Bl. Marie-Anne Vaillot
Feastday: January 2
Beatified: Pope John Paul II
Date of Birth 13 May 1736
Country of Birth France of Europe
Matrimony/Holy Orders Blesseds who were Nuns/Sisters
Profession Clergy lady
Place of Work France
Date of Death 1 February 1794
Place of Death Avrillé, Maine-et-Loire, France
Feast Day February 1, January 2
Beatification Beatified by Pope John Paul II on 19 February 1984
Marie-Anne Vaillot was a laywoman in France, a Daughter of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul nun, and a Martyr during the French Revolution.Marie-Anne Vaillot was born on 13 May 1736 in Fontainebleau, Maine-et-Loire, France. She was married working as a non-ordained female member of the diocese of Angers, France. She was martyred among other Christians in the persecutions of the French Revolution on 1 February 1794
Bl. Odilia Baumgarten
Feastday: January 2
Birth: 1750
Death: 1794
Beatified: Pope John Paul II
Odilia Baumgarten was a Member of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul and a Martyr during the French Revolution
Martinianus (bishop of Milan)
Archbishop of Milan
Relic of Saint Martinianus, Cathedral of Milan
Appointed 423 AD
Term ended 435
Predecessor Marolus
Successor Glycerius
Personal details
Died 29 December 435
Sainthood
Feast day 2 January
Venerated in Eastern Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic Church
Martinianus (or Martinus, Italian: Martiniano) was Archbishop of Milan from 423 to 435. He is honoured as a Saint in the Catholic Church and his feast day is 2 January.
Life
A tradition associates Martinianus with the Roman family of the Hosii. According to the writings of Ennodius, bishop of Pavia in early 6th-century,[1] Martinianus was elected bishop of Milan notwithstanding he had no desire for that position due to his humility and fear.[2] He is mentioned in a letter written in 431 to Rufus of Thessalonica by the moderate Nestorian John of Antioch, who relates to have received from Martinianus the treatise De Incarnationis of Ambrose.[3]
Martinianus founded two churches in Milan, one of them, possibly founded in 417, was dedicated to both Saint Zechariah and Saint Stephen, and it is now known, after several reconstructions, as Basilica of Saint Stephen.[3]
Martinianus died on 29 December 435. His feast day was later postponed to the next 2 January, due to the introduction of the Christmas' octave.[4] Martinianus was buried in the Basilica of Saint Stephen in Milan. In 1988 his body was translated to the Milan Cathedral and buried under the altar of Saint Agatha.
Saint Basil the Great
செசாரியா நகர புனிதர் பாசில்
ஆயர், ஒப்புரவாளர் மற்றும் மறைவல்லுநர்:
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 329 அல்லது 330
செசாரியா, கப்படோசீயா
இறப்பு: ஜனவரி 2, 379
செசாரியா, கப்படோசீயா
ஏற்கும் சபை/ சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
கீழை வைதீக திருச்சபை
ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்
லூதரனியம்
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: ஜனவரி 2
பாதுகாவல்:
ரஷியா, கப்படோசீயா, துருக்கி, துறவிகள், மருத்துவமனை நிர்வாகிகள், கல்வி, பேயோட்டுதல், திருவழிபாட்டாளர்கள்
“செசாரியா நகர பாசில்” (Basil of Caesarea) அல்லது “புனித பெரிய பாசில்” (Saint Basil the Great), தற்கால துருக்கியில் (modern-day Turkey) “ஆசியா மைனரிலுள்ள” (Asia Minor) “கப்படோசீயா” (Cappadocia) “செசாரியா” (Caesarea) நகரின் கிரேக்க கிறிஸ்தவ ஆயராவார். இவர் தம் சமகால கிறிஸ்தவ இறையிலில் செல்வாக்கு மிக்கவராக விளங்கினார். “நைசின்” (Nicene Creed) விசுவாச அறிக்கையினை ஆதரித்து “ஆரியன்” (Arianism) இன கொள்கைகளை எதிர்த்தார். “அப்பொலொனாரிசு” (Apollinaris of Laodicea) திரிபுக்கொள்கையினை இவர் பின்பற்றினார். இவர் தனது அரசியல் மற்றும் இறையியல் நம்பிக்கைகளை சமநிலையில் வைக்கும் திறன்மிக்கவராய் இருந்ததால் இவர் நைசின் விசுவாச அறிக்கையின் குறிக்கத்தக்க ஆதரவாளரானார்.
இறையியல் மட்டும் அல்லாது, ஏழை எளியோருக்கு உதவுவதிலும் இவர் புகழ்பெற்றார். இவர் துறவு மடங்களுக்கு அளித்த வழிகாட்டுதல்கள் துறவியரின் கூட்டு வாழ்க்கை, வழிபாட்டு, மன்றாட்டு மற்றும் உடல் உழைப்புக்கு முக்கியத்துவம் அளித்தது. ஆதலால் இவர் கிழக்கத்திய கிறிஸ்தவ துறவறத்தின் முன்னோடியாகக் கருதப்படுகின்றார்.
கிழக்கு மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய கிறிஸ்தவம் இவரைப் புனிதர் என ஏற்கின்றன. பாசில், “நசியான்சஸ் கிரகோரி” (Gregory of Nazianzus) மற்றும் “நிஸ்ஸா கிரகோரி” (Gregory of Nyssa) ஆகியோர் கூட்டாக “கப்போடோசிய தந்தையர்கள்” (Cappadocian Fathers) என அழைக்கப்படுகின்றனர். கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை மற்றும் கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைகள் நசியான்சஸ் கிரகோரி, “ஜான் கிறிசோஸ்தோம்” (John Chrysostom) ஆகியோருடன் சேர்த்து இவரையும் “மூன்று புனித தலைவர்கள்” (Great Hierarch) என்னும் அடைமொழியிட்டு அழைக்கின்றது.
சில வேளைகளில், “பரலோக இரகசியங்களை வெளிப்படுத்துபவர்” (Revealer of Heavenly Mysteries) எனப் பொருள்படும் அடைமொழியிட்டு இவரை அழைக்கப்படுகின்றார்.
கி.பி. சுமார் 330ம் ஆண்டு, துருக்கியின் (Turkey) பிராந்தியமான “கப்படோசியா” (Cappadocia) நகரில் செல்வந்தர்களின் குடும்பமொன்றில் பிறந்த பாசிலின் தந்தை, “மூத்த பாசில்” (Basil the Elder) என்று அறியப்படுகிறார். “எம்மெலியா” (Emmelia of Caesarea) இவரது தாயார் ஆவார். இவரது பெற்றோர் மிகவும் பக்தியானவர்கள் ஆவர். இவரது தாய்வழி தாத்தா, ரோமப்பேரரசர் முதலாம் “கான்ஸ்டன்டைன்” (Constantine I) காலத்துக்கு முன்னே கிறிஸ்தவ மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டவர் ஆவார். பாசில் மற்றும் அவரது சகோதர சகோதரியர் நால்வரையும் இவர்களது தாய்வழி பாட்டி “மேக்ரினா” (Macrina) வளர்த்தார்.
பாசில் கப்படோசியாவின் “செசேரா மஸாகா” (Caesarea Mazaca) நகரில் கல்வி கற்றார். இவர் கல்வி கற்கும் காலத்திலேயே, “நசியான்சாஸ் நகர புனிதர் கிரகொரியை” (Gregory of Nazianzus) சந்தித்தார். இவர்களிருவரும் வாழ்நாள் நண்பர்களாயினர். மேல்படிப்புக்காக “கான்ஸ்டண்டினோபில்” (Constantinople) சென்ற நண்பர்களிருவரும், “ஏதேன்ஸ்” (Athens) நகரில் ஆறு வருடங்கள் தங்கியிருந்து கல்வி கற்றனர்.
கி.பி. 356ம் ஆண்டு ஏதேன்ஸ் நகரை விட்டு கிளம்பிய பாசில், சிரியா (Syria) மற்றும் எகிப்து (Egypt) நாடுகளில் பயணித்தார். பின்னர் செசேரா திரும்பிய இவர், வழக்குரைஞராக பணியாற்றியபடி சொல்லாட்சி மற்றும் அணியிலக்கணம் கற்பித்தார். ஆயரும் துறவியுமான “யூஸ்டாதியஸ் செபாஸ்ட்” (Eustathius of Sebaste) என்பவரை சந்தித்தபின் பாசில் வாழ்க்கை தீவிரமாக மாறியது. சட்டம் மற்றும் கற்பிக்கும் பணியை விட்ட பாசில், ஆன்மீக வாழ்க்கையில் நுழைந்தார். பாலஸ்தீனம் (Palestine), எகிப்து (Egypt), சிரியா (Syria) மற்றும் “மெசபடோமியா” (Mesopotamia) ஆகிய நாடுகளில் பயணித்து துறவறம் கற்றார்.
கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் மறைவல்லுநர் எனக் கருதப்படும் இவர், தமது இறுதி காலத்தில் கல்லீரல் நோயினால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்தார். கி.பி. 379ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம் முதல் அல்லது இரண்டாம் நாள் இவர் மரித்தார்.
Also known as
• Basil of Caesarea
• Father of Eastern Monasticism
Memorials
• 2 January (Roman Catholic; Anglican Church; Lutheran Church)
• 15 January (Coptic Orthodox Church; Ethiopian Orthodox)
• 30 January (Eastern Orthodox; Byzantine Rite as part of the Synaxis of the Three Holy Hierarchs
• 14 June (Episcopal Church; Roman Catholic prior to 1969)
Profile
Born to the nobility, his was a pious family - his mother, father, and four of his nine siblings were canonized, including Saint Gregory of Nyssa. Grandson of Saint Macrina the Elder. As a youth Basil was noted for organizing famine relief, and for working in the kitchens himself, quite unusual for a young noble.
He studied in Constantinople and Athens with his friend Saint Gregory Nazianus. Ran a school of oratory and law in Caesarea. Basil was so successful, so sought after as a speaker, that he was tempted by pride. Fearful that it would overtake his piety, he sold all that he had, gave away the money, and became a priest and monk.
Founded monasteries and drew up rules for monks living in the desert; he is considered as key to the founding of eastern monasticism as Saint Benedict of Nursia was to the west. Bishop and Archbishop of Caesarea. Conducted Mass and preached to the crowds twice each day. Fought Arianism. Greek Doctor of the Church. Father of the Church.
Born
329 at Caesarea, Asia Minor (modern Turkey)
Died
1 January 379 at Caesarea, Asia Minor (modern Turkey) of natural causes
Patronage
• Cappadocia
• hospital administrators
• monks
• reformers
• Russia
Representation
• carrying a scroll or book, referring to his influential writings
• supernatural fire, often with a dove nearby
Saint Gregory of Nazianzen
புனிதர் நசியான் கிரகோரி
நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டின் கான்ஸ்டான்டினோபில் பேராயர்
இறையியலாளர்
திருச்சபையின் மறை வல்லுநர்
முப்பெரும் அருட்பணியாளர்களில் ஒருவர்
கப்படோசியன் தந்தை
பல்வேறு கிறிஸ்தவ திருச்சபைகளின் பிரதிநிதித்துவ ஆசிரியர்
பிறப்பு: கி.பி 329
அரியான்ஸும், கப்படோசீயா
இறப்பு: ஜனவரி 25, 389 / 390
அரியான்சும், கப்படோசீயா
ஏற்கும் சபை/ சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
ஓரியண்ட்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்
லூதரனியம்
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: ஜனவரி 2
முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:
புனித ஜார்ஜ் பேராலயம், ஃபனார்
புனிதர் கிரகோரி நஸியான்ஸஸ், நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்த “கான்ஸ்டான்டினோபிள்” பேராயர் (Archbishop of Constantinople) ஆவார்.
தென்மேற்கு கப்படோசியாவின் தனவந்தர்களாகிய "கிரகோரி மற்றும் நொன்னா" (Gregory and Nonna) ஆகிய கிரேக்க பெற்றோருக்கு இவர் பிறந்தார். "ஹிப்ஸிஸ்டரியன்" (Hypsistarian) மதத்தைச் சேர்ந்த இவருடைய தந்தை கிரகோரியை இவரது தாயார் நொன்னா கி.பி. 325 ம் ஆண்டு, மனம் மாற்றி கிறிஸ்தவ மதத்தில் இணைய வைத்தார். பிற்காலத்தில் (கி.பி. 328 ம் ஆண்டு) கிரகோரி நஸியான்ஸஸ் (Nazianzus) நகர ஆயராக அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார். இளம் கிரகொரியும் இவரது சகோதரர் “சேசரியசும்” (Caesarius) தமது ஆரம்பக் கல்வியை தமது சொந்த ஊரிலேயே கற்றனர். கிரகோரி சொல்லாட்சியியல் மற்றும் தத்துவயியலில் தமது மேல் படிப்பைத் தொடர நஸியான்ஸுஸ், செசரியா, அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா மற்றும் ஏதென்ஸ் (Nazianzus, Caesarea, Alexandria and Athens) ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் சென்றார். ஏதென்ஸ் செல்லும் வழியில் இவர் பயணித்த கப்பல் கடுமையான சூறாவளியில் சிக்கியது. அச்சத்தினால் நடுங்கிப்போன கிரகோரி, சூறாவளியிலிருந்து தம்மையும் கப்பலையும் இரட்சிக்கும்படி கிறிஸ்து இயேசுவை வேண்டி செபித்தார். தாம் இரட்சிக்கப்பட்டால் தமது வாழ்நாள் முழுதும் கிறிஸ்துவின் சேவையில் அர்ப்பணிப்பதாக மன்றாடினார்.
சூறாவளியிலிருந்து இரட்சிக்கப்பட்ட கிரகோரி, ஏதென்சில் தமது உயர் கல்வியை தொடர்ந்தார். அங்கே தமது சக மாணவரான "செசரியாவின் பாசிலுடன் (Basil of Caesarea) நெருக்கமான நண்பரானார். "ஃப்லாவியஸ் கிளாடியஸ் ஜூலியானஸ்" (Flavius Claudius Julianus) என்பவருடனான அறிமுகமும் நட்பும் கிடைத்தது. இந்த "ஃப்லாவியஸ் கிளாடியஸ் ஜூலியானஸ்"தான் பிற்காலத்தில் "அபோஸ்டேட் ஜூலியன்" (Julian the Apostate) என்ற பேரரசன் ஆவார். தமது உயர்கல்வியை முடித்த கிரகோரி, சிறிது காலம் அங்கேயே ஆசிரியராகப் பணியாற்றினார்.
நாடு திரும்பிய கிரகோரி, சிறிது காலம் தமது மாணவ நண்பரான பாசிலுடன் இணைந்து துறவு வாழ்வைத் தொடங்கினார். உயர் கல்வியின்போது ஏதென்சில் அறிமுகமான இவரது பால்ய சிநேகிதன் பேரரசன் ஜூலியன் (Emperor Julian) கிறிஸ்தவத்திற்கு எதிராக நடவடிக்கைகள் எடுத்தான். அதனால் அவனுக்கெதிரான போராட்டங்களும் துன்புறுத்தல்களுமாக காலம் ஓடியது. பொறுமை அன்பு எனும் ஆயுதங்கள் கொண்டு ஜூலியன் போன்றவர்களையும் கிறிஸ்தவம் ஜெயிக்கும் என்று சூளுரைத்தார். ஆனால், ஜூலியனின் மரணம் கிறிஸ்தவர்களுக்கெதிரான துன்புறுத்தல்கள் மற்றும் அச்சுறுத்தல்களுக்கு முடிவு கட்டியது. ஜூலியனுக்கு பின்வந்த பேரரசன் "ஜோவியன்" (Jovian) கிறிஸ்தவ மறையை தழுவியதால் கிறிஸ்தவர்களுக்கெதிரான பிரச்சினைகள் தீர்ந்தன.
அதன்பின் வந்த சில வருடங்களை "ஆரியணிசத்துக்கு" (Arianism) எதிராக போரிடுவதில் கிரகோரி கழித்தார். கி.பி. 372 ம் ஆண்டு, கிரகோரி "சசிமா" நகர ஆயராக (Bishop of Sasima) பாசிலால் அருட்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்டார். கி.பி. 372 ம் ஆண்டு இறுதியில் மரணப்படுக்கையில் இருந்த தமது தந்தையின் மறை மாவட்ட நிர்வாகத்தில் உதவி செய்வதற்காக கிரகோரி நஸியான்ஸுஸ் திரும்பினார். கி.பி. 374 ம் ஆண்டு, தமது தாய் தந்தை இருவரையும் மரணத்தில் இழந்த கிரகோரி, தொடர்ந்து நஸியான்ஸுஸ் மறை மாவட்ட நிர்வாகப் பணிகளில் கவனம் செலுத்தினார். ஆனால், தம்மை ஆயர் என்று சொல்லிக்கொள்ள மறுத்தார். தமது பெற்றோரின் வழி வந்த செல்வம் அனைத்தையும் ஏழைகளுக்கும் வேண்டியவர்களுக்கும் அள்ளி கொடுத்தா. கிரகோரி மிகவும் கடினமானதொரு வாழ்க்கை வாழ்ந்தார்.
கி.பி. 375 ம் ஆண்டு இறுதியில் "செலுகியாவிலுள்ள" (Seleukia) துறவு மடத்தில் போய் சேர்ந்தார். அங்கேயே மூன்று வருடங்கள் ஓடின. இதற்கிடையே அவரது ஆருயிர் தோழர் பாசில் மரணமடைந்தார்.
கிரகோரி திருச்சபைத் தந்தையர்களுள் மிகவும் குறிக்கத்தக்க இடத்தைப் பெறுகின்றார். நன்கு கற்றறிந்த மெய்யியலாளரான இவர், ஹெலனிசக் கொள்கைகளை துவக்கத் திருச்சபையில் கொண்டு வரக் காரணியானவர். பைசாந்தியப் பேரரசில் இறையியலாளர்களின் முன்னோடியாக இவர் கருதப்படுகின்றார்.
கிரேக்க மற்றும் இலத்தீன் இறையியலாளர்களிடையே இவரது திரித்துவம் குறித்த இறையியல் கொள்கைகள் அதிக தாக்கத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியதால் இவர் திரித்துவ இறையியலாளர் எனவும் அறியப்படுகின்றார்.
இவர், கப்போடோசிய தந்தையர்களுள் ஒருவராவார்.
கிழக்கத்திய மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய கிறிஸ்தவத்தில் இவர் புனிதர் என ஏற்கப்படுகின்றார்.
கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையில் இவர் மறைவல்லுநர்களுள் ஒருவராவார். கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை மற்றும் கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைகள் இவரை புனித யோவான் கிறிசோஸ்தோம் மற்றும் புனித பெரிய பசீலோடு சேர்த்து முப்பெரும் புனித தலைவர்கள் (Three Holy Hierarchs) எனப் போற்றுகின்றது.
Also known as
• Gregory of Nazianzus
• Grégoire de Nazianze
• The Christian Demosthenes
• The Theologian
Memorials
• 2 January (Roman Catholic; Anglican)
• 25 January (optional memorial of his death; Orthodox; Armenian; Coptic; Syrian Orthodox)
• 3 January (Granada, Zaragoza and Jaca, Spain)
• 11 June (translation of relics to Rome, Italy)
• 30 January (translation of relics)
Profile
Son of Saint Gregory of Nazianzen the Elder and Saint Nonna. Brother of Saint Caesar Nazianzen, and Saint Gorgonius. Spent an wandering youth in search of learning. Friend of and fellow student with Saint Basil the Great. Monk at Basil's desert monastery.
Reluctant priest; he believed that he was unworthy, and that the responsibility would test his faith. He assisted his bishop father to prevent an Arian schism in the diocese. He opposed Arianism, and brought its heretical followers back to the fold. Bishop of Caesarea c.370, which put him in conflict with the Arian emperor Valens. The disputes led his friend Basil the Great, then archbishop, to reassign him to a small, out of the way posting at the edge of the archbishopric.
Bishop of Constantinople from 381 to 390, following the death of Valens. He hated the city, despised the violence and slander involved in these disputes, and feared being drawn into politics and corruption, but he worked to bring the Arians back to the faith; for his trouble he was slandered, insulted, beaten up, and a rival "bishop" tried to take over his diocese. Noted preacher on the Trinity. When it seemed that orthodox Christianity had been restored in the city, Gregory retired to live the rest of his days as a hermit. He wrote theological discourses and poetry, some of it religious, some of it autobiographical. Father of the Church. Doctor of the Church.
Born
330 at Arianzus, Cappadocia, Asia Minor
Died
25 January 390 of natural causes
Patronage
• for harvests
• poets
Representation
• bishop with a book, codex or scroll
• censer
• man writing with dove nearby
• man writing with the hand of God over him
Saint Macarius the Younger
அலெக்ஸாண்ட்ரியா நகர புனிதர் மாகாரியஸ்
துறவி, சந்நியாசி:
பிறப்பு: கி.பி 300
எகிப்து (Egypt)
இறந்தது: கி.பி 395
எகிப்து (Egypt)
ஏற்கும் சமயம்/ சபைகள்:
கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபைகள்
ஓரியண்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபைகள்
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஜனவரி 2
அலெக்ஸாண்ட்ரியாவின் புனிதர் மக்காரியஸ், நைட்ரியன் பாலைவனத்தில் (Nitrian Desert) வாழ்ந்திருந்த ஒரு துறவி ஆவார். அவரது சமகாலத்தில் வாழ்ந்திருந்த, எகிப்தின் புனிதர் மக்காரியஸ் (Macarius of Egypt) என்பவரைவிட சற்றே இளையவராக இருந்த காரணத்தால், இவர் இளைய மக்காரியஸ் (Macarius the Younger) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்.
அலெக்ஸாண்ட்ரியாவில், கி.பி. சுமார் 300ம் ஆண்டில் பிறந்த மக்காரியஸ், தமது நாற்பது வயதுவரை, எகிப்தின் அலெக்ஸாண்ட்ரியாவில் (Alexandria, Egypt) ஒரு வெற்றிகரமான வணிகராக இருந்தார். கத்தோலிக்க விசுவாசத்திற்கு மனம் மாறிய இவர், திருமுழுக்கு பெற்று, கி.பி. சுமார் 335ம் ஆண்டில், மேல் எகிப்தின் தெபாய்டில் (Thebaid, Upper Egypt) ஒரு துறவியாக ஆனார். மேலும் தனது வாழ்நாளின் எஞ்சிய ஆண்டுகளை தவத்திலும், சிந்தனையிலும் ஒரு துறவியாகக் கழித்தார். தம்முடைய பெரும் எளிமையான நடவடிக்கைகளுக்காகவும், நிகழ்த்திய பல அற்புதங்களுக்காகவும் அறியப்பட்டார்.
ஜெருசலேமின் "ஆரிய இன குலபதியான" (Arian Patriarch of Jerusalem) லூசியஸ் (Lucius) என்பவனுடைய கிறிஸ்தவ துன்புறுத்தலின்போது, நைல் நதிக்கரையில் உள்ள ஒரு தீவுக்கு (An Island in the Nile) வெளியேற்றப்பட்ட மக்காரியஸ், பின்னர் திரும்பி வர அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டார். மாகாரியஸ் தனது பெயரில் நைட்ரியா (Nitria) என்னுமிடத்தில், தமது பெயரிலுள்ள ஒரு துறவு மடத்துக்கு ஒரு ஒழுங்கு விதியை எழுதினார். இந்த ஒழுங்கு விதியை, பின்னர் புனித ஜெரோம் (St. Jerome) தனது துறவு வாழ்க்கைக்கு பயன்படுத்தினார்.
அந்த நேரத்தில், பல துறவிகள் பாலைவன தனிமையை கைவிட்டு, நகரங்களில் ஆத்மாக்களுக்காக உழைக்க தங்களை அர்ப்பணிக்க விரும்பினர். புனித மக்காரியஸ் அவர்களுக்காக பின்வரும் கதையை எழுதினார்:
ஒரு சிறிய ஊரில், ஒரு முடிதிருத்தும் தொழிலாளி இருந்தார். அவர் ஒவ்வொரு முடி திருத்தும் பணிக்கும், மூன்று நாணயங்களை வசூலித்தார். இவ்வகையாக, ஒவ்வொரு நாளின் வேலையின் முடிவில், அவர் தனது அன்றாட தேவைகளை பூர்த்தி செய்ய போதுமான பணம் சம்பாதித்திருந்தார். மேலும் எதிர்காலத்திற்காக ஒரு சிறிய தொகையையும் மிச்சப்படுத்தினார். எவ்வாறாயினும், அருகிலுள்ள ஒரு பெரிய நகரத்தில் முடி நிறுத்துவதற்கான கூலி மிக அதிகமாக இருப்பதாக அவர் கேள்விப்பட்டார். சில ஆலோசனைகளின் பிறகு, தனது வாடிக்கையாளர்களைக் கைவிட்டு அந்த நகரத்திற்குச் சென்று, குறைந்த வேலைக்கு அதிக லாபம் ஈட்டுவது ஒரு பெரிய நன்மை என்று அவர் முடிவு செய்தார்.
எனவே, அவர் தன்னிடம் இருந்ததை விற்றுவிட்டு, அருகிலுள்ள நகரத்தில் தன்னை நிலைநிறுத்திக் கொண்டார். உண்மையில், முதல் நாளின் முடிவில், அவர் ஒரு பெரிய தொகையைப் சம்பாதித்திருந்தார். மாலை வேளையில், தனக்குத் தேவையானதை வாங்குவதற்காக சந்தைக்குச் சென்றார், ஆனால் அங்கே பொருட்களின் விலை மிகவும் உயர்ந்தவை என்பதை உணர்ந்தார். பொருட்களை வாங்கிய பின்னர், அவரது சட்டைப் பையில் பணம் இல்லை. இதன் மூலம், அவர் தனது தவறை உணர்ந்து, தனது வேலையைத் தொடரவும், தனது முதுமையை காப்பாற்றவும் தனது சொந்த ஊருக்கே திரும்பினார்.
புனித மக்காரியஸ் இவ்வாறு தனது கதையை முடித்தார். துறவிகள் தனிமையில் பெறப்பட்ட சிறிய பலன்களில் திருப்தி அடைய வேண்டும் என்றும், நகரத்தில் பல ஆத்மாக்களைக் காப்பாற்ற முயற்சிப்பதை விட, பாலைவனத்தில் தங்கள் சுய பரிசுத்தமாக்கும் பாதையில் இருப்பது நல்லது என்றும், ஏனென்றால் அதன் தொடர்ச்சியான திசைதிருப்பல்கள் மற்றும் சிதறல்களால் அவர்கள் நினைவுகூரும் உணர்வை இழக்க நேரிடும் என்றார்.
வணக்கத்துக்குரிய புனிதர் பெரிய பச்சோமியோஸ் (Venerable St. Pachomios the Great) என்பவருடைய தலைமையிலுள்ள "தபெனீசியட்" மடாலயத்தில் (Tabbenesiot Monastery) அனுசரிக்கப்படும் துறவற வாழ்க்கைக்கான மிகக் கடுமையான விதிமுறையைப் பற்றி அறிந்து கொண்ட மக்காரியஸ், மதச்சார்பற்ற உடையில் மாறுவேடமிட்டு, முழு 40 நாள் தவக்காலத்திலும் ரொட்டியோ, அல்லது வேறு உணவுகளோ சாப்பிடவில்லை. தண்ணீர் குடிக்கவில்லை. அவர் சாப்பிடுவதையோ உட்கார்ந்திருப்பதையோ யாரும் பார்த்ததில்லை. அவர் நின்று கொண்டிருந்தபோது பனை ஓலைகளைக் கொண்டு கூடைகளை உருவாக்கிக்கொண்டிருந்தார். அங்கிருந்த துறவிகள் புனித பச்சோமியஸை நோக்கி: "இந்த மனிதனை இங்கிருந்து வெளியேற்றுங்கள், ஏனென்றால் அவர் மனிதரே அல்ல" என்றனர். பின்னர், ஒரு தெய்வீக உத்வேகம் மக்காரியஸின் அடையாளத்தை அவர்களுக்கு வெளிப்படுத்தியது. துறவிகள் அவருடைய ஆசீர்வாதங்களைப் பெற விரைந்தனர். மனத்தாழ்ச்சியை வெளிப்படுத்தி அனைவருக்கும் பாடம் கற்பித்த புனித மக்காரியஸ் தனது சொந்த மடத்துக்கு திரும்பினார்.
73 வயதான மக்காரியஸையும், எகிப்தின் மக்காரியஸையும், பேரரசர் வலென்ஸ் (Emperor Valens) ஒரு தீவுக்கு நாடுகடத்தினார். பின்னர் அவர்கள் அந்த தீவையே கிறிஸ்தவமயமாக்கினர்.
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி பாரம்பரியத்தின்படி, அலெக்ஸாண்ட்ரியாவின் மக்காரியஸ் கி.பி. 395ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், 2ம் நாளன்று, மரித்தார்.
Also known as
• Macarius of Alexandria
• Macarius the Alexandrian
Memorials
• 2 January (Roman Catholic)
• 19 January (Orthodox; Armenian)
• 1 May (Coptic calendar)
• 13 July (Syrian Orthodox)
Profile
Successful merchant in fruits, candies, and pastries in Alexandria, Egypt. Converting to Christianity, Macarius gave up his business in 335 to become a monk and hermit in the Thebaid, Upper Egypt. For a while he lived near and was a friend of Saint Anthony the Abbot. Macarius was a poet, healer, and friend to wild animals. He was exiled by heretic Arians with Saint Macarius the Elder and other monks to an island in the Nile because of his orthodoxy, but he was later allowed to return. In later life he travelled to Lower Egypt, and was ordained, and lived in a desert cell with other monks. He wrote a constitution for the monastery at Nitria named after him, and some of its rules were adopted by Saint Jerome for his monastery.
Amazing stories grew up his practice of severe austerities, some of which reached the proportion of legend.
For seven years he lived on raw vegetables dipped in water with a few crumbs of bread, moistened with drops of oil on feast days.
He once spent 20 days and 20 nights without sleep, burnt by the sun in the day, frozen by bitter desert cold cold at night. "My mind dried up because of lack of sleep, and I had a kind of delirium," the hermit admitted. "So I gave in to nature and returned to my cell."
Trying to get further from the world, and closer to God, Macarius moved to the desert of Nitria in Lower Egypt in 373. The journey was through a harsh land, at when Macarius was at the end of his strength, the devil appeared and asked, "Why not ask God for the food and strength to continue your journey?" Macarius answered, "The Lord is my strength and glory. Do not tempt a servant of God." The devil then gave him a vision of a camel laden with food. Macarius was about to eat, but suspected a trap, and so prayed over the camel; it vanished.
He spent six months naked in the marshes, beset constantly by viscious blood-sucking flies and mosquitoes, in the hope of destroying his last bit of sexual desire. The terrible conditions and attacking insects left him so deformed that when he returned to the monks, they could recognize him only by his voice.
A young brother once offered Macarius some very fine grapes. The old fruit dealer was about to eat when he decided to sent them to a brother who was ill. This brother passed them to one he considered more in need; that one did the same, and on and on until the grapes made the rounds of all the cells and returned to Macarius.
Macarius returned to Skete and began to work on his worst vice - his love of travel. The devil appeared and suggested Macarius go to Rome and chase out the demons there. Torn between travelling for such a good cause, but wishing to fight his vice, Macarius filled a large basket with sand, put it on his back, and set out. When someone offered to help him, he said, "Leave me alone! I am punishing my tormenter. He wishes to lead me, old and weak as I am, on a distant and vain voyage." He then returned to his cell, body broken with fatigue, but cured of his temptation.
In old age Macarius journeyed to a monastery where 1,400 hermits lived under the rigid rule of Saint Pachomius. Macarius was refused admittance. "You are too old to survive the great rigor we have here," Pachomius told him. "One should be trained in it from childhood, or else one cannot stand it. Your health would fail and you would curse us for harming you." Macarius then stood at the abbey gate for seven days and nights - without sleep, without food, without saying a word. Finally, the monks relented and he let him in. Macarius stood in a corner of the monastery in complete silence for all of Lent, living on a few cabbage leaves each Sunday "more to avoid ostentation, than from any real need." The monks became so jealous of this new brother that they took their complaint to Pachomius, who asked God for illumination. When he learned that the old man was Macarius, he went to him and said, "My brother, I thank you for the lesson you have given my sons. It will prevent their boasting about their modest mortifications. You have edified us sufficiently. Return to your own monastery, and pray for us each day."
Born
early 4th century at Alexandria, Egypt
Died
c.401 in Alexandria, Egypt of natural causes
Patronage
• confectioners
• cooks
• pastry chefs
Representation
• flies
• flies stinging a desert hermit
• hermit with lamp
• hermit with lantern
• hermit leaning on a crutch in the form of a tau staff while conversing with a skull
• monk with a bag of sand on the shoulders
• monk with a lantern
• monk with grapes
• monk with wild animals around him
Saint Gaspare Bufalo
Also known as
• Apostle of Rome
• Caspar Bufalo
• Caspar del Bufalo
• Gaspare del Bufalo
• Hammer of Italian Freemasonry
• Kasper del Bufalo
• Martello dei Carbonari
Profile
Son of Antonio del Bufalo, a chef to Prince Altieri, and Annunziata Quartieroni. As an infant he suffered from an eye condition that threatened to blind him; he was cured in 1788 following prayers for the intervention of Saint Francis Xavier. Studied at the Collegium Romanum from age twelve, and considered becoming a Jesuit. President of the newly instituted catechetical school of Santa Maria del Pianto at age 19. Ordained on 31 July 1808. On 23 October 1808 he, with his friends Father Bonanni, Father Santelli and Father Gonnelli, founded the nocturnal Oratory of Saint Mary in Vinci, Italy. On 8 December 1808 he helped Father Albertini found the Confraternity of the Precious Blood in San Nicola Arcella, Italy.
Following Rome's fall to the French in 1809, the Papal States were suppressed on 17 May, Pope Pius VII was deported on 6 July, and priests were ordered to take an oath of loyalty to Napoleon. Gaspare refused, and on 13 June 1810 was exiled for five years with many other priests first to Piacenza, Italy, and then Bologna, Italy. On 13 September 1811 he refused a second time to take the oath; he was lodged in San Giovanni prison, then the prison of Imola, Italy and then the fortress in Imola. A third refusal led to his transfer to the fortress in Lugo, Italy on 16 May 1813. Following a fourth refusal, on 10 December 1813, he was sentenced to exile in Corsica. While waiting for transport in Florence, Italy he received an invitation to join the Evangelical Workers, a group of priests who preach home missions. Though it was questionable at the time that he could help them, Gaspare enthusiastically joined. Less than a month later, Murat restored liberty to all priests who had been arrested or exiled for refusing to take the oath. In February 1814, Gaspare returned to Rome, Italy after four years of captivity, and in December he began preaching missions.
In July of 1815, Gaspare renounced his position as canon of Saint Mark's in order to concentrate on missions. He helped formally start the Missioners of the Precious Blood (C.P.P.S.) in 1815 at Giano dell'Umbria, Italy, a congregation devoted to preaching and to bring the sacraments back to war-torn Italy; it was under the patronage of Francis Xavier. Many houses were established in the next few years, and on 27 December 1817 Gaspare was elected First Promotor and Missionary of the Missioners. Many opposed his good work, and spoke against him to Pope Leo XII and Pope Pius VIII, but after they spoke to him personally, both approved of his work.
In 1821 Pope Pius VII assigned Gaspare to clean up provinces overrun with highway bandits, and to open six mission houses in the area; Gaspare spent the next five years in the pulpit, call for reform. In February 1826 he was chosen papal nuncio to Brazil. Gaspare begged to be released from the assignment so he could continue to preach, but was forced to spend eight months in the position. He then returned to his Congregation's motherhouse of San Felice in October 1826, and resumed preaching and tending to the Missionaries's houses for his last ten years.
Born
6 January 1786 at Rome, Italy
Died
• 28 December 1837 of cholera
• buried at Santa Maria in Trivio, Italy
Canonized
12 June 1954 by Pope Pius XII
Blessed Maria Anna Blondin
Also known as
• Esther Blondin
• Sister Marie-Anne
• Marie-Anne Blondin
Additional Memorial
18 April (Canada)
Profile
Born to a pious, French-Canadian farm family, the daughter of Jean Baptiste Blondin and Marie Rose Limoges. Illiterate into adulthood, as were the other members of her family and most of her acquaintances. Domestic servant for a village merchant, and then in the convent of the Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame, where she learned to read and write. Entered as a novice in the Sisters, but ill health forced her to leave.
Parochial school teacher at Vaudreuil, Quebec in 1833; she was later named directress of the school, which was renamed the Blondin Academy. There she realized the reason for the widespread illiteracy in the area: girls could only be taught by women, boys only by men; parishes that could not afford two schools simply had none. In 1848 she sought permission to form a congregation that would teach boys and girls in the same school. It was a radical notion in its day, but had government support, and the bishop authorized a test site. The Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Anne was founded in Vaudreuil on 8 September 1850 with Esther as first superior, taking the name in religion of Marie-Anne.
The community grew, and the motherhouse transferred to Saint Jacques de l'Achigan in 1853. There the new chaplain, Father Louis Adolphe Marechal, abused his position, meddled in the financial and spiritual life of the Congregation, and generally sabotaged the work of Mother Marie Anne. Marechel succeeded in having her removed from her position in the Congregation.
Directress at Saint Genevieve Convent, but she continued to be harassed by Marechal. Accused of mismanagement, she was recalled to the Motherhouse in 1858, and was prohibited for her remaining 32 years from an administrative position; the sisters were ordered not to refer to her as "Mother". Realizing that any fight she could make would only damage the Congregation, she accepted her lot, and worked in the laundry, the ironing room, and other menial positions. Elected several times as superior of the Congregation, she was forbidden to accept, and never tried. Her humility and resignation paid off as the Congregation continued to grow, and universal education became the norm.
Born
18 April 1809 in Terrebonne, Quebec, Canada as Esther Blondin
Died
2 January 1890 at Lachine, Quebec, Canada of natural causes
Beatified
29 April 2001 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Seraphim of Sarov
புனித_செராபிம் (1754-1833)
ஜனவரி 02
இவர் (#StSeraphimOfSarov) இரஷ்யாவில் உள்ள குர்ஸ்க் (Kursk) என்ற இடத்தில் இருந்த ஒரு நடுத்தரக் குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தவர்.
இவருக்குச் சிறுவயது முதலே இறைவன்மீது மிகுந்த பற்றும் ஆர்வமும் இருந்தன. இதனால் இவர் 1777 ஆம் ஆண்டு சாரோவ் நகரிலிருந்த குருமடத்தில் சேர்ந்து, 1793 ஆம் ஆண்டு குருவாக அருள்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்டார்.
குருவாக அருள்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்ட பிறகு இவர் தனிமையான ஓர் இடத்திற்குச் சென்று, அங்கு ஒரு குடிசை அமைத்து இறைவேண்டலிலும் நோன்பிலும் தன்னுடைய வாழ்நாளைச் செலவழித்து வந்தார்.
ஏறக்குறைய 25 ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு இவர் மக்கள் நடுவில் வந்து போதித்தபோது, இவருடைய போதனையைக் கேட்ட பலர் இவரைப் பின்தொடர்ந்தார்கள். அவர்களுக்கு இவர் நல்லதோர் ஆலோசகராக விளங்கினார்.
இப்படி மக்களுக்கு நல்லதொரு போதகராகவும், தன்னுடைய எடுத்துக்காட்டான வாழ்வால் அவர்களுக்கு முன்மாதிரியாகவும் விளங்கிய இவர் 1833 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார். இவருக்கு 1913 ஆம் ஆண்டு புனிதர் பட்டம் கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.
Also known as
Prokhor Moshnin
Additional Memorial
19 July (translation of relics)
Profile
Son of a builder, he had a middle-class upbringing. Monk at Sarov in 1777, taking the name Seraphim. Studious as a boy, he was able to apply himself there as the monks of Sarov spent much of the day studying Scripture and the early Church writings. Severely ill and bed-ridden from 1780 to 1783, Seraphim continued his studies, and received repeated apparitions of the Virgin Mary. Ordained in 1793, he celebrated Mass daily, which was unusual at the time.
In 1794 he became a hermit in the forest near the Sarov monastery. In 1804 he was severely beaten by thieves, and left for dead; he dragged himself to the monastery, spent five months in recovery, and spent the rest of his life stooped and requiring a cane to walk. He lived for a while atop a pillar, then in a walled up cell. Offered the abbacy of Sarov in 1807, but declined, and lived the next three years without speaking.
In 1810 his health had deteriorated to the point that he could no longer live in the woods. He returned to the Sarov abbey, and lived as a hermit within its walls. In 1832 he received a vision from the Virgin Mary that told him to return to the world and give others the benefit of his wisdom. He attracted followers and students, became known as a healer, and was called by the honourific starets, Russian for spiritual teacher. Many of his teachings have been reprinted in the West, and Pope John Paul II referred to him in the book Threshold of Hope.
Born
1759 at Kursk, Russia as Prokhor Moshnin
Died
2 January 1833 at the monsatery at Sarov, Russia of natural causes
Canonized
1903 by the Russian Orthodox Church
Blessed Stephana de Quinzanis
Also known as
Stephanie de Quinzanis
Profile
Born to pious parents; her father became a Dominican tertiary while Stephana was very young. She was taught her catechism by the stigmatic Blessed Matthew Carrieri who lived at the nearby Dominican convent; though she was too small to understand, he told her that she was to be his spiritual heiress. She began receiving visions of Dominican saints from age seven, at which point she made personal vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.
Carrieri died when Stephana was 14; soon after he appeared to her in a vision, and she received the stigmata.
Dominican tertiary at Soncino, Italy at age 15. Devoted to caring for the poor and sick. She founded a community of Third Order sisters in Soncino, and served as its first abbess. Her counsel was sought by many including Saint Angela Merici, Blessed Augustine of Biella, and Blessed Osanna of Mantua.
Though she had no formal theological training, she could discuss mystical theology at the most profound level. She could read the hearts and minds of the people around her, and had the gift of prophesy and healing. She lived in a nearly continuous fast, and inflicted severe penances on herself. Stephana accurately predicted the date of her own death.
Born
1457 at Soncino, Italy
Died
2 January 1530 of at Soncino, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
14 December 1740 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmed)
Saint Adelard of Corbie
Also known as
Adalard, Adalhard, Adelhard, Adalardus, Adelardus, Alard, Alardus, Adalardo
Profile
Grandson of Charles Martel; nephew of King Pepin the Short; first cousin of Charlemagne. Grew up in the royal court, and was an advisor to Louis le Debonnaire. Adalard gave up the court life in 773 to become a Benedictine monk at Corbie Abbey. Gardener in the monastery. Studied under Blessed Alcuin. Abbot. Advisor to Charlemagne, chaplain, and tutor to prince Bernard who later became king of Naples, Italy. Adelard was exiled to the island of Héri (modern Noirmoutier-en-l'Île, France) in 817 after being accused of supporting Bernard's revolt against Emperor Louis the Debonair, Charlemagne's successor. He actually enjoyed the peace that came with the isolation, but was later recalled. With Abbot Wala of Corbie, he founded Corvey Abbey in Saxony. Relics reported to have healed the deaf, the mute, and the paralyzed.
Born
c.752
Died
• 2 January 827 at Corbie Abbey, Picardy, France following a brief illness
• relics translated in 1026
Canonized
1026 by Pope John XIX
Patronage
• against fever
• against typhoid
• gardeners
Representation
• abbot digging a garden with his crown lying nearby
• being crowned with thorns by an angel
• giving alms or food to the poor
• kneeling before a crucifix
• overcoming a dragon by displaying IHS
Blessed Sylvester of Troina
Also known as
Silvestro di Troina
Profile
Born to the local nobility, as a young man he became a twelfth-century monk in the Basilian monastery of Saint Michael the Archangel in Troina, Sicily, Italy, where he became known for his charity. Lived briefly at the monastery of San Filippo di Fragalà near Frazzanò, Italy. Ordained a priest by Pope Adrian VI in Rome, Italy c.1155. Soon after he was chosen served as abbot of his house. In later life he resigned his position to live as a prayerful hermit in a cell in a wooded area near the monastery and next to the oratory of Saint Barthomomew.
Some miracle stories have attached to him including discovering that a beggar he helped was Jesus. He is reported to have travelled to the shrine of Saint Agatha on her feast day in Etna, on foot, 40 miles each way, and finished the trip and his devotions in an hour. Healed the son of King William I of Sicily by praying for the boy and making the sign of the cross over him. A procession of his relics and prayers for his intercession is credited for ending a plague outbreak in Sicily in 1575.
Born
late 11th or early 12th century in Troina, Sicily, Italy
Died
• 2 January 1164 in Troina, Sicily, Italy of natural causes
• after miracles were reported at his grave, a church dedicated to him was built over it in 1625
Beatified
by Pope Julius III in the mid-16th century (cultus confirmation)
Patronage
• Limina, Sicily, Italy
• Troina, Sicily, Italy
Saint Koupaïa
Also known as
Aspasia, Aspasie, Coupaïa, Koupaia, Pompaïa, Pompée, Pompey
Additional Memorials
• 26 July on some calendars
• last Sunday in July (Tréguier, Saint Pompée, Langoat, diocese of Saint-Brieuc, France)
Profile
Born a princess, the daughter of King Eusebius and Saint Landouenne, and learned her faith at her mother's knee. She immigrated from the British Isles to Brittany in France c.500 to marry King Hoel I, and become queen of Armorique in Brittany. The couple and their court were forced into exile in England in 509 by invading Frisians; King Hoel re-captured his kingdom in 513. Mother of seven children including Saint Tugdual, Saint Sève, Saint Lunaire, and King Hoël II of Brittany. Queen Koupaïa and her son Tugdual and daughter Sève returned to Amorica in 545 after the death of King Hoel. Tugdual founded the monastery of Tréguier, and Koupaïa spent her remaining days nearby, living as a prayerful hermitess; the church of Langoat, France was built on the site of her home.
Born
latter 5th century in the British Isles
Died
• c.545 of natural causes in Brittany, France
• interred in the church of Saint Pompey in Langoat, France
Saint Defendente the Theban
Also known as
• Defendente of Thebes
• Defendens...
Additional Memorials
• 22 September as one of the Martyrs of the Theban Legion
• 14 September (Romano di Lombardia, Italy)
• 4th Sunday in August (Torre Canavese, Italy)
• last Sunday in August (Montemarzo di Asti, Italy)
Profile
Christian soldier in the Theban Legion of the imperial Roman army. Martyred by emperor Maximian for refusing to sacrifice to pagan gods prior to a battle.
Died
beheaded c.286 along the Rhone river in Agauno (modern Marseille, France)
Patronage
• against fire
• against wolves
• 16 towns in Italy
Representation
imperial Roman soldier holding a palm of martyrdom
Saint Macarius of Rome
Also known as
Agathon
Profile
Macarius was a high civic official, a Vicarius Praefecti, in Rome, Italy. He retired from public life to live as a prayerful, penitent hermit at Chierno, Italy, which was later renamed Sacerno, which is now part of Calderara di Reno. Some records list him as an abbot, but we have no information on what monastery he may have been attached to.
Born
Rome, Italy
Died
• mid-5th century in Chierno (modern Sacerno district of Calderara di Reno), Bologna, Italy of natural causes
• buried at the church of Saint Helena in Chierno
• relics transferred to the Basilica of Saint Xystus in Piacenza, Italy where an altar was dedicated to him
• relics transferred to Siena, Italy by Archbishop Galter in 1249
Patronage
for good weather (a tradition in the region of Bologna, Italy)
Blessed Marcolinus Amanni
Also known as
• Marcolinus of Forli
• Marcolino Amannai da Forli
• Mark the Mute
• Marcolino...
Profile
Joined the Dominicans in Forli, Emilia, Italy when he was just a boy, and became known for his simple life, his love of quiet and solitude, and his service to the poor and children. Had a great devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and carried a picture of her with him at all times.
Born
1317 in Forli, Emilia, Italy
Died
• in February 1397 in Forli, Emilia, Italy of natural causes
• buried in the cathedral in Forli
Beatified
9 May 1750 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmation)
Saint Maximus of Vienne
Profile
Son of Gundebertus and Magneldis. Studied at the convent school of Saint-Etienne, Cahors, France. His family arranged a marriage to one Hebrildis, but he refused which led to a beating by his father, and Maximus leaving home to live as a hermit. While on a bear hunt, his father found Maximus in his hermitage, took him prisoner, hauled him home, and announced that the wedding was on again. Maximus escaped and fled to the monastery of Saint-Martial near Limoges, France, and then to the monastery of Saint-Mauritius in Vienne, France where he became a monk and lived the rest of his life. Priest. Abbot of Saint-Mauritius.
Born
c.563 near Cahors, France
Died
2 January 625 in Vienne, France of natural causes
Saint Seiriol
Profile
Friend of Saint Cybri. Spiritual teacher of Saint Elaeth the King. His memory is perpetuated by the name of the island of Ynys-Seiriol.
Born
6th century Wales
Readings
We hymn thee, O Father Seiriol, for thou didst turn the Welsh wilderness into a fertile vineyard for the Lord. By this our intercession, O Saint, we implore thee to pray to Christ our God that our labours may be blessed and our souls may be saved. - troparion of Saint Seiriol
Thy radiant memory illuminates the ages, O holy Seiriol, defying the darkness of apostacy and error. May the day once more dawn when all Wales will confess the Faith of our Fathers and keep festival to honour thee. - kontakion of Saint Seiriol
Saint Viance of Anjou
Also known as
• Viance of Aquitaine
• Vincentian...
Profile
Born to a family of serfs, Viance was orphaned at the age of ten. He was befriend by the son of the duke of Aquitaine, and studied with him at the church school at Cahors, but the duke ordered that Viance be returned to his position as a serf, and he was assigned to oversee the stable hands. He was regularly abused by the duke for his piety and charity to those even poorer than himself, but was eventaully allowed to pursue the life of a prayerful hermit. Saint-Viance, France is named in his honour.
Born
Anjou (in modern France)
Died
c.673 of natural causes
Saint Munchin of Limerick
Also known as
• Munchin of Luimneach
• Munchin of Luimnich
• Munchin the Wise
• Little Monk
• Maincin, Mainchin, Mainquino, Manchen, Munchino
Profile
First bishop of Limerick (Luimneach), occupying the see in the 7th century. A prince gave him the island, possibly in exchange for Munchin giving up a claim to the throne. Established the school at Mungret and served as abbot to its 1,500 monks.
Born
County Clare, Ireland
Patronage
• Limerick, Ireland, city of
• Limerick, Ireland, diocese of
Saint Theodore of Marseille
Also known as
Teodor, Teodoro
Profile
Sixth-century bishop of Marseille, Gaul (in modern France). For trying to establish clerical discipline and control of his clergy, he ran into opposition from King Childebert and King Guntram, and was sometimes imprisoned and was exiled three times. Attended the synod of Mâcon in 585. Received letters from Pope Saint Gregory the Great about the proper way to convert Jews by convincing them of the faith instead of forcibly baptizing them as some priests were doing.
Died
594 of natural causes
Blessed Airaldus of Maurienne
Also known as
• Airaldo di Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
• Ayraldus of Maurienne
Profile
Son of William II, Count of Burgundy. Carthusian monk at Portes, diocese of Belley, France. Prior of his house. Bishop of Maurienne in the Savoy from 1132 to 1156, a position he had to be ordered to accept.
Died
1160 at Maurienne, France of natural causes
Beatified
8 January 1863 by Pope Pius IX (cultus confirmed)
Blessed Odino of Rot
Also known as
• Odino Truchseß
• Otto, Otteno, Ottino
Profile
Born to the German nobility, related to the counts of Rajasthan and Waldburg. Premonstratensian monk. Canon of Mönchsrot Abbey in Rot at Memmingen, Germany. Abbot of the house for 42 years during which time the house grew to 200 monks and 40 nuns. His spiritual student went out to found Mercedarian canonries in Wilten, Weißenau, Steingaden, Obermarchtal, Kaiserslauter and Adelberg.
Born
1100
Died
1182 at Mönchsrot Abbey of natural causes
Saint Aspasius of Auch
Also known as
• Aspasius of Eauze
• Aspasius of Meaux
• Aspasius of Melun
• Aspais, Aspasio
Profile
Bishop of Eauze (modern Auch), France. Took part in the Councils of Orleans in 533, 541 and 549. Held a provincial council in 551. Venerated in Meaux and Melin, France.
Died
• 560 of natural causes
• relics enshrined in the church of Saint Aspasius in Melun, France
Patronage
• against abscesses
• against headaches
• Melun, France
Saint Sebastian of Agaunum
Profile
Soldier. Member of the Theban Legion. To escape the persecution of Emperor Maximian, he fled from his unit to the Piedmont region of Italy, but was caught, convicted of being a Christian, and executed. Martyr.
Died
• c.288 in Piedmont, Italy
• relics enshrined in a stone coffin in a church in Fossano, Italy on 2 January 1427
• relics later transferred to the cathedral of Narni, Italy
Saint Alverius of Agaunum
Profile
Soldier. Member of the Theban Legion. To escape the persecution of Emperor Maximian, he fled from his unit to the Piedmont region of Italy, but was caught, convicted of being a Christian, and executed. Martyr.
Died
• c.288 in Piedmont, Italy
• relics enshrined in a stone coffin in a church in Fossano, Italy on 2 January 1427
• relics later transferred to the cathedral of Narni, Italy
Blessed Guillaume Répin
Also known as
Vilhelm, William
Profile
Priest in the diocese of Angers, France. Martyred in the persecutions of the French Revolution.
Born
26 August 1709 at Thouarcé, Maine-et-Loire, France
Died
2 January 1794 at Angers, France
Beatified
19 February 1984 by Pope John Paul II at Rome, Italy
Saint John Camillus the Good
Also known as
• John Camillus
• John the Good
• John Bonus
Profile
Archbishop of Milan, Italy, the first to live in the city for 80 years, his predecessors being in exile due to Arian Lombard invasion. Fought Arianism and Monothelitism.
Died
c.660 of natural causes
Saint Dietmar of Prague
Also known as
Detmar, Thietmar
Profile
Benedictine monk, possibly at double monastery in Prague, Bohemia (in modern Czech Republic). Chosen first bishop of Prague on 23 March 973 where he served for the rest of his life. Ordained Saint Adalbert of Prague to the priesthood.
Born
10th century Saxony (in modern Germany)
Died
2 January 982 in Prague, Bohemia (in modern Czech Republic)
Saint Baudimius of Auvergne
Also known as
Baudenius, Baudime
Profile
Priest. Late 3rd and early 4th century missionary to the Auvergne region of Gaul (in modern France) where he worked with Saint Nectarius.
Blessed Guillermo de Loarte
Profile
Mercedarian friar in Valladolid, Spain. Noted for his in-depth study of the early Church fathers and of prophecy, and his skill at passing this wisdom along to his Mercedarian brothers.
Died
Valladolid, Spain of natural causes
Saint Hortolana of Assisi
Also known as
Hortolane, Hortulana, Ortulana
Profile
Married to Count Faverone of Sciffi. Mother of Saint Agnes of Assisi and Saint Clare of Assisi. Pilgrim to assorted holy sites in Europe, and to the Holy Land. Widow. Poor Clare nun in San Damiano Abbey in Assisi, Italy with her daughter Clare.
Died
c.1238 Assisi, Italy
Blessed Laurent Batard
Profile
Priest of the diocese of Angers, France. Martyred in the persecutions of the French Revolution.
Born
4 February 1744 in Saint-Maurille de Chalonnes-sur-Loire, Maine-et-Loire, France
Died
martyred on 2 January 1794 at Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France
Beatified
19 February 1984 by Pope John Paul II at Rome, Italy
Saint Blidulf of Bobbio
Also known as
Bladulph, Bladulf, Blidulfo, Bladulfo
Profile
Monk at Bobbio, Italy. Spiritual student of Saint Columbanus. Denounced the heresy of King Arioald of the Lombards. Worked to reform the royal court and the region.
Died
630 of natural causes
Saint Paracodus of Vienne
Profile
Bishop of Vienne, France in 199. Pope Victor consulted him about the proper dates for Easter. Led his diocese during the persecutions of Emperor Alexander Severus.
Born
Greece
Died
c.239
Saint Asclepius of Limoges
Also known as
Asclipe
Profile
Priest. Bishop of Limoges, France. Founded a Benedictine monastery in Limoges and restored the cloister in Bourges, France.
Died
9th century
Saint Vincentian of Tulle
Also known as
Viance, Viants
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Menelaus. Hermit in the diocese of Tulle (modern Auvergne, France).
Died
c.730 of natural causes
Saint Isidore of Nitria
Also known as
Isidore of Egypt
Profile
Fourth century bishop of Nitria (modern AL Barnuji) in the Egyptian desert. Welcomed Saint Jerome to Egypt.
Saint Isidore of Antioch
Also known as
Isidonus, Isiridonus, Siridon, Siridion
Profile
Bishop of Zaragoza, Spain. Martyred, possibly by Arians.
Saint Mark the Mute
Profile
A deaf–mute man known for his piety and ascetic lifestyle. No other information about him has survived.
Saint Theodota
Also known as
Theodora
Profile
Mother of Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian.
Died
250 of natural causes
Saint Theopistus
Profile
Martyr.
Profile
stoned to death, date and location unknown
Many Martyrs Who Suffered in Rome
Profile
There were many martyrs who suffered in the persecutions of Diocletian for refusing to surrender the holy books. Though we know these atrocities occured, we do not know the names of the saints, and we honour them as a group.
Died
c.303 in Rome, Italy
Martyrs of Antioch
Profile
A group of Christian soldiers martyred together for their faith. We know the names of five - Albanus, Macarius, Possessor, Starus and Stratonicus.
Born
Greece
Died
Antioch (modern Antakya, Turkey)
Many Martyrs of Britain
Article
The Christians of Britain appear to have escaped unharmed in the earlier persecutions which afflicted the Church; but the cruel edicts of Diocletian were enforced in every corner of the empire, and the faithful inhabitants of this land, whether native Britons or Roman colonists, were called upon to furnish their full number of holy Martyrs and Confessors. The names of few are on record; but the British historian, Saint Gildas, after relating the martyrdom of Saint Alban, tells us that many others were seized, some put to the most unheard-of tortures, and others immediately executed, while not a few hid themselves in forests and deserts and the caves of the earth, where they endured a prolonged death until God called them to their reward. The same writer attributes it to the subsequent invasion of the English, then a pagan people, that the recollection of the places, sanctified by these martyrdoms, has been lost, and so little honour paid to their memory. It may be added that, according to one tradition, a thousand of these Christians were overtaken in their flight near Lichfield, and cruelly massacred, and that the name of Lichfield, or Field of the Dead, is derived from them.
Martyrs of Ethiopia
Profile
A group of Christians martyred together for their faith. We know the names of three - Auriga, Claudia and Rutile.
Died
Ethiopia
Martyrs of Jerusalem
Profile
A group of Christians martyred together for their faith. We know the names of two - Stephen and Vitalis.
Died
Jerusalem
Martyrs of Lichfield
Profile
Many Christians suffered at Lichfield (aka Lyke-field, meaning field of dead bodies), England in the persecutions of Diocletian. Though we know these atrocities occured, we do not know the names of the saints, and we honour them as a group.
Died
304 at Lichfield, England
Martyrs of Piacenza
Profile
A group of Christians who died together for their faith in the persecutions of Diocletian. No details about them have survived.
Died
on the site of church of Madonna di Campagna, Piacenza, Italy
Martyrs of Puy
Profile
Missionaries, sent by Saint Fronto of Périgueux to the area of Puy, France. Tortured and martyred by local pagans. We know the names - Frontasius, Severinus, Severian and Silanus.
Died
• beheaded in Puy (modern Puy-en-Velay), France
• buried together in the church of Notre Dame, Puy-en-Velay by Saint Fronto, their bodies laid out to form a cross
Martyrs of Syrmium
Profile
Group of Christians martyred together, date unknown. We know the names of seven - Acutus, Artaxus, Eugenda, Maximianus, Timothy, Tobias and Vitus - but very little else.
Died
3rd or 4th century at Syrmium, Pannonia (modern Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia)
Martyrs of Tomi
Profile
Three brothers, all Christians, all soldiers in the imperial Roman army, and all three martyred in the persecutions of emperor Licinius Licinianus. We know their names - Argeus, Marcellinus and Narcissus - but little else.
Died
320 at Tomi, Exinius Pontus, Moesia (modern Constanta, Romania)
