Saint Photina of Rome
புனித_ஃபோடினா (முதல் நூற்றாண்டு)
மார்ச் 20
இவர் (#StPhotina) வேறு யாருமல்லர்; யோவான் நற்செய்தி 4:4-26 -இல் வரும் சமாரியப் பெண்ணே ஆவார்.
யூதர்களுக்கும் சமாரியர்களுக்கும் இடையே அடிக்கடி சண்டை வரும். மேலும் யூதர்கள் தூய்மைவாதம் பேசி, சமாரியர்களை ஒரு பொருட்டாக மதிப்பதில்லை. இவற்றையெல்லாம் கடந்து இயேசு சமாரியப் பெண்ணோடு பேசினார். அவரிடம் தான் மெசியா என்பதை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார்.
கிரேக்க மரபுப்படி இவர் இயேசுவின் போதனையால் ஈர்க்கப்பட்டுக் கார்த்தேஜிற்குச் சென்று, அங்கு நற்செய்தி அறிவித்துச் சிறையில் அடைக்கப்பட்டுக் கொல்லப்பட்டார் எனச் சொல்லப்படுகிறது.
இன்னொரு மரபுப்படி இவர் உரோமை சென்று நற்செய்தி அறிவித்ததாகவும், நீரோ மன்னனுடைய மகள் உட்பட நூற்றுக்கு மேற்பட்டவர்களை மனமாற்றியதாகவும் அதனாலேயே இவர் தன் மகன்கள் விக்டர், ஜான் ஆகிய இருவரோடும், ஒருசில கிறிஸ்தவர்களோடும் சேர்த்துக் கொல்லப்பட்டார் எனவும் சொல்லப்படுகிறது.
இயேசுவின் போதனைகளைக் கேட்கும் ஒருவர் அவருடைய நற்செய்தியைத் தனக்குள் வைத்துக் கொள்ளாமல், மற்றவருக்கும் அறிவிக்க வேண்டும் என்பதை இவர் நமக்கு அற்புதமாக உணர்த்துகிறார்.
Samaritan martyr. According to Greek tradition, Photiona was the Samaritan woman with whom Jesus spoke at the well as was recounted in the Gospel of St. John, chapter four. Deeply moved by the experience, she took to preaching the Gospel, received imprisonment, and was finally martyred at Carthage. Another tradition states that Photina was put to death in Rome after converting the daughter of Emperor Nero and one hundred of her servants. She supposedly died in Rome with her sons Joseph and Victor, along with several other Christians, including Sebastian, Photius, Parasceve, Photis, Cyriaca, and Victor. They were perhaps included in the Roman Martyrology by Cardinal Cesare Baronius owing to the widely held view that the head of Photina was preserved in the church of St. Paul's Outside the Walls.
Also known as
• Photina the Samaritan
• Fotina...
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Martyred in the persecutions of Nero. One tradition says that she was the woman that Jesus talked to at Jacob's well (John 4).
Died
in Rome, Italy
Bl. John of Parma
பார்மா நகர் அருளாளர் ஜான்
ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையின் ஏழாவது தலைவர்:
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1209
பார்மா சமூகம், தூய ரோம பேரரசு
இறப்பு: மார்ச் 19, 1289
கமரினோ, அன்கோனா, திருத்தந்தையர் மாநிலம்
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(இளம் துறவியர் சபை)
முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: 1781
திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பயஸ்
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: மார்ச் 21
அருளாளர் ஜான், ஒரு இத்தாலிய ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் துறவியும் (Italian Franciscan Friar), ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் இளம் துறவியர் சபையின் ஏழாவது தலைமைப் பொறுப்பாளரும் ஆவார் (Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor). புனிதர் அசிசியின் ஃபிரான்சிஸ் (Saint Francis of Assisi) மரித்ததன் பின்னர், ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையின் (Franciscan Order) முன்னிருந்த எளிமையும், பணிவும் நிறைந்த நிலையினை திரும்ப கொண்டுவர அவர் எடுத்துக்கொண்ட முயற்சிகள் அனைவரும் அறிந்ததே. இவர், தாம் வாழ்ந்த காலத்தின் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க இறையியலாளரும் (Theologian) ஆவார்.
கி.பி. சுமார் 1209ம் ஆண்டு, வடக்கு இத்தாலியின் பிராந்தியமான “பார்மா” (Parma) நகரில் பிறந்த ஜான், அங்குள்ள புனித லாசரஸ் ஆலயத்தின் (Church of St. Lazarus at Parma) அருட்பணியாளரான தமது மாமனின் ஆதரவில் கல்வி கற்றார். கற்றலில் இவருக்கு இருந்த ஆர்வமும் வேகமும், இவர் விரைவிலேயே “தத்துவ ஞான சாஸ்திர” (Philosophy) ஆசிரியராக உதவின.
ஒரு கத்தோலிக்க குருவாக குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்ட இவர், “பொலொக்னா” (University of Bologna) மற்றும் “நேப்ள்ஸ்” (University of Naples) சர்வகலாசாலைகளில் “தத்துவ ஞான சாஸ்திரம்” கற்பித்தார். இறுதியில், “பாரிஸ் பல்கலைகழகத்தில்” (University of Paris) “பீட்டர் லொம்பார்ட்” அவர்களின் வார்த்தைப் பாடுகளை (Sentences of Peter Lombard) கற்பித்தார்.
கி.பி. 1245ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை "நான்காம் இன்னொசென்ட்" (Pope Innocent IV) ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France) நாட்டின் லியோன்ஸ் (Lyons) நகரில் பொது மாநாடு ஒன்றினை கூட்டினார். அதில் பங்குபெற வேண்டிய, அப்போது தலைமைப் பொறுப்பிலிருந்த துறவி "க்ரெசென்ஷியஸ்" (Crescentius of Jesi) நோய்வாய்ப்பட்டிருந்த காரணத்தால் செல்ல இயலவில்லை. அவரது பிரதிநிதியாக செல்ல ஜான் நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். அம்மாநாட்டில், அங்கு கூடியிருந்த திருச்சபையின் அனைத்து தலைவர்களிலும் இவர் ஆழ்ந்த தாக்கத்தினை ஏற்படுத்தினார்.
இரண்டு வருடங்களின் பின்னர் ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையின் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பிற்கு நடந்த தேர்தலில் தலைமை தாங்கிய அதே திருத்தந்தை "நான்காம் இன்னொசென்ட்" (Pope Innocent IV), இரண்டு வருடத்தின் முன்னர் நடந்த போது மாநாட்டின் நிகழ்வுகளை நினைவில் இருத்தி, துறவி ஜான் அந்த பதவிக்கும் பொறுப்பிற்கும் பொருத்தமானவர் என்று ஜானையே தேர்ந்தெடுத்தார்.
தலைமைப் பொறுப்பினை ஏற்ற ஜான், சபையின் அனைத்துப் பிரிவுகளுக்கும் நடை பயணமாகவே சென்றார். அவரது தாழ்ச்சி மற்றும் பணிவு காரணமாக பல மடங்களில் அவரை அங்குள்ள துறவியர் அடையாளம் காணவேயில்லை. ஓரிரு நாட்கள் அங்கே தங்கியிருந்து அங்குள்ள நடவடிக்கைகளை கண்காணிப்பார்.
ஜானுக்குப் பிறகு, புனிதர் "பொனவென்ச்சுரா" (Saint Bonaventure) சபையின் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பினை ஏற்றார். தமது இறுதி காலத்தில் குருத்துவப் பணியிலிருந்து விடுவிக்கப்பட்ட அவர், “க்ரேஸ்ஸியோ” (Greccio) நகரில் உள்ள ஆசிரமத்தில் தமது ஜெப வாழ்வைத் தொடர்ந்தார். கி.பி. 1274ம் ஆண்டு, மரபுவழி (Orthodox) கிறிஸ்தவர்கள், கிறிஸ்தவ ஒற்றுமைக்கு எதிராக செயல்பட ஆரம்பித்த காரணத்தால், என்பது வயதான ஜான், தமது இறுதி சக்தி முழுவதையும் கிறிஸ்தவ ஒற்றுமைக்காக உழைக்க முடிவெடுத்தார். திருத்தந்தை "நான்காம் நிகோலஸ்" (Pope Nicolas IV) அவர்களின் அனுமதி பெற்று, கிரீஸ் (Greece) பயணமானார். ஆனால், அவரால் "கமேரினோ" (Camerino) வரை மட்டுமே பயணிக்க முடிந்தது. தீவிர நோய்வாய்ப்பட்ட அவர், அங்கேயுள்ள துறவிகள் மடத்தில், கி.பி. 1289ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் மாதம், 19ம் நாளன்றும், மரணமடைந்தார்.
ஜான், கி.பி. 1781ம் ஆண்டு, “திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பயஸ்” (Pope Pius VI) அவர்களால் அருளாளராக முக்திபேறு பட்டமளிக்கப்பட்டார்.
John Buralli, the seventh minister general of the Franciscans, was born at Parma in the year 1209, and he was already teaching logic there when at the age of twenty-five, he joined the Franciscans. He was sent to Paris to study and, after he had been ordained, to teach and preach in Bologna, Naples and Rome. He preached so well that crowds of people came to hear his sermons, even very important persons flocked to hear him. In the year 1247, John was chosen Minister General of the Order of Franciscans. He had a very difficult task because the members of his community were not living up to their duties, due to the poor leadership of Brother Elias. Brother Salimbene, a fellow townsman who worked closely with John, kept an accurate record of Johns activities. From this record, we learn that John was strong and robust, so that he was always kind and pleasant no matter how tired he was. He was the first among the Ministers General to visit the whole Order, and he traveled always on foot. He was so humble that when he visited the different houses of the Order, he would often help the Brother wash vegetables in the kitchen. He loved silence so that he could think of God and he never spoke an idle word. When he began visiting the various houses of his Order, he went to England first. When King Henry III heard that John came to see him, the King went out to meet him and embraced the humble Friar. When John was in France, he was visited by St. Louis IX who, on the eve of his departure for the Crusades, came to ask John's prayers and blessing on his journey. The next place John visited was Burgundy and Provence. At Arles, a friar from Parma, John of Ollis, came to ask a favor. He asked John if he and Brother Salimbene could be allowed to preach. John, however, did not want to make favorites of his Brothers. He said, "even if you were my blood brothers, I would not give you that permission without an examination." John of Ollis then said, "Then if we must be examined, will you call on Brother Hugh to examine us?" Hugh, the former provincial was in the house, but since he was a friend of John of Ollis and Salimbene, he would not allow it. Instead, he called the lecturer and tutor of the house. Brother Salimbene passed the test, but John of Ollis was sent back to take more studies. Trouble broke out in Paris where John had sent St. Bonaventure who was one of the greatest scholars of the Friars Minor. Blessed John went to Paris and was so humble and persuasive that the University Doctor who had caused the trouble, could only reply, "Blessed are you, and blessed are your words". Then John went back to his work at restoring discipline to his Order. Measures were taken to make sure the Friars obeyed the Rules of the Order. In spite of all his efforts, Blessed John was bitterly opposed. He became convinced that he was not capable of carrying out the reforms that he felt was necessary. So he resigned his office and nominated St. Bonaventure as his successor. John retired to the hermitage of Greccio, the place where St. Francis had prepared the first Christmas crib. He spent the last thirty years of his life there in retirement. He died on March 19, 1289 and many miracles were soon reported at his tomb. His feast day is March 20th.
John of Parma (c. 1209 – 19 March 1289) was an Italian Franciscan friar, who served as one of the first Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor (1247–1257). He was also a noted theologian of the period.
Life
John was born about 1209[1] in the medieval commune of Parma in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna; his family name was probably Buralli. Educated by an uncle, chaplain of the Church of St. Lazarus at Parma, his progress in learning was such that he quickly became a teacher of philosophy (magister logicæ). When and where he entered the Order of Friars Minor (commonly called the "Franciscans"), the old sources do not say. Affò[2] assigns 1233 as the year, and Parma as the probable place. Ordained a priest, he taught theology at the University of Bologna and the University of Naples, and finally taught the Sentences of Peter Lombard at the University of Paris. He assisted at the First Council of Lyons in 1245, representing the current Minister General, Crescentius of Jesi, who was too ill to attend.[3]
Minister General
At the General Chapter of the Order held at Lyons in July 1247, John was elected Minister General, at the suggestion of Pope Innocent IV, who had been impressed by him during his service at the Council of Lyons two years earlier.[4] He was elected with the support of the rigorist branch of the Order (known as the Fraticelli), which office he held till 2 February 1257. The desire for the original fervor of the Order animated the new Minister General and of his purposes for the full observance of the Rule of St. Francis, reflects from the joy recorded by Angelus Clarenus among the survivors of Francis's first companions at his election—though Giles of Assisi's words sound somewhat pessimistic: "Welcome, Father, but you come late".[5]
John set to work immediately. Wishing to know personally the state of the Order, he began visiting every community of friars. His first visit was to England, where he was extremely satisfied, and where he was received by King Henry III of England.[6] At Sens in France, King Louis IX (later a member of the Third Order of St. Francis) honored with his presence the Provincial Chapter held by John.
Having visited the Provinces of Burgundy and of Provence, he set out in September 1248, for Spain, whence Pope Innocent recalled him to entrust him with an embassy to the East. Before departing, John appears to have held the General Chapter of Metz in 1249 (others put it after the embassy, 1251). It was at this Chapter that John refused to draw up new statutes to avoid overburdening the friars.[7] Only some new rubrics were promulgated, which in a later chapter in Genoa (1254) were included in the official ceremonial of the Order.[8] The object of John's embassy to the East was reunion with the Eastern Orthodox Church, whose representatives he met at Nice, and who saluted him as an "angel of peace". John's mission bore no immediate fruit, though it may have prepared the way for the union decreed at the Council of Lyons in 1274.
In his generalate occurred also the famous dispute between the mendicants and the Sorbonne University of Paris. According to Salimbene,[9] John went to Paris (probably in 1253), and, by his mild yet strenuous arguments, strove to secure peace. It was in connection with this attack on the Dominicans and the Franciscans that John of Parma and Humbert of Romans, Master General of the Dominicans, published at Milan in 1255 a letter recommending peace and harmony between the two Orders (text in Wadding, 111, 380). In the "Introductorius in Evangelium Æternum" of Gerard of S. Donnino (1254), John's friend, Humbert, was denounced by the professors of Paris and condemned by a commission at Anagni in 1256;[10] John himself was in some way compromised—a circumstance which, combined with others, finally brought about the end of his generalate. He convened a General chapter at Rome on 2 February 1257. If Peregrinus of Bologna[11] is correct, Pope Alexander IV secretly intimated to John that he should resign, and decline reelection should it be offered him, while Salimbene[12] insists that John resigned of his own free will. The pope may have exerted some pressure on John, who was only too glad to resign, seeing himself unable to promote henceforth the good of the Order. Questioned as to the choice of a successor, he proposed Bonaventure, who had succeeded him as professor at Paris.
Later life
John retired to the hermitage at the famed village of Greccio, near Rieti, memorable for the Nativity scene first introduced there by Francis of Assisi. There he lived in voluntary exile and complete solitude; his cell near a rock is still shown. But another trial awaited him. Accused of Joachimism, he was submitted to a canonical process at Cittá della Pieve (in Umbria), reportedly presided over by Bonaventure and Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Cardinal protector of the Order. The mention of this cardinal as protector brings us to a chronological difficulty, overlooked by writers who assign the process against John to 1257; for Alexander IV (1254–61) retained the protectorship[13] and Orsini became protector, at the earliest, at the end of 1261.[14]
Angelus Clarenus tells us that the concealed motive of this process was John's attachment to the literal observance of the Rule; the accusation of Joachimism, against which he professed his Catholic faith, being only a pretext. Other sources, however,[15] speak of retractation. Clarenus relates that John would have been condemned had it not been for the powerful intervention of Innocent IV's nephew, Cardinal Ottoboni Fioschi, later Pope Hadrian V.[16] John certainly did not profess the dogmatic errors of Joachimism, though he may have held some of its apocalyptic ideas.
Upon his acquittal, he returned to Greccio and continued his life of prayer and work. It was there, it is said, that an angel once served his Mass,[17] and that in 1285 he received the visit of Ubertin of Casale, who has left an account of this meeting.[18] Hearing that the Orthodox were abandoning the union agreed upon in 1274, John, now 80 years old, desired to use his last energies in the cause of Christian unity. He obtained the permission of Pope Nicolas IV to go to Greece, but reached only as far as Camerino, in the March of Ancona, where he died in the local friary on 19 March 1289.
He was beatified by Pope Pius VI in 1777; his feast day is celebrated by the Friars Minor on 20 March.
Works
With the exception of his letters, scarcely any literary work can, with surety, be attributed to John.
He is certainly not the author of the "Introductorius in Evangel. Æternum", nor of the "Visio Fratris Johannis de Parma".[19]
With more probability we can attribute to John the "Dialogus de vitia SS. Fratrum Minorum", partly edited by L. Lemmens, O.F.M. (Rome, 1902). The "Chronicle of the XXIV Generals"[20] ascribes to John the allegoric treatise on poverty: "Sacrum Commercium B. Francisci cum Domina Paupertate" (ed. Milan, 1539), edited by Ed. d'Alençon (Paris and Rome, 1900), who ascribes it (without sufficient reason) to John Parent. Carmichael has translated this edition: "The Lady Poverty, a thirteenth-century allegory" (London, 1901); another English translation is by Rawnsly (London, 1904); a good introduction and abridged version is given by Macdonell, "Sons of Francis", 189-213.
St. William of Penacorada
Feastday: March 20
Death: 1042
Benedictine founder. A monk in the monastery of Sathgun, in Leon, Spain, he fled with companions from the house in 988 when the monastery was under danger of Saracen attack. They settled at Penacorada and established the monastery of Santa Maria de los Valles, which was Iater named San Guillermo de Penacorda.
"Finisterra" redirects here. For other uses, see Finisterre (disambiguation).
Cape Finisterre (/ˌfɪnɪˈstɛər/,[1][2] also US: /-tɛri/;[3] Galician: Cabo Fisterra [fisˈtɛrɐ]; Spanish: Cabo Finisterre [finisˈtere]) is a rock-bound peninsula on the west coast of Galicia, Spain.[4]
In Roman times it was believed to be an end of the known world. The name Finisterre, like that of Finistère in France, derives from the Latin finis terrae, meaning "end of the earth". It is sometimes said to be the westernmost point of the Iberian Peninsula. However, Cabo da Roca in Portugal is about 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) farther west and thus the westernmost point of continental Europe. Even in Spain Cabo Touriñán is 124 metres (135 yards) farther west.
Monte Facho is the name of the mountain on Cape Finisterre, which has a peak that is 238 metres (781 ft) above sea level. A prominent lighthouse is at the top of Monte Facho. The seaside town of Fisterra is nearby.
The Artabri were an ancient Gallaecian Celtic tribe that once inhabited the area
Saint Wulfram of Sens
Also known as
• Wulfram of Fontenelle
• Offran, Oufran, Suffrain, Vuilfran, Vulfran, Vulfranno, Vulphran, Wilfranus, Wolfram, Wolframus, Wolfran, Wulframnus, Wulfran, Wulfrann, Wulfrannus
Additional Memorials
• 15 October (translation of relics)
• 8 November as one of the Saints of the Diocese of Evry
Profile
Son of an official in the court of King Dagobert. Courtier under Clotaire III. Priest. Benedictine. Archbishop of Sens, France in 682, but in 685 he surrendered his see to Saint Amatus, whom he felt was the rightful bishop. Gave away his lands and evangelized the Frisians in Scandanavia with a group of monks for twenty years, remembered there as the Christian crew who "bore the White Christ" to these people.
Converted the son of King Radbod, and was allowed to preach the Gospel. He met with some success, but it was a rough and pagan land. children were sacrificed to heathen gods by hanging or drowning in the sea; people would cast lots at festivals to pick a victim, and the loser was immediately hanged or cut to pieces. Wulfram appealed to King Radbod to stop the slaughter, but the king said it was their custom, and he could not change it. He challenged Wulfram to rescue the victims if he could; Wulfram then waded into the sea to save two children who had been tied to posts and left to die in the rising tide.
The turning point in the mission came with the rescue of Ovon. Ovon had been picked by lot to be sacrificed by hanging. Wulfram begged King Radbod to stop the killing, but the commoners were outraged at the sacrilege. Wulfram eventually obtained an agreement that if Wulfram's God saved Ovon's life, Wulfram and the God could have the man. Ovon was hanged, and swung from the rope for two hours, during which Wulfram prayed. When the heathens decided to leave Ovon for dead, the rope broke, Ovon fell - and was alive. Ovon became Wulfram's slave, his follower, a monk, and then a priest at Fontenelle. The faith of the missionaries (and their power to work miracles), frightened and awed the people who turned from their old ways, and were baptized.
Even King Radbod converted, but just before his baptism, Radbod asked where his ancestors were. Wulfram told him that idolators went to hell. "I will go to hell with my ancestors," said the King, "rather than be in heaven without them." Later, near death, Radbod sent for Saint Willibrord to baptize him, but died before the saint's arrival.
Wulfram's relics were translated from Fontenelle to Abbeville, and in 1062, they were moved to Rouen, France. The life of Wulfram was written by the monk Jonas of Fontenelle eleven years after his death.
Born
c.640; French
Died
• 20 March 703 at Fontenelle, France of natural causes
• relics at Abbeville, France
Patronage
• Abbeville, France
• against the dangers of the sea
Representation
• man baptizing a young king
• cleric with a young king nearby
• cleric arriving by ship with monks and baptizing a king
• baptizing the son of King Radbod
Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne
தூய கத்பர்ட் (மார்ச் 20)
இன்று நாம் நினைவுகூரும் கத்பர்ட், இங்கிலாந்து நாட்டில் உள்ள நார்த்தம்பிரியா என்னும் இடத்தில் 635 ஆம் ஆண்டு பிறந்தார். இவர் சிறுவயதிலே தன்னுடைய பெற்றோரை இழந்ததால், கென்ஸ்வித் என்பவருடைய பாதுகாப்பில்தான் வளர்ந்து வந்தார்.
கத்பர்ட், சிறுவயதில் பள்ளிக்குச் செல்லவில்லை, மாறாக ஆடுகளை ஓட்டிக்கொண்டு மெல்ரோஸ் என்ற மலைச்சரிவில் மேய்க்கச் சென்றார். அப்போது அங்கிருந்த ஆசிர்வாதப்பர் துறவற மடத்தைக் கண்டு, ஒருநாள் தானும் ஒரு துறவியாகவேண்டும் என்ற எண்ணம் கொண்டார். இதற்கிடையில் வயது வந்த இளைஞர்கள் யாவரும் நாட்டிற்காக இராணுவத்தில் சேர்ந்து போராடவேண்டும் என்றொரு நிலை உருவானது. எனவே, கத்பர்ட் இராணுவத்தில் சேர்ந்து நான்கு ஆண்டுகள் இராணுவத்தில் பணிபுரிந்தார். நான்கு ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு மீண்டுமாக தன்னுடைய சொந்த ஊருக்குத் திரும்பி வந்து, ஏற்கனவே செய்து வந்த வேலையைச் செய்து வந்தார்.
இச்சமயத்தில் ஒருநாள் தூய ஆர்டன் என்பவருடைய ஆன்மாவை வானதூதர்கள் தூக்கிக்கொண்டு போகும் காட்சியைக் கண்டார். இதனைக் கண்ட கத்பர்ட், தன்னுடைய ஆன்மாவையும் இவ்வுலக மாசுகளிலிருந்து காப்பாற்ற வேண்டும், அதற்கு நாம் துறவற வாழ்க்கையை மேற்கொள்வதே சரியானது என்று முடிவுசெய்து மெல்ரோஸ் மலைச்சரிவில் இருந்த தூய ஆசிர்வாதப்பர் சபையில் சேர்ந்து துறவியானார். கத்பர்ட், சிறுவயதில் பள்ளிக்குச் செல்லவில்லை என்றாலும் துறவற மடத்தில் சொல்லிக்கொடுக்கப்பட்ட பாடங்களை மிக எளிதாகக் கற்று, கல்வியில் சிறந்து விளங்கினார்.
இப்படி கத்பர்ட்டின் வாழ்க்கை மகிழ்ச்சியாய் போய்கொண்டிருந்த தருணத்தில், அவர் இருந்த துறவற மடத்தில் நிறையப் பேர் குறிப்பாக தலைமைப் பொறுப்பில் இருந்த தூய பாசில் உட்பட தொற்றுநோய் தாக்கி இறந்துபோனார்கள். அதனால் கத்பர்ட் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பை ஏற்றார். அக்காலத்தில் வழிபாடுகள் ஒழுகில்லாமல் நடைபெற்றுக்கொண்டிருந்தன. இதனைக் கவனித்த ஆயர் பேரவை உரோமை வழிபாட்டு முறையை எங்கும் அமுல்படுத்தக் கேட்டுக்கொண்டது. அதனடிப்படையில் கத்பர்ட் தான் இருந்த பகுதியில் உரோமை வழிபாட்டு முறையை அமுல்படுத்தினார். இது பிடிக்காத ஒருசிலர் அவருக்கு எதிராகக் கிளர்தெழுந்தார்கள். கத்பர்ட் அதற்கெல்லாம் அஞ்சாமல் மிகவும் துணிச்சலாக இருந்து இறைப்பணியைச் செய்து வந்தார்.
இதற்குப் பின்பு, அவர் பார்னா என்ற தீவிற்குச் சென்று, அங்கு தனிமையில் இறைவனிடம் ஜெபித்து வந்தார். அப்போது அவருக்கு லின்டிஸ்பர்னே என்னும் இடத்திற்கு ஆயராகப் பொறுபேற்க வேண்டும் என்றொரு அழைப்பு வந்தது. கத்பர்ட் அதனைக் கீழ்ப்படிதலோடு ஏற்றுக்கொண்டு சிறப்பான முறையில் இறைப்பணியைச் செய்து வந்தார். இப்படி அவர் ஓயாது பணிசெய்து வந்ததால் அவருடைய உடல் நலம் குன்றியது. இதனால் அவர் 686 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.
Also known as
• Thaumaturgus of England
• Wonder-Worker of England
Profile
Orphaned at an early age. Shepherd. Received a vision of Saint Aidan of Lindesfarne entering heaven; the sight led Cuthbert to become a Benedictine monk at age 17 at the monastery of Melrose, which had been founded by Saint Aidan. Guest-master at Melrose where he was know for his charity to poor travellers; legend says that he once entertained an angel disguised as a beggar. Spiritual student of Saint Boswell. Prior of Melrose in 664.
Due to a dispute over liturgical practice, Cuthbert and other monks abandoned Melrose for Lindisfarne. There he worked with Saint Eata. Prior and then abbot of Lindesfarne until 676. Hermit on the Farnes Islands. Bishop of Hexham, England. Bishop of Lindesfarne in 685. Friend of Saint Ebbe the Elder. Worked with plague victims in 685. Noted (miraculous) healer. Had the gift of prophecy.
Evangelist in his diocese, often to the discomfort of local authorities both secular and ecclesiastical. Presided over his abbey and his diocese during the time when Roman rites were supplanting the Celtic, and all the churches in the British Isles were brought under a single authority.
Born
634 somewhere in the British Isles
Died
• 20 March 687 at Lindesfarne, England of natural causes
• interred with the head of Saint Oswald, which was buried with him for safe keeping
• body removed to Durham Cathedral at Lindesfarne in 1104
• his body, and the head of Saint Oswald, were incorrupt
Representation
• eagles
• bishop accompanied by swans and otters
• bishop holding the crowned head of Saint Oswald
• hermit with tau staff being fed by an eagle
• incorrupt body being found with a chalice on his breast
• man praying by the sea
• man rebuilding a hut and driving out devils
• man rebuking crows
• man tended by eagles
• man tended by swans
• man tended by sea otters
• man with a Benedictine monk kissing his feet
• man with pillars of light above him
Patronage
• against plague and epidemics
• boatmen, mariners, sailors, watermen
• shepherds
• England
• Hexham and Newcastle, England, diocese of
• Lancaster, England, diocese of
• Durham, England
• Northumbria, England
Blessed Ambrose Sansedoni of Siena
Also known as
• Ambrogio Sansedoni
• Ambrose Sansedone
Profile
The son of a book illuminator, he was born so badly deformed that his mother gave him off to the care of a nurse. The nurse claimed that the only time the child was peaceful was in the local Dominican church, especially when near the altar of relics. Legend says that one day in church, the nurse covered the baby's face with a scarf; an unknown pilgrim told her, "Do not cover that child's face. He will one day be the glory of this city." A few days later the child suddenly stretch out his twisted limbs, pronounced the name "Jesus", and all deformity left him.
A pious child, getting up during the nights to pray and meditate. At age two he was given the choice of two of his father's books - and chose the one about saints. From age seven he daily recited the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin. He was always charitable, and even when young he worked with the poor, the abandoned, and the sick.
When he announced he wanted to join the preaching friars, his parents and friends tried to talk him out of it. But Ambrose had heard the call, and he joined the Dominicans in Siena, Italy in 1237 on his 17th birthday.
He studied in Paris, France, and Cologne, Germany with Saint Thomas Aquinas and Pope Blessed Innocent V under Saint Albert the Great. Taught in Cologne. Ambrose wanted to write, but saw the greatness of Saint Thomas, decided he could not match it, and devoted himself to preaching.
Worked on diplomatic missions for popes and secular rulers. Evangelized in Germany, France, and Italy; his preaching helped lead Blessed Franco of Siena to the solitary life. Mystic with a deep contemplative prayer life. He received ecstacies and visions, was known to levitate when preaching, and was seen circled in a mystic light in which flew bright birds.
Born
16 April 1220 at Siena, Italy
Died
20 March 1287 at Siena, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
8 October 1622 by Pope Gregory XV (cultus confirmed)
Patronage
• affianced couples
• betrothed couples
• engaged couples
• Siena, Italy
Representation
• Dominican preaching
• Dominican holding a book
• Dominican holding a model of Siena, Italy
• Dominican with a dove at his ear
Saint John Nepomucene
Also known as
• Jan Nepomucký
• John Nepomucen
• John of Nepomuk
• John Wolflin
• Johannes von Nepomuk
• Martyr of the Confessional
Profile
While a child, he was cured by the prayers of his parents; they then consecrated him to God. Priest. Known as a great preacher who converted thousands. Vicar-general of Prague (in the modern Czech Republic). Counselor and advocate of the poor in the court of King Wenceslaus IV. He refused several bishoprics. Confessor to the queen, he taught her to bear the cross of her ill-tempered husband the king. Imprisoned for refusing to disclose the queen's confession to the king. When he continued to honor the seal of the confessional, he was ordered executed. Symbol of Bohemian nationalism. His image has been used in art as a symbol of the sacrament of Confession, and many bridges in Europe bear his likeness as their protector.
Born
c.1340 at Nepomuk, Bohemia (in modern Czech Republic) as John Wolflin
Died
• burned, then tied to a wheel and thrown off a bridge into the Moldau River (in the modern Czech Republic) to drown on 20 March 1393
• on the night of his death, seven stars hovered over the place where he drowned
Canonized
19 March 1729 by Pope Benedict XIII
Patronage
• against calumnies or slander
• against floods
• against indiscretions
• bridges and bridge builders
• confessors and for a good confession
• for discretion and silence
• running water
• Bohemia
• Czech Republic
• archdiocese of Prague, Czech Republic
Representation
priest with a halo made of seven stars
Blessed John Baptist Spagnuolo
Also known as
• Baptista Mantuanus
• Baptista Spagnoli
• Baptista Spagnolo
• Baptista Spagnuoli Mantuanus
• Baptista Spanuoli Mantuanus
• Baptistae Mantuani
• Battista Spagnoli
• Battista Spagnuoli
• Giovanni Baptista Mantuanus
• Johannes Baptista Mantuanus
• Mantuan
• Mantuanus
• Mantuanus Baptista
Profile
Son of Peter Spagnoli, a Spanish nobleman assigned to the court in Mantua, Italy. Studied in Padua, Italy where a wild life put him briefly at the mercy of loan sharks, and got him thrown out of his father's house. Drifted through Venice, Italy. Experienced a conversion to the faithCarmelite at age 16 at Ferrara, Italy. Elected vicar-general of his congregation six times. Prior-general of the Carmelites in 1513. Noted poet, writing over 55,000 lines of Latin verse; has been criticized for excessive use of pagan mythological images in his work, but was referred to as the Good old Mantuan by Shakespeare in Love's Labour Lost. Eminent representative of Italian Christian Humanism.
Born
17 April 1447 at Mantua, Italy
Died
20 March 1516 at Mantua, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
1890 by Pope Leo XIII
Blessed Nikollë Prennushi
Also known as
Vinçenc
Profile
Nikollë entered the Franciscan Friars Minor in 1900, taking the name Vinçenc, and made his profession at Salzburg, Austria on 12 December 1904. He studied theology and philosopher in Innsbruck, Austria, and was ordained a priest in Salzburg on 19 March 1908. He wrote, poetry, books and articles for newspapers and magazines on political and international topics, and collected Albanian folklore. Chosen bishop of Sapë, Albania by Pope Pius XI on 27 February 1936. Chosen archbishop of Durrës, Alabania by Pope Pius XII on 26 June 1940. Arrested by Communist authorities on 19 May 1947 and sentenced to 20 years in prison for the crime of staying loyal to Rome and not turning everything over the national church formed by the Communists. After a show trial, he was sentenced to prison where he was tortured, abused and neglected to death. Martyr.
Born
4 September 1885 in Shkodrë, Albania
Died
20 March 1949 in prison in Durrës, Albania of abuse and repeated torture
Beatified
• 5 November 2016 by Pope Francis
• beatification celebrated at the Square of the Cathedral of Shën Shtjefnit, Shkodër, Albania, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato
Saint Jósef Bilczewski
Also known as
• Giuseppe Bilczewski
• Joseph Bilczewski
• Jozef Bilczewski
• Yosyp Bil'chevs'kyi
Profile
Eldest of nine children in a peasant family. Seminarian at Krakow, Poland. Ordained on 6 July 1884. Doctor of theology at the University of Vienna, Austria in 1886. Studied dogmatic theology and Christian archaeology in Rome, Italy and Paris, France. Professor of theology at the University of Lviv in 1891. Archbishop of Leopoli, Ukraine on 17 December 1900. Often intervened with civil authorities on behalf of Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. Guided his flock during World War I (1914 to 1918), the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918-1919), the Bolshevik invasion (1919-1920), and the anti-Catholic terror started by the Communists; from 1918-1921 his archdiocese lost about 120 priests. Fought to protect everyone in his see, regardless of race or religion.
Born
26 April 1860 at Wilamowice, Austria (modern Ukraine)
Died
20 March 1923 at Lviv, Ukraine of pernicious anemia
Canonized
23 October 2005 by Pope Benedict XVI at Rome, Italy
Blessed Francis Palau y Quer
Also known as
• Francisco Palau y Quer
• Francesc Palau Quer
• Francesc of Jesus, Mary, Joseph
Profile
Joined the Carmelites in 1832. Ordained in 1836. Civil disorder forced him into exile. He returned to Spain in 1851 and founded his School of Virtue at Barcelona to teach catechism. For non-theological reasons, his school was suppressed and he was exiled to Ibiza from 1854 to 1860. Founded the Congregation of Carmelite Brothers and Congregation of Carmelite Sisters in 1860-1861 in the Balearic Islands. Preached popular missions and devotion to Our Lady.
Born
29 December 1811 at Aythona, Lerida, Spain
Died
20 March 1872 at Tarragona, Spain of natural causes
Beatified
24 April 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Maria Josefa Sancho de Guerra
Also known as
Maria Josefa of the Heart of Jesus
Profile
Nun, joining the Institute of the Servants of Mary at age 18, taking name Maria Josefa of the Heart of Mary. Helped found the Institute of the Servants of Jesus in Bilbao, Spain in 1871; the Institute sisters care for the children, the sick, the elderly and the abandoned in hospital and in their homes. By her death, the Insitute had 43 houses and 1,000 sisters; they continue their good work today with 100 houses in 16 countries.
Born
7 September 1842 in Vitoria, Basque Country, Spain
Died
20 March 1912 in Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain of natural causes
Canonized
1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Martin of Braga
Also known as
• Martin of Dumio
• Martin of Panónia
• Martin of Dume
• Martin Bracarense
• Martin Dumiense
• Martinho...
Profile
Monk in Palestine. In 550 he introduces communal monasticism into Galatia in Spain. Abbot at the Dumio Monastry in Dume, Portugal and missionary to the Arians and pagans of the area by May 561. Bishop of Mondoñedo, Spain. Archbishop of Braga, Portugal by 572. Writer who left text of his homilies and sermons, and moral, liturgical, and ascetical treatises.
Born
515-520 at Pannonia
Died
580 at Braga, Portugal of natural causes
Patronage
Braga, Portugal
Saint Herbert of Derwentwater
Profile
Benedictine monk and priest. Disciple and friend of Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne. Hermit on the island of Lake Derwentwater, later called Saint Herbert's Island. Each year he visited Cuthbert at Lindisfarne. In 686 Cuthbert visited Herbert on his island, and told him that if he had anything to ask, he must do so because he foresaw he would soon die. They both prayed they go together. Soon after, Herbert fell ill; the illness lasted till 20 March 687 when both saints died. In 1374, Bishop Thomas Appleby of Carlisle ordered the vicar of Crosthwaite to celebrate a sun Mass on Saint Herbert's Isle each year on his feast, and granted 40 days Indulgence to all who visited on this day. Ruins of a circular stone building there may be connected with him.
Died
20 March 687 of natural causes
Saint Clement of Ireland
Also known as
• Clemens Scotus
• Clement of the Paris Schools
Profile
Clement and his companion Ailbe, arrived in Gaul in 772, and opened shop as teachers. Their fame spread, and Charlemagne sent for them to come to his court, where they stayed for several months. Ailbe was given direction of a monastery near Pavia, Italy. Clement stayed in France as regent of the Paris school from 775 until his death. Legend says that Clement founded the University of Paris, which in a metaphorical sense he did since he started a great tradition of learning in the city.
Born
c.750 in Ireland
Died
• 20 March 818 in Auxerre, France of natural causes
• interred in the church of Saint-Amator
Saint Archippus of Colossi
Also known as
Archippus the Apostle
Additional Memorials
• 19 February (with Philemon and Appia)
• 6 July (with Onesimus)
• 22 November (with Philemon and Appia)
Profile
Companion of Saint Paul the Apostle. Tradition says he was one of the 72 disciples. In the canonical Epistle to the Colossians, Paul bids him "take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfill it."
Born
possibly at Colossae or Laodicea; records vary
Died
1st century
Blessed Hippolytus Galantini
Also known as
Ippolito Galantini
Profile
Silk-weaver. From age twelve, he assisted priests in teaching children their catechism. As an adult, he formed the congregation of Italian Doctrinarians, who taught children catechism.
Born
1565 at Florence, Italy
Died
1619 of natural causes
Beatified
29 June 1825 by Pope Leo XII
Saint Guillermo de Peñacorada
Also known as
William of Peñacorada
Profile
Monk in Sahagún, León, Spain. He and his brothers fled from there ahead of invading Saracens, and settled in Peñacorada, Spain. Built the monastery of Santa Maria de los Valles, which was later renamed San Guillermo de Peñacorada in his honour.
Died
c.1042
Blessed Jeanne Veron
Additional Memorial
21 January as one of the Blessed Martyrs of Laval
Profile
Member of the Sisters of Charity of Our Lady of Evron. Martyred in the French Revolution.
Born
6 August 1766 in Quelaines, Mayenne, France
Died
20 March 1794 in Laval, Mayenne, France
Beatified
19 June 1955 by Pope Pius XII at Rome, Italy
Saint John Sergius
Also known as
John of Mar Sabas
Profile
Monk at the eremetical abbey (a laura) of Saint Sabas' near Jerusalem. Martyred with 20 other monks in an Arab anti-Christian raid during which many others were injured but escaped; one of them, named Stephen, wrote a poem in honour of the group known as the Martyrs of Mar Sabas.
Died
martyred in 796
Saint Alexandra of Amisus
Also known as
• Alexandra of Samsun
• Alessandra
Profile
Christian woman martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.
Died
burned to death c.300 in Amisus, Paphlagonia (modern Samsun, Turkey)
Saint Caldia of Amisus
Also known as
Claudia
Profile
Christian woman martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.
Died
burned to death c.300 at Amisus, Paphlagonia (in modern Turkey)
Saint Remigius of Strasbourg
Also known as
Remi, Remidius
Profile
Born to the nobility, the son of Hugh of Alsace; cousin of Saint Odilia of Hohenburg. Abbot of Münster near Colmar, France. Bishop of Strasbourg, France in 776.
Died
783
Saint Anastasius XVI
Also known as
• Anastasius of Jerusalem
• Anastasius of Saint Sabas
Profile
Monk. Archimandrite of Saint Sabas Abbey in Jerusalem. Murdered with his brothers in an attack by a band of thieves.
Died
797
Martyrs of San Sabas
Profile
Twenty monks who were martyred together in their monastery by invading Saracens.
Died
797 when they were burned inside the San Sabas monastery in Palestine
Saint Nicetas of Apollonias
Profile
Bishop of Apollonias in Bithynia (in modern Turkey). Persecuted and exiled to Anatolia for opposing the iconoclasm of emperor Leo III.
Saint Urbitius of Metz
Profile
Bishop of Metz, France. Built a church in honour of Saint Felix of Nola; it became part of the Saint Clement monastery.
Died
c.420
Saint Tertricus of Langres
Profile
Son of Saint Gregory of Langres; uncle of Saint Gregory of Tours. Bishop of Langres, France c.540.
Died
572
Saint Benignus of Flay
Also known as
Benignus of Fontenelle
Profile
Monk and abbot at Fontenelle and Flay in France.
Died
725
Saint Cathcan of Rath-derthaighe
Profile
Bishop of Rath-derthaighe, Ireland.
Martyrs of Amisus
Profile
A group of Christian women martyred together in the persecutions of Diocletian. The only details we have are eight of their names - Alexandra, Caldia, Derphuta, Euphemia, Euphrasia, Juliana, Matrona and Theodosia.
Died
burned to death c.300 in Amisus, Paphlagonia (modern Samsun, Turkey)
Martyrs of Rome
Profile
A group of Christians martyred together in the persecutions of Nero. We know nothing else about them but the names Anatolius, Cyriaca, Joseph, Parasceve, Photis, Photius, Sebastian and Victor.
Martyrs of Syria
Profile
A group of Christians who were martyred together in Syria. We know nothing else about them but the names Cyril, Eugene and Paul.
Also celebrated but no entry yet
• Eithene
• Michel Carnano
