined the Camaldolese in 1400 at the Santa Maria del Angelis monastery in Florence, Italy. A noted scholar and theologian, he read widely, wrote extensively, including lives of the saints, collected a large library, and translated much of it. Teacher of both religious and lay people. Superior-general of the Camaldolese in 1431. Negotiator between the pope and emperor Sigismond. Worked for re-unification with the Greek bishops at the Council of Florence in 1439, drawing up the final statement of the Council.


Born

16 September 1386 in Portico di Romagna, Florence, Tuscany, Italy as Ambrose Traversari


Died

21 October 1439 in Rome, Italy of natural causes



Saint Bernerio of Eboli


Also known as

Berniero



Profile

Pilgrim to all the major shrines in Spain and then in Rome, Italy. Cave hermit in Eboli, Salerno, Italy.


Born

c.1100 in Spain


Died

• late 12th century of natural causes

• buried at the church of the Benedictine monastery of San Pietro in Eboli, Italy

• relics re-discovered on 16 October 1554

• relics enshrined under the altar of the crypt of the church of San Pietro in Eboli on 25 July 1930


Canonized

Congregation of Rites approved an Office for the clergy of Eboli, Italy on 18 May 1602



Saint Francis Xavier Can Nguyen


Also known as

Phanxicô Xaviê Can


Additional Memorial

24 November as one of the Martyrs of Vietnam


Profile

Layman. Catechist. Worked to help the Paris Foreign Mission Society. Arrested for his faith, he was offered the chance for freedom if he would renounce his faith; he declined. Martyr.


Born

c.1803 in Son Miêng, Hà Ðông, Vietnam


Died

strangled to death on 20 November 1837 in prison in Ô Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Sylvester of Châlons-sur-Saône


Profile

Priest for 40 years. Bishop of Châlons-sur-Saône, France from c.484 to c.525. Saint Gregory of Tours describes him as "the glory of confessors".


Died

c.525 in Châlons-sur-Saône, France of natural causes



Saint Dasius of Dorostorum


Also known as

• Dasius of Silistria

• Dasio of...


Profile

Bishop at Dorostorum (modern Silistra, Bulgaria). Fought against the immorality involved in the Saturnalia and other pagan festivals. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.


Died

c.303



Saint Autbodus of Valcourt


Profile

Missionary and evangelist in the areas of Artois, Hainault and Picardy, regions today in modern France and Belgium. He finally retired to end his days as a hermit near Laon, France.


Born

Ireland


Died

690



Saint Crispin of Ecija


Profile

Fourth century bishop of Ecija, Andalusia, Spain. Martyred in the persecutions of Maximian Herculeus. Has a special office in the old Mozarabic Breviary and Missal.


Died

beheaded in the early 4th century in Ecija, Andalusia, Spain



Saint Hippolytus of Belley


Also known as

• Hippolytus of Condat

• Hippolytus of Saint-Oyend

• Ippolito of...


Profile

Hippolytus of Belley, also known as Hippolyte, was an 8th-century abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Condat near Belley, France. He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, with his feast day celebrated on November 19.


Early Life and Monastic Vocation


Hippolytus was born into a noble family in Gaul, possibly in the region of Burgundy. From a young age, he displayed a strong inclination towards religious life and a deep devotion to the Christian faith. As he grew older, he felt drawn to the monastic life, seeking a path to dedicate himself fully to God and spiritual pursuits.


Entrance to Condat Monastery


Drawn by the reputation of the Benedictine monastery of Condat, Hippolytus sought admission into the community. His request was granted, and he entered the monastery under the guidance of the abbot, Saint Anthelm. Under Anthelm's tutelage, Hippolytus immersed himself in the Benedictine Rule, embracing its principles of prayer, work, and study. He excelled in his spiritual formation, demonstrating a profound understanding of the teachings of the Church and a commitment to living a holy life.


Abbacy of Condat Monastery


Upon the death of Abbot Anthelm, Hippolytus was unanimously elected to succeed him as the head of the Condat monastery. This appointment reflected the deep respect and admiration that the community held for Hippolytus's piety, wisdom, and leadership qualities. As abbot, Hippolytus continued to uphold the traditions and practices of the Benedictine Rule, ensuring the spiritual and temporal well-being of the monastery.


Exemplary Leadership and Spiritual Guidance


Under Hippolytus's leadership, Condat monastery flourished, becoming a beacon of spirituality and learning. Hippolytus's emphasis on prayer and contemplation fostered a deep sense of piety among the monks, while his encouragement of study and intellectual pursuits enriched the monastery's cultural and scholarly life. He was known for his humility, kindness, and compassion, earning the love and respect of his fellow monks and the surrounding community.


Veneration as a Saint


Hippolytus's exemplary life and unwavering dedication to God earned him the reputation of a saintly figure. He was widely revered for his holiness, his wisdom, and his ability to inspire others. After his death, his memory was cherished by the monastic community and the people of Belley, who continued to invoke his intercession for spiritual guidance and protection.

Died

c.772 in Jura, France



Saint Apothemius of Angers



Also known as

Apotemius, Apothème, Hypotheme


Profile

Hermit. Spritual student of Saint Martin of Tours. Priest. Bishop of Angers, France c.380.Saint Apothemius of Angers is a legendary bishop of Angers, France, who was traditionally believed to have lived in the 4th century. However, there is no historical evidence to support the existence of such a person, and his feast day, November 19, is not celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church.


The story of Saint Apothemius is first mentioned in the 12th century by the chronicler Geoffrey of Vendôme, who claimed that Apothemius was the first bishop of Angers and that he was martyred during the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. However, there is no mention of Apothemius in any of the early sources on the history of the Diocese of Angers, and there is no archaeological evidence to support the existence of a 4th-century bishop in Angers.


It is possible that the legend of Saint Apothemius was created to explain the existence of an ancient church in Angers that was dedicated to an unknown saint. It is also possible that Apothemius was a real person who lived in a later century, but whose life was later embellished by legend.


Born

Greece


Died

c.389



Saint Nerses of Sahgerd


Profile

Bishop of Sahgerd in Persia. Arrested with 10 or 12 parishioners during the persecutions of Shapur II. They were offered their freedom if they would worship the sun; they declined. Martyr.


Died

Persia



Saint Gregory Decapolites


Profile

Ninth century monk. Hermit. Pilgrim. An opponent of the iconoclasts, at whose hands he suffered.


Born

at the Decapolis, Asia Minor


Died

842 in Constantinople



Saint Humbert of Elmham


Profile

Ninth-century bishop. Crowned Saint Edmund as king of East Anglia in 855. Martyred by pagan Danish raiders.


Died

870 in East Anglia (in modern England



Saint Eudo of Carméry


Also known as

Eudon, Eudes, Odo, Odon


Profile

Monk at Lerins Abbey in France. Founded the monastery of Corméry-en-Velay.


Died

c.760



Saint Eval of Cornwall


Also known as

Urval, Uvol, Urfol


Profile

Sixth century bishop in Cornwall, England. The village of St Eval, Cornwall was named in his honour.



Saint Maxentia of Beauvais


Profile

Anchoress near Senlis, France. Martyr.


Born

Ireland


Died

martyred in Pont-Sainte-Maxence, France



Saint Teonesto of Vercelli


Also known as

Theoneste, Theonestus


Profile


Saint Teonesto of Vercelli (died c. 391) was the first bishop of Vercelli, Italy. He was born into a pagan family in Vercelli and converted to Christianity as a young man. He was ordained a priest and served as a missionary in the area around Vercelli.


In 345, Teonesto was appointed bishop of Vercelli by Pope Julius I. He served as bishop for over 40 years and was a strong advocate for the Catholic faith. He was also a gifted preacher and writer.


Teosteno was a martyr. He was killed by pagans during the persecutions of Emperor Diocletian

Died

c.313 in Vercelli, Piedmont, Italy



Saint Eustachius of Nicea


Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Emperor Maximinius the Thracian.


Died

235 in Nicea, Asia Minor



Saint Thespesius of Nicea


Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Emperor Maximinius the Thracian.


Died

235 in Nicea, Asia Minor



Saint Anatolius of Nicea


Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Emperor Maximinius the Thracian.


Died

235 in Nicea, Asia Minor



Saint Ampelus of Messina


Profile

Saint Ampelus of Messina, also known as Saint Ampelus the Deacon, is a martyr venerated by the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. He is believed to have been martyred during the reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian in 302 AD.


Ampelus was born in Messina, Sicily, to a Christian family. He was a deacon in the Church and was known for his piety and his dedication to his faith.


During the persecutions of Diocletian, Ampelus was arrested for his Christian beliefs. He was tortured and then beheaded. His body was thrown into the sea, but it was later recovered by Christians and buried in a cemetery in Messina.


Ampelus is venerated as a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. His feast day is celebrated on November 20.

Died

c.302 in Messina, Sicily



Saint Gaius of Messina


Profile

Saint Gaius of Messina is a saint venerated by the Roman Catholic Church. He is believed to have been a bishop of Messina, Sicily, in the 3rd century AD. He is also known as Saint Gaius of Carthage and Gaius the African.


There is not much reliable information about Saint Gaius' life. The information that is available suggests that he was a native of Africa and that he converted to Christianity as a young man. He was ordained a priest and later became bishop of Messina.


Gaius is best known for his role in the Arian controversy. Arianism was a heresy that denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Gaius was a strong opponent of Arianism and he wrote several works in defense of the orthodox faith.


Gaius is also credited with founding the Church of Messina. He is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 20.

Died

c.302 in Messina, Sicily



Saint Dorus of Benevento


Profile



Saint Dorus of Benevento, also known as Saint Dorus of Beneventum, was a martyr and saint venerated by the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is believed to have been martyred in the 3rd century AD during the reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian.


There is not much information about Dorus's life. He was a priest in Benevento, a city in southern Italy. He was arrested for his Christian beliefs and was tortured and then beheaded. His body was thrown into a river, but it was later recovered by Christians and buried in a cemetery in Benevento.


Dorus is venerated as a saint by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 20.



Saint Leo of Nonantula


Profile

Saint Leo of Nonantula (c. 960 – 1013) was a Benedictine monk and the second abbot of Nonantula Abbey, near Modena, Italy. He is sometimes called Leo the Confessor. He was born into a noble family in Modena and became a monk at Nonantula Abbey at a young age. He was appointed abbot of the abbey in 997 and remained in that position until his death.


Leo was a skilled administrator and a spiritual leader. He reformed the abbey and made it a center of learning and piety.




Saint Simplicius of Verona


Profile

 Saint Simplicius of Verona was a bishop of Verona, Italy, in the 6th century AD. He is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church

 He was consecrated bishop of Verona in 518 AD. He attended the Council of Orange in 529 AD. He died in 542 AD.


Simplicius is best known for his role in the Arian controversy. Arianism was a heresy that denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Simplicius was a strong opponent of Arianism and he played a key role in defeating the heresy.


Simplicius is also credited with rebuilding the Cathedral of Verona, which had been destroyed by the Ostrogoths in 541 AD.



Saint Basil of Antioch


Profile

Saint Basil of Antioch (died 499 AD) was a bishop of Antioch, Syria, from 458 to 461 AD. He is venerated as a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on January 29.


Basil was born into a Christian family in Antioch. He was educated in rhetoric and philosophy, and he also studied theology. He became a monk and later a priest.


In 458 AD, Basil was elected bishop of Antioch. He was a strong opponent of Monophysitism, a heresy that denied the two natures of Christ. He also played a key role in the struggle to reunite the churches of the East and the West.


Basil was exiled from Antioch in 461 AD by the Emperor Leo I the Thracian for his opposition to Monophysitism. He spent the rest of his life in exile, first in Cilicia and then in Asia Minor.


Basil is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the early Church. He was a gifted theologian and a charismatic leader. He is also remembered for his holiness and his asceticism.


Martyrs of Antioch


Profile

Group of three Christians executed together for their faith. No details have survived except their names - Basil, Dionysius and Rusticus.


Died

Antioch (Antakya, Turkey)



Martyrs of Heraclea


Profile

A group of 43 Christians martyred together. The only details about them to survive are three of their names - Agapitus, Bassus and Dionysius.


Died

Heraclea, Thrace



Martyrs of Turin


Additional Memorial

20 January (translation of relics)




Profile

Three Christian martyrs whose original stories were lost, and somehow came to be associated with the Theban Legion. They are - Adventor, Octavius and Solutor.


Died

beheaded in 297 in Turin, Italy




Martyred Sisters of the Christian Doctrine


Profile

A group of 17 religious sisters, members all of the Sisters of the Christian Doctrine, who were martyred in two different incidents in 1936 during the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War.



Beatified

1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II



Martyred in the Spanish Civil War



• Blessed Ascensión Duart Roig

• Blessed Aurea Navarro

• Blessed Catalina Calpe Ibáñez

• Blessed Emilia Martí Lacal

• Blessed Francisca Desamparados Honorata Lloret Martí

• Blessed Gertrudis Rita Florència Surís Brusola

• Blessed Isabel Ferrer Sabrià

• Blessed Josefa Pascual Pallardó

• Blessed Josefa Romero Clariana

• Blessed Josepa Mongoche Homs

• Blessed María Antonia del Sufragio Orts Baldó

• Blessed Maria Dolors Llimona Planas

• Blessed María Isabel López García

• Blessed María Purificación Gómez Vives

• Blessed Milagros Ortells Gimeno

• Blessed Paula de San Antonio

• Blessed Teresa Jiménez Baldoví

• Blessed Teresa Rosat Balasch