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14 January 2023

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் ஜனவரி 16

 Saint Joseph Vaz

புனிதர் ஜோசப் வாஸ் 

இலங்கையின் திருத்தூதர்:

கத்தோலிக்க குரு, மறைப்பணியாளர்:

பிறப்பு: ஏப்ரல் 21, 1651

பெனோலிம், கோவா, போர்ச்சுகீசிய இந்தியா

இறப்பு : ஜனவரி 16, 1711 (வயது 59)

கண்டி, கண்டி இராச்சியம், இலங்கை

ஏற்கும் சமயம்: 

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(இந்தியா, இலங்கை சொற்பொழிவுக்கலை சபை)

அருளாளர் பட்டம்: ஜனவரி 21, 1995

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பவுல்

காலிமுகத்திடல் பூங்கா, கொழும்பு, இலங்கை

புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஜனவரி 14, 2015

திருத்தந்தை ஃபிரான்சிஸ்

காலிமுகத்திடல் பூங்கா, கொழும்பு, இலங்கை

முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்: 

புனித ஜோசப் வாஸ் திருத்தலம்,

முடிப்பு, பன்ட்வால், கர்நாடகா, இந்தியா மற்றும் இலங்கையிலுள்ள மஹாகலகமுவ, கலகமுவ

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: ஜனவரி 16

பாதுகாவல்: இலங்கையும் அந்நாட்டு மக்களும்

தற்போதைய இந்திய மாநிலமான கோவா, அந்நாளில் போர்ச்சுகீசிய பேரரசின்கீழ் இருந்த காலத்தில், புனிதர் ஜோசப் வாஸ், போர்ச்சுகீசிய இந்தியா என்றழைக்கப்பட்ட பகுதியான கோவாவின் “பெனோலிம்” என்னுமிடத்தில் தமது பெற்றோருக்கு பிறந்த ஆறு குழந்தைகளில் மூன்றாவதாகப் பிறந்தவர் ஆவார். இவரது தந்தை “கிரிஸ்டோவாவோ வாஸும்” (Cristóvão Vaz) தாயார் “மரியா டி மிராண்டாவும்” (Maria de Miranda) கத்தோலிக்க விசுவாசமிக்கவர்கள் ஆவர்.

தமது சிறு வயதில் போர்ச்சுகீசிய மொழியில் கல்வி கற்ற இவர், சிறந்த மாணவராகத் திகழ்ந்ததால் ஆசிரியர்களாலும் சக மாணவர்களாலும் மதிக்கப்பட்டார். மேல்படிப்புக்காக கோவா நகர் அனுப்பப்பட்ட வாஸ், “புனித பவுலின் இயேசு சபை கல்லூரியில்” (Jesuit college of St. Paul) சேர்ந்து “சொல்லாட்சி” (Rhetoric) மற்றும் “மனிதநேயம்” (Humanities) ஆகிய பாடங்களில் பட்டம் பெற்றார். மேலும், கோவா நகரின் டோமினிக்கன் சபையினரின் “புனித தோமஸ் அக்குயினாஸின்” (St. Thomas Aquinas') “டொமினிக்கன் கல்லூரியில்” சேர்ந்து (Academy of the Dominicans) தத்துவ ஞான சாஸ்திரம் மற்றும் இறையியல் கற்று தேர்ந்தார்.

கி.பி. 1675ம் ஆண்டு, கோவா உயர்மறைமாவட்டத்தில் திருத்தொண்டராக அருட்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்டார். அடுத்த ஒரு வருடத்தில் கோவா உயர் மறைமாவட்ட பேராயரால் குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்டார். குருத்துவம் பெற்ற உடனேயே அனுபவமிக்க மறைப் பணியாளர்கள் போல நடை பயணமாகவே பல ஊர்களுக்கு பயணித்து மறை போதனை செய்ய ஆரம்பித்தார். குரு மாணவர்களுக்காக "சேன்கோல்" (Sancoale) என்ற இடத்தில் ஒரு இலத்தீன் மொழி பள்ளியைத் நிறுவினார். கி.பி. 1677ம் ஆண்டு, தம்மைத் தாமே "மரியாளின் அடிமை" (Slave of Mary) என்று பிரகடனப்படுத்திக்கொண்டார். அதனை ஒரு உயிலாக பாவித்து சீலிட்ட உரையில் (Deed of Bondage) வைத்து பாதுகாத்தார்.

அந்நாளில், இலங்கையை ஆண்ட போர்ச்சுகீசியர்கள் (Portuguese) நாட்டை 'டச்சு' (Dutch) நாட்டவரிடம் ஒப்படைத்துவிட்டு வெளியேறினர். நாட்டை ஆளத் தொடங்கிய டச்சு நாட்டவர், தமது மத விசுவாசமான "கால்வினசம்" (Calvinism) சபையை ஏற்றுக்கொள்ள மக்களை வற்புறுத்தினர்.

("கால்வினசம்" (Calvinism) என்பது, 'John Calvin' என்பவரால் கத்தோலிக்கத்துக்கு எதிராக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட இறையியல் அமைப்பாகும். இது லூத்தரன் கோட்பாட்டை உள்ளடக்கியதாகும்.)

இந்தியாவின் கோவாவில் பிறந்த புனிதர் ஜோசப் வாஸ், இலங்கையில் கத்தோலிக்க விசுவாசம் டச்சுக்காரர்களால் அடக்குமுறைக்கு உட்படுத்தப்பட்டிருந்த வேளையில், இலங்கைவாழ் கத்தோலிக்கருக்கு சேவை செய்வதற்காக இலங்கை வந்தார். இவர் இலங்கையின் வடக்குப் பிராந்தியங்களில் "யோசேவாஸ் முனீந்திரர்" எனவும் அழைக்கப்பட்டார். பிற்காலத்தில் இவர் கண்டி இராச்சியத்தில் தங்கியிருந்து இலங்கையில் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையை மீளமைத்தார்.

யாழ்ப்பாணம் வருகை:

கி.பி. 1687ம் ஆண்டு, ஏப்ரல் மாதம், யாழ்ப்பாணம் வந்து சேர்ந்தார். அப்போது இலங்கையில் ஆட்சியில் இருந்த டச்சுக்காரர்கள் கால்வினிசத்தைப் (Calvinism) பின்பற்றியவர்கள். எனவே கத்தோலிக்கரையும், குருமாரையும் கொலை செய்தனர். பள்ளிகளைத் தரைமட்டமாக்கினர். இதனால் பிச்சைக்கார வேடத்தில் இலங்கை வந்த அடிகளாருக்கு சில்லாலையூர் மக்கள் புகலிடம் வழங்கினர். அவர் அங்கேயே தங்கி சில்லாலையிலும் அதனைச் சுற்றியுள்ள கிராமங்களிலும் கத்தோலிக்க மக்களுக்கு சேவையாற்றினார். பின்னர் அவர் மாறுவேடத்தில் நடை பயணமாக 24 ஆண்டுகளாகப் வன்னி, புத்தளம், மன்னார், பூநகரி ஆகிய இடங்களுக்கும் சென்று மறை போதகம் செய்தார்.

கண்டிக்கு விஜயம்:

கி.பி. 1692ம் ஆண்டு, கண்டிக்குச் சென்ற வாஸ் அடிகளார், அங்கு ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க விசுவாசத்தை மீண்டும் ஸ்தாபிக்கப் பெருமுயற்சி செய்தார். இதனால் அவர் அங்கு இரண்டாண்டுகள் சிறையிலும் இருக்க நேரிட்டது. கண்டியிலிருந்தே தனது சேவையைத் தொடர்ந்த வாஸ் அடிகள் கி.பி. 1696ம் ஆண்டு, இலங்கையின் (Vicar-General) பதவியைப் பெற்றார். கி.பி. 1710ம் ஆண்டில் மட்டக்களப்பு தாண்டவன்வெளி பரிசுத்த வியாகுலமாதா ஆலய வளவில் சிறு ஓலைக் கோயில் கட்டித் திருப்பலி ஒப்புக் கொடுக்கும்போது காட்டிக் கொடுக்கப்பட்டு மரத்தில் கட்டி அடிக்கப்பட்டார். கி.பி. 1711ம் ஆண்டில் கண்டியில் காலமானார்.

தமிழருக்கும் சிங்களவருக்கும் பணி:

வாஸ் அடிகளார் இலங்கை நாட்டில் தமிழ் மக்கள் மற்றும் சிங்கள மக்கள் மத்தியில் பணியாற்றினார் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது. அவர் திருவிவிலியத்தை தமிழ், சிங்களம் ஆகிய இரு மொழிகளிலும் மொழிபெயர்த்தார். அவ்விரு மொழிகளிலும் மக்கள் கடவுளை வழிபடுவதற்கான நூல்களையும் இயற்றினார்.

மடு நகரில் அமைந்துள்ள அன்னை மரியாள் ஆலயத்தைப் புதுப்பித்துக் கட்டுவதற்கு வாஸ் அடிகளார் துணைபுரிந்தார். மேலும், கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்தை இலங்கையில் பரப்புகையில், அந்தந்த மக்களின் பண்பாட்டுப் பாணிகளை மதிக்க வேண்டும் என்பதிலும் அவர் கவனமாயிருந்தார். மொழி, இன வேறுபாடுகளைக் களைந்து, கடவுள் நம்பிக்கையில் மக்கள் வளர வேண்டும் என்பது அவருடைய குறிக்கோளாக இருந்தது.

கத்தோலிக்கர்களுக்கு இவர் ஆற்றிய அரும்பணிகளுக்காக இவர் இலங்கையின் திருத்தூதர் என அழைக்கப்பட்டார். 

வழக்கமாக புனிதர் பட்டமளிப்புக்கு தேவைப்படும் இரண்டாம் புதுமையினை வேண்டாம் என்று திருத்தந்தை ஃபிரான்சிஸ், வாஸ் அடிகளாருக்கு விதிவிலக்கு அளித்தார் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

இலங்கையில் புனிதர் பட்டம் பெற்ற முதல் புனிதர் இவரேயாவார். இந்த நிகழ்வில் திருத்தந்தையிடம் ஆசிர் பெறுவதற்காக 4 இலட்சத்திற்கும் மேற்பட்ட மக்கள் பெருந்திரளாகக் கலந்துகொண்டனர்.

Also known as

• Apostle of Ceylon

• Apostle of Sri Lanka




Profile

Born to Christopher Vaz and Maria de Miranda, Christian parents of the Konkani Brahmin caste; the third of six children. Attended primary and secondary school in Sancoale, where he learned Portugese, and Benaulim, where he learned Latin. He studied humanities at the Jesuit Goa University, philosophy and theology at Saint Thomas Aquinas Academy.


Ordained in 1676. Preacher and confessor. Opened a Latin school in Sancoale for perspective seminarians. Always devoted to Our Lady, in 1677 he consecrated himself as a "slave of Mary," sealing it with a document known as his "Letter of Enslavement".


About this time Joseph learned of the condition of Catholics in Ceylon; persecuted by the Dutch, they had had no priests for 50 years. He sought permission to work in Ceylon, but was asked to go to the mission in Kanara. He accepted, but his thoughts and heart were in Ceylon. Vicar of Vara in Kanara, preaching, hearing confessions, visiting the sick, helping the poor, ransoming Christian slaves, working to settle jurisictional disputes that interfered with the sacraments.


Meanwhile, a small congregation of priests had formed in Goa with the Church of the Holy Cross of Miracles as their residence. Joseph joined and was elected superior. He gave a definitive canonical status to this Oratory, introduced religious exercises and charitable activities, and trained its members for the mission. In 1686 he gave up his position, and set out for Ceylon. Disguised as an itinerant worker, he reached the port of Tuticorin on Easter 1687, and then the Dutch stronghold of Jaffna in the north of the Ceylon.


He suffered from acute dysentery, contracted from the terrible travelling conditions, and upon recovery he began his mission by contacting Catholics and hiding from the Dutch. He was taken in by a courageous Catholic, and ministered to his secret flock by night. One step ahead of the authorities, in 1689 he went to the Catholic village of Sillalai and began ministering to folks in surrounding villages.


In 1690 Joseph moved on to Puttalam in the Kingdom of Kandy, where 1,000 Catholics had not seen a priest for half a century. He decided to make Kandy the centre of his apostolate, and in 1692 he left for there, hoping to obtain royal permission to travel freely. Instead, he was preceded by Calvinist accusations of being a Portugese spy, and was imprisoned with two other Catholics. There he learned Sinhala, the local language, and since the prison guards left the prisoners alone as long as they didn't try to escape, he built a hut-church and later a proper church dedicated to Our Lady, and began converting other prisoners.


In 1696 the Kingdom of Kandy was suffering a serious drought, and the king asked the Buddhist monks to pray to their gods for rain; there was no rain. He then turned to Joseph who erected an altar and cross in the middle of the square and prayed; abundant rain began to fall, while Joseph and his altar stayed dry. The king granted Joseph license to preach throughout the kingdom.


Making the most of his new-found freedom, he made a mission visit to the Dutch zone and visited Catholics in Colombo. Three missionaries from the Oratory of Goa arrived in 1697 to help him with the news that Don Pedro Pacheco, Bishop of Cochin, had appointed him Vicar General in Ceylon. He was organizing the basic mission structure when smallpox broke out in Kandy. His work with the sick convinced the king to allow Father Joseph every possible freedom in his labours.


Joseph carried his mission to the main centres of the island. He returned to Kandy in 1699 with Father Joseph de Carvalho who had been expelled at the instigation of Buddhist monks. He completed the construction of his new church, and went into service for the king, translating Portuguese books into Sinhala. From this vantage point, he intensified his ministry, and converted some Sinhalese notables, which gave rise to slanders against him and persecution of converts.


New missionaries arrived in 1705, which enabled him to organize the mission into eight districts, each led by a priest. He worked on the creation of a Catholic literature comparable to that of the Buddhists, and to affirm the rights of Catholics with the Dutch Protestant Government.


King Vimaldharna Surya II, Father Joseph's mentor, died in 1707, but Narendrasimha, his successor, was an even greater supporter. New missionaries arrived in 1708, and in 1710, despite health problems, Joseph took another apostolic trip. On his return, he fell ill from his carriage, and reached Kandy in serious condition. Though he recovered from a series of infections and fevers over the next year, age, work, and disease had finally worn him out. He undertook nine days of spiritual exercises prescribed by the Rule, but before the seventh day, he was called home to God.



Born

21 April 1651 at Benaulim, Salcette, Goa, India


Died

• late night 17 January 1711 at Kandy, Sri Lanka of natural causes

• due to the size of the crowds of mourners, his body had to be exposed for three days

• buried in the church in Kandy


Canonized

• 17 September 2014 by Pope Francis (papal confirmation of plenary session sentence; his Cause had been investigated since 1737)

• 20 October 2014 by Pope Francis (consistory for canonization)

• 14 January 2015 by Pope Francis (recognition celebration in Galle Face Green park, Colombo, Sri Lanka)


Patronage

archdiocese of Goa and Damão, India



Blessed Gonzalo de Amarante


Also known as

Gonçalo, Gonzalvus, Gundisalvus


Additional Memorial

10 January (Dominicans)



Profile

Born to a wealthy, high-ranking family. Upon his ordination, he transferred his great wealth to his newphews, and spent 14 years in pilgrimage through the Holy Lands; his family did not recognize him when he returned, and his nephew set the dogs on him. Dominican friar. Received permission from his superiors to live as a hermit near Amaranthe, Portugal. Built a bridge over the Tamega River, mainly with his own hands.


Many wonderful incidents are told of Blessed Gonzalo. Among them


• As he was being carried to the baptismal font as an infant, he fixed his eyes on the church's crucifix with a look of extraordinary love.


• He was directed to the Dominicans by a supernatural directive that he should join the Order in which the Office began and ended with the Ave Maria.


• When workers who helped briefly with his bridge building ran out of wine, Gonzalo prayed, smacked a rock with a stick, it split open, and wine poured out.


• When the workers ran out of food, Gonzalo went to the water, called out, and fish jumped onto the river bank to feed them.


• During a homily, in which he wanted to show the horror of exclusion from the Church, he 'excommunicated' a basket of bread; the loaves immediately became black, rotted and inedible. When he removed the 'excommunication' a few minutes later, the bread became fresh and wholesome again.


Born

1187 at Vizella, diocese of Braga, Portugal


Died

10 January 1259 of natural causes


Beatified

1560 by Pope Pius IV


Representation

• Dominican with Saint Francis of Assisi

• Dominican with Saint Bernardine of Siena

• with the Christ Child, holding a ball, shining light on him

• Dominican holding a monastery in his hand

• Dominican giving food to beggars


Prayers

God of mercy and compassion, in your grace Blessed Gonsalvo came to love your holy name and served you in the solitary life. By the help of his prayer and the grace of the Spirit may we keep you in our thoughts and with burning zeal do what is pleasing to you. We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. - General Calendar of the Order of Preachers



Blessed Giuseppe Antonio Tovini


Profile

Eldest of seven children born to Moses and Rosa Malaguzzi; uncle and god-father of Blessed Mose Tovini. Studied law at the University of Padua, and worked at a firm in Lovere, Italy. Teacher and deputy director of a local college. Moved to diocese of Brescia, Italy in 1864. Mayor of Cividate Camuno, Italy from 1871 to 1874 where he worked to improve public construction. Married to Emilia Corbolani in the church of Saint Agatha in Brescia on 6 January 1875; father of ten, two of whom became nuns, and one a Jesuit. Member of the Secular Franciscans. Founded the Catholic newspaper Il Cittadino di Brescia (The City of Brescia) in 1878. President of the diocesan Committee of the Opera dei Congressi. Municipal and provincial councilor in Brescia where he worked to defend and help the poor and alienated. Founded the Saint Joseph Kindergarten and the College of Venerable A Luzzago in 1882. Founded the Banco Ambrosiano in Milan, Italy in 1888. Founded the Banca Santa Paolo in Brescia in 1888. Founded the Society for the Preservation of the Faith in Italian Schools in 1890. Founded the journal Faith and School in 1891. Help found an insurance company for Catholic teachers. Helped founded the Union Leone XIII to support the faith of students in university in Brescia, and worked support similar groups in other schools. Founded the magazine Modern Italian School in 1893. Founded the weekly journal La Voce del Popolo in 1893. Helped the Canossian sisters found a teaching college in Cividate Camuno in 1894. Supported the Catholic University Federation, and the creation of Catholic universities in Italy.



Born

14 March 1841 in Cividate Camuno, Brescia, Italy


Died

• 16 January 1897 in Brescia, Italy of natural causes

• re-interred in the Church of Saint Luke in Brescia on 10 September 1922


Beatified

• 20 September 1998 by Pope John Paul II

• the beatification miracle involved the healing of a nun in the monastery of the Visitation of Holy Mary of Massa and Cozzile in Potenza, Italy



Saint Fursey of Péronne


Also known as

• Fursey of Lagny

• Fursa, Furseo, Furse, Fursae, Fursu, Fulsey, Furseus



Profile

Son of an Irish prince. Related to Saint Foillan and Saint Ultan of Péronne. Educated by Saint Brendan the Voyager. Priest. Abbot of a house at Rathmat, Ireland. Preached, evangelized, and established monasteries in Ireland for twelve years. Evangelized in England, building monasteries. Evangelized in France, working with Saint Blitharius; they had great success. Clovis, king of the Franks, received him, and asked that he build a house at Lagny, France. Raised the young son of a court nobleman from the dead. Given to ecstacies and trances during which he received visions of a immense struggle between good and evil, with glimpses of heaven and hell. The visions were described in the aptly named Visions of Fursey, and had a great effect on such works as Dante's Divine Comedy. Bede wrote extensively and glowingly of Fursey. His image is on the banner of the city of Peronne, France.


Born

c.567 at Munster, Ireland


Died

• 648 at Mezerolles, France

• buried at Peronne, Picardy, France

• when his relics were translated in 654, his body was found incorrupt

• relics re-translated in 1056

• relics re-translated in 1256

• miracles reported at his tomb

• most relics destroyed in the French Revolution


Patronage

Peronne, France


Representation

• abbot raising a young nobleman from the dead

• abbot in an ecstastic trance

• priest in a trance with spectral images hovering nearby

• man with two oxen at his feet

• striking water from the soil at Lagny with the point of his staff

• watching a vision of angels

• watching the flames of purgatory and hell




Pope Saint Marcellus I

புனித_மார்செல்லஸ் (-309)

இவர் உரோமையின் ஆயராக இருந்தவர். உரோமை ஆண்ட தியோகிளசியன் என்ற மன்னன் திருஅவையைப் பலவாறாகச் சித்திரவதை செய்து ஓய்ந்த பின், 308 ஆம் ஆண்டு இவர் திருத்தந்தையாக உயர்ந்தார்.

இவர் திருத்தந்தையாக உயர்ந்தபின் திருஅவையை மீண்டுமாகக் கட்டியெழுப்பினார். குறிப்பாக இவர் உயிருக்கு அஞ்சித் திருஅவையை விட்டு வெளியேறிய மக்களை மன்னித்து திருஅவையில் ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார். 

ஒருசிலர் இவருக்கு எதிராகக் கிளர்ந்தெழுந்தார்கள். அவர்கள் அப்பொழுது உரோமையை ஆண்ட மாக்ஸெண்டியூஸ் என்ற மன்னனிடம் இவரைப் பற்றிச் சொல்ல,  அவன் இவரை நாடு கடத்தினான். அங்கு அவர் பலவிதமான கொடுமைகளுக்கு உள்ளாகி, இறுதியில் கொலை செய்யப்பட்டார்.

இவர் கிபி 309 ஆம் ஆண்டு கொல்லப்பட்டார் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

Also known as

Marcel, Marcelo



Profile

Nothing of his life before the papacy has survived the centuries. Pope at the end of the persecutions of Diocletian; the persecutions had so disrupted the Church that there had been a gap of over a year with no Pope. Faced reconsituting the clergy which had been decimated and whose remnant had practiced their vocation covertly and with the expectation of martyrdom. Worked to recover and welcome back those who had denied the faith to keep from being murdered.


When a group of the apostacized, known as the Lapsi, refused to do penance, Marcellus refused to allow their return to the Church. This group had some political pull, and some caused such civil disruption that Emperor Maxentius exiled the Pope in order to settle the matter. Legend says that Marcellus was forced to work as a stable slave as punishment, but this appears to be fiction. Considered a martyr as he died of the terrible conditions he suffered in exile.


Papal Ascension

May-June 308


Died

• 309

• initially buried in the cemetery of Saint Priscilla in Rome, Italy

• relics later translated to beneath the altar of San Marcello al Corso church in Rome where they remain today


Patronage

stablemen


Representation

• pope with a donkey or horse nearby

• pope standing in a stable



Blessed Juana Maria Condesa Lluch


Also known as

Joanna Maria Condesa Lluch



Profile

Born into a wealthy and pious family, she received a good secular and Christian education. Even as a child Juana was devoted to the Holy Eucharist and Our Lady, and felt a call to serve. As she grew she developed a deep prayer life, felt a call to religious life, and a need to help factory workers who lived in horrible, de-humanizing and life-shortening conditions of 19th century industrialization.


Cardinal Antolín Monescillo, archbishop of Valencia initially refused her permission to found a religious congregation, saying she was too young. But in 1884 she received permission to open a shelter to provide material and spiritual assistance to factory workers and their families. Soon after she opened a school for their children, and other young women felt a call to help in the work. They formed the basis for the Congregation of the Handmaids of the Immaculate Conception, Protectress of Workers which she founded in Valencia, Spain. They are teachers, spiritual directors and protectors of the poor, especially young working women. The Congregation received diocesan approval in 1892, temporary papal approval from Pope Pius XI on 14 April 1937, and definitive approval on 27 January 1947 from Pope Pius XII.


Born

30 March 1862 in Valencia, Spain


Died

16 January 1916 in Valencia, Spain of natural causes


Beatified

23 March 2003 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Honoratus of Arles

ஆர்லஸ் நகர் ஆயர் ஹோனோராடுஸ் Honoratus von Arles

பிறப்பு 

4 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு, 

காலியன் Gallien அல்லது டிரியர் Trier, ஜெர்மனி

இறப்பு 

16 ஜனவரி 429

பாதுகாவல்: மழை, விபத்துகளிலிருந்து

ஹோனோராடூஸ் 410 ஆம் ஆண்டு பிரான்சு நாட்டிலுள்ல லேரின்ஸ் தீவில் Lerins Insel மிக அழகானதொரு துறவற இல்லம் ஒன்றை கட்டினார். அவர் கட்டிய அக்கட்டிடத்தில் உள்ள பொருட்களைப்போல, இவ்வுலகம் முழுவதும் தேடியபோதும் அவ்வழகான பொருள் கிடைக்கவில்லை என்று கூறப்படுகின்றது. அவ்வில்லமானது புனித ஹோனோராட் என்ற பெயரில் அழைக்கப்படுகின்றது. அத்துறவற இல்லமானது மிக அற்புதமான அழகாக இருந்ததால் உலகின் எப்பகுதியில் வாழும் மக்களும், அதன் அழகைக் கண்டு ரசிக்க சென்றனர். இதனால் அவரே, அவ்வில்லத்தைப்பற்றி எடுத்துரைப்பவராக மாறினார். பின்னர் அவ்வில்லமானது புகழ்வாய்ந்து திகழ்ந்ததால் திருச்சபையின் தேவைக்காக பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது. இவர் அவ்வில்லத்திலேயே தங்கி, இறையியலை கற்றார். மிகச் சிறந்த கலைஞரான இவர் 426 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஆர்லஸ் நகரின் ஆயராக தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். இவர் தாம் எழுப்பிய துறவற மடத்திற்கென்று ஒரு சில ஒழுங்குகளை தம் கைப்பட எழுதியுள்ளார். இவர் ஏறக்குறைய 3 ஆண்டுகள் மட்டுமே ஆயராக பணியாற்றினார். இவர் இறந்து பல ஆண்டுகள் கழித்து 1788 ஆம் ஆண்டு இவரின் கல்லறை மேல் ஆலயம் ஒன்று கட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது.

Also known as

Honorat, Honore


Profile

Son of a Roman consul, and raised as a pagan. Converted to Christianity as a young man. Friend of Saint Caprasius; brother of Saint Venantius. Lived and studied monasticism in Greece, Egypt and Palestine. When he returned to France, he founded the abbey of Lérins on the isle of the same name off the coast of Provence, France. Abbot of the house. In 426 he was ordered to accept the archbishopric of Arles, Gaul (modern France). Teacher of Saint Hilary of Arles, who served as secretary of Honoratus. Worked against the Arian and Manichaean heresies, and re-established orthodoxy.



Born

c.350 in northern Gaul


Died

• January 429 of natural causes

• relics at Lérins


Patronage

• against drought

• against misfortune

• against rain

• for rain


Representation

• bishop drawing water from a rock with his mitre nearby

• bishop on Lérins with a phoenix nearby

• driving snakes from Lérins

• overseeing the construction of the abbey at Lérins



Saint Berardes of Morocco

கார்பியோ நகர் புனிதர் பெரார்ட் மற்றும் நண்பர்கள் 

மறைப்பணியாளர், குரு, மறைசாட்சி:

பிறப்பு: தெரியவில்லை

கார்பியோ, ஊம்ப்ரியா, திருத்தந்தையர் மாநிலங்கள்

இறப்பு: ஜனவரி 16, 1220

மொரோக்கோ

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஆகஸ்ட் 7, 1481

திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் சிக்ஸ்டஸ்

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

திருச்சிலுவை துறவு மடம், கோய்ம்ப்ரா, போர்ச்சுகல்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஜனவரி 16

புனிதர் பெரார்ட் (Berard of Carbio), மற்றும் இவரது நான்கு தோழர்களும், பதின்மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்து, கிறிஸ்தவ மறையை பரப்பும் தமது முயற்சிக்காக, “வடக்கு ஆபிரிக்காவிலுள்ள” (North Africa) “மொரோக்கோ” (Kingdom of Morocco) அரசில் மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்ட “ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையின்” (Franciscan Friars) துறவியர் ஆவர். இவர்களை, ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபை தமது “முதல் மறைசாட்சியாக” (Protomartyrs) ஏற்றுக்கொண்டது.

பாரம்பரியப்படி, பெரார்ட், இத்தாலியின் இருபது பிராந்தியங்களில் ஒன்றான “ஊம்ப்ரியாவின்” (Umbria) “கார்பியோ” (Carbio) எனுமிடத்தின் வாசி ஆவார். இவர், “லியோபர்டி” (Leopardi) என்றழைக்கப்படும் பிரபுத்துவ குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தவர் ஆவார்.

“அசிசியின் புனிதர் ஃபிரான்சிஸ்” (St. Francis of Assisi) அவர்களால் புதிதாக நிறுவப்பட்ட “ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன்” சபையில் கி.பி. 1213ம் ஆண்டு இணைத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்டார்.

அரபி மொழி நன்கு அறிந்திருந்த இவர், சொல்திறன் மிக்க வல்லமை வாய்ந்த பிரசங்கியாவார். அசிசியின் புனிதர் ஃபிரான்சிஸ், இவரையும், “பீட்டர்” (Peter) மற்றும் “ஒத்தோ” (Otho) ஆகிய இரண்டு குருக்களையும், “அக்குர்சியஸ்” (Accursius) மற்றும் “அட்ஜுடஸ்” (Adjutus) ஆகிய இரண்டு பொதுநிலையினரையும், கிழக்கே சமய நம்பிக்கையற்றவர்களுக்கு (Infidels of the East) மறைப்பணியாற்ற தேர்ந்தெடுத்தார்.

கி.பி. 1219ம் ஆண்டு நடந்த ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபை துறவியரின் இரண்டாம் பொது சங்கத்தின் (Second General Chapter of the Franciscan friars) முடிவில், தமது சபையின் அப்போஸ்தல பணிகளை இத்தாலி தீபகற்பம் மற்றும் வடக்கு ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளில் பரவச் செய்யும் நேரம் வந்துவிட்டதாக அசிசியின் புனிதர் ஃபிரான்சிஸ் எண்ணினார். ஆகவே, பெரார்ட் மற்றும் அவரது தோழர்கள், மொராக்கோவின் மறைப்பணிகளில் பிரசங்கிக்க வேண்டுமென்ற அவர்களது கோரிக்கையை அவர் மனமுவந்து ஏற்றுக்கொண்டு சம்மதித்தார்.

இத்தாலியிலிருந்து கடல் பயணம் மேற்கொண்ட மறைப்பணியாளர்கள் ஐவரும், “அண்டலூசியாவின் தன்னாட்சி சமூகத்தின்” (Autonomous Community of Andalusia) தலைநகரான “செவில்” (Seville) சென்றடைந்தனர். இஸ்லாமிய ஆட்சி நடந்துகொண்டிருந்த அங்கே, அவர்களது பிரசங்கம் வெற்றிபெறவில்லை. “ஸ்பெயின்” (Spain) மற்றும் “போர்ச்சுகல்” (Portugal) நாடுகளில் சில காலம் தங்கியிருந்த பிறகு, அவர்கள் “மொரோக்கோ அரசுக்கு” (Kingdom of Morocco) பயணித்தனர்.

மறைப்பணியாளர்கள் ஐவரில் பெரார்ட் மட்டுமே அரபி மொழி அறிந்திருந்தாலும், வெளிப்படையாக நற்செய்தியை அவர்கள் அறிவித்த விதமும், இஸ்லாம் மதத்தை கண்டனம் செய்த அவர்களது தைரியமும், விரைவிலேயே அவர்களை பித்துப் பிடித்தவர்களாக பார்க்க வைத்தது. எனினும், அவர்களது பிரசங்கம் வெளிப்படையானதாக இருந்த போதினும், அவர்கள் பிரசங்கிப்பதை நிறுத்தவோ, அல்லது ஓடிப்போகவோ இல்லை. அவர்களனைவரும் கைது செய்யப்பட்டு சிறையில் அடைக்கப்பட்டனர்.

கத்தோலிக்க விசுவாசத்தை கைவிடுமாறு செய்யப்பட்ட வற்புறுத்தல்களும் முயற்சிகளும் வீண்போயின. கோபத்தின் உச்சத்துக்குச் சென்ற முஸ்லிம் அரசன், பெரார்ட் உள்ளிட்ட மறைப்பணியாளர்கள் அனைவரையும் தமது கொடுவாளால் (Scimitar) தலையை துண்டித்துக் கொன்றான்.

போர்ச்சுகலுக்கு திரும்ப கொண்டுவரப்பட்ட அவர்களனைவரின் உடல்களும் புனித செயல்முறைகளுடன் அங்கிருந்து “அசிசி” (Assisi) கொண்டுசெல்லப்பட்டன. தமது மடாலயத்திலிருந்து இதனைப் பார்த்துக்கொண்டிருந்த ஒரு இளம் குருவானவர், மடாலயத்திலிருந்த பாதுகாப்புகளையும் மீறி, அசிசி (Assisi) பயணித்து ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையில் சேர்ந்தார். அவரே, பதுவையின் புனிதர் அந்தோனியார் (St. Anthony of Padua) ஆவார்.

Also known as

• Berardes of Carbio

• Berard, Berardo, Beraldus



Profile

Born to the Italian nobility. Franciscan monk accepted into the order by Saint Francis of Assisi himself in 1213. Priest. Preacher. Spoke Arabic. Leader of a party (with Peter, Otho, Accursius, and Adjutus) sent by Saint Francis to preach to Muslims in Morocco. Upon arrival, they began preaching in the market place. They were immediately arrested and ordered to stop. When the group continued to preach, they were beaten. When they refused to renouce Christ, the sultan beheaded them. They are believed to be the first Franciscan martyrs. Upon viewing their relics, young Anthony of Padua was moved to join the Franciscans and set off to preach in Morocco.


Born

at Carbio, Umbria, Italy


Died

• beheaded on 16 January 1220 in Morocco

• relics were ransomed, and are now in the monastery of the Holy Cross in Coimbra, Portugal


Canonized

1481 by Pope Sixtus IV




Saint Titian of Oderzo


Also known as

• Titian of Venice

• Tiziano of Oderzo



Profile

Born to the Italian nobility. Educated by Bishop Floriano of Oderzo, Italy. Priest. Treasurer of the diocese of Oderzo. Noted for his charity. When Floriano was assigned to another diocese, Titian was chosen by popular acclaim as the reluctant new bishop of Oderzo; he tried to get Floriano to return, but eventually took over the see. He was a model of religious life and shepherd to his people, noted for his ability as a preacher. Fought against Arianism.


Born

Heraclea, Italy


Died

• 16 January 632 in Oderzo, Italy of natural causes

• buried in the cathedral of Oderzo, which no longer exists

• relics re-interred in a bronze Byzantine sarcophagus in Vittorio Veneto


Canonized

Pre-Congregation; cultus known to have been active in the 8th century


Patronage

• Oderzo, Italy, city of

• Oderzo, Italy, diocese of

• Vittorio Veneto, Italy



Blessed James of Luino


Also known as

• James de Leuteri

• James of Eleuterii

• Giacomo


Profile

Born to the Italian nobility, he spent the early part of his life managing his family's business. At age 40 he became a Carmelite lay brother at the abbey of Melegnano, Italy. He and two other lay brothers retured to the family estates in Luino, Italy in 1475 to build a chapel to Our Lady of Mount Carmel. James dedicated himself to the spiritual and physical care of local people; he was known for his gift of healing by prayer and of turning stones into bread.


Born

c.1416 in Luino, Italy


Died

• 1477 in Luino, Italy of natural causes

• witnesses report that as he died, the candles all around the room suddenly lit on their own

• buried in the church of Saint Peter in Luino

• relics transferred to a new parish church in Luino in 1578

• grave re-discovered in 1834 and the relics moved to the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary he had helped to build



Saint Sigeberht of East Anglia


Profile

While exiled from East Anglia to France during the reign of King Redwald, Sigeberht converted to Christianity. He returned to East Anglia as king in 630, the first Christian king of the region. Worked with Archbishop Honorius of Canterbury and Saint Fursey to bring Christianity to his subjects. Helped found churches, schools and monasteries. After a short reign, he abdicated in favour of Ecgric and retired to become a monk. When Mercia invaded East Anglia, Sigeberht was taken against his will from his monastery to the battle field in hopes that he would rally the army; he refused to carry a weapon or fight, and was killed by the pagan King Penda of Mercia. Venerated in East Anglia as a martyr.


Born

6th century East Anglia (part of modern England)


Died

murdered in 635 in East Anglia, England



Saint Accursies of Morocco


Also known as

Accursius



Profile

Franciscan Friar Minor. Saint Francis of Assisi to evangelize the Moors of the West. He and his fellow missionaries preached in Italy, Aragon, Coimbra, Seville, and finally in Morocco, where they were banished and, upon their return, martyred.


Died

• 16 January 1220 in Morocco by being scourged till his ribs appeared bare, having burning oil and vinegar poured into the wounds, body rolled on sharp stones and potsherds, then his head split by a sword

• relics were ransomed, and are now in the monastery of the Holy Cross in Coimbra, Portugal


Canonized

1481 by Pope Sixtus IV


Representation

sword



Saint Dana of Leuca


Also known as

• Dana of Aulana

• Dana of Aulon

• Dana of Vlore

• Danacte, Danacto, Danatte, Danax, Donato, Donatus



Additional Memorial

24 January (Armenian)


Profile

Immigrant to and deacon in Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy. When the port town was invaded, Dana gathered up the sacred vessels and scriptures and ran inland; he managed to consume the consecrated Hosts to prevent them from being profaned. Ordered to sacrifice wine to the pagan god Bacchus, Dana refused. Martyr.


Born

6th century Vlora, Albania


Died

• hacked to death with swords near Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy

• body parts thrown into the sea



Blessed Louis-Antoine-Rose Ormières Lacase



Profile

Priest in the diocese of Carcassonne, France. Founder of the Congregation of the Guardian Angel Sisters.



Born

14 July 1809 in Quillan, Aude, France


Died

16 January 1890 in Gijon, Asturias, Spain of natural causes


Beatified

• 22 April 2017 by Pope Francis

• the beatification miracle involved the cure from maxillofacial cancer of one of the Spanish sisters of the Guardian Angel

• the beatification recognition was celebrated in Oviedo, Spain by Cardinal Angelo Amato



Saint Peter of Morocco


Profile

Franciscan Friar Minor. Saint Francis of Assisi to evangelize the Moors of the West. He and his fellow missionaries preached in Italy, Aragon, Coimbra, Seville, and finally in Morocco, where they were banished and, upon their return, martyred.



Died

• 16 January 1220 in Morocco by being scourged till his ribs appeared bare, having burning oil and vinegar poured into the wounds, body rolled on sharp stones and potsherds, then his heads split by a sword

• relics were ransomed, and are now in the monastery of the Holy Cross in Coimbra, Portugal


Canonized

1481 by Pope Sixtus IV



Saint Otto of Morocco


Profile

Franciscan Friar Minor. Saint Francis of Assisi to evangelize the Moors of the West. He and his fellow missionaries preached in Italy, Aragon, Coimbra, Seville, and finally in Morocco, where they were banished and, upon their return, martyred.



Died

• 16 January 1220 in Morocco by being scourged till his ribs appeared bare, having burning oil and vinegar poured into the wounds, body rolled on sharp stones and potsherds, then his heads split by a sword

• relics were ransomed, and are now in the monastery of the Holy Cross in Coimbra, Portugal


Canonized

1481 by Pope Sixtus IV



Blessed Joan of Bagno di Romagna


Also known as

Giovanna, Jeanne


Additional Memorial

13 February (Camaldolese menology)



Profile

Camaldolese nun. Friend of Saint Agnes of Bagno di Romagna.


Born

Tuscany, Italy


Died

• 16 January 1105 at Bagno di Romagna, Forli, Italy of natural causes

• at the moment of her death the local church bells all rang spontaneously


Beatified

15 April 1823 by Pope Pius VII (cultus confirmation)


Patronage

Bagno di Romagna, Italy


Representation

lily



Saint Henry of Coquet


Also known as

• Henry of Cocket

• Henry the Dane


Profile

Drawn to religious life from an early age, Henry sailed to England to live as a hermit on Coquet (Cocket) Island off Northumberland without the pressure of family and friends who wanted him to forego such devotions. Never joined any order, but lived under the direction of the monks at Tynemouth, England.


Born

11th century Denmark


Died

• 16 January 1127 on Coquet Island, England of natural causes

• buried in the church of Blessed Virgin at Tynemouth, England



Blessed Konrad II of Mondsee


Also known as

• Konrad Bosinlother

• Conrad...


Profile

Benedictine monk at Siegburg Abbey. Abbot of Mondsee in Upper Austria in 1127. When some nobles seized property belonging to his monastery, Konrad demanded that it be returned; the nobles had him killed. His brother monks considered him a martyr as he died for defending his monastery.


Born

c.1100 at Trier, Germany


Died

• murdered in Oberwang, Austria in 1145

• relics in the church of the Mondsee Abbey



Saint James of Tarentaise


Also known as

• Apostle of Savoy

• James the Syrian

• James the Assyrian

• Giacomo


Profile

Soldier in the imperial Persian army. Convert to Christianity. Monk. Spiritual student of Saint Honoratus at Lérins in France. Missionary to the Savoy region. First bishop of Moûtiers, France in 426. Known as a miracle worker.


Born

Syrian


Died

16 January 429 in Arles, France



Saint Honoratus of Fondi


Profile

Sixth century Benedictine monk. Founder and abbot of the monastery at Fondi, southern Italy. Pope Saint Gregory the Great wrote a brief biography of him.



Patronage

Fondi, Italy



Saint Priscilla of Rome


Profile


Married to Manius Acilius Glabrio. Mother of Senator Pudens. Supported Saint Peter the Apostle in his work in Rome, Italy, her villa near the Roman catacombs serving as Peter's headquarters.



Saint Dunchaid O'Braoin


Profile

Hermit. Abbot on Clanmocnoise, near Westmeath, Ireland c.969. In his last years he retired from abbacy to resume the life of a hermit at Armagh, Ireland.


Born

in Westmeath, Ireland


Died

988 in Armagh, Ireland of natural causes



Saint Triverius


Also known as

Trivier, Triviero, Troverio


Profile

Known as a spiritual child. Hermit near the monastery of Thérouanne, and then at Dombes at a young age. The French village of Saint Trivier is named for him.


Born

Neustria, Gaul (in modern France)


Died

550 of natural causes



Saint Valerius of Sorrento


Profile

Hermit for many years near Sorrento, Italy. Reluctant bishop of Sorrento, chosen by the people of that city due to his wisdom and piety.


Died

453 of natual causes


Patronage

Sorrento, Italy



Saint Melas of Rhinocolura


Profile

Bishop of Rhinocolura on the Mediterranean Sea near the boundary between Egypt and Palestine. Imprisoned and tortured by Arian heretics.


Died

385



Saint Leobazio


Also known as

Leobato


Profile

Fifth-century monk. Spiritual student of Saint Urso. Abbot of Saint Orso Sénevière abbey in Lugdunense, Gaul (in modern France).



Saint Liberata of Pavia


Profile

Sister of Saint Honorata and Saint Ephiphanius of Pavia. Nun.


Born

Pavia, Italy



Also celebrated but no entry yet


• Adjute of Morocco

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் ஜனவரி 15

St. Beauch (Bagug)


Feastday: January 15


martyred at Tina (Kau) in Kemet. Sentenced at Antinoe by order of Arrhianus.


St. Paul the Hermit

 புனிதர் வனத்துச் சின்னப்பர் 

முதல் வனவாச துறவி:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 227

எகிப்து (Egypt)

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 342

புனித வனத்து சின்னப்பர் துறவு மடம், எகிப்து

ஏற்கும் சமயம்: 

கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

ஓரியண்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபைகள்

முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்: 

புனித வனத்து சின்னப்பர் துறவு மடம், எகிப்து

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: ஜனவரி 15

சித்தரிக்கப்படும் வகை: 

இரண்டு சிங்கம், ஈச்ச மரம், காகம்

பாதுகாவல்: 

சென் ஃபேபுலோ நகர், பிலிப்பைன்ஸ்

முதலாம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்த புனிதர் வனத்து சின்னப்பர், வனவாசம் செய்த முதல் கிறிஸ்தவ துறவி ஆவார். தமது பதினாறு வயது முதல், நூற்றுப் பதின்மூன்று வயதுவரை பாலைவனங்களில் தனிமையில் துறவு வாழ்க்கை வாழ்ந்தவராவார்.

இவரது சரித்திரம், புனிதர் ஜெரோம் அவர்களால் கி.பி. சுமார் 375 அல்லது 376ம் ஆண்டுகளில் இலத்தீன் மொழியில் எழுதப்பட்டது. இவர் எகிப்து நாட்டின் "தெபெய்த்" (Thebaid of Egypt) என்னும் பழங்கால நகரில் பிறந்தவர் ஆவார். இவருக்கு ஒரு சகோதரி இருந்தார். அவர் திருமணமானவர் ஆவார். இவர்களுடைய பெற்றோர் ஏற்கனவே இறந்து போய்விட்டார்கள்.

கி. பி. 250ம் ஆண்டு, அரசர்கள் “தேசியஸ்” (Decius) மற்றும் “வலேரியனஸ்” (Valerianus) ஆகியோர் கிறிஸ்தவர்களுக்கு எதிரான வேத கலகத்தை தொடங்கியபோது, பவுலின் மைத்துனர் இவரது பங்கு சொத்துக்களை அபகரிக்கும் நோக்கில், இவரை கலகக்காரர்களிடம் காட்டிக்கொடுக்க எண்ணினார்.

இதனை அறிந்துகொண்ட பவுல் தன் உடைமை அனைத்தையும் சகோதரியிடமும் மைத்துனரிடமும் விட்டுவிட்டு "தெபேன்" பாலைவனத்துக்கு (Theban desert) ஓடிப்போனார். அங்கே ஒரு மலைக் குகையில் வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். அப்போது இவருக்கு வயது இருபத்திரண்டு. அக்குகைக்கு அருகே இருந்த ஈச்ச மரக்கனியை உண்டு, அருகிலிருந்த அருவியில் நீர் அருந்தி வாழ்ந்துவந்தார். அதன் பின்பு ஒரு காகம் கொண்டுவந்த ரொட்டியை தினமும் உண்டு வாழ்ந்தார்.

யாரும் அறியாத ஓர் இடத்தில் 70 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலாக கடும் தவம் மேற்கொண்டார். அங்கு அவரை இறைவன் பல வழிகளில் காத்து வந்ததாக பல கதைகள் உண்டு. காட்டில் அவர் வாழ்ந்த குகையிலேயே ஒரு புனிதராக உயிர் துறந்தார்.

புனிதர் ஜெரோம் தனது (Vitae Patrum) என்னும் சரித்திர நூலில் புனித வனத்து சின்னப்பரை அவரது 113ம் வயதில் சந்தித்ததையும், ஒரு பகல், ஒரு இரவு அவருடன் உரையாடியதையும் குறிப்பிட்டிருக்கிறார். அடுத்த முறை சந்திக்க சென்றபோது, இவர் இறந்து போயிருந்ததாகவும், இரு சிங்கங்களின் துணையோடு இவரை அடக்கம் செய்ததையும் குறிப்பிடுகிறார்.

இரண்டு சிங்கம், ஈச்ச மரம் மற்றும் காகம் இவரது சின்னமாக கருதப்படுகின்றன.

கத்தோலிக்கத் திருஅவை, இவரை, புனித வனத்துச் சின்னப்பர் (St. Paul the Hermit) என்ற அடைமொழியுடன் சிறப்பிக்கிறது.

இவரது நினைவுத் திருநாள் 10 January/15 January (Catholic Church)

15 January (Eastern Orthodox Church)[1]

9 February (Coptic Orthodox Church) 


Born c. 227 AD

Egypt

Died c. 341 AD

Thebes, Egypt

Venerated in Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox Churches

Oriental Orthodox Churches

Anglican Communion

Major shrine Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite, Egypt

Feast

10 January/15 January (Catholic Church)

15 January (Eastern Orthodox Church)[1]

9 February (Coptic Orthodox Church)

Attributes Two lions, palm tree, raven

Also known as Paul the First Hermit and Paul of Thebes, an Egyptian hermit and friend of St. Jerome. Born in Lower The baid, Egypt, he was left an orphan at about the age of fifteen and hid during the persecution of the Church under Emperor Traj anus Decius. At the age of twenty two he went to the desert to circumvent a planned effort by his brother in law to report him to authorities as a Christian and thereby gain control of his property. Paul soon found that the eremitical life was much to his personal taste, and so remained in a desert cave for the rest of his reportedly very long life. His contemplative existence was disturbed by St. Anthony, who visited the aged Paul. Anthony also buried Paul, supposedly wrapping him in a cloak that had been given to Anthony by St. Athanasius. According to legend, two lions assisted Anthony in digging the grave. While there is little doubt that Paul lived, the only source for details on his life are found in the Vita Pauli written by St. Jerome and preserved in both Latin and Greek versions.





Paul of Thebes (Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲉ; Koinē Greek: Παῦλος ὁ Θηβαῖος, Paûlos ho Thēbaîos; Latin: Paulus Eremita; c. 227 – c. 341), commonly known as Paul the First Hermit or Paul the Anchorite, was an Egyptian saint regarded as the first Christian hermit, who was claimed to have lived alone in the desert of Thebes, Roman Egypt from the age of sixteen to the age of one hundred and thirteen years old. He was canonized in 491 by Pope Gelasius I, and is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and Oriental Orthodox Churches.[2][3][4]


Legend


Relics of Paul of Thebes preserved in the Roman Catholic basilica Santa Maria in Porto, Ravenna.

The Life of Saint Paul the First Hermit was composed in Latin by Saint Jerome, probably in 375–376.[5] Paul of Thebes was born around 227 in the Thebaid of Egypt.[6]


Paul and his married sister lost their parents. In order to obtain Paul's inheritance, his brother-in-law sought to betray him to the persecutors.[5] According to Jerome's Vitae Patrum (Vita Pauli primi eremitae[7]), Paul fled to the Theban desert as a young man during the persecution of Decius and Valerianus around AD 250.[8]


He lived in the mountains of this desert in a cave near a clear spring and a palm tree, the leaves of which provided him with clothing and the fruit of which provided him with his only source of food until he was 43 years old, when a raven started bringing him half a loaf of bread daily. He would remain in that cave for the rest of his life, almost a hundred years.[6]



Paul of Thebes visits Anthony the Great; illustration from the Breviarium ordinis fratrum eremitarum Sancti Pauli primi eremite, Velence, 1540.


Paul of Thebes is known to posterity because around the year 342, Anthony the Great was told in a dream about the older hermit's existence, and went to find him.[9]


Jerome related that Anthony the Great and Paul met when the latter was aged 113. They conversed with each other for one day and one night. The Synaxarium shows each saint inviting the other to bless and break the bread, as a token of honor. Paul held one side, putting the other side into the hands of Father Anthony, and soon the bread broke through the middle and each took his part. When Anthony next visited him, Paul was dead. Anthony clothed him in a tunic which was a present from Athanasius of Alexandria and buried him, with two lions helping to dig the grave.[9] Father Anthony returned to his monastery taking with him the robe woven with palm leaf.[9] He honored the robe so much that he only wore it twice a year: at the Feast of Easter, and at the Pentecost.[6]


Veneration

His feast day is 15 January in the liturgical calendar of the Extraordinary Form of the Catholic Church.[note 1] Following the reform of the calendar, the feast is now listed as 10 January in the 2004 edition of the Roman Martyrology. The Eastern Orthodox Churches celebrate his feast day on January 15, and on 2 Meshir (9 February) in the Coptic Orthodox Church. Anthony described him as "the first monk".


The Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite (Deir Anba Bola) is traditionally believed by Copts to be on the site of the cave where Paul lived and where his remains are kept.[11] The monastery is located in the eastern desert mountains of Egypt near the Red Sea. The Cave Church of Saint Paul marks the spot where Anthony and Paul are believed to have met.[12]


The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit[13] was founded in Hungary in his honour in the 13th century. He is usually represented with a palm tree, two lions, and a raven. He is also the patron saint of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo and titular of the Cathedral of the said Diocese in San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines.


Blessed Nikolaus Gross


Profile

Miner. Father of seven. Member of the Christian miners' labour union at age 19, and secretary at 22. Member of the Zentrum Christian Party at age 20. Worked on Westdeutschen Arbeiterzeitung, (West German Workers' Newspaper), the newspaper of the Catholic Workers' Movement, at age 22, and became its director at age 24.


Non-violent opponent of Nazism from its beginnings. Worked with distinguished Catholic intellectuals who opposed the regime. From Cologne, Germany he exposed the lies and harmful effects of Nazi propaganda, and he worked for the revolt of consciences against Hitler. Declared an enemy of the state, his newspaper was shut down in 1938, but at great risk, he continued to publish an underground edition.



Nikolaus tried to organize resistance among Catholic workers in preparation for the planned assassination of Hitler on 20 July 1944. Though neither he nor the members of his group were implicated in the assassination attempt, Nikolaus was arrested on 12 August 1944 for treason, and sentenced to death by a People's Court on 15 January 1945. Martyr.


Born

30 September 1898 at Niederwenigern, Ruhr region, Germany


Died

• executed 23 January 1945 at the Berlin-Plotzensee, Germany prison

• body cremated, and the ashes scattered


Beatified

7 October 2001 by Pope John Paul II at Saint Peter's Basilica, Rome, Italy



Saint Maurus

துறவி மவ்ரூஸ் Maurus OSB

பிறப்பு 

500

இறப்பு 

6 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு, 

இத்தாலி

பாதுகாவல்: நோய்களிலிருந்து

இவர் தனது வாழ்நாள் முழுவதும் நூர்சியா நகரிலிருந்த புனித பெனடிக்ட் துறவற சபையினருடன் தொடர்பு கொண்டிருந்தார். உரோமையை ஆட்சி செய்த அரசன் ஒருவரின் மகன், மவ்ரூஸிடம் நெருக்கமான உறவு கொண்டிருந்தார். அரசரின் மகன் தனது குழந்தை பருவத்திலிருந்தே மவ்ரூஸிடம் வளர்ந்தார். தனது கல்வியையும் மவ்ரூஸிடமே கற்றார். 

மவுரூஸ் 529 ஆம் ஆண்டு பெனடிக்ட் துறவற மடத்தில் சேர்ந்து குருவானார். மோண்டேகசினோவில் Montedassino இருந்த பெனடிக்ட் துறவற மடத்தில் வாழ்ந்தார். அம்மடம் மிகப் புகழ்வாய்ந்து காணப்பட்டது. அம்மடத்தில் ஒரு சிறிய அறையில் இவர் வாழ்ந்தார். எப்போதும் இடைவிடாமல் செபம் செய்து மிக ஏழ்மையான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்தார். இவர் உடுத்துவதற்கு கூட தேவையான உடையின்றியும் போதுமான அளவு உணவு உட்கொள்ளாமலும் மிகக் கடினமான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்தார். இவர் தனது செப வாழ்வைக் கொண்டு, துறவற இல்லம் ஒன்றை கட்டினார். அம்மடம் நாளடைவில் செப இல்லமாக மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது. 

இவர் எவராலும் இயலாத அளவிற்கு கீழ்படிதலான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்தார். இவருடன் வாழ்ந்த மற்ற குருக்கள் அனைவரும் இவரை ஏழ்மை, கீழ்படிதல் என்னும் வார்த்தைப்பாட்டிற்கு முன் மாதிரியாக கொண்டு வாழ்ந்தனர். இவர் இறந்தபிறகு எங்கு அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார் என்று கண்டறியப்படவில்லை

Also known as

Mauro


Profile

Born to the nobility, the son of Equitius, a senator, and Giulia. Disciple of Saint Benedict of Nursia at age 12. Studied with Saint Placid. Deacon. Benedictine monk. Assisted Saint Benedict at Subiaco, Italy, and at Monte Cassino in 528. Founder and abbot of the abbey at Glanfeuil, France in 543; it was later renamed for him. Could heal by prayer, and there are multiple stories of him bringing the dead back to life. At the moment of the death of Saint Benedict, Maurus received a vision of his old teacher travelling a street that led to heaven.



Born

512 in Rome, Italy


Died

• 15 January 584 of natural causes

• relics re-discovered in 845

• relics transferred to St-Pierre-des-Fosses in 868 to avoid Norman invaders

• relics interred in the church of St-Germain-des-Prés, Paris, France

• relics destroyed in 1793 during the anti-Catholic excesses of the French Revolution


Patronage

• against cold

• against colds

• against goiter

• against gout

• against hoarseness

• against rheumatism

• candle makers

• charcoal burners

• cobblers, shoemakers

• coppersmiths

• lantern makers

• porters

• tailors

• tinkers

• Azores

• Badajoz, Spain

• Casoria, Italy

• Saint-Bonnet-de-Vieille-Vigne, France


Representation

• abbot with book and censer

• abbot with crozier

• crutch

• monk saving Saint Placid from drowning while a cowl floats above him

• monk walking on water, which is how he reached Saint Placid to save him from drowning

• man holding the weights and measures of food and drink given him by Saint Benedict

• scales

• spade



Blessed Gabriel of Ferrara


Also known as

• Gabriele Ferrari

• Camillo



Profile

Born to the nobility, the Count of Ferrara, Italy. Trained as a surgeon, he practiced medicine in Milan, Italy and served as personal physician to the Duke of Urbino, Italy. He joined the Brothers of Mercy, a hospital order, in 1591, taking the name Gabriel and making his vows in 1595. Wrote the Nuova Selva di Cirurgia in 1596, which became a standard for teaching surgery in Italian and German. Transferred to a Brothers monastery and hospital on Tiber Island in Rome, Italy in 1598, he became prior of the house in 1599. Provincial of his Order in 1602, and worked in its general administration. Vicar-General of the Brothers of Mercy in the German provinces from 1605 to 1627, he was entrusted with founding houses and hospitals throughout the region. After successfully treating King Sigismund III of Poland in 1608, in 1609 he founded a hospital in Kraków, Poland, and then later elsewhere in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. After successfully treating Emperor Matthias of Austria, he founded a hospital in Taborstrasse in Vienna, Austria in 1614. After successfully treating Archduke Ernst of Styria, saving his arm from amputation, he founded a hospital in Graz, Austria in 1615. Brother Gabriel served as a field surgeon in the Thirty Years War, and worked with imperial troops at the battle at Jasna Gora near Prague in 1620; this led to his leadership of a hospital in Prague in 1621. Helped found a hospital in Neuburg an der Donau in modern Germany in 1622. Archduke Ernst’s brother, the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, supported Gabriel, and in 1624 provided support to the Brothers of Mercy in Austria. Founded the hospital in Trieste, Italy in 1625. At his death, he left behind a network of houses bringing the Brothers to piety, and hospitals caring for the poor.


Born

c.1543 in Milan, Italy as Camillo


Died

• 15 January 1627 in Vienna, Austria of natural causes

• relics enshrined in the church of the Brothers of Mercy on Taborstrasse in Vienna



Saint Macarius of Egypt


Also known as

• Macarius the Elder

• Macarius the Great

• Macarius the Thébaïde

• Makarios the...



Profile

Shepherd in the desert region of Skete. Falsley accused of assaulting a woman, but was acquitted. Hermit. Spiritual student of Saint Anthony the Abbot. Founder of a monastic community in Skete. Ordained at age 40. His sanctity drew followers, and his desert community numbered thousands at his death. Fought Arianism, and was exiled for it. Several Libyan desert monasteries still bear the name Macarius.


Born

c.300 at Upper Egypt


Died

390 of natural causes


Representation

• old hermit with long, white hair wearing a girdle of leaves with two lions near him

• hermit expelling the devil with a cross

• with Saint Onuphrius the Great and Saint Peter of Athos




Saint Arnold Janssen

புனிதர் அர்னால்ட் ஜன்ஸ்ஸென் 

குரு/ நிறுவனர்:

பிறப்பு: நவம்பர் 5, 1837

கோச், ஜெர்மனி

இறப்பு: ஜனவரி 15, 1909 (வயது 71)

ஸ்டீல், நெதர்லாந்து

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

முக்திப்பேறு பட்டம்: அக்டோபர் 19, 1975

திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பவுல்

புனிதர் பட்டம்: அக்டோபர் 5, 2003

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பவுல்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஜனவரி 15

புனிதர் அர்னால்ட் ஜன்ஸ்ஸென், ஒரு ஜெர்மன்-டச்சு கத்தோலிக்க (German-Dutch Catholic priest) குருவும், மிஷனரியும் (Missionary) ஆவார். அவர் கத்தோலிக்க மிஷனரி ஆன்மீக சபையான (Catholic Missionary Religious Congregation) "தெய்வீக வார்த்தை சமூகம்" (Society of the Divine Word) நிறுவினார், இது "தெய்வீக வார்த்தை மிஷனரிகள்" (Divine Word Missionaries) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது, அத்துடன் பெண்களுக்கான இரண்டு சபைகளையும் அவர் நிறுவினார். கி.பி. 1889ம் ஆண்டு, நெதர்லாந்தின் (Netherlands) "ஸ்டீல்" (Steyl) நகரில், "தூய ஆவியாரின் மிஷனரி சகோதரியர் ஊழியர்கள்" எனும் பெண்களுக்கான ஆன்மீக சபையை நிறுவினார். மற்றும், கி.பி. 1896ம் ஆண்டு, "தூய ஆவியானவர் வணக்க சகோதரிகள்" (Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters) எனும் பெண்களுக்கான ஆன்மீக சபையை அதே நகரில் நிறுவினார்.

அர்னால்ட் ஜன்ஸ்ஸென், மேற்கு ஜெர்மனியின் (Western Germany), "டட்ச்" எல்லைக்கு (Dutch border) அருகாமையிலுள்ள "ரைன்லாண்ட்" (Rhineland) பிராந்தியத்தின் "கோச்" (Goch) நகரில், பதினோரு சகோதரர்களுல் ஒருவராக பிறந்தார். அவர் ஒரு ஆழ்ந்த, எளிய கத்தோலிக்க விசுவாசத்தை வளர்த்துக் கொண்டார். தமது பிறந்த இடத்திற்கு அருகில் உள்ள "கெயஸ்டாங்க்" (Gaesdonck) என்னுமிடத்திலுள்ள கத்தோலிக்க அகஸ்டினியம் உயர்நிலைப்பள்ளியில் (Catholic Augustinianum High School) கல்வி கற்றார். பின்னர், கல்லூரியில் பயின்று பட்டம் பெற்ற இவர், பின்னர் இறையியல் பயின்று, கி.பி. 1861ம் ஆண்டு, ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், 15ம் நாளன்று, குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார்.

வெளிநாடுகளில் மறைப்பணியாற்றும் ஆர்வம் கொண்டிருந்த ஜன்ஸ்ஸென், சிறிது காலம் ஜெர்மனியின் போச்சோல்ட் (Bocholt) நகரிலுள்ள உயர்நிலைப் பள்ளியில், இயற்பியல் (Physics) மற்றும் மறைக்கல்வி (Catechism) கற்பிக்கும் ஆசிரியராகப் பணிபுரிந்தார்.

கி.பி. 1867ம் ஆண்டு, ஜெர்மனி (Germany ) மற்றும் ஆஸ்திரியாவுக்கான (Austria) "அப்போஸ்டலேட் டெஸ் கெபெட்ஸ்" (Apostolate des Gebeds) எனும் அமைப்பின் இயக்குநரானார். பின்னர், வியன்னாவுக்கு (Vienna) அருகிலுள்ள "மட்லிங்க்" (Mödling) நகரில், ஒரு அறிவியல் நிறுவனத்தை நிறுவினார்.

அவர் ஏற்கனவே, 1874ம் ஆண்டு, "திருஇருதயத்தின் சிறிய தூதர்" (Little Messenger of the Sacred Heart) எனும் ஜெர்மன் மொழி இதழை நிறுவினார், இதனால், விசுவாசிகளை ஜெபத்திலும், மறைப்பணிக்கான ஆதரவிலும் சேர்க்க முயன்றது.

கி.பி. சுமார் 1872ம் ஆண்டு முதல், 1878ம் ஆண்டு வரையான, புரூஷியா இராச்சியத்தின் (Kingdom of Prussia) அரசாங்கத்திற்கும் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைக்கும் இடையிலான மோதல், (Kulturkampf) என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. இது, எவ்வாறாயினும், அவரது முயற்சிகளுக்கு இடையூறாக இருந்தது.

ஜன்ஸ்ஸென், தனது குருத்துவ பள்ளியை (Seminary) தொடங்க நெதர்லாந்தின் (Netherlands) ஸ்டீல் (Steyl) நகரில் நிலத்தை வாங்கினார். கி.பி. 1875ம் ஆண்டு, "திருத்தூதர் தூய மிக்கேல் மறைப்பணி இல்லம்" (St. Michael the Archangel Mission House) எனும் பெயரில் அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்டது. சில ஆண்டுகளிலேயே, பல குரு மாணவர்கள், குருக்கள், மற்றும் அருட்சகோதரர்கள் அங்கு மறைப்பணியாளர் (மிஷனரி) சேவைக்கு தயாராகி வந்தனர். முதல் இரண்டு மிஷனரிகளாக, "ஜோசப் ஃப்ரீனாடெமெட்ஸ்" (Joseph Freinademetz) மற்றும் "ஜான் அன்சர்" (John Anzer) ஆகிய இரண்டு குருக்கள், சீனாவுக்கு (China) அனுப்பப்பட்டனர்.

கி.பி. 1889ம் ஆண்டு, டிசம்பர் மாதம், எட்டாம் நாளன்று ஒன்றும், கி.பி. 1896ம் ஆண்டு, செப்டம்பர் மாதம், 8ம் நாளன்று ஒன்றுமாக, பெண்களுக்கான இரண்டு ஆன்மீக சபைகளையும் ஜன்ஸ்ஸென் நிறுவினார்.

கி.பி. 1975ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 19ம் தேதி, திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பவுல் (Pope Paul VI) அவர்களால் முக்திப்பேறு பட்டமளிக்கப்பட்ட இவரை, திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பவுல் (Pope John Paul II) அவர்கள், 2003ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 5ம் நாளன்று, புனிதராக உயர்த்தி அருட்பொழிவு செய்வித்தார்.

Profile

Arnold felt an early call to the priesthood, and was ordained in August 1861. Well educated, he taught science and catechism for twelve years. Chaplain and director of the Ursuline convent at Kempen in 1873. Director of the diocesan Apostleship of Prayer in 1874. Editor of a journal about missionary work in 1873.


He established the religious congregation Society of the Divine Word in Steyl, Netherlands in 1875; it received papal approval in 1901. The Society, which soon had houses in the Netherlands, Austria, and Germany, was composed of missionary priests who worked in Tonga, New Guinea, Japan, Paraguay, and throughout North America.



In 1889, Arnold founded the Missionary Sisters, Servants of the Holy Ghost to assist the priests in their mission. The Sisters serve as teachers in mission lands, especially of young girls. With the help of Blessed Maria Virgo, Arnold formed the sisters a contemplative branch named Sister Servants of the Holy Spirit of Perpetual Adoration who devote themselves to adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, and prayer for the success of missionary efforts. These sisters are nicknamed Pink Sisters because of the color of their habit.


Born

5 November 1837 at Goch, North Rhein-Westphalia, Germany


Died

15 January 1909 in Steyl, Netherlands of natural causes


Canonized

5 October 2003 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Romedio of Nonsberg


Also known as

• Romedio of Hohenwart

• Romedio of Salzburg

• Romedio of Sanzeno

• Romedio of Thaur

• Romedius of...



Additional Memorial

1st Sunday in October (translation of relics)


Profile

Born to the nobility, the family of the Counts of Thaur in modern Austria. He learned to read using the Bible and stories of the saints. As an adult, he gave away his fortune to support churches in the Tyrol, turned a family castle into a monastery, and then went on pilgrimage to the tombs of the Apostles; legend says that a bear killed his horse, and in remorse, the bear carried him for the rest of the trip. Cave hermit at Sanzeno on Nonsberg near Salzburg.


Born

Austria


Died

• Salzburg, Austria of natural causes

• relics interred in Sanzeno, Italy

• some relics transferred to Thaur, Austria


Canonized

24 July 1907 by Pope Pius X (cultus confirmation)


Patronage

• against accidents

• against bone diseases

• against danger at sea

• against fever

• against fire

• against floods

• against hail

• against headaches

• against toothaches

• prisoners

• theology students

• travellers


Representation

• hermit dressed as a pilgrim

• man riding a bear



Saint Francis Ferdinand de Capillas


Additional Memorials

• 28 September as one of the Martyrs of China

• 6 November as one of the Dominicans Martyrs of the Far East



Profile

Joined the Dominicans in Valladolid, Spain. Ordained in Manila, Philippines in 1631. Missionary and parish priest in Cagayan, Philippines. Missionary to China for several years. He made so many converts in Fu-kien that local officials arrested him as a spy. Accused of espionage, political intrigue, witchcraft, disregarding ancestor worship and anything else they could think of, and then tortured; he converted several of his jailers to Christianity. Considered the proto-martyr of the Martyrs of China.


Born

11 August 1607 in Baquerín de Campos, Palencia, Old Castile, Spain


Died

beheaded on 15 January 1648 in Fu'an, Fujian, China


Canonized

1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II



Saint John Calabytes


Also known as

• John Calabites

• John Calibita

• John Chalybita

• John Kalabytes

• John the Hut-Dweller

• Giovanni...



Profile

Born wealthy. Ran away from home as a child, and became a monk at Gomon on the Bosphorus at age 12. When he finally returned home as a beggar at age 18, his family did not recognize him. However, the did recognized that he was a holy man, and the family allowed him to live as a hermit in a small hut (a calybe in Greek) near their front door. Only on his death were they were informed of his real identity. His story has led to his being a symbol of homelessness, and how we may not recognize the humanity in the poor and homeless in our midst.


Born

at Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey)


Died

c.450 of natural causes


Representation

• beggar with a Gospel in his hand

• beggar revealing his identity to his parents on his death bed



Saint Placid


Also known as

Placidus


Additional Memorial

5 October on some calendars (confusion with an earlier martyr of similar name)


Profile

Son of a patrician senator named Tertulus. Sent as a boy to study with Saint Benedict of Nursia at Subiaco, Italy, he became one of Benedict earliest followers. Friend of Saint Maurus, who saved him from drowning. Accompanied Benedict to Monte Cassino in 529, it being built on land given to Benedict by Tertulus. Known through the second Dialogue of Saint Gregory the Great.



Many legends grew up around Placid, and his story became mixed with a martyr name Placitus who was apparently a monk, and possibly an abbot, who was killed with 30 brother monks by Muslim invaders at Messina, Italy, but that appears to have been a completely different person and era.


Representation

being saved from drowning by Saint Maurus




Saint Ephysius of Sardinia


Also known as

• Ephysius of Cagliari

• Efisio, Efeso, Ephise, Ephysus


Addtional Memorial

1 May (some confraternity calendars)



Profile

In Rome, Italy, Ephysius gained the favour of emperor Diocletian who made him governor of the island of Sardinia. Convert to Christianity. Diocletian then had him stripped of office, tortured and murdered. Martyr.


Born

in Palestine


Died

• beheaded in 303 on Sardinia, Italy

• relics transferred to Pisa, Italy


Patronage

• Cagliari, Italy

• Pisa, Italy

• Sardinia, Italy


Representation

• young soldier receiving a banner and sword from an angel

• receiving a vision of Christ before a battle

• young man in an oven

• young man tied to a stake and preaching to his torturers

• young man being beheaded



Saint Ita of Killeedy

புனித_ஐடா (475-570)

இவர் (#ItaOfKilleedy) அயர்லாந்து நாட்டைச் சார்ந்தவர். அரச குடும்பத்தைச் சார்ந்த இவரை இவரது தந்தை ஒருவருக்கு மணம் முடித்துக்கொடுக்க நினைத்தார்; ஆனால் இவர், தான் துறவற வாழ்வை மேற்கொள்ளப் போவதாகச் சொன்னதும், அதற்கு அவர் மறுப்பேதும் சொல்லாமல் சம்மதம் தெரிவித்தார். 

இதன் பிறகு இவர் தனிமையான ஓர் இடத்திற்கு வந்து, துறவுமடம் ஒன்றை நிறுவினார். அவ்விடத்திற்குப் பலரும் வந்து சேர்ந்தார்கள். அவர்களுக்கு இவர் சிறந்த முன்மாதிரியாய் இருந்து, அவர்களைச் சிறந்த விதமாய்த் துறவற வாழ்வில் வளர்த்து வந்தார்.

Also known as

• Ita of Clúaincredal

• Ita of Hy-Connall

• Ita of Ireland

• Ita of Munster

• Ita of Waterford

• Deirdre, Dorothy, Meda, Mida, Ytha, Ide, Mide



Profile

Born to the Irish nobility, possibly a member of the royal family. She refused to marry, and eventually received her father's blessing to live a celibate life. Founded the convent at Hy Conaill, County Limerick, Ireland which attracted large numbers of nuns. Founded a school for boys in Killeedy; one of her students was Saint Brendan. Second only to Saint Brigid in popular Irish devotion. Many extravagant miracles have become associated with her including healing a man who had been decapitated, and living solely off food delivered from heaven.


Born

at Drum, County Waterford, Ireland


Died

c.570 of natural causes


Patronage

diocese of Limerick, Ireland



Saint Botonto


Profile

On 28 December 1841, the relics of eight martyrs, including an ampule of blood, dating to the time of Diocletian, were found near the cemetery of Sant'Agnese outside Rome, Italy. All we know about them comes from an inscription that translates to “Botonto, who lived three years and two months, (is here) in peace.” Judging by the burial, the people were apparently noble, and probably Greek in origin, but we know nothing else about them.


Born

c.300



Died

• c.303 in Rome, Italy

• interred near the cemetery of Sant'Agnese on the Via Nomentana, Rome

• relics re-discovered on 28 December 1841

• relics donated to King Carlo Albert of Savoy by Pope Gregory XVI

• relics enshrined in a wax effigy on the right side of the San Francesco altar in the church of the Santa Maria al Monte at the convent of Monte dei Cappucini in Turin, Italy on 15 January 1843



Blessed Angelus of Gualdo Tadino


Profile

Born to a poor family. Benedictine. As a youth he walked barefoot to Compostela, northern Spain, became a Camaldolese lay-brother, and lived forty years as a hermit walled up in his cell. His life was distinguished by simplicity, innocence, gentleness.



Born

c.1265 at Gualdo Tadino, Nocera, Italy


Died

• 15 January 1325 of natural causes

• interred in the church of Saint Benedict in Gualdo Tadino, Italy

• relics transferred to a chapel in the local abbey church in 1343 by Blessed Alessandro Vincioli

• relics transferred to a new altar in the basilica of Saint Benedict on 16 April 1443


Beatified

• 1633 by Pope Urban VIII (cultus confirmed)

• 3 August 1825 by Pope Leo XII (cultus confirmed)


Patronage

Gualdo Tadino, Italy



Blessed Peter of Castelnau

Profile

Known in lay and religious life for his intelligence, piety, and devotion. Archdeacon of Maguelone in 1199. Cistercian monk at Fontfroide c.1202. Papal legate and inquisitor in 1203 under Pope Innocent III. Assigned to work with the heretic Albigensians, to bring them back to the church. He embarked on a great evangelization campaign through southern France; Saint Dominic de Guzman worked in this effort. Martyred by Albigensians, probably with the support of Count Raymond VI of Toulouse who hoped to use the Albigensian crisis to increase his political power. Peter's murder sparked the Albigensian Crusade against the heretics in southern France.


Born

near Montpellier, France


Died

stabbed with a lance in 1208 near Saint Gilles Abbey by Albigensian heretics


Readings

May God forgive thee, brother, as I fully forgive thee. - Blessed Peter's dying words



Blessed Tit Liviu Chinezu


Also known as

Titu, Titus



Profile

Ordained a priest in the Romanian Greek-Catholic Rite on 31 January 1930. Chosen auxiliary bishop of Fagaras si Alba Iulia, Romania and Titular Bishop of Regiana in 1949 and consecrated in secret. Martyred in the Communist persecutions.


Born

1904 in Maioresti (Huduc), Mures, Romania


Died

15 January 1955 in of hypothermia in Sighetu Marmatiei prison, Maramures, Romania


Beatified

2 June 2019 by Pope Francis



Saint Bonitus of Clermont


Also known as

Bonet, Bonnet, Bont


Profile

Chancellor to King Sigebert III of Austrasia. Appointed governor of Marseilles by King Thierry III in 667. Bishop of Clermont, France in 689. He resigned the see when doubts arose about the validity of his election. Bonitus spent his later years as a holy hermit at the Benedictine abbey of Manglieu, Clermont. Pilgrim to Rome, Italy.


Born

623 in Auvergne, France


Died

• c.710 in Lyon, France of natural causes while on the road returning to Clermont, France from Rome, Italy

• relics in the cathedral of Clermont



Saint Cosmas the Melodist


Also known as

• Cosmas the Hymnographer

• Cosma



Profile

Born to a very poor family. Educated by an Italian monk who had been taken prisoner by his people. Monk at the San Saba monastery near Bethlehem. Bishop of Mayuma near Gaza in the Holy Lands in 743 where he served the rest of his life. Known as one of the most gifted hymnist of his era.


Born

706 in Jerusalem


Died

760



Blessed Giacomo Villa


Also known as

Jaime


Profile

Son of Lucantonio and Mustiola Villa. He was a pious child, and as a young man repaired an old hospital and used it to care for the sick poor. Studied civil law in Siena, Italy. Priest. Franciscan tertiary. When a noble in Chiusi, Italy illegally took property belonging to the city hospital, Giacomo took the case; he won it and all appeals. The noble then had Giacomo killed in revenge.


Died

axed to death on 15 January 1304 in Citta della Pieve, Italy


Beatified

by Pope Pius VII (cultus confirmation)



Saint Ceolwulph


Also known as

Ceolwulf


Profile

Eighth century king of Northumbria in England. Patron and supporter of Venerable Bede who dedicated his Ecclesiastical History to Ceolwulph. In later life Ceolwulph abdicated and became a monk at Lindisfarne Abbey, possibly as a way to prevent a war over his throne.


Born

England


Died

• 764 of natural causes

• relics translated to Nohram-on-Tweed, England in 830

• some relics later transferred to Durham, England



Saint Alexander of Goman


Profile

Monk. Abbot. Founder of the Acremetre (Greek: without sleep), monks of Asiatic origin. He converted Saint Rabulas, the governor of Edessa, by a miracle. In the desert he converted thirty robbers, and changed their den into a monastery. Founded a monastery on the Euphrates. With 300 monks, he settled at Gomon in Bithynia, and divided them into six choirs to sing the Divine Office, so that it might ascend ceaselessly, night and day.


Died

c.440



Saint Emebert of Cambrai


Also known as

Ablebert, Emebertus, Einbert


Profile

Son of Count Witger and Saint Amalburga; brother of Saint Gudule and Saint Reineldis. He was early drawn to the religious life. MonkBishop of Cambrai, France. Known for his personal piety and the example he set for his flock.


Died

• c.710 of natural causes

• buried at the church of Our Lady and Saint Aldegondis in Maubeuge, France, but his grave has since been lost




Saint Lleudadd of Bardsey


Also known as

• Lleudadd of Enli

• Lleudadd of Bardsey Island

• Laudat, Laudatus, Leuddade, Lawdog, Llawddog, Llendadd


Additoinal Memorial

1 January (as one of the Breton Missionaries to Great Britain)


Profile

Monk. Abbot of Bardsey, Gwynedd, Wales. Worked with Saint Cadfan in Brittany.


Born

Welsh


Died

6th century Wales of natural causes



Blessed Conan of Margam


Also known as

Conanus, Cunanus


Profile

Cistercian monk. Third abbot of the Margam monastery in Wales in 1156, he served there until his death, 37 years later. Contemporaries referred to Conan as “a scholar and wise abbot”, and wrote that the monastery was more famous for its charity than any other in Wales.


Born

early 12th century Wales


Died

1193 in Wales of natural causes



Blessed Diego de Soto


Profile

Mercedarian monk. Spiritual student of Saint Serapion of Algiers. Master of novices. Sent to Granada to redeem prisoners held captive by Muslims, he was imprisoned, tortured, starved and killed for his faith. Martyr.



Born

Toledo, Spain


Died

1237 in prison in Granada, Spain



Saint Pansofius of Alexandria


Profile

Son of the imperial pro-consul of Alexandria, Egypt. When Pansofius came into his inheritance, he gave away his entire fortune to the poor and lived as a hermit outside the city for over 20 years. During the persecutions of Decius, Pansofius' reputation for sanctity led to his arrest and execution. Martyr.


Died

c.250 in Alexandria, Egypt



Saint Secondina of Anagni


Profile

Convert, baptized by Saint Magnus of Anagni. Martyred in the persecutions of Decius.



Born

Anagni, Italy


Died

• c.250

• interred in the cathedral of Anagni, Italy



Saint Blaithmaic of Iona


Also known as

Blathmac, Blaithmale


Profile

Born a prince, the son of an Irish king. Monk. Abbot. Missionary to England and Scotland, hoping to work with the pagan Danes then invading. Martyred by them.


Born

Ireland


Died

823 on the altar steps at Iona Abbey, Scotland



Saint Isidore the Egyptian


Also known as

Isidore of Alexandria


Profile

Desert hermit. Priest in charge of a Alexandria pilgrims hospice. Opposed Arianism, supported Saint Athanasius, and was persecuted by Arians. Friend of Saint John Chrysostom.


Born

Egyptian


Died

404



Saint Arsenius of Reggio Calabria


Also known as

• Arsenius of Armo

• Arsenio...


Profile

Hermit famous for his austere lifestyle and deep prayer life.


Died

904 in Armo, Italy of natural causes



Saint Palladius of Condat


Also known as

Palladio, Pallas


Profile

Fifth century monk at Condat (modern Saint-Claude), France. Friend, travelling companion and spiritual student of Saint Romanus of Condat.


Died

latter 5th century



Saint Teath


Also known as

Tetha


Profile

Born a princess, the daughter of Saint Brychan of Brecknock in Wales. She is mentioned in 13th century documents. A Cornwall church bears her name. No details of her life have survived.


Patronage

Saint Teath, Cornwall, England



Blessed James the Beggar


Also known as

• James Limosnero

• Jacobo...


Profile

Supporter and advocate for the poor and oppressed in the 13th century.


Died

Città della Pieve, Umbria, Italy



Saint Tarsicia of Rodez


Also known as

Tarsitia


Profile

Granddaughter of King Clotaire II of the Franks. Sister of Saint Ferreolus of Uzès. Lived as a hermit near Rodez, France.


Died

c.600 of natural causes



Saint Secundina of Rome


Profile

Young woman martyred in the persecutions of Decius. Her guards were converted to Christianity by her testimony of faith before the judges.


Died

flogged to death c.250 in Rome, Italy



Saint Britta


Also known as

Bridget, Brigid, Brigida, Brigitta, Brigitte, Britte


Profile

Fourth century nun. Martyred with Saint Maura. Their story was lost, and their relics were discovered by Saint Euphronius.


Patronage

martyrs



Saint Isidore of Scété


Profile

Desert hermit. Priest of Scété, Egypt. Worked to bring angry or negligent brother desert monks back to proper devotion.


Died

c.394



Blessed Geoffrey of Peronne


Profile

Friend of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Prior of Clairvaux Abbey. Refused the bishopric of Tournai, Belgium.


Died

1147 of natural causes



Saint Llewellyn


Also known as

Llywelyn


Profile

Monk at Welshpool and Bardsey, Wales. Friend of Saint Gwrnerth.


Born

Welsh


Died

6th century Wales of natural causes



Saint Eugyppius


Profile

Ordained in Rome, Italy. Worked with Saint Severinus in Noricum (part of modern Austria), and wrote a biography of him.


Born

North Africa


Died

c.511



Saint Malard of Chartres


Profile

Bishop of Chartres, France. Attended the Council of Chalons-sur-saone in 650.


Died

latter 7th century



Saint Gwrnerth


Profile

Monk at Welshpool and Bardsey in Wales. Friend of Saint Liewellyn.


Born

Welsh


Died

6th century Wales of natural causes



Saint Maura


Profile

Fourth century nun. Martyred with Saint Britta. Their story was lost, but their relics were discovered by Saint Euphronius.


Patronage

martyrs




Saint Sawl


Profile

Welsh chieftain. Father of Saint Asaph.


Born

Welsh


Died

6th century



Saint Probus of Rieti


Profile

Bishop of Rieti, Italy.


Died

c.571



Also celebrated but no entry yet

• Our Lady of Banneux

• Amaro the Pilgrim