Saint Francis de Sales
புனிதர் ஃபிரான்சிஸ் டி சலேஸ்
ஜெனீவா நகர ஆயர்/ மறைவல்லுநர்:
பிறப்பு: ஆகஸ்ட் 21, 1567
சாடேயு டி சலேஸ், சவோய், தூய ரோம பேரரசு
இறப்பு: டிசம்பர் 28, 1622 (அகவை 55)
லியோன்ஸ், லியோன்னைஸ், ஃபிரான்ஸ் அரசு
ஏற்கும் சபை:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: ஜனவரி 24
முக்திப்பேறு பட்டம்: ஜனவரி 8, 1661
திருத்தந்தை ஏழாம் அலெக்சாண்டர்
புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 8, 1665
திருத்தந்தை ஏழாம் அலெக்சாண்டர்
பாதுகாவல்:
ரொட்டி செய்பவர் (Baker); ஓரிகன் (Oregon);
சின்சினாட்டி (Cincinnati); எழுத்தாளர்கள் (Writers);
செய்தியாளர்கள் (Journalists); கொலம்பஸ் (Columbus);
ஓஹியோ (Ohio); காது கேட்காதவர்கள் (Deaf people);
கல்வியாளர் (educators); அபிங்டன் (Upington);
தென் ஆப்பிரிக்கா (South Africa); வில்மிங்டன் (Wilmington);
டெலவெயர் (Delaware); செய்தியாளர் (Catholic press);
பாவ மன்னிப்பாளர் (Confessors)
கிறிஸ்து அரசர் பேரரசு குருவின் கல்வி நிலையம் (The Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest)
முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:
அன்னசி, ஹௌட்-சவோய், ஃபிரான்ஸ்
புனிதர் ஃபிரான்சிஸ் டி சலேஸ், ஜெனீவா நகரின் ஆயரும், ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் புனிதரும் ஆவார். இவர் சீர்திருத்தத் திருச்சபையினரை மீண்டும் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையோடு சேர்க்க அரும்பாடுபட்டார். இவர் ஒரு சிறந்த மறை சொற்பொழிவாளர். இவரின் புத்தகங்கள், குறிப்பாக "Introduction to the Devout Life" மற்றும் "Treatise on the Love of God" ஆகியன, ஆன்மீக உருவாக்கம் மற்றும் ஆன்மீக வழிகாட்டலுக்கு பெரிதும் பயன்படுகின்றன.
இளமைக் காலம்:
கி.பி. 1597ம் ஆண்டு, ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், 21ம் நாள், ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டில் உள்ள “சவோய்” (Savoy) குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்த இவரது தந்தையார், "ஃபிரான்காய்ஸ் டி சலேஸ்" (François de Sales) ஆவார். தாயார், "ஃபிரான்காய்ஸ் டி சியோன்னஸ்" (Françoise de Sionnaz) ஆவார். இவரது திருமுழுக்குப் பெயர் "ஃபிரான்சிஸ் பொனவென்ச்சுரா" (Francis Bonaventura) ஆகும்.
இவர், தமது பெற்றோருக்குப் பிறந்த ஆறு குழந்தைகளுள் முதல் குழந்தை ஆவார். இவருடைய தந்தையார், இவர் எதிர்காலத்தில் சிறந்ததோர் நீதிபதியாக வரவேண்டும் என்ற எண்ணத்தில், இவருக்கு அருகேயிருந்த நகரத்தில் உயர்தர கல்வி அளிக்கப்பட ஏற்பாடு செய்தார். எட்டு வயதில், அன்னேசி நகரிலுள்ள கப்புச்சின் கல்லூரியில் (Capuchin college in Annecy) கல்வி பயின்றார்.
கல்வி:
கி.பி. 1583ம் ஆண்டு, பாரிஸ் நகரில் உள்ள, இயேசு சபையின் கல்வி நிறுவனமான "காலேஜ் டி கிலர்மோண்டில்" (Collège de Clermont) "சொல்லாட்சி" மற்றும் "மனிதநேயம்" ஆகியவற்றில் உயர் கல்வி கற்க சென்றார்.
கி.பி. 1584ம் ஆண்டு, இறையியலில் விதி அல்லது நியதி பற்றின ஒரு விவாதத்தில் கலந்துகொண்டார். அப்போது, தான் கண்டிப்பாக நரகத்திற்கு செல்வது உறுதி என எண்ணி மிகவும் வருந்தினார். அதனால் ஏற்பட்ட துக்கத்தினால் கி.பி. 1586ம் ஆண்டு, டிசம்பர் மாதம், உடல் நலம் குன்றியது. கி.பி. 1587ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், தெற்கு ஃபிரான்ஸில் உள்ள ஆலயம் ஒன்றிற்கு திருப்பயணம் மேற்கொண்டார். அங்கே, "கருநிற மடோன்னா" (Black Madonna) என்றழைக்கப்படும் அர்ச்சிஷ்ட "மீட்பு" அன்னை கன்னி மரியாளின் (Our Lady of Good Deliverance) திருச்சொரூபத்தின் முன்னே செபம் செய்தார். கடவுளுக்கு தன் வாழ்வினை அர்ப்பணிக்க முடிவு செய்தார். தம்மை இறை அன்னைக்கு ஒப்புக் கொடுத்தார். கடவுள் அன்பாய் இருகின்றார் என விவிலியம் கூறுகின்றது; ஆதலினால், அவரிடம் முழு நம்பிக்கை வைத்து அவர் காட்டும் பாதையில் செல்ல தீர்மானித்தார்.
கி.பி. 1592ம் ஆண்டு, சட்டம் மற்றும் இறையியல் துறைகளில் முனைவர் பட்டத்தை பதுவா பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் பெற்றார். இங்கே தான் தனக்கு இறை அழைத்தல் இருப்பதாக முதன் முதலில் உணர்ந்தார். படிப்பு முடிந்ததும், உடனே வீடு திரும்பாமல், இத்தாலியின் "லொரெட்டோ" (Loreto) என்னுமிடத்திலுள்ள மரிய அன்னை திருத்தலத்திற்க்கு திருப்பயணம் சென்றார்.
மனித நேயம், சொல்லாட்சிக் கலை, இறையியல், மற்றும் சட்டம் படித்தப் பின்னர், தன் தந்தை பார்த்து வைத்திருந்த செல்வந்தக் குடும்பப்பெண்ணை மணக்காமல் குருவாக தீர்மானித்தார். அப்போதய ஜெனீவா நகர ஆயரின் அழைப்பை ஏற்று, கி.பி. 1593ம் ஆண்டு, குருமடத்தில் சேர்ந்து, குருத்துவம் பெற்று, அம்மறைமாவட்ட தேவாலயத்தில் பணிபுரிந்தார்.
ஆயராக:
கி.பி. 1517ம் ஆண்டு, கிறிஸ்தவச் சீர்திருத்த இயக்கம் ஆரம்பமானதிலிருந்து, சுவிட்சர்லாந்தில் உள்ள ஜெனீவா நகரின் கத்தோலிக்க ஆயர்கள் ஃபிரான்ஸில் உள்ள அன்னெசி என்னும் இடத்தில் தங்கியிருந்தனர், ஃபிரான்சிஸ் பேராலயத்தில் பணிசெய்து கொண்டுருந்ததால், சவாய் நகரில் இருந்த சீர்திருத்தத் திருச்சபையினரிடமும் மறை பரப்பலானார், இவரின் முயற்ச்சியால் பலரும் கத்தோலிக்கத்திற்க்கு திரும்பலாயினர்.
இவர் ரோம் நகரம் மற்றும் பாரிஸ் நகருக்கு பயணம் செய்து திருத்தந்தை எட்டாம் கிளமெண்ட் மற்றும் ஃபிரெஞ்ச் அரசன் ஆறாம் ஹென்றியும் உடன்பாடு செய்ய வைத்தார்.
கி.பி. 1602ம் ஆண்டு, ஜெனீவா ஆயரின் இறப்புக்குப் பின், ஃபிரான்சிஸ் டி சலேஸ் புதிய ஆயராக அருட்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்டார். இவரின் ஆயத்துவ பணியின்போது, எல்லோரும் இவரை சிறந்த மறையுரையாளராகவும், ஏழை எளியவரின் நண்பராகவும் கண்டனர். இவரின் புத்தகங்களில் இவரின் ஃபிரெஞ்ச், இத்தாலிய மற்றும் இலத்தீன் மொழிகளின் புலமை வெளிப்பட்டது.
கி.பி. 1610ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூன் மாதம், ஆறாம் தேதி, "புனித ஜேன் ஃபிரான்சிஸ் டி சான்ட்டலுடன்" (St. Jane Frances de Chantal) இணைந்து, "மாதா மிணவுதல் சபை" (Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary) என்னும் பெயரில், பெண்களுக்கான துறவர சபையினை நிறுவினார். இவர், "புனித பிலிப் நேரியின் சொற்பொழிவுக்கலை சபை" (Oratory of St. Philip Neri) என்ற பெயரில் ஆண்களுக்கான ஒரு சிறு சபையையும் தோற்றுவித்தார்.
கி.பி. 1622ம் ஆண்டு, டிசம்பர் மாதம், "சவோயின் பிரபு முதலாம் சார்லஸ் இம்மானுவலின்" (Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy) பரிவாரங்களுடன் பயணித்துக்கொண்டிருந்த ஃபிரான்சிஸ் டி சலேஸ், "லியொன்" (Lyon) சென்று சேர்ந்ததும், "விசிட்டேன்டைன் துறவு மடத்தின்" (Visitandine monastery) தோட்டக்காரரின் குடிலில் ஓய்வெடுப்பதற்காக தங்கினார். டிசம்பர் மாதம், 28ம் தேதி, மாரடைப்பால் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட இவர், இறைவனடி சேர்ந்தார்.
இறப்புக்குப் பின்:
திருத்தந்தை ஏழாம் அலெக்சாண்டர், ஃபிரான்சிஸ் டி சலேஸுக்கு கி.பி. 1661ம் ஆண்டு, அருளாளர் பட்டமும், நான்கு வருடத்துக்கு பின் புனிதர் பட்டமும் அளித்தார். கி.பி. 1877ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை ஒன்பதாம் பயஸ், இவரை திருச்சபையின் மறைவல்லுநராக பிரகடணம் செய்வித்தார்.
இவரின் நினைவுத் திருவிழா நாள் ஜனவரி 24 ஆகும்.
Also known as
• Francis of Sales
• Gentle Christ of Geneva
• the Gentleman Saint
• Franz von Sales
Profile
Born in the castle of Château de Thorens to a well-placed Savoyard family, the eldest of twelve children born to François de Boisy and Françoise de Sionnz. His parents intended that Francis become a lawyer, enter politics, and carry on the family line and power. He studied at La Roche and Annecy in France, taught by Jesuits. Attended the Collège de Clermont in Paris, France at age 12. In his early teens, Francis began to believe in pre-destination, and was so afraid that he was pre-emptorily condemned to Hell that he became ill and eventually was confined to bed. However, in January 1587 at the Church of Saint Stephen, he overcame the crisis, decided that whatever God had in store for him was for the best, and dedicated his life to God.
Studied law and theology at the University of Padua, Italy, and earned a doctorate in both fields. He returned home, and found a position as Senate advocate. It was at this point that he received a message telling him to "Leave all and follow Me." He took this as a call to the priesthood, a move his family fiercely opposed, especially when he refused a marriage that had been arranged for him. However, he pursued a devoted prayer life, and his gentle ways won over the family.
Priest. In 1593 he was appointed provost of the diocese of Geneva, Switzerland, a stronghold of Calvinists. Preacher, writer and spiritual director in the district of Chablais. His simple, clear explanations of Catholic doctrine, and his gentle way with everyone, brought many back to the Roman Church. He even used sign language in order to bring the message to the deaf, leading to his patronage of deaf people.
Bishop of Geneva in 1602. He travelled and evangelized throughout the Duchy of Savoy, working with children whenever he could. Friend of Saint Vincent de Paul. He turned down a wealthy French bishopric to continue working where God had placed him. With Saint Jeanne de Chantal he helped found the Order of the Visitation . A prolific correspondent, many of his letters have survived.
The value of his writings led to his being declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Blessed Pius IX in 1877, and a patron of writers and journalists by Pope Pius XI in 1923. The Salesians of Don Bosco, the Oblates of Saint Francis de Sales, and the Missionaries of Saint Francis de Sales are named in his honour as is the Saint François Atoll in the Seychelles Islands.
Born
21 August 1567 at Château de Thorens, Savoy (part of modern France)
Died
• 28 December 1622 at Lyon, France of natural causes
• buried at the basilica of the Visitation, Annecy, France
• his heart was preserved as a relic at Lyon
• during the French Revolution his heart was was moved to Venice, Italy
Canonized
19 April 1665 by Pope Alexander VII
Blessed Giuseppe Giaccardo
Also known as
Father Timoteo
Additional Memorial
19 October (Pauline Congregations)
Profile
Oldest of five children born to farm workers Stefano and Maria Cagna; his mother was devoted to Our Lady of the Rosary. When financial troubles hit, his father worked as a butcher and sacristan, and Giuseppe spent his early years in a house adjacent to his parish church; at one point he served as an altar boy for Blessed Giacomo Alberione, his future superior. Giuseppe early felt a call to the priesthood, and began his studies in October 1908; he was known as an exceptional student in seminary, but would not talk about it. Drafted into the army on 22 January 1915, he worked in a medical unit and later said that the locations of his military assignments put a severe test to his vows of chastity. He was released from service on 7 January 1916 due to chronic anemia, and returned to seminary where he spent his spare time tutoring other students.
Father Alberione wanted the young seminarian to work with him in his new Society of Saint Paul, but Giuseppe was informed that he could only remain a cleric if he stayed in seminary. He joined the Society on 7 April 1917, trained and supervised student printers, edited and proofread books and periodicals, all the while continuing his studies. Ordained on 19 October 1919, the first professed priest in the Society. He made his profession within the Society on 30 June 1920, taking the name Timoteo in honour of the disciple of Saint Paul the Apostle. He preached retreats, heard confessions, and each Sunday walked the 8 miles to Benevello, Italy to celebrate Mass for the parish there. He earned a degree in theology, with honours, from the College of Saint Thomas in Geona, Italy on 12 November 1920.
As the Society continued to grow, so did Father Timoteo's work load. He was noted within the Society for spreading the word of the Faith and of the Church's stance against the Facism that was coming to power in Italy; he was also known for his lack of administrative and financial skills, which often put him at odds with Father Alberione and dealing with overdue bills. Still, his devotion was so powerful that Father Alberione assigned Father Giuseppe to found the Society's first house in Rome, Italy; Pope Pius XI jumped for joy at the news. On 15 January 1926, Father Giuseppe and 14 students opened a small print shop in Rome, and began work on twelve diocesan weekly publications. Father Timoteo and his crew lived in a renovated warehouse with limited plumbing and no chapel. With no other priests to assist him, Father Timoteo served as house superior, father figure, spiritual director of both his house and the newly arrived group of Daughters of Saint Paul, house treasurer, and supervisor of the printing work they all did. They were perpetually short of money, and his work never ended, but visitors noted the serenity and dedication that pervaded the living and working areas.
In July 1927, Don Giaccardo managed to purchase a old vineyard from the Benedictines; the barn was transformed into a chapel, the winery to print shop, and the farm house into improved quarters for the Society; it became a central point for training, study and spiritual formation of new members of the Society. Father Giuseppe was made superior in Rome in 1932. On 10 June 1936, the old vineyard was designated the mother-house of the Society, and Don Giaccardo its superior; he laboured at task for the next decade, which were his most active years, and the period when the house was most know for its piety, observance and community. He worked with about 500 students and seminarians in Alba, Italy during this period, and kept his community together during the privations of World War II. Celebrated Mass every Friday at the mother house of the Pauline Sisters. He carried a small edition of the epistles of Saint Paul, and consulted them frequently for wisdom in dealing with his community; falsehoods saddened him, he would lose sleep to pray for Society members who had a conflict, he saw all history as being centered on Christ, and encouraged members of the Society to use all forms of media to spread the Faith.
Born
13 June 1896 in Narzole, Cuneo, Italy as Giuseppe Domenico Vincenzo Giaccardo
Died
• 24 January 1948 in Rome, Italy of leukemia
• his funeral was conducted in the apse of the Basilica of Saint Paul in Rome
• relics enshrined in the crypt of the sanctuary of Mary, Queen of the Apostles since 1966
Beatified
22 October 1989 by Pope John Paul II
Blessed Paula Gambara Costa
Also known as
Countess Costa
Additional Memorial
23 January (diocese of Brescia, Italy)
Profile
Born to the nobility, the eldest of seven children born to Giampaolo Gambara and Taddea Caterina Martinengo. In her youth, Paula showed an affinity to a quiet and devout life, felt a call to religious orders, and spent her spare time spent in prayer and spiritual reading. However, in the autumn of 1485 she was given in an arranged marriage to the Lodovico Antonio Costa, Count of Benasco, Piedmont in modern Italy. Mother of Giovanni Francesco in 1488; she celebrated by distributing large amounts of food to the poor. Lodovico was a philaderer who enjoyed the worldly life, the party life, hunting, feasting, and was abusive and contempuous with Paula for her pious life and her devotion to the poor; his mistress moved into the castle to live with them both in 1494, and soon after Paula began suffering severe migraines. She discussed the matter with her confessor and spiritual director, Blessed Angelo of Chiavasso, and decided to make the conversion of Lodovico the focus of her spiritual life, joining the Franciscan tertiaries in 1491, suffering the abuse of both her husband and their servants, and putting the needs of the poor and the sick above her own. Miracles are reported where bread given to the poor would multiply, and barrels of drink that her husband emptied would suddenly refil. Her prayers were finally answered in 1504 when Lodovico had a conversion, received a miraculous healing at the grave of Blessed Angelo Carletti, and became a penitent man; Paula began wearing her Franciscan habit in public instead of under her gowns as she had done until then. Widowed in late 1504, Paula devoted her remaining years to God and charity, which included financing the re-building of some area convents and monasteries.
Born
3 March 1463 in Verola Alghise (modern Verolanuova), Brescia, Duchy of Milan (in modern Lombardy, Italy)
Died
• 24 January 1515 in Binaco, Duchy of Milan (in modern Lombardy, Italy) of a fever
• buried in a church outside the walls of convent of Rocchetta that she had helped re-build
• the church was destroyed in 1536 during a war between Francis I and Charles V, and Paula's was re-interred in the nearby castle
• relics later enshrined in an urn in a chapel built by the Counts of Costa in the Franciscan monastery of Bene Vagienna
Beatified
14 August 1845 by Pope Gregory XVI (cultus confirmation)
Blessed Marie Poussepin
Profile
Daughter of a stocking manufacturer, Marie was raised in a pious household and educated by her mother and the local parish priest. Her mother died when Marie was 22, at which point she took over running the house and raising her younger siblings. When her father died in 1683 she took over his business, modernizing it by bringing in machinery to do work previously done by hand; Marie learned to run all the machines, trained her employees, and set up one of the first support networks of benefits them. She joined the Dominican tertiaries in 1690, and began transferring business responsibility to her brother Charles. President of the local Confraternity of Charity, an affiliate of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul in 1693 and 1694, and began caring for people in her home. In 1695 she moved to Sainville, France where she founded a house that would become the Sisters of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin (Dominicans of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin; the community received legal recognition in 1724, diocesan approval in 1738, and they continue their good works today.
Born
14 October 1653 in Dourdan, Essone, France
Died
24 January 1744 in Sainville, Eure-et-Loir, France of natural causes
Beatified
20 November 1994 by Pope John Paul II
Blessed Marcolinus Amanni
Also known as
• Marcolinus of Forli
• Marcolino Amannai da Forli
• Mark the Mute
• Marcolino...
Profile
Marcolinus joined the Dominican in Forli, Emilia, Italy at the age of ten, and lived under their Rule for 70 years. He was known for his simple life, his love of quiet and solitude, his service to the poor and children, his life of prayer, and his ability to counsel and re-invigorate the faith of his brothers. He supported the reform work of Blessed Raymond of Capua.
Brother Marcolinus had a great devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and carried a picture of her with him at all times. There are reports of people who heard him in conversation with Mary – and they report hearing both sides of the conversation. Legend says that when Marcolino died an angel in the form of a beautiful child walked through the streets announcing the death, disappearing afterwards.
Born
1317 in Forli, Emilia, Italy
Died
• 24 January 1397 in Forli, Emilia, Italy of natural causes
• buried in the cathedral in Forli
Beatified
9 May 1750 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmation)
Saint Manchán of Lemanaghan
Also known as
• Manchán mac Silláin
• Mainchín, Manach, Manchianus
Profile
His mother was Mella, his father Sillán, son of Conall, descendant of Rudraige Mór of Ulster. Monk. Spiritual student of Saint Ciarán at Clonmacnoise. Founded a monastery to the west of Lemanaghan, Ireland, c.645 on land obtained by Saint Ciarán from the king of Connacht. The monastery has a healing well that came from a spring that opened when Manchán, out of water, struck a rock; there was also a separate cell where his mother retired. In addition to the contemplative life he led at the monastery, he evangelized the people around it, teaching scripture, being a spiritual teacher to any who would listen, and caring for the poor where he could. Poet.
Died
• 664 of plague
• relics enshrined in the church at Boher, County Offaly, Ireland in a reliquary created in 1130
Saint Felician of Foligno
Additional Memorial
20 October (translation of relics to Minden, Germany)
Profile
Spiritual student of Pope Saint Eleutherius during his missionary days. Priest. Consecrated bishop of Foligno, Italy by Pope Victor I in Rome c.204; he was the first bishop given the pallium as symbol of his office. For a time, Felician was the only bishop in northern Italy. Ordained Saint Valentine of Terni as priest. Arrested, tortured and martyred at age 94 in the persecutions of Decius, dying en route to a triumph for Decius.
Born
c.158 in Foligno, Italy
Died
• c.250 just outside of Foligno, Italy
• a chapel was built over his grave
• the chapel later replaced by a church
• relics transferred to Metz, France on 4 October 970
• some relics translated to Minden, Germany
• some relics returned to Foligno in 1673 and 1674
Saint Babylas of Antioch
அந்தியோக்கியா நகர் புனிதர் பேபிலாஸ்
அந்தியோக்கியா ஆயர்/ மறைசாட்சி:
பிறப்பு: ---
இறப்பு: கி.பி. 253
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
முக்கிய திருத்தலம்: கிரெமோனா (Cremona)
நினைவுத் திருநாள்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக் திருச்சபை = ஜனவரி 24
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை = செப்டம்பர் 4
கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை = செப்டம்பர் 4
அந்தியோக்கியா நகர் புனிதர் பேபிலாஸ், "பேரரசர் டேசியஸ்" (Emperor Decius) காலத்தில், சிறைச் சாலையில் மரித்த "அந்தியோக்கியா ஆயர்" (Bishop of Antioch) ஆவார்.
அவர், "பேரரசர் மூன்றாம் கோர்டியன்" (Emperor Gordian III) ஆட்சிக் காலத்தில் (238-244), "ஆயர் ஜெபினஸ்" (Bishop Zebinus) என்பவரின் பின்வந்த, அந்தியோக்கியாவின் (Antioch) பன்னிரெண்டாம் ஆயர் ஆவார். கி.பி. 250ம் ஆண்டு முதலான "டேசியன் துன்புறுத்தல்கள்" (Decian persecution) காலத்தில், கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்தில் அவரளித்த உறுதியான வாக்குமூலம் காரணமாக, சிறையில் தள்ளப்பட்டு, துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு மரித்தார். பின்னர் அவர் மறைசாட்சியாக (Martyr) வணங்கப்பட்டார்.
முக்கிய ஆதிகால கிறிஸ்தவ திருச்சபை தந்தையும் (Important Early Church Father), கான்ஸ்டான்டிநோபிள் பேராயருமான (Archbishop of Constantinople) "ஜான் கிறிசோஸ்டம்" (John Chrysostom) என்பவர் ஆயர் பேபிலாஸ் பற்றி எழுதிய போதனைகளின்படி, ஆயர் பேபிலாஸ் கிறிஸ்தவ மக்களால் மிகவும் விரும்பப்பட்ட ஆயர் ஆவார்.
ஒரு நாள் "பாகன் பேரரசன் நுமேரியன்" (Pagan Emperor Numerian) ஒரு இளம் பெண்ணை விக்கிரகங்களுக்கு பலியிடும்படி உத்தரவிட்டான். ஒரு அரசனின் மகளான அப்பெண், ஒரு போரில் பிணையாக நிறுத்தப்பட்டாள். இந்த குற்றச் செயலுக்குப் பின்னர், அவன் கத்தோலிக்கர்களை கேலி செய்வதற்காக, அந்தியோக்கியா பேராலயத்தினுள் நுழைய சென்றான். பேராலயத்தில் நுழைவாயிலில் அவனை தடுத்து நிறுத்திய பேபிலாஸ், அவனை நோக்கி, "தூய்மையற்ற, திமிர்த்தனமான மனிதனே, திரும்பிப் போ. நீ இங்கே நுழையாலாகாது." என்றார். வெறுப்பு நிரம்பிய நுமேரியனுக்கு இது பெரும் அவமானமாகப் போனது.
பின்னர், பேபிலாஸ் மற்றும் அவரது மூன்று சீடர்களையும் கைது செய்த நுமேரியன், விசாரணை என்ற பெயரில் அவர்களை அவமதித்தான். அவர்களில் ஒருவரான ஒரு துறவியைப் பார்த்து பரிகசித்து, "உங்கள் கடவுளின் பாடசாலையின் உங்கள் எஜமானரான முட்டாள்களுக்கு சுவாரஸ்யமான விஷயங்களை கற்பிக்க வேண்டும் என்று நான் நினைக்கிறேன்" என்றான். அதற்கு ஆயர் அவர்கள், "ஆமாம், ஞானத்தையும் சத்தியத்தையும் பிள்ளைகளுக்கு நான் கற்பிக்கிறேன். முட்டாள்களுக்காக, அவர்கள் என் பள்ளியில் கலந்து கொள்ளவில்லை; இல்லையென்றால் நீயும் அங்கே இருந்திருப்பாய்" என்றார்.
ஆயர் பேபிலாஸின் மூன்று சீடர்களையும் சித்திரவதை செய்த நுமேரியன், ஆயரிடம் சென்று, குழந்தைகளுக்கு இத்தகைய முட்டாள்தனத்தை கற்பிக்கும் எஜமானே, நான் சொல்வதை கேளுங்கள், இந்த நேரத்தில் நீங்கள் தோற்றுவிட்டீர்கள். ஏனெனில் உங்கள் மூன்று மாணவர்களும் எங்கள் தெய்வங்களுக்கு பலியாகச் செலுத்தப்படவுள்ளனர் என்றான்.
தேவனுடைய மனுஷன் தமது கடுமையான பார்வையை அவனிடம் உறுதிப்படுத்தி பதிலளித்தார்: "நீ வெட்கமின்றி, பொய் சொல்கிறாய். நீ இயல்பாகவே இதை செய்கிறாய். ஏனென்றால், நீ பிசாசின் மகன், பொய்யில் சிறந்தவன்" என்றார்.
பேரரசன் நுமேரியன் அவருக்கு மரண .தண்டனையளித்தான்
Also known as
Babila
Profile
Bishop of Antioch in 240. In 244 he refused entrance to liturgical services to emperor Philip the Arabian, due to the emperor having murdered his predecessor; he ordered him to take his place among the penitents by the church door, which the emperor did. During the persecutions of Decius, Babylas made an unwavering confession of faith in public; he was thrown into prison. Martyr.
Died
• of abuse and mistreatment in prisons c.260
• Babylas buried in his chains to symbolize his love and loyalty to God
• Caesar Gallus built a church at Daphne near Antioch in honor of Babylas, and his relics enshrined there
• Julian the Apostate consulted an oracle of Apollo near the shrine Babylas; when he received no answer, Julian blamed it on the proximity of the saint, and had the relics returned to their original burial site
• relics taken to Cremona, Italy in the middle ages
Blessed William Ireland
Also known as
• William Ironmonger
• William Iremonger
Profile
Eldest son of William Ireland of Crofton Hall, Yorkshire, England and Barbara Eure of Washingborough, Lincolnshire, England. Studied at English College, Saint Omer, France. Joined the Jesuits at Watten, Belgium in 1655; made his profession and was ordained in 1673. Confessor to a Poor Clare convent at Gravelines, France. Sent to England in 1677 where he used the name William Ironmonger and ministered to covert Catholics. Jesuit procurator of the province. Arrested on 28 September 1678 and falsley accused of complicity in the Titus Oates Plot. Martyr.
Born
1636 in Lincolnshire, England
Died
hanged in 24 January 1679 at Tyburn, London, England
Beatified
15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI
Blessed Luigj Prendushi
Profile
Studied in colleges and seminaries of Piedmont, Italy and Sarvano Skarnafacio. Ordained as a priest of the diocese of Sapë, Albania on 12 March 1921. Parish priest in Ipeshkvninë, Albania. Accused by the Communist government of being a spy for the Vatican, he was arrested on 8 December 1946, imprisoned, abused and finally executed in public as a lesson to anyone who intended to stay true to Christianity.
Born
24 January 1896 in Shkodrë, Albania
Died
24 January 1947 in Shelqet, Shkodrë, Albania
Beatified
• 5 November 2016 by Pope Francis
• beatification celebrated at the Square of the Cathedral of Shën Shtjefnit, Shkodër, Albania, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato
Saint Sabinian of Troyes
Also known as
Sabiniano, Sabinianus, Savinian, Savinien
Profile
Brother of Saint Sabina of Troyes. Raised a pagan. Disillusioned with his life in Samos, he travelled to Gaul where he met and was converted by Saint Patroclus of Troyes. After Patroclus's martyrdom, Sabinian took up his teacher's work, preaching and baptizing in the area of the Seine. Martyred in persecutions of Marcus Aurelius.
Born
at Samos, Greece
Died
tortured and beheaded c.275 at Rilly near Troyes, France
Saint Eusebia of Milas
புனித_யூசேப்பியா (-479)
ஜனவரி 24
இவர் (#EusebiaOfRome) உரோமையைச் சார்ந்தவர்.
சிறுவயதிலேயே தன்னை ஆண்டவருக்கு அர்ப்பணித்து வாழ்ந்த இவரைப் பலரும் பெண் கேட்டு வந்தனர். இவரோ அவர்களுக்கு மறுப்புத் தெரிவித்துவிட்டு, சின்ன ஆசியாவிற்குச் (தற்போதைய துருக்கி) சென்று துறவற வாழ்க்கை வாழத் தொடங்கினார்.
இவரது தூய வாழ்க்கையைப் பார்த்துவிட்டுப் பலரும் இவரைத் தேடி வந்தனர். அவர்களுக்கு இவர் நோய் நொடிகளிலிருந்து நலமளித்தார்.
இவ்வாறு பல்வேறு வல்ல செயல்களைச் செய்து, பலரையும் கிறிஸ்துவுக்குள் கொண்டு வந்த இவர், 497 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.
Also known as
• Eusebia of Mylasa
• Eusebia of Rome
• Eysèbios, Ksenija, Xenia
Profile
Feeling a call to religious life, Eusebia declined several marriage proposals and finally moved to Milas, Caria in Asia Minor (in modern Turkey), taking the name Xenia, and living as a pious lay woman. No details about her life have survived, but she is reported to have been a miracle worker.
Born
5th century Rome, Italy
Saint Julian Sabas the Elder
Profile
Hermit in a cave in Mesopotamia on the banks of the Euphrates near Edessa, and then on Mount Sinai. Legend says he ate only once a week. Ministered to and encourged Christians persecuted by Julian the Apostate. Enemies proclaimed that Julian was a follower of Arianism. He travelled to Antioch in 372, made several public speeches against the heresy - then returned to his cave where he lived the rest of his life. A brief biography of Julian was written by Saint John Chrystostom.
Born
Mesopotamian
Died
377 of natural causes
Blessed Francesc de Paula Colomer Prísas
Also known as
Brother Pacià Maria of Barcelona
Profile
Franciscan Capuchin friar. Murdered by Marxists in the Spanish Civil War.
Born
29 April 1916 in Barcelona, Spain
Died
24 January 1937 in Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
Beatified
• 21 November 2015 by Pope Francis
• celebrated at the cathedral of Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia, Barcelona, Spain presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato
Blessed John Grove
Profile
Layman. Servant of Blessed William Ireland and other Jesuits in London, England. Arrested on 28 September 1678, accused of having received £1500 to help in the Titus Oates Plot. Served time with Blessed Thomas Pickering. Martyr.
Died
hanged on 24 January 1679 at Tyburn, London, England
Beatified
15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI
Saint Exuperantius of Cingoli
Also known as
Esuperanzio
Profile
Fifth century bishop of Cingoli, Italy.
Born
North Africa
Saint Suranus of Sora
Profile
Abbot of a monastery at Sora, Italy. When the Lombards invaded the region, Suranus gave away all the goods of the monastery to refugees. When the Lombards reached the monastery and found nothing left to plunder, they murdered Suranus for spite. Martyr.
Died
murdered by Lombard invaders c.580 at his monastery in Sora, Italy
Saint Bertrand of Saint Quentin
Also known as
Bertram, Bertran, Ebertram
Profile
Benedictine monk. Friend and spiritual student of Saint Bertinus. Aide to Saint Omer. Missionary in northern France and Flanders, Belgium. Abbot of Saint Quentin abbey.
Died
7th century of natural causes
Saint Artemius of Clermont
Also known as
Arthemius
Profile
Imperial Roman legate. While on his way to Spain on an mission, he fell ill and settled in Clermont, France. There his sanctity was so obvious that he was chosen bishop.
Died
396 of natural causes
Saint Macedonius Kritophagos
Profile
Hermit in Syria. Called Kriptophagus (the barley eater) as he ate nothing but moistened grain for 40 years. Healer in Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia using prayer and holy water.
Saint Supporina of Clermont
Profile
Holy woman whose relics are enshrined in the church of Saint Artemius in Clermont, France. No details of her life have survived.
Saint Vera of Clermont
Profile
Holy woman whose relics are enshrined in the church of Saint Artemius in Clermont, France. No details of her life have survived.
Saint Guasacht
Profile
Son of Maelchu, the man who "owned" Saint Patrick when he was enslaved. Converted by Saint Patrick. Helped to evangelize Ireland. Bishop of Granard, Ireland.
Saint Epolonius
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Babylas. Martyred in the persecutions of Decius.
Died
c.260 of abuse and mistreatment in prison
Saint Prilidian
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Babylas. Martyred in the persecutions of Decius.
Died
c.260 of abuse and mistreatment in prison
Saint Timothy of Antioch
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Babylas of Antioch. Martyr.
Saint Urban the Martyr
Profile
Student of Saint Babylas. Martyr.
Died
of abuse and mistreatment in prison c.260
Saint Agapius of Antioch
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Babylas of Antioch. Martyr.
Saint Projectus
Profile
Saint Projectus, Companion of Saint Thyrsus:
Mentioned in some accounts of Saint Thyrsus' martyrdom as his companion or fellow Christian.
Details about him are even more limited than Saint Projectus of Clermont, and often conflated with the Bishop.
Saint Thyrsus
Profile
Saint Thyrsus, also known as Thyrse or Tirso, was a Christian martyr who lived during the 3rd century. Depending on the source, he is said to have been martyred either in Sozopolis (Apollonia), Phrygia, or in Africa. There are two main sources of information about him:
1. Martyrologies: These are liturgical calendars listing saints and their feast days. The Roman Martyrology for January 28th mentions Saint Thyrsus, though sources suggest his death might have occurred under Emperor Decius (249-251).
2. Acts of the Saints: These are stories chronicling the lives and deaths of saints. An anonymous text describes the martyrdom of Thyrsus, along with Saints Leucius and Callinicus, under the governor Cumbricius.
Martyrs of Podlasie
Also known as
Martyrs of Pratulin
Profile
Podlasie is an area in modern eastern Poland that, in the 18th-century, was governed by the Russian Empire. Russian sovereigns sought to bring all Eastern-rite Catholics into the Orthodox Church. Catherine II suppressed the Greek Catholic church in Ukraine in 1784. Nicholas I did the same in Belarus and Lithuania in 1839. Alexander II did the same in the Byzantine-rite Eparchy of Chelm in 1874, and officially suppressed the Eparchy in 1875. The bishop and the priests who refused to join the Orthodox Church were deported to Siberia or imprisoned. The laity, left on their own, had to defend their Church, their liturgy, and their union with Rome.
On 24 January 1874 soldiers entered the village of Pratulin to transfer the parish to Orthodox control. Many of the faithful gathered to defend their parish and church. The soldiers tried to disperse the people, but failed. Their commander tried to bribe the parishioners to abandon Rome, but failed. He threaten them with assorted punishments, but this failed to move them. Deciding that a show of force was needed, the commander ordered his troops to fire on the unarmed, hymn-singing laymen. Thirteen of the faithful died, most married men with families, ordinary men with great faith.
We know almost nothing about their lives outside of this incident. Their families were not allowed to honour them or participate in the funerals, and the authorities hoped they would be forgotten. They were
• Anicet Hryciuk
• Bartlomiej Osypiuk
• Daniel Karmasz
• Filip Geryluk
• Ignacy Franczuk
• Jan Andrzejuk
• Konstanty Bojko
• Konstanty Lukaszuk
• Lukasz Bojko
• Maksym Hawryluk
• Michal Wawryszuk
• Onufry Wasyluk
• Wincenty Lewoniuk
Died
• shot on 14 January 1874 by Russian soldiers in Podlasie, Poland
• buried nearby without rites by those soldiers
Beatified
6 October 1996 by Pope John Paul II
Martyrs of Asia Minor
Profile
A group of Christians martyred together for their faith. The only details to survive are four of their names - Eugene, Mardonius, Metellus and Musonius.
Died
burned at the stake in Asia Minor
Our Lady of Damascus
feast day of Our Lady of Damascus is celebrated on January 24th. It commemorates two events:
The weeping of the icon of Our Lady of Damascus: In 1982, this icon, housed in a private home in Damascus, Syria, began to weep tears of oil. This phenomenon continued for several years and was witnessed by many people, including Christians, Muslims, and Orthodox. Many people also reported being healed after praying to the icon.
The dedication of the Church of Our Lady of Damascus in Valletta, Malta: This church was built in the 16th century to house the icon of Our Lady of Damascus, which had been brought to Malta by the Knights of St John.
Our Lady of Tears
Our Lady of Tears" can refer to a few different things:
1. Marian Apparitions:
Campinas, Brazil: The most well-known association with "Our Lady of Tears" comes from the Marian apparitions experienced by Sister Amalia of Jesus Flagellated in Campinas, Brazil, in 1930. The Virgin Mary allegedly appeared to her multiple times, calling for prayer, sacrifice, and penance. She revealed a specific prayer and a "Crown of Tears" rosary for devotion. This version of "Our Lady of Tears" has a dedicated sanctuary and international apostolate.
2. Marian Invocations:
General: "Our Lady of Tears" can also be a broader invocation used to venerate the Virgin Mary in connection with her sorrows and compassion. This usage isn't tied to any specific apparition or location.
3. Artistic Depictions:
Paintings and Statues: Various artworks throughout history depict the Virgin Mary weeping tears, often reflecting themes of suffering, loss, or empathy. These depictions aren't necessarily tied to specific apparitions or invocations but contribute to the overall concept of "Our Lady of Tears."
4. Feast Day:
January 24th: Some traditions celebrate a general feast day for "Our Lady of Tears" on January 24th, potentially coinciding with the feast day of the icon of Our Lady of Damascus, which has also been known to weep tears of oil.
