Saint Jerome
புனித ஹிரோனிமூஸ் (ஜெரோம்) மறைவல்லுநர்
நினைவுத்திருநாள்: செப்டம்பர் 30
பிறப்பு : 347, ஸ்டீரிடன்(Stridon), டல்மாத்தியா(Dalmatia) குரோசியா
இறப்பு : 30 செப்டம்பர் 419 / 420, பெத்லஹேம், பாலஸ்தீனா
பாதுகாவல் : விவிலிய அறிஞர்கள், நூலகர்கள், மொழிப்பெயர்ப்பாளர்கள்
ஹிரோனிமூஸின் தந்தை ஓர் கிறிஸ்துவர். இவரை ரோம் நகருக்கு அனுப்பி, இவரின் தந்தை ஜெரோமை படிக்கவைத்தார். இவர் இலக்கணத்தை நன்றாக கற்றார். லத்தீன் மொழியையும், கிரேக்க மொழியையும் சரளமாக கற்றுத் தேர்ந்தார். அம்மொழியிலேயே பல நூல்களை படித்தார். ஜெரோம் 360 ஆம் ஆண்டு திருத்தந்தை லிபேரியஸ்(Liberius) என்பவரிடம் திருமுழுக்குப் பெற்று, கிறிஸ்தவராக மாறினார். இவர் ஒவ்வொரு ஞாயிற்றுக்கிழமையிலும், தவறாமல் தன் நண்பர்களுடன், மறைசாட்சியர்கள் மற்றும் திருத்தந்தையர்களின் கல்லறையும் சந்தித்து, செபித்து வந்தார். அருங்காட்சியகங்களுக்கு சென்று, அவர்களின் வரலாற்றை வாசித்தார்.
மூன்று ஆண்டுகள் வரலாற்றைப் படித்து அதில் ஆராய்ச்சி மேற்கொண்டார். பின்னர் தன் நண்பர்கள் சிலருடன் சேர்ந்து, அக்குயிலா(Aquileia) என்ற நாட்டிற்கும் மற்றும் பல அயல்நாடுகளுக்கும் சென்று ஆராய்ச்சிகளை மேற்கொண்டார். பின்னர் தன் நண்பர் போனோசாஸுடன்(Bonosus) சேர்ந்து, டிரேவஸ்(Treves) நகரிலிருந்த ஒரு துறவற சபையை சந்தித்து, அச்சபையில் தங்கி, மீண்டும் தன் ஆராய்ச்சிகளை மேற்கொண்டார். அப்போது அத்துறவிகளின் வாழ்வு இவரை கவரவே, தன்னை முழுவதுமாக இறைவனுக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்க எண்ணினார். அதன்பிறகு கத்தோலிக்க் நூலகம் ஒன்றை நிறுவினார். அப்போது புனித ஹிலாரியின் வாழ்க்கை வரலாற்றுப் புத்தகம் ஒன்று இவருக்கு கிடைத்தது. அப்புத்தகத்தை படித்தபின் இவர் மீண்டும் தனது சொந்த ஊரான ஸ்டீரிடன்னிற்குதிரும்பினார்.
அங்கு சில நாட்கல் மாணவர்களுடன் தங்கியிருந்தார். அம்மாணவர்களுக்கு கல்லூரியில் கற்றுக்கொடுத்தார். பின்னர் 373 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏதென்ஸ், பித்தினியா, கலாத்தியா, பொந்து, கப்பதோக்கியா மற்றும் சிலிசியா என்ற நாடுகளுக்கு சென்று ஆராய்ச்சிகளை மேற்கொண்டு கல்லூரிகளில் கற்றுக்கொடுத்தார். பின்னர் அந்தியோக்கியா சென்று மறையுரை ஆற்றினார். இம்மறையுரை மிகவும் புகழ்பெற்றது.
ஜெரோம் அந்தியோக்கிவிலேயே தங்கி மறைப்பணியை செய்தார். அப்போது உடல் நலக்குறைவால் மிகவும் பாதிக்கப்பட்டார். பாலைநிலத்தின் வெப்பம் இவரால் தாங்க முடியவில்லை. இருப்பினும் இறைவேண்டல் செய்து, மீண்டும் நல்ல உடல் நலம் பெற்றார். ஜெரோம் 380 ஆம் ஆண்டு கொன்ஸ்டாண்டினோபிஸ் சென்று, அங்கு விவிலியத்தி ஆராய்ச்சிகளை மேற்கொண்டார். பின்னர் பல புத்தகங்களை எழுதி, கிறிஸ்தவ வாழ்வையும், மறைபரப்பு பணியையும் செய்தார். சிறப்பான பணியை செய்த ஜெரோம் மீண்டும் நோய்வாய்ப்பட்டுஇறந்து போனார்.
Also known as
• Eusebius Hieronymus Sophronius
• Girolamo, Hieronymus, Jerom
• Man of the Bible
Additional Memorial
9 May (translation of relics)
Profile
Born to a rich pagan family, Jerome led a wild and misspent youth. Studied in Rome, Italy, and became a lawyer. He converted and joined the Church in theory, and was baptised in 365, but it was only when he began his study of theology that he had a true conversion and the faith became integral to his life.
He became a monk, then, needing isolation for his study of Scripture, he lived for years as a hermit in the Syrian deserts. There he is reported to have drawn a thorn from a lion‘s paw; the animal stayed loyally at his side for years.
Priest. Student of Saint Gregory of Nazianzen. Secretary to Pope Damasus I who commissioned Jerome to revise the Latin text of the Bible. The result was 30 years of work which we know as the Vulgate translation, the standard Latin version for over a millenia, and which is still in use today.
Friend and teacher of Saint Paula, Saint Marcella, and Saint Eustochium, an association that led to so much gossip that Jerome left Rome to return to desert solitude. He lived his last 34 years in the Holy Land as a semi-recluse, writing and translating works of history, biography, the writings of Origen, and much more. Doctor of the Church and Father of the Church. Since his own time, he has been associated in the popular mind with scrolls, writing, cataloging, translating, which led to those who work in such fields taking him as their patron – a man who knew their lives and problems.
Born
347 at Strido, Dalmatia
Died
• 419 of natural causes
• interred in Bethlehem
• relics at the Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome, Italy
Patronage
• archeologists
• archivists
• Bible scholars
• librarians; libraries
• schoolchildren; students
• translators
• Saint-Jérôme, Québec, city of
• Saint-Jérôme, Québec, diocese of
• Taos Indian Pueblo
Representation
• cardinal's hat, often on the ground or behind him, indicating that he turned his back on the pomp of ecclesiastical life
• lion, referring to the who befriended him after he pulled a thorn from the creature's paw
• man beating himself in the chest with a stone
• aged monk in desert
• aged monk with Bible
• aged monk writing
• old man with a lion
• skull
• hourglass
Saint Francis Borgia
Also known as
Francisco de Borja y Aragon
Profile
Born to the nobility, the great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI; grandson of King Ferdinand of Aragon; son of Duke Juan Borgia. Raised in the court of King Charles V and educated at Saragossa, Spain. Married Eleanor de Castro in 1529, and the father of eight children. Accompanied Charles on his expedition to Africa, 1535, and to Provence, 1536. Viceroy of Catalonia, 1539-1543. Duke of Gandia, 1543-1550. Widower in 1546.
Friend and advisor of Saint Ignatius of Loyola. Joined the Jesuits in 1548. Ordained in 1551. Notable preacher. Given charge of the Jesuit missions in the East and West Indies. Commissary-general of the Jesuits in Spain in 1560. General of the Jesuits in 1565. Under his generalship the Society established its missions in Florida, New Spain and Peru, and greatly developed its internal structures. Concerned that Jesuits were in danger of getting too involved in their work at the expense of their spiritual growth, he introduced their daily hour-long meditation. His changes and revitalization of the Society led to him being sometimes called the "Second Founder of the Society of Jesus". He worked with Pope Saint Pius V and Saint Charles Borromeo in the Counter-Reformation.
Born
28 October 1510 at Gandia, Valencia, Spain
Died
• 30 September 1572 at Ferrara, Italy
• relics translated to the Jesuit church in Madrid, Spain in 1901
Canonized
20 June 1670 by Pope Clement X in Rome, Italy
Patronage
• against earthquakes
• Portugal
• Rota, Marianas
Saint Gregory the Illuminator
Also known as
• Apostle to Armenia
• Gregorios ho phoster
• Gregory Lusavorich
• Gregory of Armenia
• Gregory the Enlightener
• Gregory, Illuminator of Armenia
• The Enlightener
Profile
Gregory's father Anak killed King Khosrov I of Armenia, and young Gregory was sent to Caesarea to avoid being killed in revenge. There he married, and was the father of two sons. Bishop of Ashtishat, Armenia where he became a hugely successful evangelist. Helped free Armenia from Persian rule. Miracle worker. Captured on his return to his native land, he was held prisoner and tortured for 13 years by the son of King Khosrov. Gregory's example led to the conversion of Khosrov to Christianity, and together they evangelized and converted most of Armenia.
Born
257, possibly in Parthia
Died
332 of natural causes
Patronage
Armenia
Blessed Felicia Meda
Profile
Eldest of three children, she was orphaned as a small girl, and had to care for her brother and sister. At age 12 she took a personal of chastity. At age 20 she gave away all she owned and joined the Poor Clares, becoming a nun at the convent of Saint Urusla in Milan, Italy; her sister later became a Poor Clare nun and her brother a Franciscan friar. Abbess of the Saint Urusla convent. Abbess of a newly founded house in Pesaro, Italy, appointed by Saint Bernardine of Siena at the request of the founder, a duchess who knew of Mother Felicia’s personal holiness.
Born
1378 in Milan, Italy
Died
30 September 1444 in Pesaro, Piceno, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
2 May 1807 by Pope Pius VII (cultus confirmation)
Saint Amatus of Nusco
Also known as
Amato di Nusco
Profile
Born to a wealthy family. First bishop of Nusco, Italy in 1048. He restored and built churches, and helped found the Benedictine monastery of Santa Maria in nearby Fondigliano, Italy, a house that lasted 400 years.
Born
c.1003 in Nusco, Italy
Died
• 30 September 1093 of natural causes
• miracles reported at his grave site in Nusco, Italy
• relics translated to the The Church of Saint Stephen in Nusco
Patronage
• against earthquakes
• Nusco, Italy
Blessed Conrad of Urach
Profile
Priest. Canon of the church of Saint Lambert, the cathedral of Liège, when a young man. Cistercian monk at Villers, Belgium in 1199. Prior of Villers. Abbot of Villers in 1209. Abbot of Clairvaux in 1214. Abbot of Citeaux in 1217. General of the Cistercians. Created Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina by Pope Honorius III on 8 January 1219. Papal legate to France from 1220 to 1223. Ordered to suppress the Albigenses in France. Preached Crusade in Germany in from 1224 to 1226. Chosen pope at the death of Honorius III, but he declined the throne.
Born
c.1180
Died
1227 of natural causes
Saint Honoratus of Canterbury
Also known as
Honorius
Profile
Benedictine monk. Missionary to England by order of Pope Gregory the Great, and at the request of Saint Augustine of Canterbury. Bishop, ordained at Lincoln, England by Saint Paulinus of York. Archbishop of Canterbury, England in 627. Ordained Saint Felix of East Anglia as bishop for the East Angles. Ordained Saint Ithamar as bishop of Rochester.
Born
at Rome, Italy
Died
• 653 at Canterbury, England of natural causes
• relics in Saint Peter and Paul's church, Canterbury
Saint Simon of Crépy
Also known as
Simone
Profile
Born to the nobility, he was raised in the court of William the Conqueror in Normandy, France. Count of Crépy, France. His family arranged two marriages for him, but Simon felt a call to religious life, gave up his title and wealth, became a monk at the Condat Abbey in the Jura Mountains, and lived for a while as a hermit. Served in the Roman Curia, and was known for his work as a peace-maker between warring factions.
Died
• c.1082 in Rome, Italy of natural causes
• buried in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome
Saint Ursus the Theban
Also known as
Ursus of Solothurn
Additional Memorial
22 September as one of the Martyrs of the Theban Legion
Profile
One of the Martyrs of the Theban Legion.
Died
• beheaded c.287 in Agaunum (modern St-Maurice-en-Valais, Switzerland
• relics translated to Geneva, Switzerland in 473 by Queen Theudesinde
• relics in several churches in Switzerland
Patronage
Solothurn, Switzerland
Blessed Jean-Nicolas Cordier
Profile
Jesuit priest. Imprisoned on a ship in the harbor of Rochefort, France and left to die during the anti-Catholic persecutions of the French Revolution. One of the Martyrs of the Hulks of Rochefort.
Born
3 December 1710 in Saint-André, Meuse, France
Died
30 September 1794 aboard the prison ship Washington, in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France
Beatified
1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II
Blessed Frederick Albert
Also known as
Federico, Frederico, Fredrik
Profile
Priest. Founded the Congregation of the Vincentian Sisters of Mary Immaculate (Albertines).
Born
16 October 1820 in Turin, Italy
Died
30 September 1876 in Lanzo Torinese, Turin, Italy
Beatified
30 September 1984 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Victor the Theban
Memorial
22 September as one of the Martyrs of the Theban Legion
Profile
Soldier. Martyr. One of the Martyrs of the Theban Legion.
Died
beheaded c.287 in Agaunum (modern St-Maurice-en-Valais, Switzerland
Saint Antoninus of Piacenza
Profile
Soldier. Martyr. A vial of his blood is known to miraculously liquify. Somehow became associated the Theban Legion.
Died
martyred near Piacenza, Italy
Patronage
Piacenza, Italy
Saint Ismidone of Die
Also known as
Ismidón
Profile
Studied at the cathedral of Valance, France. Canon of the cathedral of Lyon, France. Bishop of Die, France in 1097. Twice made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Skilled negotiator and peace-maker.
Born
Grenoble, France
Died
1115 in Die, Gaul (in modern France)
Saint Eusebia of Marseilles
Profile
Nun in Marseilles, Provence, France.
Died
c.497 of natural causes
Saint Laurus
Also known as
Lery
Profile
Founded the monastery later known as Saint-Léry, on the River Doneff in Brittany, France.
Born
7th-century Wales
Saint Leopardus the Slave
Profile
Slave-servant in the household of Julian the Apostate. Martyr.
Died
362 in Rome, Italy
Saint Desiderius of Piacenza
Also known as
Desiderio
Profile
Martyr.
Died
Piacenza, Italy
Saint Enghenedl of Anglesey
Profile
Lived in the 7th-century. A church in Anglesey, Wales was dedicated to him.
Saint Midan of Anglesey
Also known as
Nidan
Profile
Venerated in Anglesey, Wales.
Died
c.610
Saint Castus of Piacenza
Also known as
Casto
Profile
Martyr.
Died
Piacenza, Italy
Saint Colman of Clontibret
Profile
Mentioned in some martyrologies, but no information has survived.
Martyrs of Valsery Abbey
Profile
An unknown number of Premonstratensian monks at the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Valsery, Picardie, France who were martyred by Calvinists.
Died
1567 at Valsery, Pircardy, France
