Martyrs of Vietnam
Also known as
• Martyrs of Tonkin
• Martyrs of Annam
• Martyrs of IndoChina
Profile
Between the arrival of the first Portuguese missionary in 1533, through the Dominicans and then the Jesuit missions of the 17th century, the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century, and the Communist-led terrors of the twentieth, there have been many thousands of Catholics and other Christians murdered for their faith in Vietnam. Some were priests, some nuns or brothers, some lay people; some were foreign missionaries, but most were native Vietnamese killed by their own government and countrymen.
Record keeping being what it was, and because the government did not care to keep track of the people it murdered, we have no information on the vast bulk of the victims. In 1988, Pope John Paul II recognized over a hundred of them, including some whose Causes we do have, and in commemoration of those we do not. They are collectively known as the Martyrs of Vietnam (or Tonkin or Annam or the other older names of that country).
They include -
• Blessed Andrew the Catechist • Saint Agnes De • Saint Anrê Tran An Dung • Saint Anrê Tran Van Trông • Saint Anrê Tuong • Saint Antôn Nguyen Ðích • Saint Antôn Nguyen Huu Quynh • Saint Augustine Moi Van Nguyen • Saint Augustine Schoffler • Saint Augustinô Nguyen Van Moi • Saint Augustinô Phan Viet Huy • Saint Bênadô Võ Van Duê • Saint Clemente Ignacio Delgado Cebrián • Saint Daminh Ninh • Saint Domingo Henares de Zafra Cubero • Saint Dominic Uy Van Bui • Saint Ðaminh Bùi Van Úy • Saint Ðaminh Ðinh Ðat • Saint Ðaminh Huyen • Saint Ðaminh Mau • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Ðuc Mao • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Van Hanh • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Van Xuyên • Saint Ðaminh Pham Trong Kham • Saint Ðaminh Toai • Saint Ðaminh Trach Ðoài • Saint Ðaminh Tuoc • Saint Emanuele Lê Van Phung • Saint Emmanuel Nguyen Van Trieu • Saint Etienne-Théodore Cuenot • Saint Francesc Gil de Federich de Sans • Saint Francis Trung Von Tran • Saint Francis Xavier Can Nguyen • Saint François Jaccard • Saint François-Isidore Gagelin • Saint Giacôbê Ðo Mai Nam • Saint Gioan Ðat • Saint Gioan Ðoàn Trinh Hoan • Saint Giuse Ðang Van Viên • Saint Giuse Hoàng Luong Canh • Saint Giuse Nguyen Duy Khang • Saint Giuse Nguyen Ðình Nghi • Saint Giuse Nguyen Ðình Uyen • Saint Giuse Pham Trong Ta • Saint Jacinto Castañeda Puchasóns • Saint Jean-Charles Cornay • Saint Jean-Théophane Vénard • Saint John Baptist Con • Saint John-Louis Bonnard • Saint José Fernández de Ventosa • Saint José María Díaz Sanjurjo • Saint José Melchór García-Sampedro Suárez • Saint Joseph Marchand • Saint Luca Pham Trong Thìn • Saint Martinô Ta Ðuc Thinh • Saint Martinô Tho • Saint Mateo Alonso de Leciñana • Saint Matthêô Nguyen Van Ðac Phuong • Saint Micae Nguyen Huy My • Saint Nicolas Bùi Ðuc The • Saint Nicolas Bùi Ðuc The • Saint Pere Josep Almató Ribera Auras • Saint Phanxicô Ðo Van Chieu • Saint Phanxicô Xaviê Can • Saint Phanxicô Xaviê Hà Trong Mau • Saint Phaolô Hanh • Saint Phaolô Lê Bao Tinh • Saint Phaolô Nguyen Ngân • Saint Phaolô Nguyen Van My • Saint Phaolô Vu Van Duong • Saint Phêrô Dung • Saint Phêrô Ða • Saint Pherô Ðoàn Van Vân • Saint Phêrô Khan • Saint Phêrô Lê Tùy • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Bá Tuan • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Khac Tu • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Van Luu • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Van Tu • Saint Phêrô Thuan • Saint Phêrô Truong Van Ðuong • Saint Phêrô Truong Van Thi • Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa • Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa • Saint Phêrô Vu Van Truat • Saint Pierre Rose Ursule Dumoulin Borie • Saint Pierre-François Néron • Saint Stêphanô Nguyen Van Vinh • Saint Tôma Ðinh Viet Du • Saint Tôma Nguyen Van Ðe • Saint Tôma Toán • Saint Tôma Tran Van Thien • Saint Valentin Faustino Berri Ochoa • Saint Vihn Son Ðo Yen • Saint Vincent Liêm • Saint Vinh Son Nguyen The Ðiem • Saint Vinh Son Tuong • Saint Vinh-Son Duong •
Died
martyred in various ways and in various locations in Vietnam
Canonized
19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Vicente Liem de la Paz
Saint Vicente Liem de la Paz (Vietnamese: Vinh Sơn Phạm Hiếu Liêm) (1732 – November 7, 1773) was a Tonkinese (present day northern Vietnam) Dominican friar venerated as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church.
He was born Phạm Hiếu Liêm at Trà Lũ village, in the phủ of Thiên Trường, Nam Định Province, Tonkin in 1732 to Christian parents, Antonio and Monica Daeon de la Cruz[citation needed], members of the Tonkinese nobility. When he fell gravely ill several days after his birth, he was baptized by Fr. Chien de Santo Tomas, taking the name of Vicente Liem. Since Trà Lũ was one of those Tonkinese villages where Dominican friars preached the Catholic faith, Liêm grew up to be a Christian. He was later brought by his parents to a missionary center where he learned catechism.
In 1738, King Philip V of Spain opened the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in the Philippines to Chinese and Tonkinese students, since China and Tonkin did not have Christian educational institutions. The Dominican fathers decided to let Liêm and four other Tonkinese (Jose de Santo Tomas, Juan de Santo Domingo, Pedro Martir and Pedro de San Jacinto) study in the Philippines.
Vicente took the trivium and the quadrivium in Colegio de San Juan de Letran, now the equivalent of elementary and secondary education. He finished a degree of lector of humanities at Letran. He continued his collegiate education at the University of Santo Tomas while residing at Letran. In September 1753, after completing his studies at Letran, he entered the Dominican order, along with his three Tonkinese companions. A year later, they made their solemn professions. On January 28, 1755, he received the tonsure and minor orders at the Church of Sta. Ana. In 1758 Liêm was ordained priest under the Dominican order. On September of that year, he passed the examinations to hear confessions. On October 3, he started his journey back to Tonkin. He arrived on January 20, 1759.
He spent time at Tonkin on evangelizing the Tonkinese people. However the Tonkinese authorities did not agree with this. On October 2, 1773, he and his two assistants were arrested at "Co Dou". He and his assistants were beaten up, after which they traveled on foot to the village of recorded as "Dou Hoi."[citation needed] There he met another Dominican priest, the Spaniard Jacinto Castañeda.[1] They were presented to the Vice Governor and to the Royal Minister. They were thrown to a cage for a night. The arrival of a High Minister prompted their transfer to Kien Nam,[where?] where the King held his court. While under detention, they still managed to preach Catholicism to the people. Later they were taken to Tan Cau, then to the house of Canh Thuy. Finally they were brought to the King where they were tried. Their trial led for the King to be angry and they were thrown to jail. After several days, the King brought down the guilty verdict with the penalty of beheading.[citation needed] The execution occurred on November 7, 1773. After the execution, the Christians who were present at the site carried away the bodies of de la Paz and Castañeda, where they were laid to rest at the town of Trung Linh in Xuan Truong, Nam Định. Several more Christian missionaries were put to death by the Tonkinese authorities.
The process of beatification of de la Paz and Casteñeda, as well as other Dominican martyrs, was initiated through Vicar Apostolic Bishop Ignacio Delgado, O.P. They were beatified by Pope Pius X with his feast day on November 6. Pope John Paul II announced the canonization of de la Paz on June 19, 1988, with his feast day on November 24.
St. Theophane Venard
Feastday: November 24
Birth: 1829
Death: 1861
Martyr of Vietnam. Born on November 21, 1829, and originally from the diocese of Poitiers, France, he entered into the Foreign Missions of Paris and was ordained in 1852. Sent to Vietnam two years later, he devoted his time to teaching in a seminary until his arrest and brutal martyrdom. Theophane was chained in a cage for months and then beheaded. He was canonized in 1988 by Pope John Paul II.
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Remains of Théophane Vénard at the Paris Foreign Missions Society.
Saint Jean-Théophane Vénard, M.E.P. (November 21, 1829 at Saint-Loup-sur-Thouet, Diocese of Poitiers, France – February 2, 1861 in Tonkin, Vietnam) was a French Catholic missionary to Indo-China. He was a member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. He was beatified in company with thirty-three other Catholic martyrs, most of whom were natives of Tonkin, Cochin-China, or China. Pope John Paul II canonized him, with nineteen other martyrs, in 1988.
Théophane Vénard studied at the College of Doué-la-Fontaine, Montmorillon, Poitiers, and at the Paris Seminary for Foreign Missions which he entered as a sub-deacon. Ordained a priest on 5 June 1852, he departed for the Far East on 19 Sept. After fifteen months in Hong Kong he arrived at his mission in West Tonkin (northern Vietnam). At the time, it was illegal to proselytise in Vietnam.
Shortly after Father Vénard's arrival a new royal edict was issued against Christians, and bishops and priests were obliged to seek refuge in caves, dense woods, and elsewhere. Father Vénard continued to exercise his ministry at night, and, more boldly, in broad day. On 30 November 1860, he was betrayed and captured. Tried before a mandarin, he refused to apostatize and was sentenced to be beheaded. He remained a captive until 2 February, and during this interval lived in a cage, from which he wrote to his family beautiful and consoling letters, joyful in anticipation of his crown. His bishop, Monsignor Retord, wrote of him at this time: "Though in chains, he is as gay as a little bird".
On the way to martyrdom Father Vénard chanted psalms and hymns. To his executioner, who coveted his clothing and asked what he would give to be killed promptly, he answered: "The longer it lasts the better it will be". His head, after exposure at the top of a pole, was secured by the Christians and is now venerated in Tonkin. The body rests in the crypt at the motherhouse of the Paris Foreign Mission Society in Paris, France.
The cause of his beatification was introduced at Rome in 1879, and he was declared Blessed, May 2, 1909. He was canonized on June 19, 1988, by Pope John Paul II.
Bl. Thaddeus Lieu
Feastday: November 24
Death: 1823
Canonized: Pope John Paul II
Chinse martyr. A Chinese native, he was ordained a priest and served in the Chinese missions until his arrest by anti-Christian authorities. He was strangled in prison after two years of incarceration and terrible torment.
Bl. Lawrence PeMan
Feastday: November 24
Death: 1856
Martyr of China, a disciple of Blessed Augustine Chapdelaine. He was beheaded, and in 1900 was beatified
St. Joachim Ho
Feastday: November 24
Death: 1622
Canonized: Pope John Paul II
A martyr in China. He was a native who was slain for the faith after cruel torture and severe abuse in prison. Joachim was beautified in 1893.
This article is about the Catholic martyrs of the Boxer Rebellion. For the Protestant martyrs, see China Martyrs of 1900. For other martyrs, see Chinese Martyrs.
The Martyr Saints of China, or Augustine Zhao Rong and his 119 companions, are saints of the Catholic Church. The 87 Chinese Catholics and 33 Western missionaries[1] from the mid-17th century to 1930 were martyred because of their ministry and, in some cases, for their refusal to apostatize.
Many died in the Boxer Rebellion, in which anti-colonial peasant rebels slaughtered 30,000 Chinese converts to Christianity along with missionaries and other foreigners.
In the ordinary form of the Latin Rite, they are remembered with an optional memorial on July 9.
† இன்றைய புனிதர் †
(நவம்பர் 24)
✠ புனிதர் கொலம்பனஸ் ✠
(St. Columbanus)
மறைப்பணியாளர்/ நிறுவனர்:
(Missionary and Founder)
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 543
லேய்ன்ஸ்டர், மீத் அரசு
(Leinster, Kingdom of Meath)
இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 21, 615
போபியம், லொம்பார்ட்ஸ் அரசு
(Bobium, Kingdom of the Lombards)
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(Roman Catholic Church)
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
(Eastern Orthodox Church)
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 24
பாதுகாவல்: மோட்டார் சைக்கிள் ஓட்டுபவர்கள் (Motorcyclists)
புனிதர் கொலம்பனஸ், கி.பி. சுமார் 590ல், “ஃபிரான்கிஷ்” மற்றும் “லொம்பார்ட்” (Frankish and Lombard kingdoms) அரசுகளில், பல துறவற மடங்களை நிருவிய “ஐரிஷ் மறைப்பணியாளர்” (Irish missionary) ஆவார். தற்போதைய ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France) நாட்டிலுள்ள “லக்சியுலி மடாலயம்” (Luxeuil Abbey), மற்றும் தற்போதைய இத்தாலி (Italy) நாட்டிலுள்ள “பாபியோ மடாலயம்” (Bobbio Abbey) இரண்டும் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவை ஆகும்.
பாவங்களுக்கான மனந்திரும்புதலுக்காக ஒரு ஐரிஷ் துறவி ஆளுமை மற்றும் பழக்கவழக்க நடைமுறைகளை கொலம்பனஸ் கற்றுக் கொடுத்தார், இது ஒரு குருவுக்கு, தனிப்பட்ட ஒப்புதல் வாக்குமூலத்தை வலியுறுத்தியது. கொலம்பனஸ் முதன்முதலாக கண்டறியப்பட்ட “ஹிபெர்னோ- லத்தீன்” (Hiberno-Latin) எழுத்தாளர்களில் ஒருவர் ஆவார்.
கொலம்பனஸ், தற்போதைய அயர்லாந்தின் கிழக்குப் பிராந்தியமான “மீத் அரசில்” (Kingdom of Meath), கி.பி. 543ம் ஆண்டு பிறந்தவர் ஆவார். கொலம்பனஸ், இலக்கணம், சொல்லாட்சிக் கலை, வடிவவியல் மற்றும் பரிசுத்த வேதாகமம் ஆகியவற்றில் நன்கு பயிற்றுவிக்கப்பட்டார்.
கொலம்பனஸ், வடக்கு அயர்லாந்திலுள்ள “லாஃப் எர்ன்” (Lough Erne) எனுமிடத்திலுள்ள “குலுவனினிஸ்” (Cluaninis) எனும் மடத்தின் மடாதிபதியான “சினெல்” (Sinell) என்பவரிடம் கல்வி கற்பதற்காக வீட்டை விட்டு சென்றார். அவரது கற்பித்தலின்பேரில், “திருப்பாடல்கள்” (Psalms) பற்றிய விளக்கவுரை எழுதினார். பின்னர் அவர் கடலோரப் பிராந்தியமான “பங்கோர்” (Bangor) எனுமிடத்திலுள்ள மடத்திற்கு சென்றார். அப்போது, அம்மடத்தின் மடாதிபதியாக “புனிதர் கொம்கால்” (Saint Comgall) இருந்தார். தமது நாற்பது வயதுவரை அங்கேயே தங்கியிருந்த கொலம்பனஸ், பெருநிலப்பகுதிக்கு பயணிக்க மடாதிபதியின் அனுமதி பெற்றார்.
கொலம்பனஸ், “புனிதர் ஆட்டலா” (Saint Attala), “இளைய கொலம்பனஸ்” (Columbanus the Younger), “கும்மைன்” (Cummain), “டோம்கள்” (Domgal (Deicolus), “இயோகெய்ன்” (Eogain), “யூனன்” (Eunan), “புனிதர் கால்” (Saint Gall), “குர்கானோ” (Gurgano), “லிப்ரான்” (Libran), “லுவா” (Lua), “சிகிஸ்பெர்ட்” (Sigisbert), மற்றும் “வால்டொலேனோ” (Waldoleno) ஆகிய பன்னிரு துணைவர்களுடன் கடல் மார்க்கமாக பெருநிலப் பகுதிக்கு பயணித்தார். பிரிட்டனில் (Britain) சுருக்கமாக நிறுத்தி ஓய்வெடுத்ததன் பிறகு, ஸ்காட்லாந்து கடலோரமாக (Scottish coast), ஆங்கிலேய கால்வாயை கடந்த இவர்கள், கி.பி. 585ம் ஆண்டில் வடமேற்கு பிராந்தியத்திலுள்ள “பிரிட்டனி” (Brittany) சென்றடைந்தார்கள்.
பிரிட்டனி சென்றடைந்த கொலம்பனஸ் குழுவினரை “பர்கண்டியின் அரசன் கோன்ட்ராம்” (King Gontram of Burgundy) வரவேற்றார். பின்னர் அங்கிருந்து விரைவிலேயே கிழக்கு ஃபிரான்சிலுள்ள “அன்னக்ரே” (Annegray) பிராந்தியத்துக்கு பயணித்தனர். அங்கே, கைவிடப்பட்ட ரோமன் கோட்டையில் ஒரு துறவற மடத்தினை நிறுவினர். 590ம் ஆண்டு, இவர்களுக்கு அரசனிடமிருந்து “லக்செய்ல்-லெஸ்-பெய்ன்ஸ்” (Luxeuil-les-Bains) என்றழைக்கப்படும் ஒரு ரோமன் கோட்டை கிடைத்தது. அடர்ந்த தேவதாரு மரக்காடுகள் நிறைந்த பகுதியிலுள்ள அந்த கோட்டையை அவர்கள் விரைவிலேயே துறவு மடமாக மாற்றினார்கள். கொலம்பனஸ், கிழக்கு ஃபிரான்ஸ் பிராந்தியத்திலுள்ள “ஃபோன்டேய்ன்-லெஸ்- லக்செய்ல்” (Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil) எனுமிடத்தில் மூன்றாவது துறவு மடத்தை நிறுவினார்.
தாம் இருபது வருடங்கள் கழித்த “கௌல்” (Gaul) (தற்போதைய ஃபிரான்சிலுள்ளது) எனுமிடத்தில் கொலம்பனஸ் ஃபிராங்க்ஷ் ஆயர்களுடன் ஒரு சர்ச்சையில் ஈடுபட்டார். அவர்கள் கொலம்பனஸ் மற்றும் அவரது துணைவர்களின் வளர்ச்சி கண்டு பயம் கொண்டனர்.
கொலம்பனஸ் அரச குடும்பத்துடனும் பிரச்சினைகளில் சிக்கிகொண்டார். “பர்கண்டியின் அரசன் கோன்ட்ராம்” மரித்ததும் அரச பதவிக்கு அடித்துக்கொண்ட அவர்களது உறவினர்களிடையே சர்ச்சையில் சிக்கினார். இறுதியில், கொலம்பனஸ் அங்கிருந்து நாடுகடத்தப்பட்டார். முதலில் மத்திய ஃபிரான்சிலுள்ள “நெவேர்ஸ்” (Nevers) பகுதிக்கு அழைத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டார். பின்னர் “லொய்ர்” (Loire river) ஆற்றில் படகுப் பயணம் மேற்கொண்டு, ஃபிரான்சின் மத்திய மேற்கு பிராந்தியமான “டூர்ஸ்” (Tours) சென்றடைந்தனர்.
இங்ஙனம் பல்வேறு நாடுகளுக்கும் பிராந்தியங்களுக்கும் பயணித்த கொலம்பனஸ், இறுதியில் இத்தாலி வந்தடைந்தார். வாழ்க்கை முழுதும் பயணங்களிலேயே கழித்த கொலம்பனஸ், தமது வாழ்க்கையின் இறுதி ஆண்டில், “டிரேப்பியா” (Trebbia river) நதி இறங்கியோடும் மலையிலுள்ள குகைகளில் தனிமையில் செப வாழ்வு வாழ்ந்தார். கி.பி. 615ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 21ம் தேதி, கொலம்பனஸ் மரித்தார்.
St. Columbanus
Feastday: November 24
Patron: of motorcyclists
Birth: 540
Death: 615
Columbanus of Bobbio The founder of several European monasteries, St. Columbanus was born c. 543 in Leinster, Ireland, and was educated at Bangor. Late in life (c. 590), he left Ireland to establish, at the invitation of King Childebert of Burgandy, a monastery at Annegray. He founded monasteries at Luxovium (Luxeuil) and at Fountaines as well. In 603, a synod accused him of keeping Easter by the Celtic date, although the real charge seems to have been criticizing the lax morals of the Burgundian court. Columbanus appealed to Gregory the Great, but nothing is known of the outcome of this act. Seven years later, Columbanus left Burgandy to preach to the Allemani of Switzerland; when Burgandy captured Switzerland, he fled to northern Italy, where he established a monastery at Bobbio in 613. His monasteries were known for the strictness of their rules (which the Benedictines later ameliorated) and their emphasis on corporal punishment. In addition to his rule for monks, Columbanus wrote a peneteniary and poems. He died in 615 at Bobbio.
Not to be confused with Columba, the Irish missionary to Scotland.
Columbanus (Irish: Columbán, 540 – 21 November 615)[1] was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries after 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil Abbey in present-day France and Bobbio Abbey in present-day Italy.
Columbanus taught an Irish monastic rule and penitential practices for those repenting of sins, which emphasised private confession to a priest, followed by penances levied by the priest in reparation for the sins. Columbanus is one of the earliest identifiable Hiberno-Latin writers.
St. Bernard Due
Feastday: November 24
Birth: 1755
Death: 1838
Canonized: Pope John Paul II
Martyr of Vietnam. Bernard was born in 1755 and was ordained a priest in his homeland. He spent many years in missionary work before retiring. At age eighty-three, he declared his faith and his priesthood to a group of soldiers, where upon he was beheaded. He was canonized in l988.
St. Anthony Nam-Quynh
Feastday: November 24
Death: 1840
Vietnamese martyr. Anthony was a physician in Vietnam, serving as well as a catechist for the faith. In 1838, he was arrested and kept in prison for two years, then strangled. He was canonized in 1988.
The Vietnamese Martyrs (Vietnamese: Các Thánh Tử đạo Việt Nam), also known as the Martyrs of Annam, Martyrs of Tonkin and Cochinchina, Martyrs of Indochina, or Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions (Anrê Dũng-Lạc và các bạn tử đạo), are saints on the General Roman Calendar who were canonized by Pope John Paul II. On June 19, 1988, thousands of overseas Vietnamese worldwide gathered at the Vatican for the Celebration of the Canonization of 117 Vietnamese Martyrs, an event chaired by Monsignor Tran Van Hoai. Their memorial is on November 24 (although several of these saints have another memorial, as they were beatified and on the calendar prior to the canonization of the group
இன்றைய புனிதர்:
(24-11-2020)
புனித ஆண்ட்ரூ, டங்-லாக் மற்றும் குழுவினர்
(St. Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions)
நினைவுத் திருநாள் : நவம்பர் 24
கம்யூனிச அடக்குமுறையிலும் தழைத்து வளர்ந்த கிறிஸ்தவம்!
வியட்னாமை, டான்கின், அன்னாம், கோகின் சினா ஆகிய மூன்று அரசுகள் ஆட்சி செய்துவந்த காலத்தில் போர்த்துக்கீசியர்கள் வழியாக அந்நாட்டில் கிறிஸ்தவம் பரவியது.
1615ம் ஆண்டில் Da Nang என்ற இடத்தில் இயேசு சபையினர் மறைப்பணித்தளத்தை ஆரம்பிதனர். ஜப்பானில் கிறிஸ்தவத்துக்கு எதிராக நடந்த அடக்குமுறைகளுக்குத் தப்பிவந்த ஜப்பானியர்களுக்கு இவர்கள் மறைப் பணியாற்றினார்கள். ஆனால் வியட்நாமை ஆட்சி செய்த அரசர்களில் ஒருவர் அனைத்து வெளிநாட்டு மறைபோதகர்களையும் தடை செய்தார்.
கிறிஸ்தவத்தை ஏற்றுக்கொண்ட வியட்நாம் நாட்டினர் அனைவரையும் விசுவாசத்தை மறுதலிக்குமாறு சிலுவையில் அறைந்து துன்புறுத்தினார்.
1820ம் ஆண்டுக்குப் பின்னர் அறுபது ஆண்டுகளுக்கு இக்கொடுமைகள் அதிகரித்தன. அச்சமயத்தில் ஒரு இலட்சம் முதல் மூன்று இலட்சம் கத்தோலிக்கர் வரை கொல்லப்பட்டனர் மற்றும் மிகவும் கடினமான வேலைகள் கொடுக்கப்பட்டனர். இதில் பல வெளிநாட்டவரும் கொல்லப்பட்டனர். வியட்நாம் பேரரசர் மின்ங் மான்ங் என்பவரின் மகன்களில் ஒருவரால் வழிநடத்தப்பட்ட கிளர்ச்சிக்கு வியட்னாம் கிறிஸ்தவர்களும் வெளிநாட்டு மறைப்பணியாளர்களும் ஆதரவு தருகின்றார்கள் என்று சந்தேகப்பட்டு 1847ல் அடக்குமுறைகள் அதிகமாயின.
1862ம் ஆண்டில் ஒன்பது வயது சிறுவன் உட்பட 17 பொதுநிலையினர் கொல்லப்பட்டனர். 1839ம் ஆண்டு டிசம்பர் 21ம் தேதி ஹனோய்ப் பகுதியில் 117 பேர் தலைவெட்டி கொலை செய்யப்பட்டனர். அவர்களில் ஒருவர் ஆன்ட்ரூ டுங் லாக். வியட்னாமின் வட பகுதியில் வாழ்ந்த இவரது ஏழைக் குடும்பம், பிழைப்பு தேடி ஹனோய்ப் பகுதிக்குச் சென்றது. அப்போது இவர் கிறிஸ்தவம் பற்றி அறிந்து அதை ஏற்றார். 1823ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் 15ம் தேதி குருத்துவ அருள்பொழிவும் பெற்றார் ஆன்ட்ரூ. இவரது வாழ்வுமுறை மற்றும் போதனையினால் மக்கள் பெருமளவில் திருமுழுக்குப் பெற்றனர்.
கிறிஸ்தவர்களை வெறித்தனத்தோடு கொலைசெய்துவந்த பேரரசர், ஆன்ட்ரூவைக் கைது செய்தார். ஆயினும் துறவற சபை அருட்பணியாளர்கள் பணம் கொடுத்து இவரை மீட்டனர். இப்படி மீண்டும் மீண்டும் கைது செய்யப்பட்டார் ஆன்ட்ரூ. இறுதியில் கொலை செய்யப்பட்டார்.
---JDH---தெய்வீக குணமளிக்கும் இயேசு /திண்டுக்கல்.
St. Andrew Dung Lac
Feastday: November 24
Through the missionary efforts of various religious families beginning in the sixteenth century and continuing until 1866, the Vietnamese people heard the message of the gospel, and many accepted it despite persecution and even death. On June 19, 1988, Pope John Paul II canonized 117 persons martyred in the eighteenth century. Among these were ninety-six Vietnamese, eleven missionaries born in Spain and belonging to the Order of Preachers, and ten French missionaries belonging to the Paris Foreign Mission Society. Among these saints are eight Spanish and French bishops, fifty priests (thirteen European and thirty-seven Vietnamese), and fifty-nine lay people. These martyrs gave their lives not only for the Church but for their country as well. They showed that they wanted the gospel of Christ to take root in their people and contribute to the good of their homeland. On June 1, 1989, these holy martyrs were inscribed in the liturgical calendar of the Universal Church on November 24th.
Saint Albert of Louvain
Also known as
• Albert of Leuven
• Albert of Liege
• Alberto di Lovanio
• Albrecht of...
Additional Memorial
27 November (Belgium)
Profile
Son of Duke Godfrey III of Brabant. Made a canon of Liege, Belgium at age 12, a political appointment for guaranteed income rather than a religious vocation. He gave up the position at age 21 to become a knight under Count Baldwin V of Hainault, a bitter enemy of his native Brabant. He talked of going on Crusade, but never did, and eventually realized that religious life was calling him. He became a canon of Liege again, this time as a true vocation.
Archdeacon and provost of Brabant. Bishop of Liege in 1191. Albert of Rethel, cousin of Count Baldwin and uncle of the Empress Constance, wife of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, had sought the episcopacy. He appealed to the emperor for help; Henry removed Albert from the position and made a third candidate, Lothaire, who was the provost of Bonn, Germany, the new bishop of Liege. Albert then appealed to the Vatican, both for himself and to help clearly establish the Pope's supremacy in the matter. Celestine III declared Albert's election valid, and returned him to Liege. Lothair refused to surrender the see; Henry backed him, and forced the priests in the diocese to submit to Lothair.
Bruno, archbishop of Cologne, Germany was supposed to ordain Albert, but refused, fearing the emperor. William, archbishop of Rheims, France, ordained Albert as priest, and then as bishop. In an attempt to end the matter in the emperor's favour, a group of Henry's knights ambushed and murdered Albert on the road outside Rheims. The plan backfired, however, as Lothair was excommunicated and exiled, and Henry was forced to submit to Rome and do penance; lay investiture (civil control over ordinations) took another serious blow.
Born
c.1166 in Brabant (in modern Belgium)
Died
• stabbed on 21 November 1192 on the road outside Rheims, France
• buried in Rheims
• relics transferred to a Carmelite convent in Brussels, Belgium in 1612
• some relics re-located to the cathedral in Liege, Belgium in 1822
Canonized
1621 by Pope Paul V
Representation
• bishop with three swords
• bishop with a knife or sword in his hand
• bishop stabbed with a sword or knife
• bishop with the coat of arms of Brabant
Saint Romanus of Le Mans
Also known as
• Romanus of Blaye
• Romanus of Bordeaux
• Romanus of the Garonne
• Romanus of Tours
Profile
Summoned across the Alps to LeMans by his uncle, Saint Julian, missionary bishop of the area, who ordained him. Missionary to the area around the river Gironde. Noted for being backward, shy, introverted, and a lousy preacher, he still made converts one after another, healing, exorcising demons, and quietly bringing the Gospel to the pagans. Worked especially with the sailors of the area.
When Julian died, Romanus returned to LeMans to mourn and to care for his uncle's tomb. Other people were buried nearby in order to be near a saint, and a group of monks dedicated to caring for the graves, and who called themselves the Grave-Diggers grew up around the churchyard. Romanus joined them, and spent the rest of his days caring for the tombs, bringing the faithful to their final resting place, and bringing the comfort of the faith to the mourners.
Born
Rome, Italy
Died
• November 385 of natural causes at Blaye, France
• interred next to Saint Julian of Le Mans
Patronage
against shipwreck
Blessed Maria Anna Sala
Profile
Daughter of Giovanni and Giovannina Sala; fifth of eight children in a pious family. Educated in the convent school by the Sisters of Saint Marcellina in Vimercate, Italy. She wanted to join the Sisters, but her family needed her help, and Maria returned home. In 1848, her family obligations fulfilled, she returned to the Sisters, and made her profession on 13 September 1852. Over the next four decades she taught at the Marcellina schools in Cernusco, Chambery, Genoa, and Milan. Diagnosed with throat cancer in 1883, she kept the matter to herself and continued to work for another eight years. Throughout the beatification investigation and recognition everyone involved stressed Maria's quiet dignity and her unwavering devotion to Christ no matter how severe her pain or trying her circumstances.
Born
21 April 1829 at Brivio, Italy
Died
• 24 November 1891 at Milan, Italy of throat cancer
• remains found to be incorrupt when her Cause was introduced in 1920
Beatified
26 October 1980 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Flora of Cordoba
Profile
Born to Muslim parents. She and her mother converted to Christianity - Flora was raised Christian, her brother Muslim. She was often abused at home for her faith. She took a private vow of chastity, and ministered to Christian prisoners. When her parents announced an arranged marriage to an Islamic man, Flora and her Christian friend Mary ran away, briefly hiding with the home of Flora's sister. The sister, however, feared being accused of harboring Christians, and threw the two out. Her brother publicly betrayed her to the Islamic authorities. She was imprisoned and scourged, escaped, was recaptured, and martyred as part of the persecutions of Abderrahman II.
Born
Cordoba, Spain
Died
tortured and beheaded by Moors in 851 or 856 (sources vary on the year) in Cordoba, Spain
Patronage
• abandoned people
• betrayal victims
• converts
• martyrs
• single laywomen
Saint Bieuzy of Brittany
Also known as
Beuzi, Beuzit, Bieuzi, Bihi, Bihui, Bihuy, Bihy, Bilhwi, Bili, Bilicus, Bizuy, Budoc
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Gildas the Wise. Followed Gildas in his work in Brittany (part of modern France). Monk. Known for his gift healing men and animals. Murdered by a nobleman refusing the man's summons to heal some rabid dogs; Bieuzy stayed at the monastery for religious services. Martyr.
Born
6th century in Anglo-Saxon Britain
Died
• stabbed in the head with a sword in the 7th century
• a healing spring of water appeared on the place he died in Pluvigner, France; it's supposed to extremely effective against toothache, rabies, headaches and dog bites
• relics enshrined in the church in Pluvigner
Patronage
• against madness
• against rabies
Saint Pierre Rose Ursule Dumoulin Borie
Also known as
• Peter Dumoulin
• Peter Dumoulin-Borie
Profile
Studied at the seminary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, beginning in 1829. Ordained in 1832. Missionary to Tonkin (modern Vietnam). Arrested for his faith in 1836. During his two years in prison, where he was regularly beaten and tortured, he was appointed titular bishop and vicar apostolic of western Tonkin.
Born
20 February 1808 in Beynat, Corrèze, diocese of Tulle, France
Died
• beheaded on 24 November 1838 at Ðong Hoi, Quang Bình, Vietnam
• relics transferred to Paris, France in 1843
Canonized
19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Colman of Cloyne
Also known as
• Colman MacLenini
• Colman Mac Lenine
• Colman MacLenine
Profile
Son of Lenin. Poet. Royal bard, poet, musician, court historian, and genealogist at Cashel, Ireland. Adult convert at age fifty, being baptized by Saint Brendan the Navigator; he had become involved with Brendan and Christianity while helping recover the stolen shrine of Saint Ailbhe from a lake. Priest. Evangelist in Limerick and Cork. Teacher of Saint Columba. Bishop of Cloyne, county Cork, Ireland.
Born
530 in Munster, Ireland
Died
c.600 of natural causes
Canonized
1903 (cultus confirmed)
Patronage
diocese of Cloyne, Ireland
Saint Protasius of Milan
Also known as
• Protasius Algisi
• Protasio...
Profile
Born to the Italian nobility. Priest. Bishop of Milan, Italy c.330, serving the rest of his life over 20 years later. Supported Saint Athanasius of Alexandria against the Arians. Attended the synod of Sardica in 343, and used it as a platform against Arianism.
Died
• 352 in Milan, Italy of natural causes
• interred of the church of San Vittore in Milan
• tomb reported to be the site of miraculous cures, including that of a blind child, a miracle witnessed by Saint Augustine of Hippo
Saint Portianus of Miranda
Also known as
Porciano, Pourçain
Profile
Slave. He ran from his masters, and sought refuge in Miaranda monastery, Auvergne, France. He became a monk there, and later abbot. At one point he demanded that the Merovingian king, Thierry of Austrasia, release his Auvergnate prisoners; Portianus was so influential, the king agreed.
Died
533 of natural causes
Representation
• monk breaking a cup from which a snake escapes - the snake represents poison, and sometimes leads to Portianus' confusion with Saint Benedict
• monk surrounded by prisoners
• monk speaking to a king
இன்றைய புனிதர்
2020-11-24
மறைசாட்சி கிறிசோகோனுஸ் Chrysogonus
பிறப்பு
3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு,
உரோம், இத்தாலி
இறப்பு
303
அக்குயிலேயா Aquileja, இத்தாலி
இவர் ஓர் சிறந்த கத்தோலிக்கர். ஏறக்குறைய 300 ஆம் ஆண்டு அரசி அனஸ்தாசியாவின் (Anastasia) ஆசிரியராக பணியாற்றினார். இவர் எப்போதும் கிறிஸ்துவை பின்பற்றி வாழ்ந்தார். இதனால் தியோக்ளேசியன் (Diokletion) என்ற அரசனால் வதைக்கப்பட்டார். பின்னர் அக்குயிலேயாவிற்கு பிடித்துகொண்டு போகப்பட்டார். அங்கு அவரின் நம்பிக்கையை அரசன் தியோக்ளேசியன் சோதித்தார். கிறிஸ்துவை பின்பற்ற தடைவிதித்தான். ஆனால் அனைத்து தடைகளையும் மீறி கிறிசோனோலுஸ் கிறிஸ்துவை பின்பற்றினார். இதனால் அரசன் சினங்கொண்டு அவரை கொன்றான்
செபம்:
எங்கள் தாயும் தந்தையுமான இறைவ! உம்மை பின்பற்றியதற்காக தன் உயிரை ஈந்த கிறிசோகோனுஸ்சின் பக்தியையும், விசுவாசத்தையும் நாங்களும் பின்பற்றி வாழ எமக்கு உதவி செய்தருள வேண்டுமென்று இறைவா உம்மை மன்றாடுகின்றோம்.
இந்நாளில் நினைவுகூறப்படும் பிற புனிதர்கள்
• லூட்டிக் நகர் ஆயர் ஆல்பர்ட் Albert von Lüttich
பிறப்பு: 1160 பிரபாண்ட் Brabant, பெல்ஜியம்
இறப்பு: 24 நவம்பர் 1192 லூட்டிக்Lüttich, பெல்ஜியம்
• துறவி மரியா சாலா Maria Sala
பிறப்பு: 21 ஏப்ரல் 1829 லேசேLecce, இத்தாலி
இறப்பு: 24 நவம்பர் 1891, மிலான் Milan, இத்தாலி
Saint Chrysogonus
Also known as
Crisogono, Grisogono
Additional Memorial
16 April (Greek calendar)
Profile
Priest. Functionary of the vicarius Urbis. Christian teacher of Saint Anastasia of Sirmium, the daughter of the Roman noble Praetextatus. Thrown into prison during the persecution of Diocletian, he comforted Anastasia by his letters. Martyred under Diocletian.
Died
• beheaded on 23 November 304 at Aquileia, Italy
• his corpse was thrown into the sea, washed ashore, and was buried by the aged priest, Zoilus, at Venice, Italy
• his head is in the Church of Saint Chrysogonus, Rome, Italy
Saint Kenan of Damleag
Also known as
Cianan, Kay, Kea, Quay
Profile
Descended from the royalty of Munster. In his youth, Kenan was one of fifty hostages given to King Leogair by the Irish princes as a guarantee of peace. Freed by the intercession of bishop Kiaran. Spiritual student of Saint Martin of Tours in France. Knew Saint Patrick who admired him and his writing skills. Bishop of Duleek, Ireland. First in Ireland to build his cathedral in stone; it was built on the site of a pagan altar he destroyed when he converted the people.
Born
Irish
Died
24 November 489 of natural causes
Saint Eanfleda of Whitby
Also known as
Eanflaed
Profile
Princess, the daughter of King Saint Edwin of Northumbria and Saint Ethelburga of Kent. Cousin of Saint Hilda of Whitby. Baptized by Saint Paulinus of York. Great supporter and patron of Saint Wilfrid of York. Married to King Oswy of Northumbria, and mother of Saint Elfleda. Widowed. Benedictine nun at Whitby, which was then under the leadership of her daughter Elfleda.
Born
7th century Northumbria, England
Died
c.700 in Whitby, England of natural causes
Saint Mary of Cordoba
Also known as
Maria
Profile
Friend of Saint Flora, and ran away with her, briefly hiding in the home of Flora's sister. The sister, however, feared being accused of harboring Christians, and threw the two out. Betrayed to the Islamic authorities by Flora's brother, she was imprisoned and scourged for her faith, escaped, was recaptured, and executed. Martyr.
Died
tortured and beheaded by Moors in 851 or 856 (sources vary on the year)
Patronage
martyrs
Saint Vinh Son Nguyen The Ðiem
Also known as
Vincent Diem
Profile
Priest in the apostolic vicariate of West Tonkin. Worked with bishop Saint Peter Dumoulin. One of the Martyrs of Vietnam.
Born
c.1761 in An Dó, Quang Tri, Vietnam
Died
martyred on 24 November 1838 in Ðong Hoi, Quang Bình, Vietnam
Canonized
19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II
† இன்றைய புனிதர் †
(நவம்பர் 24)
✠ புனிதர் ஃபிர்மினா ✠
(St. Firmina)
மறைசாட்சி:
(Martyr)
பிறப்பு: ----
இறப்பு: கி.பி. மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டு
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(Roman Catholic Church)
முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:
அமெலியா பேராலயம்
(Amelia Cathedral)
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 24
பாதுகாவல்:
அமெலியா (Amelia), இத்தாலி (Italy), சிவிடவெச்சியா Civitavecchia
புனிதர் ஃபிர்மினா, இத்தாலியின் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க புனிதரும், கன்னியரும், மறைசாட்சியுமாவார்.
மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்ததாக கூறப்படும் இவர், “டயக்லேஷியன்” (Diocletian) எனும் ரோமப் பேரரசனின் (Roman emperor) காலத்தில் துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார். ஆனால் அவரைப் பற்றிய அனைத்து தகவல்களும் 6வது நூற்றாண்டுக்கு முன்பே எழுதப்பட்ட ஒரு வரலாற்றுக் குறிப்பிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கின்றன. பின்னர் சில நேரங்களில் முரண்பாடான விவரங்களுடன் வாய்வழி பாரம்பரியம் இதைப் பயன்படுத்துகிறது.
ஃபிர்மினா ஒரு உயர் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பெண்ணாவார். அவரது தந்தை “கல்பர்னியஸ்” (Calpurnius) ரோம அரசின் ஒரு உயர் அதிகாரியாவார். “ஒலிம்பியாடிஸ்” (Olympiadis) எனும் ஒரு ரோம உயர் அதிகாரி, ஃபிர்மினாவை அடைய முயற்ச்சித்தார். ஆனால், ஃபிர்மினா அவரை கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்திற்கு மனம் மாற வைத்தார். இதன் காரணமாக, பிறகு “ஒலிம்பியாடிஸ்” மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார்.
பின்னர், மத்திய இத்தாலியின் பிராந்தியமான “நார்தும்ப்ரியா” (Umbria) எனுமிடத்தினருகேயுள்ள “அமேலியா” (Amelia) எனும் நகரில் தனிமையில் செப வாழ்வு வாழ ஃபிர்மினா சென்றார். அங்கே, அவர் “டயக்லேஷியனால்” (Diocletian) துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு கொலை செய்யப்பட்டு புதைக்கப்பட்டார்.
Saint Firmina of Amelia
Also known as
Fermina
Profile
Maiden martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.
Born
Roman citizen
Died
tortured to death c.303 at Amelia, Umbria, Italy
Patronage
• Amelia, Italy
• Civitavecchia, Italy
• Terni-Narni-Amelia, Italy, diocese of
Blessed Balsamus of Cava
Also known as
• Belsamus of Cava
• Balsam of...
Profile
Benedictine monk. Abbot of Cava, Italy from 1208 to 1232.
Died
24 November 1232 at Cava, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
16 May 1928 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmed)
Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa
Also known as
• Peter Choa
• Peter Khoa
Profile
Priest. Worked with bishop Saint Peter Dumoulin. Martyr.
Born
c.1790 in Thuan Nghia, Nghe An, Vietnam
Died
strangled to death on 24 November 1838 in Ðong Hoi, Quang Bính, Vietnam
Canonized
19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Blessed Conrad of Frisach
Also known as
Konrad
Profile
Doctor at the university of Bologna, Italy. Dominican, received into the Order by Saint Dominic himself. Missionary to Germany. Died while singing the Psalm, Cantate Domino canticum novum (Sing a new song unto the Lord).
Died
1239 in Magdeburg, Germany of natural causes
Saint Crescentian of Rome
Also known as
Crescentianus
Profile
Martyred in the persecutions of Maxentius.
Died
• tortured to death on the rack in 309 at Rome, Italy
• relics re-enshrined in the 9th century
Saint Hitto of Saint-Gall
Also known as
Hatto, Hildo
Profile
Born to the Swabian nobility in the 10th century; brother of Saint Wiborada of Gall. Priest. Provost of Saint Magnus church. Monk at Saint-Gall, Switzerland.
Saint Marinus of Maurienne
Profile
Benedictine monk at Maurienne in Savoy (part of modern France). Hermit near Chandor Abbey. Martyred by Saracens.
Born
Italy
Died
731 at Chandor Abbey
Saint Felicissimus of Perugia
Profile
Martyred under Diocletian.
Died
c.303 in Perugia, Italy
Representation
elegantly dressed young man with a book and a palm of martyrdom
Saint Leopardinus of Vivaris
Profile
Seventh century monk and abbot of the monastery of Saint Symphorian in Vivaris, province of Berry, France.
Saint Alexander of Corinth
Profile
Martyred in the persecutions of Julian the Apostate.
Died
martyred in 361 in Corinth, Greece
Martyred in the Spanish Civil War
Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:
• Blessed Antonia Gosens Sáez De Ibarra
• Blessed Cándida Cayuso González
• Blessed Clara Ezcurra Urrutia
• Blessed Concepción Rodríguez Fernández
• Blessed Daría Campillo Paniagua
• Blessed Erundina Colino Vega
• Blessed Feliciana de Uribe Orbe
• Blessed Félix Alonso Muñiz
• Blessed Francisco Borrás Román
• Blessed Justa Maiza Goicoechea
• Blessed María Concepción Odriozola Zabalía
• Blessed María Consuelo Cuñado González
• Blessed Niceta Plaja Xifra
• Blessed Paula Isla Alonso
