Bl. John Eynon
Died 15 November 1539
Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England
Venerated in Catholic Church
Beatified 13 May 1895, Rome by Pope Leo XIII
Feast 15 November[1]
Attributes chalice, martyr's palm
Martyred Benedictine of St. Giles, Reading. John served as the pastor of the local parish in St. Giles. He refused to surrender the parish to the authorities and was taken to Reading Abbey. He was executed at the abbey gateway with Blessed Hugh Farington and Blessed John Rugg. They were beatified in 1895.
John Eynon, OSB († 1539) was a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict who acted as the pastor of the parish of St Giles in Reading, England. Copies of Robert Aske's proclamation setting forth the reasons behind the Pilgrimage of Grace had circulated at Reading. Eynon was one of those who had made a copy.[2]
At the dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII, Eynon refused to surrender the parish to the King's authorities and was accused of high treason. He was executed on 15 November 1539 at the gateway to Reading Abbey, along with Hugh Faringdon and John Rugg. Rugg was a prebendary at Chichester, but had retired to live at Reading Abbey.[2] All three men were declared to be martyrs and beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1895.[3][4]
John Eynon is commemorated by a carved wooden plaque in St Giles' Church, now a Church of England parish church, and by a stained glass window in St James' Church, the Roman Catholic parish church that occupies part of the footprint of the now ruined Reading Abbey. He is also depicted on The Martyrdom of Hugh Faringdon, last Abbot of Reading, painted by Harry Morley in 1917, and now in the collection of the Museum of Reading
Bl. Gaius of Korea
Born 1571, Korea
Died 15 November 1624, Nagasaki, Japan
Martyred by Tokugawa Shogunate
Means of martyrdom Burnt at the stake
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church
Beatified 7 July 1867, Rome, by Pope Pius IX
Feast 15 November
Martyr of Japan. A former Buddhist monk of Korea, Gaius went to Nagasaki, Japan. There he was arrested for harboring missionaries and martyred. Gaius was a Dominican tertiary.
Caius of Korea (1571 in Korea – 15 November 1624 in Nagasaki, Japan) is the 128th of the 205 Catholic Martyrs of Japan[1] beatified by Pope Pius IX on 7 July 1867,[2] after he had canonized the Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan five years before on 8 June 1862.
The 19th century French Catholic missionary Claude-Charles Dallet wrote of him in his A history of the church in Korea, "His history proves, in a dazzling way, that God would rather make a miracle than abandon an infidel who follows the lights of his conscience, and seeks the truth with an upright and docile heart."[3]
Biography
Caius was born in Korea and was given to a Buddhist monastery by his parents. He left the monastery because he could not find the peace that he wanted there and went to a mountain to live as a hermit. According to Dallet, "He withdrew into solitude to meditate with more ease on this happiness which he sought. He had as a dwelling only a cave, which he shared with a tiger, which occupied it before him. This wild animal respected its guest; it even yielded the cave to him some time after, and withdrew elsewhere."[3]
Caius only ate what was necessary to preserve his life, abstaining from anything that was not absolutely necessary to live. One night, while in meditation, a man of "majestic aspect" appeared to him,[3] and said to him, "Take courage; within one year you will traverse the sea, and, after much work and fatigue, you will obtain the object of your desire."[3]
In 1592, Japan invaded Korea, and Caius was taken prisoner. On the journey to Japan, they were shipwrecked at Tsushima Island, and Caius, near death, was taken to Kyoto. A Christian named Caius Foyn, the father of his mistress, nursed him back to health.[4]
Allured by the life of the Buddhist monks, he felt that he had found what he had been seeking for many years, and went to live in one of the most famous pagodas in Kyoto. Again he felt that he could not find the peace that he wanted there, and he became ill. During his illness, he had a dream in which he saw the pagoda ablaze. Then a "child of a charming beauty" appeared to him in his dream, comforting him,[3] saying, "Fear no more, you are close to obtaining the happiness you desire."
He found himself cured after the dream. In The Victories of the Martyrs by Saint Alphonsus de Ligouri, it is said that: "One day during sleep it seemed to him that the house was on fire: a little while afterwards a young child of ravishing beauty appeared to him, and announced to him that he would soon meet what he desired; at the same time he felt himself quite well, though he had been sick. Despairing of seeing among the bonzes the light for which he was longing, he resolved to leave them."[5]
Caius then left the temple and went back to his master, who introduced him to a Christian, who in turn introduced him to some Jesuit priests. He converted to Catholicism and was baptised immediately. While he was instructed, one of the priests showed him a tableau representing Jesus Christ, at which Caius is said to have exclaimed, "Oh! Voila! Here is who appeared to me in my cave, and who foretold all that happened to me."[3]
Caius served the sick, especially lepers.[3] In 1614, he went to Spanish Philippines in order to work as a servant to Dom Justo Takayama, a samurai who had been exiled for his Catholic faith. After Takayama died in 1615, Caius returned to Japan, and resumed his duties as a catechist. He helped the missionaries by preaching in his native language to the Koreans who had been taken to Japan after the Japanese invasion of Korea, as well as to the Japanese.[6]
On 15 November 1624, Caius was burnt at the stake with James Coici (Koichi), a Japanese Catholic,[3][5] after he was arrested for harbouring missionaries.
St. Abibus
Born Edessa, Roman Syria
(modern-day Şanlıurfa, Turkey)
Died 322 AD
Edessa, Roman Syria
(modern-day Şanlıurfa, Turkey)
Venerated in Eastern Orthodox church
Roman Catholic Church
Deacon and martyr with Sts. Gurias and Samonas. Abibus served the Church in Edessa, in Syria, where he was arrested during the persecutions of co-Emperor Licinius. The three were burned alive and buried together.
Abibus or Habibus of Edessa (c. 307–322), also known as Abibus the New, was a Christian Deacon who was martyred at Edessa under Emperor Licinius.
Life
Abibus was born in Edessa (modern-day Şanlıurfa, Turkey), in the Roman province of Osroene, in about AD 307. He was ordained a deacon, and the Emperor ordered the arrest of Abibus for his zealous spreading of Christianity.[1] Abibus appeared in front of his executioners not wanting any Christian to have been suffered during his searching.[2]
Abibus was sentenced to be burned at the stake.[3] The martyr entered the fire himself. After the flames were extinguished his body was found undamaged by his mother and relatives. According to the Synaxaristes, Christians took his relics and buried them with those of the fellow martyrs Gurias and Samonas. With Gurias and Samonas, he is venerated as one of the "avengers of unfulfilled contracts". He was buried in Syria in 322.
Feast
Abibus' individual feast day is 2 September in the old Syrian martyrology and 2 November in the Eastern Orthodox church.[4] In the Roman Catholic Church he is celebrated on 15 November, with Gurias and Samonas.
Saint Albert the Great
புனிதர் ஆல்பர்டஸ் மேக்னஸ்
ஆயர், மறைவல்லுநர்:
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1193
லாவீஞ்சன், பவேரியா
இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 15, 1280
கொலோன், தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
அருளாளர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 1622
திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் கிரகோரி
புனிதர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 1931
திருத்தந்தை பதினொன்றாம் பயஸ்
முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:
புனித ஆண்ட்ரூஸ் தேவாலயம், கொலோன், ஜெர்மனி
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 15
பாதுகாவல்:
சின்சினாட்டி (Cincinnati), ஓஹியோ (Ohio), உலக இளையோர் நாள், இயற்கை அறிவியல், மருத்துவ தொழில்நுட்ப வல்லுனர்கள், தத்துவ ஞானிகள், விஞ்ஞானிகள், மாணவர்கள்
“புனிதர் பெரிய ஆல்பர்ட்” (Saint Albert the Great) என்றும், “புனிதர் ஆல்பர்டஸ் மேக்னஸ்” (St. Albertus Magnus) என்றும், “புனிதர் கொலோனின் ஆல்பெர்ட்” (St. Albert of Cologne) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் இவர், ஒரு கத்தோலிக்க புனிதர் ஆவார். இவர் “ஜெர்மனிய டொமினிக்கன் சபைத் துறவியும்” (German Dominican friar) ஆயரும் ஆவார். இவர் தம் வாழ்நாளில் 'அகற்பொது முனைவர்' என்றும் 'புலவாண்மை முனைவர்' என்றும் பாராட்டப்பட்டவர். வாழ்நாள் இறுதியில் தன்பெயருக்கு முன் புனித என்பது மட்டுமன்றி பெரியவர் என்ற பெருமையையும் பெற்றவர்.
“ஜேம்ஸ் ஏ. வீஷிபிள்” (James A. Weisheipl) மற்றும் “ஜோச்சிம் ஆர்.சோடர்” (Joachim R. Söder) போன்ற அறிஞர்கள், இவரை ஜெர்மனியின் “மத்தியகாலத்தின்” (Middle Ages) மாபெரும் தத்துவஞானியாகவும், இறையியலாளராகவும் புகழ்கின்றனர். கத்தோலிக்கத் திருச்சபை இவரை “திருச்சபை (மறையியல்) முனைவராக” தகைமையீந்து பெருமதிப்பு தந்தது. இதுபோல திருச்சபையின் தகைமை பெற்றவர் 36 பேரே என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கதாகும்.
உலக அளவில் மாபெரும் மேதையாக அறியப்பட்ட இவரின் ஆர்வம் அறிவியல், மெய்யியல், இறையியல் என பரந்து விரிந்ததாய் இருந்தது. “ஆர்சனிக்” (Arsenic) என்ற இரசாயன தனிமத்தை கண்டுபிடித்தவர் இவரேயாவார். அத்துடன் “சில்வர் நைட்ரேட்” (Silver nitrate) உள்ளிட்ட ஒளியுணர் கனிம கலவையையும் ஆராய்ந்தவர் இவரே.
கிறிஸ்தவ நம்பிக்கை பகுத்தறிவுக்கு எதிரானது அல்ல என்றும், இவ்வுலகப் படைப்பானது, இறைவனால் எழுதப்பட்ட ஒரு புத்தகமாக நோக்கப்பட்டு, வெவ்வேறு அறிவியல்களால் அதனதன் வகையில் வாசிக்கப்பட்டு புரிந்துகொள்ளப்பட முடியும் என்பதனை இப்புனிதர் வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார். அரிஸ்டாட்டில் குறித்த இப்புனிதரின் எழுத்துக்கள் மெய்யியல் மற்றும் இறையியல் எனும் அறிவியல்களுக்கிடையேயான வேறுபாடுகளைக் காட்டுகின்றது.
வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு:
ஆல்பெர்ட், கி.பி. 1280ம் ஆண்டில் மரித்தபோது இவருக்கு 80 வயது எனக் கூறப்படுவதால், இவர் கி.பி. 1200க்கு முன்பே பிறந்துள்ளார். ஒன்றுக்கும் மேற்பட்ட தக்க சான்றுகளின்படி, இறக்கும்போது 87 வயது முடிந்திருந்ததாக அறியப்படுவதால், இவர் கி.பி. 1193ல் பிறந்ததாகப் பொதுவாக ஏற்கப்படுகிறது. ஆல்பெர்ட், (தற்போது, “பவரியா” (Bavaria) எனப்படும்) “லாவீஞ்சனில்” (Lauingen) பிறந்திருக்கலாம். ஏனெனில் இவர் தன்னை “லாவீஞ்சனின்” ஆல்பெர்ட் என அழைத்துக்கொண்டார். அல்லது அது வெறுமனே அவர் குடும்பப் பெயராகவும் இருக்கலாம்.
ஆல்பர்ட், பெரும்பாலும் “பதுவை” (University of Padua) பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் கல்வி கற்றார். “ருடொல்ஃப் டி நொவமகியா” (Rudolph de Novamagia) எனும் சரித்திர ஆசிரியரின் கூற்றின்படி, பிற்காலத்தில், ஆல்பர்ட்டுக்கு அர்ச்சிஷ்ட கன்னி மரியாள் திருக்காட்சியளித்ததாக கூறப்படுகிறது. அன்னையின் உந்துதல் மற்றும் திருவுளப்படி, ஆல்பர்ட், கி.பி. 1223 அல்லது 1229ம் ஆண்டில் டொமினிக்கன் (Dominican Order) சபையின் உறுப்பினராகி, “போலோக்னா” (Bologna) மற்றும் பிற இடங்களில் இறையியல் கற்றார்.
இறையியலில் மாபெரும் தேர்ச்சி பெற்ற இவர், பாரீசில் தன் படிப்பை முடித்தபின் “கொலோனில்” (Cologne) கல்வி கற்பிக்கும் பணியைத் துவக்கினார். இவர், கற்பிப்பதற்கும் எழுதுவதற்கும் என திரும்பினார். இவர், “ரீகன்ஸ்பர்க்” (Regensburg), “ஃப்ரேய்பர்க்” (Freiburg), “ஸ்ட்ராஸ்பௌர்க்” (Strasbourg) மற்றும் “ஹில்ட்ஷெய்ம்” (Hildesheim) ஆகிய இடங்களிலுள்ள பல பல்கலை கழகங்களில் இறையியல் பேராசிரியராக பணிபுரிந்தார். இவரது வகுப்புகள் மிகவும் சிறந்த முறையில் இருந்ததால், மிக அதிகமான எண்ணிக்கையில் மாணவர்கள் இவரது வகுப்புகளுக்கு வந்தனர். இதனால், இவரது பாடங்களை வகுப்புகளில் நடத்த முடியாமல், திறந்த வெளிகளில் நடத்தினார்.
கி.பி. 1254ம் ஆண்டு, ஆல்பர்ட் டொமினிக்கன் சபையின் தலைவராக நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். பெரும் கவனிப்பு மற்றும் செயல்திறனுடன் அலுவலக கடமைகளை நிறைவேற்றினார்.
கி.பி. 1260ம் ஆண்டில், திருத்தந்தை “நான்காம் அலெக்சாண்டர்” (Pope Alexander IV) இவரை ஜெர்மனியின் “பவரியாவிலுள்ள” (Bavaria) “ரீகன்ஸ்பர்க்” (Regensburg) ஆயராக நியமித்தார். மூன்று வருடங்களின் பின்னர், அவர் அந்த பதவியிலிருந்து விலகினார். 1263ம் ஆண்டு, இவரை ஆயர் பதவியிலிருந்து விலக அனுமதித்த திருத்தந்தை “நான்காம் அர்பன்” (Pope Urban IV), இவரை ஜெர்மன் மொழி பேசும் நாடுகளில் “எட்டாவது சிலுவைப் போரை” (Eighth Crusade) போதிக்குமாறு கூறினார்.
கி.பி. 1278ம் ஆண்டு, இவரது உடல் ஆரோக்கியம் சீர்குலைந்து போன பிறகு, கி.பி. 1280ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 15ம் நாள், ஆல்பர்ட், மரித்துப்போனார்.
கி.பி. 1931ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை பதினொன்றாம் பயஸ் (Pope Pius XI), இவரை புனிதராகவும், மறைவல்லுனராகவும் உயர்த்தினார். 1941ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை “பன்னிரண்டாம் பயஸ்” (Pope Pius XII), இவரை இயற்கை சார்ந்த அறிவியல் விஞ்ஞானிகளின் பாதுகாவலராக அறிவித்தார்.
Also known as
• Albert of Lauingen
• Albertus Magnus
• Doctor Expertus
• Doctor Universalis
Profile
Son of a military nobleman. Dominican. Priest. Taught theology at Cologne, Germany, and Paris, France. Teacher of Saint Thomas Aquinas. Influential teacher, preacher, and administrator. Bishop of Regensburg, Germany. Introduced Greek and Arabic science and philosophy to medieval Europe. Known for his wide interest in what became known later as the natural sciences - botany, biology, etc. Wrote and illustrated guides to his observations, and was considered on a par with Aristotle as an authority on these matters. Theological writer. Doctor of the Church.
Born
1206 at Lauingen an der Donau, Swabia (part of modern Germany)
Died
15 November 1280 at Cologne, Prussia (part of modern Germany) of natural causes
Beatified
1622 by Pope Gregory XV
Canonized
1931 by Pope Pius XI
Blessed Lucy of Narni
Also known as
• Lucy Brocolelli
• Lucy de Alessio
• Lucia Broccadelli
Profile
The eldest of eleven children of Bartolomeo Broccadelli and Gentilina Cassio. A pious child, at age five she received a vision of Our Lady, and at age seven she saw Mary and received a scapular from Saint Dominic de Guzman. By age twelve she had taken private vows and had decided to become a Dominican. However, her father died, she was placed in the care of her uncle, and at age 15 she was betrothed in an arranged marriage to Count Pietro de Alessio of Milan, Italy. Her fondness for Pietro and her duty to her family conflicted with her desire for the religious life, and the stress caused her to become ill until she received a vision of Mary, Saint Dominic and Saint Catherine. She finally married the count, but he understood that they would live as brother and sister.
Lucy took over the operation of the count's household. She taught catechism to the servants, began caring for the local poor, and spent her evenings in prayer. The servants claimed that Saint Catherine, Saint Agnes of Rome and Saint Agnes of Montepulciano helped her bake bread for the poor. At one point Lucy simply walked away from home, planning to become an anchorite; she claimed that Saint Dominic brought her back as she had other things to do; her husband had her locked up, possibly for what he considered her own safety. This became the breaking point for them; a few weeks later Lucy returned to her mother's home. Pietro eventually became a Franciscan and noted preacher.
In 1496 she moved to Viterbo, Italy, and joined a group of Dominican tertiaries. Her visions continued, she began to fall into ecstasies during prayer, and received the signs of the stigmata. Word of her visions and actions got around, and curiosity seekers came to gawk at her. Her bishop investigated her himself, but did not come to any conclusion about the nature of her visions, and referred her to the Inquisition. They investigated, reached no decision, and referred her to the Vatican. The Pope, with the help of Blessed Columba of Rieti, decided that the mystical signs were of God, and asked Lucy to pray for him.
Lucy returned to Viterbo where the locals were excited to have her back. However, the count of Ferrara, Italy who had just built a convent of Saint Catherine of Siena in Narni, Italy, asked Lucy to serve as its prioress; she agreed, with the plan to make it a house of very strict observance. This triggered a two-year conflict between the two cities which actually led to armed conflict when the count sent troops to Viterbo in 1499 to escort her to the convent. There she ran into additional problems as many novices were unable to live under the strict rules; there was sometimes a circus atmosphere at the house as the count brought visitors to show off Lucy, and would demand that she show signs of stigmata. In 1505 the Dominicans replaced her as prioress, and the new superior had her confined; for her remaining 39 years she lived in silence, speaking only to her confessor, completely obedient, never complaining, utterly forgotten by the outside world, and spending all free time in prayer, frequently going into ecstasies and receiving visions.
Born
13 December 1476 in Narni, Umbria, Italy as Lucy Brocolelli
Died
• 15 November 1544 at the Saint Catherine of Siena convent in Ferrara, Italy of natural causes
• miracles were reported at her tomb, people began to visit her grave to pray, and she was re-interred twice to make it easier for them
• interred in the cathedral in Ferrara
• body incorrupt
Beatified
1 March 1710 (cultus confirmed) by Pope Clement XI
Saint Raphael Kalinowski
Also known as
• Joseph Kalinowski
• Raffael di San Giuseppe
• Raphael Joseph Kalinowski
• Raphael of Saint Joseph
Profile
Son of Andrew Kalinowski, prominent mathmatics professor at the College of Nobility, and Josepha Poionska Kalinowski. Studied at his father's school. Though he felt a call to the priesthood, Joseph decided on college first. He studied zoology, chemistry, agriculture, and apiculture at the Institute of Agronomy in Hory Horki, Russia, and at the Academy of Military Engineering at Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Lieutenant in the Russian Military Engineering Corps in 1857. Planned and supervised the construction of the railway between Kursk and Odessa. Promoted to captain in 1862, he was stationed in Brest-Litovsk. There he started, taught, and bore all the costs of a Sunday school, accepting anyone interested.
In 1863 he supported the Polish insurrection. He resigned from the Russian army and became the rebellion's minister of war for the Vilna region; he took the commission with the understanding that he would never hand out a death sentence or execute a prisoner. Arrested by Russian authorities on 25 March 1864. In June 1864 he was condemned to death for his part in the revolt, but the authorities feared they would be creating a political martyr, and commuted his sentence to ten years forced labour in the Siberian salt mines; part of his sentence was spent in Irkutsk where his relics recently sanctified a new cathedral.
Released in 1873, he was exiled from his home region in Lithuania. Moved to Paris, France, and worked as a tutor for three years. In 1877 he finally answered the long-heard call to the religious life, and joined the Carmelite Order at Graz, Austria, taking the name Raphael. Studied theology in Hungary, then joined the Carmelite house at Czama, Poland. Ordained on 15 January 1882.
Worked to restore the Discalced Carmelites to Poland, and for church unity. Founded a convent at Wadowice, Poland, c.1889. Worked with Blessed Alphonsus Mary Marurek. Noted spiritural director of both Catholics and Orthodox. Enthusiastic parish priest, he spent countless hours with his parishioners in the confessional.
Born
1 September 1835 at Vilna, Russian Poland (modern Vilnius, Lithuania) as Joseph Kalinowski
Died
15 November 1907 at Wadowice, Malopolskie, Poland of natural causes
Canonized
17 November 1991 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Joseph Pignatelli
Also known as
• Giuseppe Maria Pignatelli
• José Pignatelli Moncayo
Additional Memorial
14 November (Jesuits)
Profile
His mother was Spanish, his father an Italian noble. An orphan at age 9, he became a resident student at the Jesuit college in Zaragoza. Joined the Jesuits in 1753 at Taragona at age 16, along with his brother. Developed tuberculosis, which weakened and haunted him the rest of his life. Ordained in 1763 at age 25. Teacher at Manresa, Bilboa, and Zaragoza. Ministered to men on death row.
Expelled with other Jesuits on 3 April 1767 by order of King Charles III. Being a member of the nobility, Joseph had a chance to stay, but he left with his exiled brothers. On the road they found that the Jesuits were being expelled from all countries except Prussia and Russia. Joseph stubbornly kept together a remnant of the order, and these would the restoration of the Jesuits three years after Joseph's death. Led and inspired the Jesuits during the 41 years of the Suppression of the Society. Considered the link between the old Jesuits, suppressed in 1773, and the new Jesuits, restored in 1814.
Groups of Jesuits reformed into societies such as The Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in France and The Society of the Faith of Jesus in Italy. The Jesuits survived in Russia, and though he lived in Italy, Joseph associated himself with them. In 1775, Pope Pius VI gave permission for Jesuits from other countries to rejoin the Jesuits in Russia, and in 1799 approved the opening of a novitiate in Colorno, Italy, making Joseph the Master of Novices. In 1801 King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia reinstated the Jesuits in his kingdom, and in 1815 he joined them himself.
In 1800 Pope Pius VII determined to completely restore the Society, but was unable until the fall of Napoleon. Despite their being virtually nothing left of the Society's resources, requests for the restored Jesuits to start schools poured in from every direction. Within a year the Society had as many members and as many foundations as the old Society had had in 1555.
Born
27 December 1737 at Zaragoza, Spain
Died
15 November 1811 in Rome, Italy of his life long fight with tuberculosis
Canonized
12 June 1954 by Pope Pius XII
Blessed Hélène-Marie-Philippine de Chappotin de Neuville
Also known as
• Marie of the Passion
• Marie de la Passion de Chappotin
Profile
The death of two sisters and a cousin led Hélène to look for meaning in life, which led to her discerning a call to religious life. Her mother died when Hélène was 20 years old, and she put the religious life on hold to run her family home and help raise her younger siblings. In December 1860, having a great devotion to Saint Francis of Assisi, she was finally able to follow the call and joined the Poor Clares, but health problems forced her to return home. When she recovered, her confessor directed her to the Society of Marie Reparatrice which she joined in 1864, making her profession in Toulouse, France on 15 August 1865, taking the name Mary of the Passion. Missionary to India in March 1865. Provincial superior of three Reparatrice houses in July 1867. In the mid-1870's, she became embroiled in disputes among missionary houses in India which led to going to the Vatican to seek help settling the issue. On 6 January 1877 she obtained permission from Pope Pius IX to found the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary. Worked with Servant of God Father Bernardin de Portogruaro. Due to internal politics and dissension, she was removed from her position as superior of the Order in March 1883; an inquiry by Pope Leo XIII cleared her of all allegations and she was re-elected to the position of Superior in July 1884. Today the Missionaries continue their good work with 2,000 sisters at 86 houses on four continents.
Born
21 May 1839 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France
Died
• 15 November 1904 in San Remo, Imperia, Italy of natural causes
• interred in a private oratory at the general house of the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in Rome, Italy
Beatified
• 20 October 2002 by Pope John Paul II
• her beatification miracle involving the healing of a religious sister who suffered from "pulmonary and vertebral TBC, Pott's Disease"
Saint Rocco Gonzalez
Also known as
• Roch Gonzalez
• Roque Gonzalez
Profile
Born to the Paraguayan nobility. Jesuit priest. One of the architects of the Jesuit Reductions in Paraguay. Realizing the damage of the slave trade, the Jesuits gathered the indigenous Indians and went inland. In Paraguay, beginning in 1609, they built settlements, taught agriculture, architecture, construction, metallurgy, farming, ranching and printing. By the time the Jesuits were expelled in 1767 they had 57 settlements with over 100,000 native residents.
Roch served as doctor, engineer, architect, farmer and pastor, supervised the construction of churches, schools and homes, and introduced care for cattle and sheep to the natives. He adapted his tactics to the locals love of ornament, dancing, and noise. On the great feasts of the Church, Roch solemnly celebrated Mass outside the little thatched church, and then the whole village dressed in their best and celebrated the rest of the day with games, bonfires, religious dances, flute music, and fireworks. Fierce warriors were softened by Roch's gentle Christianity, put aside their hatred for religion, and embraced the faith; violent revenge, previously part of the local culture, was abandoned.
This progress recevied a severe blow by the arrival of slave traders who were able to influence the Spanish crown and get permission for their activity. They lured natives away from the Reductions, betrayed them, and sold them into slavery. Roch became a stanch protector of their freedom, pleading the Indian cause so forcefully with the Spanish government that the Reduction of Saint Ignatius was finally left in peace.
Because of his success in evangelizing the natives, a local witch-doctor who was losing his power base murdered Roch along with Saint John de Castillo and Saint Alphonsus Rodriquez. One of the Jesuit Martyrs of Paraguay.
Born
1576 at Asunción, Paraguay
Died
martyred on 15 November 1628 at Caaro, Brazil, just as he finished celebrating Mass
Canonized
16 May 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Leopold III
புனித_மூன்றாம்_லியோபோல்ட் (1073-1136)
நவம்பர் 15
இவர் ஆஸ்திரியாவைச் சார்ந்தவர். இவரது தந்தை ஆஸ்திரியாவின் ஆளுநராக இருந்தவர்.
தன் தந்தையின் மறைவுக்குப் பின் ஆஸ்திரியாவின் ஆளுநராக உயர்ந்த இவர், இறைப்பற்றிற்கும் அறச்செயல்களுக்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த எடுத்துக்காட்டாக விளங்கினார்.
1106 ஆம் ஆண்டு மூன்றாம் ஹென்றி என்பவருடைய மகளை மணந்த இவர், இல்லறத்தில் நல்லறம் கண்டார். இவருக்கு இறைவன் ஒன்பது குழந்தைகளைக் கொடுத்து அருள்பாலித்தார்.
தனக்கு ஆஸ்திரியாவின் மன்னராவற்கான வாய்ப்பு வந்தபோதும், இவர் மிகுந்த தாழ்ச்சியோடு அதை மறுத்து தாழ்ச்சிக்கு எடுத்துக்காட்டாக விளங்கினார். இவர் பல துறவு மடங்களையும் கோயில்களையும் கட்டித் தந்தார் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.
இவருக்கு 1486 ஆம் ஆண்டு புனிதர் பட்டம் கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.
Also known as
• Leopold the Good
• Leopold the Pious
• Leopold the Valiant
• Leopold of Austria
• Leopold the Saint
Profile
Grandson of Emperor Henry III. Grandfather of Frederick Barbarossa. Educated by bishop Altman of Passau, Germany. At age 23 he succeeded his father as margrave (military governor) of Austria. Married to Agnes, widowed daughter of Emperor Henry IV. She brought two children into the marriage, and they had eighteenof their own, eleven of whom survived. Father of Otto of Freising, who wrote Leopold's biography, and of Duke Henry II of Austria, and step-father to King Conrad III of Germany. Founded Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian houses in 1106, and others later in life; houses in Heiligenkreuz, Klosterneuburg, and Mariazell still exist. Defeated the Hungarians to defend his homeland. Arranged the Concordat of Worms in 1122, an agreement that ended the battle over royal versus ecclesiastical investiture. Refused the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor in 1125. Active in support of the First Crusade.
Born
1073 at Melk, Lower Austria, Austria
Died
1136 at the abbey of Klosternburg, Niederosterrich, Austria of natural causes
Canonized
6 January 1485 by Pope Innocent VIII
Saint Joseph Mukasa
Also known as
• Josef Mukasa
• Joseph Balikuddembe
• Joseph Mkasa Balikuddembe
• Joseph Mkasa
• Yosefu Mkasa
• Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe
Addtitional Memorial
3 June as one of the Martyrs of Uganda
Profile
Kayozi clan. Major-domo to King Mwanga of Uganda, and captain of the king's pages. Convert, joining on 15 November 1885. Rebuked the 18 year old king for his dissolute lifestyle, his drinking, his advances to the male court pages, and the martyrdom of Anglican missionary bishop James Hannington. Not the first Christian killed in Uganda, but the first Catholic martyr in the country. One of the Martyrs of Uganda who died in the Mwangan persecutions.
Born
1860 at Buganda, Uganda
Died
• beheaded on 15 November 1885 at Nakivubo, Uganda
• his body was burned
Canonized
18 October 1964 by Pope Paul VI at Rome, Italy
Blessed John Rugg
Profile
Former fellow of the two Saint Mary Winton colleges. Priest. First holder of the Wykehamical prebend "Bursalis" at the Chichester Cathedral. Obtained a dispensation from residence, and was living as a Benedictine monk at Reading, Berkshire, England in 1532. Believed to have hidden the hand of Saint Anastasius, a relic housed in the cathedral, when the king's men seized the relics in the Reading abbey, and which was rediscovered during renovations in 1786. For this, and for denying the king's as head of the Church, he was executed. Martyr.
Born
English
Died
• dragged through the streets, hanged, drawn, and quartered on 15 November 1539 at the main abbey gateway in Reading, Berkshire, England
• body left to rot in his chains as a warning for others
• body removed by locals and buried first at Bere Court
• relics re-interred in the 16th century
Beatified
13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII
Saint Alonso Rodriguez
Also known as
• Alphonsus Rodriquez
• Alphonso Rodriquez
Profile
Jesuit, ordained in 1624. Missionary to Paraguay and Brazil. With Saint Rocco Gonzalez and Saint Juan de Castillo, he co-founded the "reduction" of the Assumption on the Ijuhi River. In 1628 they established the All Saints mission in Caaro, Brazil. Killed 15 days into his missionary work. One of the Jesuit Martyrs of Paraguay, the first martyrs in the Americas to be beatified.
Born
14 September 1595 in Belmonte, Cuenca, Spain
Died
hacked to death with a hatchet on 15 November 1628 at Caaro, Brazil
Canonized
16 May 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Findan of Rheinau
Also known as
Findanus, Fintan
Profile
Captured by Norse raiders, who murdered the rest of his family, Findan was forced into slavery in the Orkney Islands. He escaped to Scotland and headed south, becoming a pilgrim to Rome, Italy. Monk at Farfa Abbey, Farfa Sabina, Italy. Monk and hermit in Rheinau Abbey, Rheinau, Switzerland for 22 years, living his last 17 years as a walled-in recluse.
Born
Leinster, Ireland
Died
• 879 at the Rheinau Abbey, Rheinau, Switzerland of natural causes
• relics enshrined in the Fintansaltar in the abbey church
Canonized
1114 by Pope Paschal II (cultus confirmation)
Saint Malo of Aleth
Also known as
• Malo of Brittany
• Mac'h Low, Machutus, Maclou, Maclovio, Maclovius, Macuto
Profile
An adult convert who was baptized by and became the spiritual student of Saint Brendan the Navigator. Monk at Llancarfan Abbey in Wales. One of the monks on the famous Voyage of Saint Brendan. Immigrant to Brittany where he helped in the missionary work of Saint Aaron of Brettany. First bishop of Aleth (modern Saint-Servan, France). Established churches in the area of Brittany now named Saint-Malo in his honour. Driven from the area to Saintes, France by opponents to his mission.
Born
c.520 in Wales
Died
15 November c.620 at Archingeay, France
Blessed Hugh Faringdon
Also known as
• Hugh Cook
• Hugh Farrington
Profile
Abbot in Reading, England in 1520. Royal chaplain, member of Parliament, and close friend of King Henry VIII. When Henry split with Rome and ordered the dissolution of religious houses, Hugh refused to surrender his abbey. He was convicted of treason, and martyred.
Born
in Faringdon, Berkshire, England as Hugh Cook
Died
15 November 1539 in Reading, Berkshire, England
Beatified
13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)
Blessed Richard Whiting
Profile
Benedictine monk at Glastonbury Abbey. Educated at Cambridge. Ordained in 1501. Abbot of Glastonbury in 1525. Leader of his house when King Henry VIII seized Church property as part of his usurpation of religious power. Arrested for refusing to turn his abbey over to the king's men. Convicted of treason for remaining loyal to Rome. Martyr.
Born
Wrington, Somerset, England
Died
hanged, drawn, and quartered on 1 December 1539 at Tor Hill, Glastonbury, England
Beatified
13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII
Saint Sidonius of Saint-Saëns
Profile
Monk at Jumièges Abbey in France in 664. Spiritual student of Saint Philibert. Spent several years travelling from monastery to monastery. Companion to Saint Ouen of Rouen in Rome, Italy for more than ten years. Sent by Ouen to found a monastery near the city of Rouen; it was known as Saint-Saëns, France and was destroyed in the 9th century by war. Sidonius founded several other monasteries in this region, and served as abbot, before retiring to live as a simple monk. Spiritual teacher of Saint Leutfridus.
Born
7th century Ireland
Died
c.684 of natural causes
Blessed John Thorne
Profile
Benedictine monk at Glastonbury. Abbey treasurer at the time the house was dissolved by decree of King Henry VIII. When the king's men arrived to disperse the monks and impound the treasury, John hid it. For keeping Church property from the king, he was charged with sacrilege and treason. Tortured and executed. Martyr.
Died
dragged through the streets by horses then hanged, drawn, and quartered on 15 November 1539 at Tor Hill, Glastonbury, Somerset, England
Beatified
13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII
Saint Desiderius of Cahors
Also known as
Didier
Profile
Born to the Gallo-Roman nobility, the son of Salvius and Herchenfreda; brother of Saint Rusticus. Educated in the court of King Clotaire II. Studied canon law. Royal treasurer to Clotaire II and Dagobert I. Bishop of Cahors, France from 630 to 655. Great supporter of monastic life for both men and women in his diocese, and of church construction.
Born
c.580 in Albi, France
Died
655 of natural causes
Blessed Roger James
Profile
Sub-treasurer of, sacristan for and the youngest Benedictine monk in Glastonbury Abbey. Arrested for refusing to acknowledge King Henry VIII as head of the Church. Martyr.
Born
England
Died
dragged through the streets by horses then hanged, drawn, and quartered on 15 November 1539 at Tor Hill, Glastonbury, Somerset, England
Beatified
13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII
Blessed John Eynon
Also known as
John Oynon
Profile
Benedictine monk. Priest at Saint Giles, Reading, England. He refused to surrender his parish to non-Catholic authorities, was arrested, and executed. Martyr.
Born
English
Died
hanged on 15 November 1539 at the entrance of the abbey in Reading, Berkshire, England
Beatified
13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)
Saint Anianus of Wilparting
Also known as
• Anianus of Irschenberg
• Aniano
Profile
Saint Anianus of Wilparting, also known as Saint Anianus the Deacon, was an early Christian missionary who lived in the 7th century. He is believed to have been born in Ireland or Scotland and to have traveled to Bavaria with Saint Marinus, another early Christian missionary. Together, they evangelized the region and established a monastery at Wilparting, which is now a village in the district of Miesbach in Bavaria, Germany.
Anianus was a faithful companion of Saint Marinus and is said to have been ordained a deacon by Pope Eugenius I. He assisted Marinus in his missionary work and is credited with converting many people to Christianity. Anianus is also said to have possessed the gift of healing and to have performed many miracles.
After Marinus's death, Anianus continued to live at Wilparting and to serve the local community. He is said to have died on the same day as Marinus, November 14, 697. Anianus and Marinus are both buried at the monastery in Wilparting, and their graves are still a popular pilgrimage site.
Died
697 at Mount Irschenberg, Bavaria, Germany
Saints Marinus of Wilparting
Also known as
• Marianus of Irschenberg
• Mariano
Profile
Saint Marinus of Wilparting, also known as Saint Marinus the Scot, was an early Christian missionary who lived in the 7th century. He is believed to have been born in Ireland or Scotland and to have traveled to Bavaria with Saint Anianus, another early Christian missionary. Together, they evangelized the region and established a monastery at Wilparting, which is now a village in the district of Miesbach in Bavaria, Germany.
Marinus is said to have been a wise and compassionate man who was dedicated to spreading the Gospel. He is credited with converting many people to Christianity and with establishing a number of churches and monasteries in the region. Marinus is also said to have possessed the gift of healing and to have performed many miracles.
According to tradition, Marinus was martyred in 697. He is said to have been captured by pagan bandits and tortured for his faith. When he refused to renounce his Christianity, he was burned alive. Marinus's martyrdom made him a martyr and a saint,
Died
697 at Mount Irschenberg, Bavaria, Germany
Blessed Caius of Korea
Also known as
Caio
Profile
Layman catechist in the archdiocese of Nagasaki, Japan. Martyr. Caius was accepted into the Jesuits, but had been executed before the notice reached him.
Born
1571 in Korea
Died
burned alive on 15 November 1624 in Nagasaki, Japan
Beatified
7 May 1867 by Pope Pius IX
Blessed Miguel Díaz Sánchez
Profile
Priest in the diocese of Albacete, Spain. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.
Born
30 July 1879 in Caudete, Orihuela, Spain
Died
15 November 1936 in Almansa, Albacete, Spain
Beatified
28 October 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI
Saint Gurias of Edessa
Also known as
Guria, Gury
Profile
Saint Gurias of Edessa was a Christian martyr who lived in the 4th century. He is believed to have been born in Edessa, a city in what is now Turkey. Gurias was a devout Christian and a passionate preacher of the Gospel. He is said to have converted many people to Christianity, including the wife of the Roman governor of Edessa.
The governor, Antoninus, was enraged by Gurias's success and ordered him to be arrested. Gurias was tortured and imprisoned, but he refused to renounce his faith. He was eventually beheaded, along with his companions, Saints Samonas and Abibus.
The martyrdom of Gurias, Samonas, and Abibus was a major event in the early history of Christianity. It helped to inspire other Christians to stand up for their faith, even in the face of persecution.
Born
Sarcigitua
Died
beheaded in 305 at Edessa, Syria
Saint Shamuna of Edessa
Also known as
Samonas
Profile
Saint Shamuna of Edessa, also known as Shmuna or Simeon, was a Christian martyr who lived in the 3rd century. He is believed to have been born in Edessa, a city in what is now Turkey. Shamuna was a devout Christian and a zealous defender of the faith. He is said to have been a skilled debater and to have successfully defended Christianity against pagan and Jewish critics.
Under the reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, a fierce persecution of Christians began. Shamuna was arrested and brought before the governor of Edessa, who ordered him to sacrifice to the Roman gods. Shamuna refused, and he was tortured and imprisoned.
After months of torture and imprisonment, Shamuna was finally beheaded. He was martyred on November 15, 288.
Saint Shamuna is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and other Christian denominations. His feast day is celebrated on November 15.
Born
Ganas
Died
beheaded in 305 at Edessa, Syria
Saint Fintan the Missionary
Profile
Missionary to Switzerland and Germany. Noted for the depth of his prayer life. In later life he retired to live as a hermit on an island in the Rhine River.
Born
Ireland
Died
827 of natural causes
Saint Felix of Nola
Profile
Bishop of Nola, Italy. Martyred with 30 other Christians in the 3rd-century persecutions of the prefect Marcianus.
Blessed Assone of Torgau
Also known as
Asso, Hassi, Hasso, Hassus
Profile
Blessed Assone of Torgau, also known as the "Blessed Hermit of Brandenburg," was a Christian hermit who lived in the 15th century. He is believed to have been born in Torgau, Germany, in the late 14th century. Assone was a devout Christian who dedicated his life to prayer, fasting, and good works. He is said to have lived in a cave near Torgau and to have been known for his humility, compassion, and wisdom.
Assone is said to have performed many miracles, including healing the sick, raising the dead, and taming wild animals. He was also a gifted spiritual advisor and is said to have counseled many people who were seeking guidance.
Assone died in the early 15th century and was buried in a small chapel near his cave. His grave became a popular pilgrimage site, and people continued to seek his intercession long after his death.
Blessed Assone is not formally canonized by the Catholic Church, but he is still venerated as a saint by many people in Germany and elsewhere. His feast day is celebrated on November 15.
Died
• c.1250
• buried in the Franciscan church at Torgau, Germany
Saint Eugene of Toledo
Also known as
Eugenius
Profile
Saint Eugenius I of Toledo (died 647) was Archbishop of Toledo from 636 to 646. He was a disciple of Helladius in the monastery of Agali and was known for his astronomical and mathematical knowledge. He is also credited with authoring several theological and historical works.
Saint Eugenius II of Toledo (died 657) was Archbishop of Toledo from 647 until his death. He was a strong advocate for orthodoxy and played a significant role in the Councils of Toledo. He is also known for his liturgical reforms and his promotion of education.
Both Saint Eugenius I and Saint Eugenius II are venerated as saints by the Catholic Church, and their feast day is celebrated on November 15.
Saint Paduinus of Le Mans
Also known as
Pavin of Le Mans
Profile
Saint Paduinus of Le Mans, also known as Saint Pavoin, was a 5th-century Christian hermit who lived in Le Mans, France. He is said to have been a disciple of Saint Hilary of Poitiers and to have been known for his piety, humility, and devotion to prayer.
Paduinus is said to have lived in a cave near Le Mans and to have been known for his ability to heal the sick. He was also a gifted spiritual advisor and is said to have counseled many people who were seeking guidance.
Paduinus died in the mid-5th century and was buried in a small chapel near his cave. His grave became a popular pilgrimage site, and people continued to seek his intercession long after his death.
Saint Paduinus is not formally canonized by the Catholic Church, but he is still venerated as a saint by many people in France and elsewhere. His feast day is celebrated on November 15.
Died
c.703
Saint Machudd of Llanfechel
Also known as
Machell, Mechell
Profile
Saint Machudd, also known as Saint Mechell, was a 7th-century Welsh saint and the founding abbot of the monastery at Llanfechell on the island of Anglesey. He is considered one of the most important figures in the early history of Christianity in Wales.
Life
Machudd is believed to have been born in Anglesey in the late 6th century. He was a devout Christian from a young age and is said to have been ordained a priest by Saint Cadfan, the first Bishop of Bangor. Machudd was known for his piety, humility, and devotion to prayer. He is said to have been a gifted preacher and to have converted many people to Christianity.
In the early 7th century, Machudd founded a monastery at Llanfechel. The monastery quickly grew in size and importance, and Machudd became its first abbot. He is said to have been a wise and compassionate leader, and the monastery attracted many monks and scholars.
Machudd is said to have performed many miracles, including healing the sick, raising the dead, and controlling the weather. He was also a gifted spiritual advisor and is said to have counseled many people who were seeking guidance.
Machudd died in the mid-7th century and was buried at Llanfechel. His grave became a popular pilgrimage site, and people continued to seek his intercession long after his death.
Legacy
Saint Machudd is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and other Christian denominations. His feast day is celebrated on November 15.
Died
7th century
Saint Arnulf of Toul
Profile
Saint Arnulf of Toul, also known as Arnulf of Metz, was a Frankish bishop who lived in the 9th century. He was born into a noble family in Metz, France, and he was educated at the cathedral school there. Arnulf was a devout Christian and a dedicated student, and he quickly rose to prominence in the church.
In 847, Arnulf was elected bishop of Toul, a city in what is now northeastern France. He was a strong and capable leader, and he is credited with revitalizing the diocese of Toul. Arnulf was also a staunch defender of the Church, and he played a significant role in the Council of Toul in 859, which condemned the heresy of Gottschalk of Orbais.
Arnulf died in 871 and was buried in the cathedral of Toul. He is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 15.
Died
871
Saint Luperius of Verona
Profile
Saint Luperius of Verona was the bishop of Verona, Italy, from the late 4th century to the early 5th century. He is considered one of the most important figures in the early history of the diocese of Verona.
Life
Luperius was born into a noble family in Verona in the late 4th century. He was a devout Christian from a young age and is said to have been ordained a priest by Saint Zeno of Verona, the first bishop of Verona. Luperius was known for his piety, humility, and devotion to prayer. He is said to have been a gifted preacher and to have converted many people to Christianity.
In the early 5th century, Luperius was elected bishop of Verona. He was a wise and compassionate leader, and he is credited with revitalizing the diocese of Verona. Luperius is also said to have played a significant role in the Council of Aquileia in 408, which condemned the heresy of Pelagius.
Luperius died in the early 5th century and was buried in the cathedral of Verona. He is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 15.
Martyrs of Hippo
Profile
20 Christians martyred together and celebrated by Saint Augustine. The only details about them to survive are three of the names - Fidenziano, Valerian and Victoria.
Died
Hippo, Numidia (in north Africa)
Martyrs of North Africa
Profile
A group of Christians murdered for their faith in imperial Roman north Africa. The only details that have survived are the names of three of them - Fidentian, Secundus and Varicus.
