Blessed Adolph Kolping
அடோல்ஃப் கோல்பிங் Adolf Kolping
பிறப்பு
8 டிசம்பர் 1813,
கொலோன் Köln
இறப்பு
4 டிசம்பர் 1865,
கொலோன் Köln
இவர் ஓர் ஆடு வளர்ப்பவர்கள் குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தவர். தொடக்கக்கல்வி மட்டுமே படித்தவர். அதன்பிறகு காலணி செய்யும் தொழிலைக் கற்றார். பின்னர் காலணி செய்து ஊர் ஊராக சென்று வியாபாரம் செய்து வந்தார். அதிலிருந்து பெற்ற பணத்தைக்கொண்டு, 23 ஆம் வயதில் கொலோனிலிருந்த மார்ட்செல்லன் (Marzellen) பள்ளியில் இடைநிலைக் கல்வியைக் கற்றார். அதனைத் தொடர்ந்து உயர்நிலைக் கல்வியையும், இறையியல் கல்வியையும் மியூனிக்கில் கற்றார். பிறகு 13 ஏப்ரல் 1845 ஆம் ஆண்டு கொலோனில் குருப்பட்டம் பெற்றார். அதன்பிறகு எல்பர்ஃபெல்டிலும் (Elberfeld), வுப்பர்டாலிலும் (Wuppertal) துணை பங்கு குருவாகப் பணியாற்றினார். சிறந்த முறையில் மறையுரையாற்றி பல மக்களை திருப்பலியில் பங்கெடுக்கச் செய்தார். 1846 ஆம் ஆண்டில் இளைஞர்களுக்கென்று நிறுவனம் ஒன்றை நிறுவினார். அதன்பிறகு மீண்டும் 1849 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏறக்குறைய ஏழு நிறுவனங்களையும் இளைஞர்களுக்கென்று நிறுவினார். மீண்டும் இவர் 1849 ஆம் ஆண்டு கொலோனில் வேறொரு பங்கிற்கு மாற்றம் செய்யப்பட்டார். அப்போது இவர் மொழிபெயர்ப்பு நிறுவனம் ஒன்றையும் நிறுவினார்.
இவர் நிறுவிய அந்நிறுவனங்களில் ஒரு சில மாதங்களில் 230 க்கும் மேற்பட்ட பணியாளர்கள் வந்து சேர்ந்தனர். அதன்பிறகு 1851ல் கைவேலை செய்யும் நிறுவனம் ஒன்றையும் தொடங்கினார். பிறகு 1853ல் கொலோனில் மிகப்பெரிய நிறுவனத்தை தொடங்கினார். அந்நிறுவனங்கள் அனைத்தும் சமூக பணிகளுக்கு முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுத்து செயல்பட்டது. அத்தோடு நோயாளிகளை கவனிப்பதற்கென்றும், இளைஞர்கள் நல்லதோர் எதிர்காலத்தை பெறுவதற்கும் வழிகாட்டியது. அத்துடன் படிப்பதற்கும் வழிகாட்டியது. அதன்பிறகு இந்நிறுவனங்கள் உலகம் முழுவதும் பணியாற்றியது. இன்றுவரை இவர் தொடங்கிய நிறுவனம் "கோல்பிங்" என்ற பெயரிலேயே இயங்கி பலவித பணிகளை ஆற்றிவருகின்றது.
Also known as
• Father of All Apprentices
• Apostle of Working Men
Profile
Son of a poor shepherd. Apprenticed to a shoemaker. Studied in Munich, Bonn and Cologne in Germany. Ordained on 10 April 1845. Chaplain of Saint Laurentius parish, Elberfeld, Germany from 1845 to 1849. Founded several Catholic apprentice associations, one of which became the International Kolping Society with all its national and local organizations. Worked to improve the physical and spiritual lives of craftsmen and their apprentices. Worked with youth, and to improve family life. Vicar of the cathedral in Cologne. Rector of Saint Maria Empfängnis Church, Cologne in 1862.
Adolph Kolping was born on 8 December 1813 in Kerpen as the fourth of five children to the poor shepherd Peter Kolping (d. 12 April 1845) and Anna Maria Zurheyden (d. 4 April 1833). He often lived in the shadow of frail health during his childhood.[1]
He proved to be an able student while in school from 1820 to 1826 but his poverty prevented him from furthering his education despite his commitment to pursue additional studies. In 1831 he travelled to Cologne as a shoemaker's assistant and soon became shocked with the living conditions of the working class that lived there and this proved to be definitive in influencing his decision to become a priest; he remained a shoemaker until 1841.[3] Kolping's desire for higher education never ceased. In summer 1834 he attended the Three Kings School and afterwards in 1841 began his theological education in Munich (1841–42) at the college there as well as later in Bonn (1842–44) and Cologne (26 March 1844 – 1845).[4] His time spent on his studies saw him become friends with the future Bishop of Mainz Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler.
Kolping as a priest
Kolping was ordained to the priesthood on 13 April 1845 in Cologne's Minoritenkirche but his father died the night before so his ordination was full of mixed emotions. He first served in Elberfeld – now part of Wuppertal – as a chaplain and religious education teacher from 1845 until 1849. There a number of journeymen carpenters had founded a choral society with the aid of a teacher and the local clergy. It grew rapidly into a Young Workmen's Society with the acknowledged object of fostering the religious life of the members, and at the same time of improving their mechanical skill. In 1847 he became the second president of the Gesellenverein, German Catholic societies for the religious, moral, and professional improvement of young men which gave its members both religious and social support.[3]
In 1849 he returned to Cologne as the cathedral's vicar and established Cologne's branch of the Gesellenverein. "Initially his objective was to provide a home-away-from- home for young apprentices and journeymen while they learned a trade that would enable them to make a decent and honest living."[5] The Cologne society soon acquired its own home, and opened therein a hospice for young traveling journeymen. In his efforts to develop the work Kolping was energetic and undaunted. He was eloquent both as speaker and writer. He visited the great industrial centres of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Hungary.[2] In 1850 he united the existing associations as the "Rheinischer Gesellenbund" – this fusion was the origin of the present international "Kolpingwerk". In 1854 he founded the newspaper "Rheinische Volksblätter" (or the "Rhine Region People’s Paper") which quickly became one of the most successful press organs of his time. He was the editor of the Catholic People's Calendar from 1852 to 1853 and of the Calendar for the Catholic People from 1854 to 1855.[4] In 1862 he became the rector of the Saint Maria Empfängnis church in Cologne. Pope Pius IX titled him as a Monsignor in 1862 – this came about after the pair met in Rome in a private audience in May to discuss the priest's work. By 1865, over 400 local groups of the journeymen’s organization had been established and were functioning throughout Europe and in America.[6]
He died on 4 December 1865 due to lung cancer; he had suffered from a severe joint inflammation in his right forearm that spring.[4] His remains are buried in the Saint Maria Empfängnis church (Minoritenkirche). He is remembered as the "Father of All Apprentices" and in 2003 was ranked eleventh in the Unsere Besten.[3] Pope John Paul II visited his tomb in November 1980 while visiting the nation. He said:”We need models like Adolph Kolping in today’s Church"
Born
8 December 1813 at Kerpend, Germany
Died
• 4 December 1865 at Cologne, Germany of natural causes
• buried in the Church of the Minor Friars, Saint Maria Empfängnis, Cologne
Beatified
27 October 1991 by Pope John Paul II in Rome, Italy
Saint Nicholas of Myra
புனிதர் நிக்கலஸ்
மரபுகளின் பாதுகாவலர்/ வியக்கவைக்கும் பணியாளர்/ பரிசுத்த தலைமை போதகர்/ மிரா மறைமாவட்ட ஆயர்:
பிறப்பு: மார்ச் 15, 270
பட்டாரா, ரோம பேரரசு
இறப்பு: டிசம்பர் 6, 343 (வயது 73)
மிரா, ரோம பேரரசு
ஏற்கும் சபை/ சமயம்:
கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்
திருமுழுக்கு கிறிஸ்தவ எதிர் திருச்சபை
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
ஓரியண்ட்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
லூதரன் திருச்சபை
மெத்தடிஸ்ட் கிறிஸ்தவ எதிர் திருச்சபை
ப்ரெஸ்பைடெரியன் கிறிஸ்தவ எதிர் திருச்சபை
சீர்திருத்த கிறிஸ்தவ எதிர் திருச்சபை
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: டிசம்பர் 6
முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:
பசிலிக்கா டி சேன் நிக்கொலா, பாரி, இத்தாலி
(Basilica di San Nicola, Bari, Italy)
பாதுகாவல்:
குழந்தைகள், கடலோடிகள், மீனவர், பொய் குற்றம் சாட்டப்பட்டவர், அடகு பிடிப்போர், மனம்திரும்பிய திருடர்கள், மருந்தாளுநர்கள், ரஷியா, கிரேக்கம், லிவர்பூல், மாஸ்கோ, ஆம்ஸ்டர்டாம், லோர்ரேய்ன், குடிபானம் தயாரிப்பவர், அடகு வியாபாரம் செய்வோர், ஹெலெனிக் கடற்படை (Hellenic Navy)
புனிதர் நிக்கலஸ் என்பது துருக்கியின் மிரா நகரின் புனித நிக்கலசுக்கு வழங்கப்படும் பெயராகும். தனது வாழ்நாளில் இரகசியமாக பரிசுகளை வழங்கும் பழக்கத்தை கொண்டிருந்த இவர், தற்காலத்தில் தமிழில் கிறிஸ்துமஸ் தாத்தா, நத்தார் தாத்தா, என அழைக்கப்படுகிறார். நெதர்லாந்திலும் வடக்கு பெல்ஜியத்திலும் செயிண்ட் நிக்கலஸ் அல்லது "சேன்டகிலாஸ்" என அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்.
ரோமப்பேரரசின் “அனடோலியன் தீபகற்பத்திலுள்ள” (Anatolian peninsula), “பட்டாரா” (Patara) எனும் துறைமுக நகரில், மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில், கிரேக்க குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தவர் ஆவார். இவர், “லிசியாவிலுள்ள” (Lycia) “மிரா” (Lycia) நகரில் வசித்ததாக கூறப்படுகிறது. கி.பி. 325ம் ஆண்டு, ரோமப் பேரரசன் (Roman Emperor) “முதலாம் கான்ஸ்டன்டைன்” (Constantine I) என்பவரின் கேள்விகளுக்கு பதிலளித்த பல்வேறு ஆயர்களில் இவரும் ஒருவராவார். “பைதீனியன்” நகரான “நிசெயாவில்” (Bithynian city of Nicaea) நடந்த முதல் ஆயர்களின் கூட்டத்தில் (First Council of Nicaea) கலந்துகொண்ட 151 ஆயர்களில் இவரும் ஒருவராவார். அங்கே, நிக்கலஸ் ஆரியனிசத்தை (Arian) தீவிரமாக எதிர்த்தார். கிறிஸ்தவ மரபுகளுக்கு பாதுகாவலராக இருந்தார். கிறிஸ்தவ நம்பிக்கை சின்னமான “நிசீன் க்ரீட்’ள்” (Nicene Creed) கையெழுத்திட்ட ஆயர்களில் இவரும் ஒருவராவார். “மதங்களுக்கு எதிரான கொள்கையில் பற்றுடைய” (Heretic) ஆயரான “ஆரியஸ்” (Arius) என்பவரை கௌன்சில் கூட்டத்தினிடையேயே முகத்திலேயே அறைந்தார் என்றும் கூறப்படுகிறது.
சரித்திர ஆளுமையின் தாக்கத்தினால் உருவான கற்பனை பாத்திரம் ஜெர்மனியில் சண்க்ட் நிகொலவுஸ் எனவும் நெதர்லாந்து மற்றும் பிலாண்டர்சில் சிண்டெர்கிலாஸ் எனவும் அழைக்கப்பட்டது. இந்த கற்பனை பாத்திரமே இன்றுள்ள "சேன்டகிலாஸ்" பாத்திரத்துக்கு வித்திட்டது. 'சிண்டெர்கிலாஸ்' நெதர்லாந்திலும், பிலாண்டர்சிலும் முக்கியமான விழாவாகும். இந்நாளில் சரித்திர மனிதரான புனிதர் நிக்கலஸ் நினைவுகூறப்பட்டு வணங்கப்படுகிறார்.
புனிதர் நிக்கலஸ், பல நாடுகளினதும் நகரங்களதும் பாதுகாவலராகவும் வழிப்படப்படுகிறார்.
Also known as
• Nicholas of Bari
• Nicholas of Lpnenskij
• Nicholas of Lipno
• Nicholas of Sarajskij
• Nicholas the Miracle Worker
• Klaus, Mikulas, Nikolai, Nicolaas, Nicolas, Niklaas, Niklas. Nikolaus, Santa Claus
Additional Memorial
9 May (translation of relics)
Saint Nicholas of Myra[a] (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343),[3][4][b] also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greek descent from the maritime city of Myra in Asia Minor (Greek: Μύρα; modern-day Demre, Turkey) during the time of the Roman Empire.[7][8] Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker.[c] Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of sailors, merchants, archers, repentant thieves, children, brewers, pawnbrokers, unmarried people, and students in various cities and countries around Europe. His reputation evolved among the pious, as was common for early Christian saints, and his legendary habit of secret gift-giving gave rise to the traditional model of Santa Claus ("Saint Nick") through Sinterklaas.
Very little is known about the historical Saint Nicholas. The earliest accounts of his life were written centuries after his death and contain many legendary elaborations. He is said to have been born in the Greek seaport of Patara, Lycia in Asia Minor to wealthy Christian parents.[9] In one of the earliest attested and most famous incidents from his life, he is said to have rescued three girls from being forced into prostitution by dropping a sack of gold coins through the window of their house each night for three nights so their father could pay a dowry for each of them. Other early stories tell of him calming a storm at sea, saving three innocent soldiers from wrongful execution, and chopping down a tree possessed by a demon. In his youth, he is said to have made a pilgrimage to Egypt and Palestine. Shortly after his return, he became Bishop of Myra. He was later cast into prison during the persecution of Diocletian, but was released after the accession of Constantine. An early list makes him an attendee at the First Council of Nicaea in 325, but he is never mentioned in any writings by people who were at the council. Late, unsubstantiated legends claim that he was temporarily defrocked and imprisoned during the council for slapping the heretic Arius. Another famous late legend tells how he resurrected three children, who had been murdered and pickled in brine by a butcher planning to sell them as pork during a famine.
Fewer than 200 years after Nicholas's death, the St. Nicholas Church was built in Myra under the orders of Theodosius II over the site of the church where he had served as bishop, and his remains were moved to a sarcophagus in that church. In 1087, while the Greek Christian inhabitants of the region were subjugated by the newly arrived Muslim Seljuk Turks, and soon after their church was declared to be in schism by the Catholic church, a group of merchants from the Italian city of Bari removed the major bones of Nicholas's skeleton from his sarcophagus in the church without authorization and brought them to their hometown, where they are now enshrined in the Basilica di San Nicola. The remaining bone fragments from the sarcophagus were later removed by Venetian sailors and taken to Venice during the First Crusade.
Profile
Priest. Abbot. Bishop of Myra, Lycia (modern Turkey). Generous to the poor, and special protector of the innocent and wronged. Many stories grew up around him prior to his becoming associated with Santa Claus. Some examples
• Upon hearing that a local man had fallen on such hard times that he was planning to sell his daughters into prostitution, Nicholas went by night to the house and threw three bags of gold in through the window, saving the girls from an evil life. These three bags, gold generously given in time of trouble, became the three golden balls that indicate a pawn broker's shop.
• He raised to life three young boys who had been murdered and pickled in a barrel of brine to hide the crime. These stories led to his patronage of children in general, and of barrel-makers besides.
• Induced some thieves to return their plunder. This explains his protection against theft and robbery, and his patronage of them - he's not helping them steal, but to repent and change. In the past, thieves have been known as Saint Nicholas' clerks or Knights of Saint Nicholas.
• During a voyage to the Holy Lands, a fierce storm blew up, threatening the ship. He prayed about it, and the storm calmed - hence the patronage of sailors and those like dockworkers who work on the sea.
Died
• c.346 at Myra, Lycia (in modern Turkey) of natural causes
• relics believed to be at Bari, Italy
Patronage
• against fire • against imprisonment • against robberies • against robbers • against storms at sea • against sterility • against thefts • altar servers • archers • boys • brides • captives • children • choir boys • happy marriages • lawsuits lost unjustly • lovers • maidens • penitent murderers • newlyweds • paupers • pilgrims • poor people • prisoners • scholars • schoolchildren, students • penitent thieves • spinsters • travellers • unmarried girls • apothecaries • bakers • bankers • barrel makers • boatmen • boot blacks • brewers • butchers • button makers • candle makers • chair makers • cloth shearers • coopers • dock workers • druggists • educators • farm workers, farmers • firefighters • fish mongers • fishermen • grain merchants • grocers • grooms • hoteliers • innkeepers • judges • lace merchants • lawyers • linen merchants • longshoremen • mariners • merchants • millers • notaries • parish clerks • pawnbrokers • perfumeries • perfumers • pharmacists • poets • ribbon weavers • sailors • ship owners • shoe shiners • soldiers • spice merchants • spinners • stone masons • tape weavers • teachers • toy makers • vintners • watermen • weavers • Greek Catholic Church in America • Greek Catholic Union • Varangian Guard • Germany • Greece • Russia • 3 dioceses • 278 cities •
Representation
• anchor
• bishop calming a storm
• bishop holding three bags of gold
• bishop holding three balls
• bishop with three children
• bishop with three children in a tub at his feet
• purse
• ship
• three bags of gold
• three balls
• three golden balls on a book
• boy in a boat
Blessed Peter Paschal
புனித_பீட்டர்_பஸ்காசியூஸ் (1227-1300)
டிசம்பர் 06
இவர் (#StPeterPaschasius) ஸ்பெயின் நாட்டிலுள்ள வாலன்சியா என்ற நகரில் பிறந்தவர்.
சிறுவயது முதலே கல்வி கேள்வியிலும், இறைப்பற்றிலும் சிறந்து விளங்கிய இவர், குருத்துவ வாழ்விற்குத் தன்னை அர்ப்பணித்து, 1250 ஆம் ஆண்டு குருவாக அருள்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்டார்.
இதற்குப் பிறகு சில காலத்திற்கு அரகோனை ஆண்ட மன்னரின் மகனுக்குப் பாடம் கற்றுத் தந்த இவர், 1297 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஜீன் நகரின் ஆயராகத் திருநிலைப்படுத்தப்பட்டார்.
இவருடைய காலத்தில் மூர் இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்கள் கிறிஸ்தவர்கள் மீது அடிக்கடி தாக்குதல் நடத்தினார்கள். ஒருமுறை இவர் இருந்த நகர்மீது தாக்குதல் நடத்திய மூர் இனத்தவர் இவரைக் கைது செய்து இழுத்துச் சென்றனர். அங்கு இவர் கடுமையாகச் சித்திரவதை செய்து கொல்லப்பட்டார்.
இறைவனுக்காகத் தன் இன்னுயிர் தந்த இவர் ஒரு மிகப் பெரிய எழுத்தாளர் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது
Also known as
• Peter Pascual
• Peter Pascualez
• Peter Paschasius
• Pedro Pascual
• Pietro Pascasio
Profile
Received his doctorate from the University of Paris, France. Joined the Mercedarians in 1250. Priest. Tutor to Don Sancho, son of the king of Aragon (part of modern Spain), in 1253. Bishop of Jaén, Spain in 1289 during a period when the diocese was in territory controlled by Moors. Worked to ransom Christians held hostage by the Moors. Wrote and preached against Islam as a faith, and against Moorish hostage taking in general. Ambushed by Moors, he was imprisoned in Granada from 1297 until his martyrdom at the order of King Moulay Mohammed.
Born
1227 at Valencia, Spain
Died
beheaded on 6 December 1300 at Granada, Spain
Beatified
14 August 1670 by Pope Clement X
Representation
• Mercedarian priest beheaded in his vestment, usually at the altar
• Mercedarian priest writing in a book
Saint Abraham of Kratia
Profile
Monk in at Emesa (modern Hims, Syria). His community was destroyed and the brothers dispersed by pagan nomad raids when Abraham was in his early 20's. He moved to Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) where c.500 he was made abbot at Gratia, Bithynia at age 26. He served for ten years, but finally fled in secret to Palestine for the quieter life of a hermit. However, when Church authorities located him, Abraham was ordered to return to his post. Consecrated as the reluctant bishop of Kratia soon after. Around 525 he was finally allowed to resign his see and retire for 30 years of ermetical solitude and prayer.
Born
c.474 at Emesa, Syria
Died
c.558 in Palestine
Saint Giuse Nguyen Duy Khang
Also known as
• Joseph Kang
• Joseph Khang
Profile
Dominican tertiary. Catechist. Servant to Saint Jerome Hermosilla. Tried to help Saint Jerome escape from prison. Captured, he was lashed, tortured, and martyred in the persecutions of Tu-Duc.
Born
c.1832 at Tra-Vinh, Nam-Dinh province, Vietnam
Died
beheaded on 6 December 1861 at Hai Duong, Vietnam
Canonized
19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Asella of Rome
Profile
A consecreated virgin (a nun) from age 10. At age 12 she moved into a cell in Rome, Italy in which she lived the rest of her life. From it she led a community of like-minded women, and she emerged only to attend Mass and to visit the tombs of martyrs. She received visits from the historian Bishop Palladia. Her story is recounted by Saint Jerome who called her a flower of the Lord.
Died
c.406 of natural causes
Blessed János Scheffler
Profile
Ordained on 6 July 1910. Bishop of Satu Mare, Romania on 26 March 1942. Martyr.
Born
29 October 1887 in Camin, Diocese of Satu Mare, Hungary (in modern Romania)
Died
6 December 1952 in Bucharest, Romania
Beatified
1 July 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI
Saint Gerard of La-Charite
Also known as
Gerhard of La-Charité
Profile
Benedictine monk. Prior of the Cluniac house of La-Charite-sur-Loire, diocese of Namur in modern France. He founded several houses in France, served as abbot at Soignies (in modern Belgium), and in later life resigned to live out his days as a choir monk at La-Charite.
Died
1109 of natural causes
Saint Dionysia the Martyr
Profile
Born to the nobility. Widow. Sister of Saint Dativa. Mother of Saint Majoricus the Martyr. Martyred during the persecutions of the Arian Vandal king Huneric. A witness records that as she was being scourged, she called to her son not to lose his faith.
Died
scourged and burned at the stake in 484, somewhere in North Africa
Saint Gertrude the Elder
Also known as
• Gertrude of Hamage
• Gertrude of Hamaye
Profile
Married lay woman. Widow. Founded the convent at Hamaye near Douai, France. She joined the convent as nun and first abbess.
Born
c.560
Died
6 December 649 at Hamage, France of natural causes
Saint Majoricus the Martyr
Profile
Son of Saint Dionysia. Nephew of Saint Dativa. Child martyr in the persecutions of the Arian Vandal king Huneric.
Died
• beaten to death in 484 somewhere in North Africa
• buried in the house of Saint Dionysia
Saint Aemilianus the Martyr
Also known as
Aemilius, Emilian
Profile
Physician. Martyred in the persecutions of the Arian Vandal king Huneric.
Died
flayed alive in 484 somewhere in North Africa
Saint Dativa the Martyr
Profile
Sister of Saint Dionysia. Aunt of Saint Majoricus. Martyred in the persecutions of the Arian Vandal king Huneric.
Died
burned at the stake in 484 somewhere in North Africa
Saint Polychronius
Profile
Priest. Attended the Council of Nicaea. Opposed Arianism. Murdered at the altar by Arian extremists while he was celebrating Mass. Martyr.
Died
4th century
Blessed Angelica of Milazzo
Profile
Franciscan Minim tertiary lay woman.
Born
Milazzo, Sicily, Italy
Died
1559 of natural causes
Saint Isserninus of Ireland
Also known as
Iserninus
Profile
Bishop. Worked with Saint Patrick to evangelize Ireland in the fifth century.
Saint Leontia the Martyr
Profile
Martyred in the persecutions of the Arian Vandal king Huneric.
Died
martyred in 484 somewhere in North Africa
Saint Tertus
Also known as
Tertius
Profile
Monk. Martyred in the persecutions of the Arian Vandal king Huneric.
Died
flayed alive in 484 somewhere in North Africa
Saint Boniface the Martyr
Profile
Martyred in the persecutions of the Arian Vandal king Huneric.
Died
484 somewhere in North Africa
Martyred in the Spanish Civil War
Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:
• Blessed Esteban Vázquez Alonso
• Blessed Florencio Rodríguez Guemes
• Blessed Gregorio Cermeño Barceló
• Blessed Heliodoro Ramos García
• Blessed Ireneo Rodríguez González
• Blessed Juan Lorenzo Larragueta Garay
• Blessed Luis Martínez Alvarellos
• Blessed Luisa María Frías Cañizares
• Blessed Miguel Lasaga Carazo
• Blessed Narciso Pascual y Pascual
• Blessed Pascual Castro Herrera
• Blessed Vicente Vilumbrales Fuente
Also celebrated but no entry yet
• Constantine of Scotland
• Obius of Niardo
