St. Bernard
Feastday: February 27
Mary, Gracia, Paphnutius (real Bishop, Papinianus and Mansuelus. Blacks named originally Achmed, Zoraida, and Laida, martyrs; African Bishops, in Roman Emperor Diocletian's persecutions. Martyrs Besas, Cronian, and Julian, martyrs at Alexandria. (Associate of Julianus).
St. Augustus Chapdelaine
orn January 6, 1814
Kingdom of France
Died 29 February 1856 (aged 42)
Guangxi, Qing Dynasty
Venerated in Catholic Church
Canonized 1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II
Feast 27 February
Martyr of China. Born in 1814, in France, Augustus was ordained to the priesthood in the Paris Society of the Foreign Missions. He was sent to China after a brief period of parish work, going to Kwang-si. There he was taken prisoner during the persecution of the Church and was put to death brutally. He was beatified in 1900.
Auguste Chapdelaine, Chinese name Mǎ Lài (Chinese: 馬賴; 6 February 1814 – 29 February 1856) was a French Christian missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. France used his death–– Chapdelaine was executed by Chinese officials–– as a casus belli for its participation in the Second Opium War.[1]
Biography
Chapdelaine was born on a farm in La Rochelle-Normande, France. By the age of twenty, he had entered the seminary at Coutances. He was ordained a priest in 1843 and in 1851 joined the Institute of Foreign Missions in Paris. He left from Antwerp in April 1852 to join the Catholic mission in the Guangxi province of China.[2] The Taiping Rebellion led to suspicion of Christians and foreigners were forbidden to enter the area.
After a stay in Guangzhou, he moved to Guiyang, capital of the Guizhou province, in the spring of 1854. In December, he went, together with Lu Tingmei, to Yaoshan village, Xilin County of Guangxi, where he met the local Catholic community of around 300 people. He celebrated his first mass there on 8 December 1854. He was arrested and thrown into the Xilin county prison ten days after his arrival, and was released after sixteen or eighteen days of captivity.
Following personal threats, he went back to Guizhou in early 1855, and came back to Guangxi in December of the same year. He was denounced on February 22, 1856, by Bai San, a relative of a new convert, while the local tribunal was on holiday. He was arrested in Yaoshan, together with other Chinese Catholics, by orders of Zhang Mingfeng, the new local mandarin on 25 February 1856. Chapdelaine was accused of stirring up insurrection, and refused to pay a bribe. Condemned to decapitation, he was severely beaten and locked into a small iron cage, which was hung at the gate of the jail.[citation needed] He had already died when he was decapitated. His head was hung from a tree.[1]
Diplomacy
His death was reported by the head of the French missions in Hong Kong on 12 July. The chargé d'affaires, de Courcy, in Macau learned of the execution on 17 July, and filed a vigorous protest on 25 July to the Chinese Imperial Viceroy Ye Mingchen. On 30 July, he sent a report to the French foreign office of the execution.
The viceroy responded to de Courcy by pointing out that Chapdelaine had already violated Chinese law by preaching Christianity in the interior (the 1844 treaty signed with France only permitted for the propagation of Christianity in the five treaty ports opened to the French), he also claimed that the priest was in a rebel territory and that many of his converts had already been arrested for acts of treason, and the viceroy further claimed that Chapdelaine's mission had nothing in common with the propagation of religion.[3]
Under French diplomatic pressure, the mandarin who ordered his death was later demoted. When Britain went to war with China in the same year (commencing the Second Opium War (1856–60)), France initially declared its neutrality, but de Courcy made it known that French sympathy was with the British due to the Chapdelaine incident.[3]
In 1857, de Bourboulon, the French plenipotentiary, arrived in Hong Kong and attempted to negotiate reparations for the execution of Chapdelaine and to revise the treaty. He failed to reach an agreement with Yeh.[3]
Talks continued into December of that year. Viceroy Yeh on 14 December stated that he had received a report that the person who was killed was a member of a triad society with a similar Chinese name to Chapdelaine was executed as a rebel in March, and that this was not the same person as Chapdelaine. He also complained that in the past many French citizens had gone into the interior to preach, and he cited the case of six missionaries who had been arrested and were handed over to French custody.[3] The French embassy found Yeh's reply to be evasive, derisory and a formal refusal of French demands. French military action began soon afterwards.[citation needed]
The Second Opium War
According to historian Anthony Clark, "there is no doubt Chapdelaine's death was exploited for imperialist gain".[1] The French Empire had many times suffered the death of missionaries for which no military vengeance occurred. The political situation wherein Britain's victory was seen as inevitable and the French desire to make its own imperial gains in China, alongside the fact that the French did not have a policy elsewhere of punitive military expeditions to avenge the death of missionaries, has led many historians to conclude that the death of Chapdelaine was merely an excuse used in order to declare war so that France could build its empire.[4][5][6]
Lord Elgin, the British High Commissioner for China commented on the French ultimatum given prior to France's entry to the war:
Gros [the French ambassador] showed me a projet de note [draft note] when I called on him some days ago. It is very long and very well written. The fact is, that he has had a much better case of quarrel than we; at least one that lends itself much better to rhetoric.[3]
The Chinese version of Article Six in the Sino-French Peking Convention, signed at the end of the war, gave Christians the right to spread their faith in China and to French missionaries to hold property.
Recognition and controversy
Chapdelaine was beatified in 1900[citation needed]. He was canonized on 1 October 2000, by Pope John Paul II, together with 120 Christian martyrs who had died in China between the 17th and 20th century.
Anthony Clark maintains that China's version of history is "largely contrived" and completely unsupported, and that notions that Chapdelaine was "a lascivious womanizer" and spy are "unsupportable in any historical records".
St. Leander of Seville
Born c. 534
Cartagena, in modern Spain
Died c. 13 March 600/601
Seville, Spain
Venerated in Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Feast 13 March (Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church) and 27 February (Eastern Orthodox Church)
Attributes episcopal attire
St. Leander of Seville, Bishop (Feast - February 27th) Leander was born at Cartagena, Spain, of Severianus and Theodora, illustrious for their virtue. St. Isidore and Fulgentius, both bishops were his brothers, and his sister, Florentina, is also numbered among the saints. He became a monk at Seville and then the bishop of the See. He was instrumental in converting the two sons Hermenegild and Reccared of the Arian Visigothic King Leovigild. This action earned him the kings's wrath and exile to Constantinople, where he met and became close friends of the Papal Legate, the future Pope Gregory the Great. It was Leander who suggested that Gregory write the famous commentary on the Book of Job called the Moralia. Once back home, under King Reccared, St. Leander began his life work of propagating Christian orthodoxy against the Arians in Spain. The third local Council of Toledo (over which he presided in 589) decreed the consubstantiality of the three Persons of the Trinity and brought about moral reforms. Leander's unerring wisdom and unflagging dedication let the Visigoths and the Suevi back to the true Faith and obtained the gratitude of Gregory the Great. The saintly bishop also composed an influential Rule for nuns and was the first to introduce the Nicene Creed at Mass. Worn out by his many activities in the cause of Christ, Leander died around 600 and was succeeded in the See of Seville by his brother Isidore. The Spanish Church honors Leander as the Doctor of the Faith.
Leander of Seville (Spanish: San Leandro de Sevilla; Latin: Sanctus Leandrus; c. 534 AD, in Cartagena – 13 March 600 or 601, in Seville) was the Bishop of Seville. He was instrumental in effecting the conversion of the Visigothic kings Hermengild and Reccared to Catholicism. His brother (and successor as bishop) was the encyclopedist St. Isidore of Seville.
Life
Leander, Isidore and their siblings belonged to an elite family of Hispano-Roman stock of Carthago Nova. Their father Severianus is claimed to have been a dux or governor of Cartagena, according to their hagiographers, though this seems more of a fanciful interpretation since Isidore simply states that he was a citizen. The family as a matter of course were staunch Catholics, as were most of the Romanized population; the Visigothic nobles and the kings were Arians.
The family moved to Seville around 554. The children's subsequent public careers reflect their distinguished origin: Leander and Isidore both became bishops of Seville, and their sister Florentina was an abbess who directed forty convents and one thousand nuns. The third brother, Fulgentius, was appointed Bishop of Écija. All four siblings are considered saints of the Roman Catholic Church.[1]
There was less Visigothic persecution of Catholics than legend and hagiography have painted. From a modern standpoint, the dangers of Catholic Christianity were more political. The Catholic hierarchy were in collusion with the representatives of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine emperor, who had maintained a considerable territory in the far south of Hispania ever since his predecessor had been invited to the peninsula by the former Visigothic king several decades before.[citation needed] In the north, Liuvigild struggled to maintain his possessions on the far side of the Pyrenees, where his Merovingian cousins and brothers-in-law cast envious eyes on them.
Leander, enjoying an elite position in the secure surroundings of tolerated Catholic culture in Seville, became, around 576, a Benedictine monk, and then in 579 he was appointed bishop of Seville. In the meantime he founded a celebrated school, which soon became a center of Catholic learning. As bishop he had access to the Catholic Merovingian princess Ingunthis, who had come as a bride for the kingdom's heir, and he assisted her to convert her husband Hermenegild, the eldest son of Liuvigild, an act that cannot honestly be divorced from a political context. Leander defended the new convert even when he went to war with his father "against his father's cruel reprisals". Pierre Suau puts it, "In endeavoring to save his country from Arianism, Leander showed himself an orthodox Christian and a far-sighted patriot."[1]
Exiled by Liuvigild, as his biographies express it, when the rebellion failed, he withdrew to Byzantium – perhaps quite hastily – from 579 to 582. It is possible, but not proven, that he sought to rouse the Byzantine Emperor Tiberius II Constantine to take up arms against the Arian king; but in any case the attempt was without result. He profited, however, by his stay at Byzantium to compose works against Arianism, and there became acquainted with the future Pope Gregory the Great, at that time legate of Pope Pelagius II at the Byzantine court (Later Gregory sent him a copy of Pastoral Care). A close friendship thenceforth united the two men, and some of their correspondence survives.[2] In 585 Liuvigild put to death his intransigent son Hermenegild, who is a martyr and saint of the Catholic Church and also of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Liuvigild himself died in 589.[1] It is not known exactly when Leander returned from exile, but he had a share in the conversion of Reccared the heir of Liuvigild, and retained an influence over him.
Leander introduced the recitation of the Nicene Creed at Mass, as a way to help reinforce the faith of his people against Arianism.[3] In 589, he convoked the Third Council of Toledo, where Visigothic Hispania abjured Arianism. Leander delivered the triumphant closing sermon which his brother Isidore entitled Homilia de triumpho ecclesiae ob conversionem Gothorum ("a homily upon the triumph of the Church and the conversion of the Goths"). On his return from this council, Leander convened a synod in his metropolitan city of Seville (Conc. Hisp., I), and never afterwards ceased his efforts to consolidate the work of extirpating the remains of Arianism, in which his brother and successor St. Isidore was to follow him.
Works
Only two works remain of this writer: De institutione virginum et contemptu mundi (a monastic rule composed for his sister) and Homilia de triumpho ecclesiæ ob conversionem Gothorum (P.L, LXXII). St. Isidore wrote of his brother: "This man of suave eloquence and eminent talent shone as brightly by his virtues as by his doctrine. By his faith and zeal the Gothic people have been converted from Arianism to the Catholic faith" (De script. eccles., xxviii).
Legacy
The city of San Leandro in the US state of California is named after St. Leander. His feast days are 13 March (Catholic Church),[4] and 27 February (Eastern Orthodox Church)
Blessed Marie Deluil-Martiny
Also known as
• Sister Marie of Jesus
• Sister Mary of Jesus
• Marie-Caroline-Philomène Deluil-Martiny
Profile
The oldest of five children (she had one brother and three sisters) born to upper middle class parents; she was baptized on the day of her birth. Her father was Paul Deluil-Martiny, a lawyer, and she was the great-niece of Venerable Anne–Madeleine Rémuzat. Marie received a good early education from Visitation Sisters in her home town, and then the Sisters of the Sacred Heart in Lyons, France. She made her First Communion on 22 December 1853, and received Confirmation on 29 January 1854; Saint Eugène de Mazenod assisted at the Confirmation. At age 15, she and some like-minded school friends started a group and called themselves the Oblates of Mary; while it indicated a devotion, their teachers stopped it immediately as there was a risk of them deviating from orthodox Christianity without proper leadership.
Marie began to understand that she had a call to religious life; she starting keeping a spiritual journal, and when she was of age, turned down several marriage proposals. She heard Saint John Marie Vianney preach, and later met with him to discuss her vocation; he encouraged her to follow the call. On 9 March 1864, Marie founded the Guard of Honour of the Sacred Heart, also known as the Association of Presence to the Heart of Jesus, which promoted devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the Eucharist; it received canonical status on 7 June 1872. In June 1865 as part of her work with the Guard of Honour, she met, befriended and inspired Saint Daniel Comboni in his missionary work; they corresponded for years. In December 1866, while on a spiritual retreat conducted in honour of the beatification of Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque, Marie heard Father Jean Calage preach on the Sacred Heart; she explained her call to religious life to him, and he became her spiritual director.
On 20 June 1873, with the help of Father Calage, Marie founded the Congregation of the Daughters of the Heart of Jesus in Berchem, Antwerp, Belgium with a mission to promote devotion the Sacred Heart, and to pray continuously for priests. Their constitution, based on the teachings of Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was completed in 1875, they received diocesan approval on 2 February 1876 from Cardinal Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps, Marie and the first sisters made their vows on 22 August 1878, and Sister Marie served as the group’s superior the rest of her life. They established the first convent on 24 June 1879, received a papal decree of praise on 25 February 1888, was granted full papal approval of Pope Leo XIII on 2 February 1902, and continue their good work today in Belgium, France, Austria, Italy and Croatia. Marie saw few of these successes as she was murdered by Louis Chave, an angry, lazy, down-and-out anarchist whom Marie had hired as gardener at La Servianne in order to give him a chance at a better life.
Born
28 May 1841 in Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France as Marie-Caroline-Philomène Deluil-Martiny
Died
• shot twice at point-blank range with a revolver, damaging her carotid artery, on Ash Wednesday, 27 February 1884 in La Servianne, Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France
• buried with family in Marseille
• re-interred at the Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Berchem, Antwerp, Belgium in 1899 when the Daughters were expelled from France
• relics exhumed and inspected on 4 March 1989 as part of the canonization investigation
• re-interred at the mother-house of the Daughters of the Heart of Jesus in Rome, Italy on 28 September 2013
Beatified
22 October 1989 by Pope John Paul II
Patronage
Daughters of the Heart of Jesus
Blessed Maria Caridad Brader
Also known as
• Caritas Brader
• Karolina Brader Zahner
• Maria Josefa Carolina Brader
• Mary Charity of the Love of the Holy Spirit
• Mary Josephine Caroline
• María Caridad of the Holy Spirit
• María Charitas of the Holy Spirit
• Mother Caritas
Profile
The only child of Joseph Sebastian Brader and Maria Anna Carolina Zahner. Raised in a pious family, she was known as a highly intelligent child, and received the best education her parents could provide. There were high expectations for the girl's future, but instead of continued study she felt a call to the religious life. Mary Josephine joined the Franciscan convent at Maria Hilf, Alstatten 1 October 1880, taking the name Mary Charity of the Love of the Holy Spirit, and making her final vows on 22 August 1882.
She was initially assigned as a teacher. When it became possible for cloistered nuns to work as missionaries, Sister Caritas volunteered to be one of the first six sisters to work in Chone, Ecuador in 1888. She worked for five years as a teacher and children's catechist. In 1893 she was transferred to Tùquerres, Colombia where conditions were rough but where she taught the faith to the poor and outcast.
To prepare additional missionaries she founded the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of Mary Immaculate in Tuquerres, Colombia on 31 March 1893. Initially composes of young Swiss girls with a call to missionary work, they were soon joined by Colombian and other local women. Caritas served as Superior General for the Congregation from 1893 to 1919, and again from 1928 to 1940. The Sisters emphasized good education for themselves and their charges, and deep prayer lives for everyone. They received papal approval in 1933, and today work in Central and South America, Mexico, Switzerland, Mali, Romania and the United States.
Born
14 August 1860 in Kaltbrunn, Switzerland as Maria Josefa Carolina Brader at Kaltbrunn, Saint Gallen, Switzerland
Died
• 27 February 1943 in Pasto, Colombia of natural causes
• her grave immediately became a site for pilgrimage and popular devotion
Beatified
23 March 2003 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows
வியாகுல அன்னையின் புனிதர் கபிரியேல்
பிறப்பு: மார்ச் 1, 1838
அசிசி, திருத்தந்தையர் மாநிலம் (தற்போது இத்தாலி)
இறப்பு: ஃபெப்ரவரி 27, 1862 (அகவை 23)
இசோலா டெல் க்ரன் சாஸ்சோ, இத்தாலி அரசு.
முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: மே 31, 1908
திருத்தந்தை பத்தாம் பயஸ்
புனிதர் பட்டம்: மே 13, 1920
திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் பெனடிக்ட்
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
புனித கபிரியேல் பேராலயம், அப்ருஸ்ஸ்ஸி
பாதுகாவலர்:
மத குருமார்கள், குருத்துவ மாணவர்கள், இளைஞர்கள், மாணவர்கள் மற்றும் இத்தாலியின் அப்ருஸ்ஸ்ஸி (Abruzzi)
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஃபெப்ரவரி 27
ஃபிரான்செஸ்கோ பொஸ்சென்ட்டி (Francesco Possenti) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட “வியாகுல அன்னையின் புனிதர் கபிரியேல்” ஒரு இத்தாலிய பாடுகளின் சபையின் (Passionist Clerical Student) குருத்துவ மாணவர் ஆவார். ஒரு தொழில்முறை குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்த இவர், இறைவனின் பாடுகளின் சபையில் சேர்வதற்காக தமது எதிர்கால இலட்சியங்களை விட்டுக்கொடுத்தவர். துறவு சபையின் வாழ்க்கை அசாதாரணமானதாக இல்லாவிடினும், துறவு சபையின் சட்டதிட்டங்களை மதித்து நடந்தார். வியாகுல அன்னையின்பால் இவர் கொண்ட பக்தியின் காரணமாக இவர் பிரபலமாக அறியப்பட்டார்.
ஃபிரான்சிஸ், கி.பி. 1838ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் மாதம், முதல் நாளன்று, இத்தாலியின் அசிசி நகரில் பிறந்தார். இவர் தந்தையின் பெயர் "சான்டே" (Sante) ஆகும். அவர், உள்ளூர் அரசு அலுவலகத்தில் உயர் பதவி வகித்தவர். இவருடைய தாயாரின் பெயர் "அக்னேஸ்" (Agnes) ஆகும். இவர், தமது பெற்றோருக்குப் பிறந்த பதின்மூன்று குழந்தைகளில் பதினோறாவது குழந்தை ஆவார். கி.பி. 1841ம் ஆண்டு, "ரோஸா" (Rosa) என்ற இவரது தங்கை மரணமடைந்தார். கி.பி. 1842ம் ஆண்டு, இவருக்கு நான்கு வயதாகையில், இவருடைய ஏழு வயதான "அடேல்" (Adele) என்ற சகோதரியையும், பின்னர் அதே வருடத்தில் தன்னுடைய தாயை இழந்தார்.
ஃபிரான்சிஸ் தமது குழந்தைப் பருவத்திலும், இளமைப் பருவத்திலும் தமது சகாக்களால் பெரிதும் விரும்பப்பட்டார். தமது தொண்டு மற்றும் பக்தியால் புகழ் பெற்றவராயிருந்தார். கடின குணமுள்ள இவர், விரைவில் கோபமடையும் தன்மையுள்ளவராகவும் இருந்தார். தமது ஆரம்ப கல்வியை "கிறிஸ்தவ சகோதரர்களிடம்" (Christian Brothers) கற்ற இவர், பின்னர் இயேசு சபையினரின் (Jesuits) கல்லூரியில் (முக்கியமாக லத்தீன் மொழியில்) பயின்று வெற்றிகரமான மாணவர் என்று பெயரெடுத்தார்.
கி.பி. 1851ம் ஆண்டு, ஒருமுறை தீவிர நோயால் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட ஃபிரான்சிஸ், நோயினின்றும் குணமடைந்தால் மத வாழ்வில் இணைவதாக உறுதிமொழி எடுத்தார். ஆனால், நோய் குணமானது எடுத்த உறுதிமொழி மறந்து போனது. அதேபோல், ஒருமுறை அவர் தமது நண்பர்களுடன் வேட்டையாட சென்றபோது, தவறுதலாகச் சுடப்பட்ட ஒரு துப்பாக்கி ரவையிலிருந்து மயிரிழையில் தப்பினார்.
கி.பி. 1848ம் ஆண்டு, இவரது சகோதரர் "பால்" (Paul) மரணமடைந்தார். கி.பி. 1853ம் ஆண்டு, இவரது சகோதரர் "லாரன்ஸ்" (Lawrence) தற்கொலை செய்துகொண்டார். கி.பி. 1853ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபிரான்சிஸ் மீண்டும் நோயில் வீழ்ந்தார். இம்முறை அவருக்கு தொண்டையில் கட்டி வந்திருந்தது. இம்முறையும் அவர் நோய் குணமானால் மத வாழ்வில் இணைவதாக வேண்டிக்கொண்டார். நோய் குணமானது. இம்முறை அவர் நிஜமாகவே அதற்கான ஏற்பாடுகளைச் செய்தார். அவர் இயேசு சபையில் சேர விண்ணப்பித்தார். ஆனால் ஏதோ காரணங்களுக்காக அது தாமதித்தது. தற்போது மீண்டுமொரு துயர சம்பவம் நடந்தது. அவரது தாயாரின் மரணத்தின் பின்னர் அவரை அன்புடன் கவனித்து வந்த அவரது தமக்கையார் "மேரி லூயிஸா" (Mary Louisa) காலரா நோயினால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டு மரணமடைந்தார்.
"ஸ்போலேடோ" (Spoleto) நகரை பாதித்த காலரா நோயின் தாக்கத்தின் பின்னர், நகரின் மத குருமார்களும் குடிமை அதிகாரிகளும் இணைந்து அன்னை மரியாளின் பண்டைய சொரூபங்களின் ஊர்வலம் ஒன்றிற்கு ஏற்பாடு செய்தனர். ஃபிரான்சிஸும் இந்த ஊர்வலத்தில் கலந்துகொண்டார். அன்னை மரியாளின் ஒரு சொரூபம் இவரைத் தாண்டிச் செல்கையில், "நீ இன்னும் ஏன் இவ்வுலகில் இருக்கிறாய்" என்று ஒரு குரல் அசரீரியாக இவருக்குள்ளேயே கேட்டதாக உணர்ந்தார். இச்சம்பவம் இவர் துறவற வாழ்வில் இணைய தீவிரமாக தூண்டிய முதல் சம்பவமாகும். அவர் "பாடுகளின் சபையில்" இணைய ஒரு மத குருவின் ஆலோசனைகளை வேண்டினார். ஆண்டவரின் திருப்பாடுகளின்பால் ஃபிரான்சிஸ் கொண்ட தனிப்பட்ட பக்தியே இவரை "பாடுகளின் சபையில்" இணைய தூண்டியது.
பிரான்சிஸின் தந்தையார் இவரை துறவறம் செல்ல அனுமதிக்க மறுத்தார். தமது பல்வேறு உறவினர்கள் மூலம் இவரது மனதை மாற்ற முயற்சிகள் பல செய்தார். ஆனால், அவரது அனைத்து முயற்சிகளும் தோல்வியில் முடிந்தன. ஃபிரான்சிஸின் நோக்கங்கள் உணமையானவை என்றும் வெறும் சலனங்களல்ல என்றும் புரிந்து கொண்டார்.
"மொர்ரோவெல்" (Morrovalle) என்ற இடத்திலுள்ள "பாடுகளின் சபையின்" துறவறப்புகுநிலையில் இணைவதற்காக ஃபிரான்சிஸ் தமது சகோதரரும் "டொமினிக்கன் துறவியுமான" (Dominican Friar) "அலோஸியஸுடன்" (Aloysius) புறப்பட்டார். கி.பி. 1856ம் ஆண்டு, செப்டம்பர் மாதம், 19ம் நாளன்று, அவர்கள் அங்கே சென்று சேர்ந்தனர். இரண்டு தினங்களின் பின்னர் அவர் பாடுகளின் சபையினரின் ஆடைகளைப் பெற்றுக்கொண்டார். 'வியாகுல அன்னையின் புனிதர் கபிரியேல்' என்ற பெயரை தமது மதப் பெயராக ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார். ஒரு வருடத்தின் பின்னர் அவர் "பாடுகளின் சபையின்" உறுதிமொழி ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார்.
இவர் "பாடுகளின் சபையின்" தமது மாணவப் பருவத்தில் தாம் ஒரு வெற்றிகரமான மாணவர் என்பதை நிரூபித்தார். துறவற வாழ்வில் இன்னல்களையும் தியாகங்களையும் மனமுவந்து ஏற்றார். பணியில் முன்மாதிரியாக விளங்க பல்வேறு முயற்சிகள் எடுத்தார். குழப்பகாலங்களிலும் போராட்ட சூழல்களிலும் கடவுளின் அன்பு மற்றும் பிறரன்பு எல்லாவித வேறுபாடுகளையும் களைந்துவிடும் என நிருபித்தார். கடுமையான துறவற வாழ்வில் பாதிப்படைந்தார். விரைவிலேயே இவர் எலும்புருக்கி நோயால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டார்.
சிலுவையில் அரையப்பட்ட இயேசுவின் படத்தையும் வியாகுல அன்னையின் படத்தையும் நெஞ்சில் வைத்து வானத்தை நோக்கி கண்களை உயர்த்தி "ஓ என் அன்னையே துரிதமாக வாரும்" என்று சொல்லியபடியே, கி.பி. 1862ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம் 27ம் நாளன்று, தன்னுடைய கனவாகிய குருத்துவத்தை அடைய முடியாமல் உயிர்விட்டார்.
இவர் மாணவராக "பாடுகளின் சபையில்" பயிற்சியில் இருந்த காலத்தில் துறவு சபையின் தலைவராக இருந்த "அருட்தந்தை 'தூய மரியாளின் நார்பெர்ட்" (Father Norbert of Holy Mary) கூறுகையில், "மரண தருவாயில், அன்னை மரியாளை கபிரியேல் நேரில் கண்டார்" என்றார்.
Also known as
• Francesco Possenti
• Francis Possenti
• Gabriel of the Blessed Virgin
• Gabriel of the Sorrowful Mother
• Gabriel Possenti
• Gabriel Marie Possenti
• Gabriele dell'Addolorata
Profile
One of thirteen children. After a youth devoted to the world and society, attending the theatre, chasing women and the hunt, he was led to the Passionist Order by Our Lady, making his profession on 22 September 1857. His life was not marked by great events or controversy, but given to prayer, sacrifice, and a devotion to Our Lady and the contemplation of her sorrows over the suffering of Jesus. Many miracles are attributed to him after his death. Cured Saint Gemma Galgani when she prayed for his intervention. Pope Benedict XV gave him as a pattern for young people.
Born
1 March 1838 at Assisi, Italy
Died
27 February 1862 at Abruzzi, Italy of tuberculosis
Canonized
13 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV
Patronage
• Catholic Action
• clerics
• students, school children
• young people in general
• Abruzzi, Italy (proclaimed on 1 June 1964 by Pope Paul VI)
Saint Gregory of Narek
Also known as
• Grigor Narekatsi
• Gregorio di Narek
Additional Memorials
• 13 October (Armenian Church)
• Holy Translators Day (Armenian Apostolic Church)
Profile
Grigor, the son of Bishop Khosrov Andzevatsi, was descended from a line of scholars and churchmen, and was educated by his father and Anania Vartabed, abbess of Narek monastery. He and both his brothers became monks as young men. Gregory excelled in music, astronomy, geometry, mathematics, literature and theology. He was ordained a priest in 977 in his mid-20's. He lived most of his life in the Narek monastery, where, for his entire adult life, he taught theology in the monastic school. His writings began with a commentary on the Song of Songs, which was commissioned by an Armenian prince, but continued through his life with letters, poems, hymns, music, and essays. Many of his prayers are included in the Divine Liturgy celebrated each Sunday in Armenian Churches around the world, and his masterpiece is considered to be his Book of Lamentations, which has a theme of man's separation from God, and his quest to reunite with Him; it has been translated into at least 30 languages. He is one of the greatest figures of medieval Armenian religious thought and literature, and has been declared a Doctor of the Universal Church.
Born
c.950 in Andzevatsik, Kingdom of Vaspurakan, Armenia (in modern Turkey)
Died
• c.1005 at the monastery of Narek, on the southern shores of Lake Van, Armenia (in modern Turkey) of natural causes
• buried in the Narek monastery
• a chapel was built on his tomb
• the monastery and chapel were destroyed by Turkish authorities in the mid-20th-century, and a mosque was built over the site
Canonized
equipollent canonization and proclaimed a Doctor of the Universal Church on 12 April 2015 by Pope Francis at Saint Peter's Basilica, Rome, Italy
Blessed Mark Barkworth
Also known as
• George Barkworth
• Mark Lambert
Additional Memorials
• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai
• 1 December as one of the Martyrs of Oxford University
Profile
Described as a tall, burly man, always cheerful, even in the sufferings of his later life. Studied at Oxford University. Convert to Catholicism, joining the Church at Douai, France in 1594. Studied at English College, Rome, Italy starting on 16 December 1596, and then at the Royal College of Saint Alban in Valladolid, Spain. While on the road to Spain he had a vision; Saint Benedict of Nursia appeared to him and told he would die a Benedictine and a martyr. Ordained in 1599. Benedictine Oblate. He returned to England with Saint Thomas Garnet to minister to covert Catholics. He was arrested, spent several months in prison, and was finally condemned for the crime of being a priest. Martyred with Blessed Roger Filcock and Saint Anne Line, the first Benedictine to die after the suppression of their monasteries.
Born
c.1572 in Lincolnshire, England
Died
hanged, drawn, and quartered on 27 February 1601 at Tyburn, London, England
Beatified
15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI
Saint Anne Line
புனிதர் அன்னி லின்
ஆங்கிலேய ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க மறைசாட்சி:
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1563
எஸ்செக்ஸ், இங்கிலாந்து
இறப்பு: ஃபெப்ரவரி 27, 1601
டிபர்ன், இங்கிலாந்து
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: டிசம்பர் 15, 1929
திருத்தந்தை பதினோராம் பயஸ்
புனிதர் பட்டம்: அக்டோபர் 25, 1970
அருளாளர் திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பவுல்
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஃபெப்ரவரி 27
புனிதர் அன்னி லின், ஒரு ஆங்கிலேய ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க மறைசாட்சியாவார். தமது கணவர் மரித்ததன் பின்னர், ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க குருமார்களை மறைத்து வைப்பதிலும், அவர்களுக்கு இரகசிய இருப்பிடம் தருவதிலும் மிகவும் தீவிரமாக ஈடுபட்டிருந்தார். அக்காலத்தில், முதலாம் எலிசபெத் மகாராணியின் (Queen Elizabeth I) ஆட்சிகாலத்தில், ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க குருமார்களை மறைத்து வைப்பதுவும், அவர்களுக்கு இரகசிய இருப்பிடம் தருவதுவும் சட்ட விரோத காரியங்களாகும். இறுதியில், “டிபர்ன்” (Tyburn) நகரில், ஒரு கத்தோலிக்க குருவுக்கு இரகசிய இருப்பிடம் கொடுத்த குற்றத்துக்காக கைது செய்யப்பட்டு, மரண தண்டனை விதிக்கப்பட்டார். ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை அவரை ஒரு மறைசாட்சியாக அறிவித்தது. அருளாளர் திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பவுல் (Bl. Pope Paul VI), 1970ம் ஆண்டு, அவருக்கு புனிதர் பட்டம் வழங்கினார்.
“அலைஸ் ஹைகம்” (Alice Higham) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட இவர், “பியூரிடன் வில்லியம் ஹைகம்” (Puritan William Higham) என்பவரின் மகளாவார். இங்கிலாந்து மற்றும் அயர்லாந்து நாடுகளின் அரசனான (King of England; Lord/King of Ireland) “மூன்றாம் ஹென்றியின்” (Henry VIII) அரசவையின் பாராளுமன்ற உறுப்பினராக இருந்த “ரோகர் ஹைகம்” (Roger Heigham) வில்லியம் ஹைக’மின் தந்தை ஆவார்.
ஏறத்தாழ கி.பி. 1560ம் ஆண்டுகளின் தொடக்கத்தில் பிறந்த அலைஸ் ஹைகம், தமது சகோதரர் வில்லியமுடனும் (William), கி.பி. 1583ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம் தாம் மணந்துகொண்ட “ரோகர் லின்” (Roger Line) என்பவருடனும், கி.பி. சுமார் 1580ம் ஆண்டுகளின் தொடக்கத்தில் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைக்கு மனம் மாறினார். வில்லியம் மற்றும் ரோகர் லின் இருவருமே, கத்தோலிக்கர்களாக மாறிய காரணத்தால், தமக்கு கிடைக்க வேண்டிய சொத்துக்களை இழந்தனர். அலைஸ் ஹைகம், தமது வரதட்சினைகளை இழந்தார். கத்தோலிக்கர்கள் மத்தியில், திருமணமான "அலைஸ்", "அன்னி" என்று அறியப்பட்டது. ஆனால், இவர் ஏற்கனவே தாம் மதம் மாறியபோது அந்த பெயரை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டிருந்தார்.
ரோகர் லின் மற்றும் வில்லியம் ஹகம் இருவரும் திருப்பலியில் கலந்துகொண்டிருக்கும் வேளையில் கைது செய்யப்பட்டு, சிறையிலடைக்கப்பட்டு, அபராதம் விதிக்கப்பட்டனர். வில்லியம் ஹைகம், இங்கிலாந்தில் ஜாமீனில் விடுதலை செய்யப்பட்டபோது, ரோகர் லின், டச்சு மொழி பேசும் பெல்ஜியம் (Belgium) நாட்டின் வடக்கு பிராந்தியமான “ஃபிளான்டர்ஸ்” (Flanders) நாடு கடத்தப்பட்டார். ரோகர் லின், ஸ்பெயின் அரசனிடமிருந்து தமக்கு கிடைத்த சிறு சலுகைத் தொகையில் ஒரு பகுதியை 1594ம் ஆண்டில் தாம் மரிக்கும்வரை தனது மனைவிக்கு தவறாமல் அனுப்பினர்.
கிட்டத்தட்ட அதே காலகட்டத்தில், ஆங்கிலேய இயேசுசபை குருவான (English Jesuit priest) தந்தை ஜான் ஜெரார்ட் (Father John Gerard) என்பவர், மறைந்து வாழும் கத்தோலிக்க குருமாருக்காக ஒரு அகதிகள் இல்லத்தை திறந்தார். அதற்கு நிர்வாகியாக, புதிதாய் கைம்பெண்ணான – உடல் நலம் கெட்டிருந்த அன்னி லின் நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். தந்தை ஜான் ஜெரார்ட் சிறையிலிருந்த மூன்று வருட காலமும் அன்னி லின் அகதிகள் இல்லத்தை திறம்பட நடத்தினார். இறுதியில் தந்தை ஜான் ஜெரார்ட், லண்டன் கோபுரத்திற்கு மாற்றப்பட்டார். அங்கே சித்திரவதை செய்யப்பட்ட அவர், அதிலிருந்து தப்பிச் சென்றார். அவர் தமது சுயசரிதத்தில் பின்வருமாறு எழுதுகிறார்:
“சிறையில் இருந்து நான் தப்பித்த பிறகு, அன்னி லின் அந்த வீட்டை நிர்வகிப்பதை விட்டுவிட்டாள். அப்போதிருந்து அவர் பல மக்களுக்கு அறிமுகமானவர் ஆவார். எனக்காக எந்த வீட்டையும் அவர் ஏற்பாடு செய்வது, எனக்கு அவ்வளவு பாதுகாப்பற்றதாக இருந்தது. அதற்கு பதிலாக, அவள் மற்றொரு கட்டிடத்தில் குடியிருப்புகளை வாடகைக்கு எடுத்து, அங்கே குருக்களை தங்கவைத்தாள். ஆயினும், ஒரு நாள், (இயேசுவை ஆலயத்தில் அர்ப்பணித்த தினத்தன்று) அவள் வழக்கத்திற்கு மாறான எண்ணிக்கையில் கத்தோலிக்கர்களை திருப்பலி காண அனுமதித்தாள். சில அயலார்கள் அன்று கூட்டத்தைக் கவனித்த அதே வேளை, சில காவலர்களும் கூட்டத்தில் இருந்தனர்.”
“அன்னை மரியாளின் சுத்திகரிப்பு விழா” (Purification of Our Blessed Lady) என்றும், “இயேசுவை ஆலயத்தில் அர்ப்பணித்த தின விழா” (Presentation of Jesus at the Temple) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் 1601ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம் இரண்டாம் நாளன்று, அன்னி லின் வீடு சோதனை செய்யப்பட்டது. அவர் கைது செய்யப்பட்டார். இந்த நாளில், திருப்பலியின் முன்னர், மெழுகுவர்த்திகள் பாரம்பரியப்படி அர்ச்சிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இந்த சடங்கின் போது, காவலர்கள் திடீரென புகுந்து கைது செய்தனர்.
“அருட்தந்தை பிரான்சிஸ் பேஜ்” (Fr. Francis Page) எனும் குருவானவரால், லின் ஏற்பாடு செய்திருந்த விசேட மறைவிடத்திற்குள் நழுவிப் போக முடிந்தது. பின்னர், அங்கிருந்து தப்பிச் சென்றார். ஆனால், “மார்கரெட் கேஜ்” (Margaret Gage) எனும் இன்னுமொரு பெண்மணியுடன் அன்னி லின் கைது செய்யப்பட்டார். திருமதி மார்கரெட் கேஜ் ஜாமீனில் விடுதலை செய்யப்பட்டார்; பின்னர் அவருக்கு மன்னிப்பு வழங்கப்பட்டது. ஆனால் லின் “நியூகேட்” (Newgate Prison) சிறைச்சாலைக்கு அனுப்பப்பட்டார்.
கி.பி. 1601ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 26ம் நாளன்று, “ஓல்ட் பெய்லி லேனில்” (Old Bailey Lane) உள்ள செஷன்ஸ் ஹவுஸில் (Sessions House) அவர் விசாரிக்கப்பட்டார். காய்ச்சலால் பலவீனமாக இருந்த லின், நடக்க இயலாததால் ஒரு நாற்காலியில் வைத்து கொண்டுசெல்லப்பட்டார். ஒரு குருவானவரை மறைத்து வைத்ததற்காகவும், இன்னமும் ஆயிரம் குருவானவர்களை மறைத்து வைக்க இயலவில்லையே என்பதற்காகவும் வருத்தப்படுவதாக கூறினார். “சர் ஜான் போப்ஹாம்” (Sir John Popham) எனும் நீதிபதி, ஒரு செமினரி குருவானவருக்கு உதவிய குற்றத்திற்காக அவருக்கு மரண தண்டனை விதித்தார்.
கி.பி. 1601ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 27ம் நாளன்று, “அருளாளர் ரோகர் ஃபில்கோக்” (Blessed Fr. Roger Filcock) மற்றும் “அருளாளர் மார்க் பர்க்வொர்த்” (Blessed Fr. Mark Barkworth) ஆகிய இரண்டு குருவானவர்களின் முன்னிலையில் அன்னி லின் தூக்கிலிடப்பட்டார். அவர்களும் அன்றைய தினமே தூக்கிலிடப்பட்டார்கள். அன்னி லின், விசாரணையின்போது தாம் சொன்னதையே தூக்கு மேடையிலும் பார்வையாளர்களின் முன்னிலையில் சத்தமாக பின்வருமாறு கத்தி கூறினார்:. “ஒரு கத்தோலிக்க பாதிரியாரைத் தற்காத்துக்கொண்டதற்காக எனக்கு மரண தண்டனை விதிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இன்றுவரை நான் செய்ததை என் மனப்பூர்வமாகவே செய்துள்ளேன். ஒரு குருவானவரை மறைத்து வைத்ததற்காக, ஆனால், இன்னமும் ஆயிரம் குருவானவர்களை காக்க இயலாததற்காக நான் உண்மையிலேயே வருந்துகிறேன்”
Also known as
• Anne Higham
• Anne Lyne
Additional Memorial
25 October as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
Profile
Born the daughter of a wealthy and ardent Calvinist. When she and her brother converted to Catholicism, they were disowned and disinherited. Anne married another convert, Roger Line, who was soon arrested for attending Mass, then exiled to Flanders, Belgium where he died in 1594.
When Father John Gerard established a house of refuge for priests in London, England, Anne was put in charge. Father Gerard was sent to the Tower of London, and then escaped in 1597. The authorities suspected Anne of hiding him, and she moved to another house, which became a rallying point for Catholics. On Candlemas, 1601, Father Francis Page was about to celebrate Mass there, when priest-catchers broke in. Father Page quickly unvested and mingled with the others, but the altar was all the evidence needed to arrest Anne. She was tried, convicted and hanged for harbouring priests. Martyred with Blessed Mark Barkworth, and her friend Blessed Roger Filcock.
Born
c.1565 at Dunmow, Essex, England as Anne Higham
Died
hanged on 27 February 1601 at Tyburn, London, England
Canonized
25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI
Patronage
• childless people
• converts
• widows
Blessed Francinaina Cirer-Carbonell
Also known as
• Francinaina of the Sorrowful Mother of God
• Saint of Sencelles
Profile
Youngest of six children born to Paulo Cirer and Joan Carbonell, Francinaina grew up in a pious home. She received no formal education, and never learned to read or write. She was Confirmed in 1788 at age 7, made her first Communion in 1791 at age 10. She became a Franciscan Tertiary in 1798 when she was 17. She felt a call to the religious life, but family obligations kept her at home, so she simply helped the poor, taught catechism, visited the sick, and did other works of mercy as a committed lay person. She joined the Brotherhood of the Holy Sacrament in her parish in 1813. People noticed her piety and work, and sought her spiritual advice; she became noted for helping reconcile troubled marriages. On 7 December 1851, with two like-minded local women, she founded the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul of Mallorca, taking the name Francinaina of the Sorrowful Mother of God. Known to receive visions of angels, and was once seen to levitate while in prayer.
Born
1 June 1781 in Sencelles, Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
Died
27 February 1855 in Sencelles, Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain of a stroke
Beatified
1 October 1989 by Pope John Paul II at Saint Peter's Basilica, Rome, Italy
Blessed Josep Tous Soler
Also known as
• José Tous Y Soler
• Josep de Igualada
Profile
Joined the Franciscan Capuchins at age 15, and professed his vows on 19 February 1828. Josep was ordained on 24 May 1834 in Barcelona, Spain; two months later, amidst anti-clerical violence in Catalonia, he was exiled from Spain and spent the next nine years ministering in France. He was able to return to Spain in 1843, but the government had outlawed religious orders, and Father Josep spent the rest of his life as a parish priest; he tried always to live his Franciscan ideals. In 1850 he led a group of young women who, on 22 December 1858, would become the Capuchin Sisters of the Mother of the Divine Shepherd, a congregation devoted to pastoral care and teaching young children.
Born
31 March 1811 in Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
Died
27 February 1871 in Barcelona, Spain of natural causes while celebrating Mass
Beatified
• 25 April 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI
• recognition to be celebrated in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona, Spain by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone
Blessed William Richardson
Also known as
William Anderson
Profile
Grew up in the area of Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. Studied at Rheims, France, the English College, Valladolid, Spain and the College of Saint Gregory in Seville, Spain from 1592 through 1594. Ordained in 1594. He returned to England to minister to covert Catholics, often hiding under the name William Anderson. Betrayed to the authorities by a friend, he was arrested and condemned to death for the crime of priesthood. He was the final martyr in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I; he prayed for her just before he died.
Born
Wales
Died
hanged, drawn, and quartered on 27 February 1603 at Tyburn, London, England
Beatified
15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI
Blessed Roger Filcock
Also known as
Arthur Nayler
Additional Memorials
• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales
• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai
Profile
Educated at Rheims, France and Valladolid, Spain. Ordained in Valladolid c.1597. He returned to England in 1598 to minister to covert Catholics. Jesuit. Friend of Saint Anne Line. Arrested and condemned for the crime of priesthood. Died with Saint Anne Line and Blessed Mark Barkworth. Martyr.
Born
c.1570 in Sandwich, Kent, England
Died
hanged, drawn, and quartered on 27 February 1601 at Tyburn, London, England
Beatified
22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Honorina
Also known as
Honorine, Onorina, Ondaine, Ontario
Profile
One of the earliest martyrs in Gaul (modern France). Her cultus in Normandy goes back to the beginning of the Church, but her Acts have been lost, and no details are known.
Died
• in Gaul (modern France)
• relics transferred to Conflans-Sainte-Honorine near Paris, France in the 9th century to protect them from Norse invaders
• relics re-enshrined at the church of Saint Honorina c.1085
• relics accorded formal recognition in 1250
• relics re-enshrined in the chapel of Saint-Honorina at the church of Saint-Maclou in 1801
Patronage
• boatmen
• Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, France
Saint John of Gorze
Also known as
• Jean de Gorze
• John of Lorraine
Profile
Born to a wealthy family. Studied at the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Mihiel in Metz, France. Reputed to have a prodigious memory, what today was would call “photographic”. Administrator of landed estates. Pilgrim to Rome, Italy. Spent some time at the Monte Cassino Abbey Benedictine monk at Gorze Abbey in 933. Ambassador for Emperor Otto II to the Caliph Abd-er-Rahman of Cordoba, Spain for two years. Abbot at Gorze in 960. Noted as a wise and gentle reformer.
Born
c.900 at Vandières, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France
Died
7 March 974 of natural causes
Saint Baldomerus of Saint Justus
Also known as
• Baldomerus of Lyons
• Baldimerus, Baldomer, Baldomero, Baudemer, Galmier, Waldimer, Waldimerus
Profile
Blacksmith and locksmith in Lyon, France known for his personal piety, charity and simple living. Late in life he retired to the monastery of Saint Justus. Ordained as a sub-deacon.
Died
c.650 at Lyon, France of natural causes
Patronage
locksmiths
Blessed Luke of Messina
Profile
Twelfth-century monk at a Greek-rite monastery in southern Calabria, Italy. Around 1130 he lead a dozen monks to the new San Salvatore monastery in Messina on Sicily, finished its construction, served as its first abbot, and made it the mother-house of a number of monasteries throughout Sicily and Calabria.
Died
1149
Saint Julian of Alexandria
Profile
Summoned by authorities to answer a charge of Christianity in the persecutions of Decius, Julian was too crippled with gout to walk there. He was carried to court by two Christian servants, one of whom apostacized; the other was Saint Cronion Eunus. Martyred with Saint Cronion and Saint Besas of Alexandria. Their story is recorded by Saint Dionysius of Alexandria.
Died
scourged, dragged throough the city by a camel and burned to death in 249 at Alexandria, Egypt
Blessed Jacques of Valois
Profile
Mercedarian friar, joining in Paris, France. With the support of the French crown, he was sent to Algiers, Algeria to ransom Christians enslaved by the Moors. He freed prisoners, helped the poor, performed miracles and converted many to Christianity.
Died
Paris, France of natural causes
Saint Besas of Alexandria
Also known as
Bessa of Alexandria
Profile
Soldier. He was on duty when Saint Julian of Alexandria and Saint Cronion Eunus were being led to their deaths. When Besas tried to shield the two from spectator abuse, he was seized by the mob, and killed in the street. His story was recorded by Saint Dionysius of Alexandria.
Died
killed by a mob in 250 at Alexandria, Egypt
Saint Thalilaeus
Also known as
• Epiklautos ( = weeping much, as he was known to cry when moved)
• Thalelaeus
Profile
Fifth-century hermit for 60 years, sometimes living with no shelter but a barrel, near a pagan temple outside Gabala (Gala) in modern Syria. He made it a point to speak to the people going to the temple, and converted many of them to Christianity.
Born
Cilicia (modern Turkey)
Saint Basilios of Constantinople
Also known as
• Basilios the Confessor
• Basil
Profile
Opposed the 8th-century iconoclast decrees of Leo the Isaurian, and preserved icons and images in his care. Beaten and imprisoned for this work, he was finally released after Leo's death.
Died
c.825 of natural causes
Saint Cronion Eunus
Also known as
• Cronion of Alexandria
• Chronion
Profile
Servant of and martyred with Saint Julian the Alexandria in the persecutions of Decius.
Died
scourged, dragged throough the city by a camel and burned to death in 249 at Alexandria, Egypt
Blessed Archangel of Treviglio
Also known as
Arcangelo
Profile
Franciscan friar and preacher who served over 40 years in the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in the area outside Milan, Italy.
Died
27 February 1531 of natural causes
Saint Procopius of Decapolis
Profile
Opposed the 8th-century iconoclast decrees of Leo the Isaurian, and preserved icons and images in his care. Beaten and imprisoned for this work, he was finally released after Leo's death.
Died
c.825 of natural causes
Saint Alnoth
Also known as
Aelnoth, Alnothus, Alnoto
Profile
Born a serf, he worked as a cow-herd near the monastery of Saint Werburgh at Weedon, Northamptonshire, England. Hermit in the forest near Stowe, England. Martyr.
Died
c.700 near Stowe, England
Saint Emmanuel of Cremona
Profile
Bishop of Cremona, Italy from 1190 to 1195. May have become a Cistercian monk in later life.
Died
1198 at Adwerth, Frisia (modern Netherlands) of natural causes
Saint Hippolytus of Mount Jura
Profile
Monk. Abbot of the monastery on Mount Jura in the Lugdunese region of Gaul (in modern France). Bishop.
Died
c.770
Saint Herefrith of Lindsey
Profile
Bishop of Lindsey, England. Martyred by Danes.
Died
• c.869
• relics venerated in Thorney, Cambridgeshire, England
Saint Onesima of Cologne
Profile
Pious nun in the area of Cologne, Germany c.360.
Saint Comgan
Also known as
Cowan
Profile
Monk. Abbot in Glenthsen, Ireland.
Died
c.565
Saint Fortunatus of Rome
Profile
Martyr.
Died
Rome, Italy
Saint Alexander of Rome
Profile
Martyr.
Saint Antigonus of Rome
Profile
Martyr.
Saint Abundius of Rome
Profile
Martyr.
Also celebrated but no entry yet
• Our Lady of Light
• Asclepius of Syria
• Dionysius of Africa and companions
• Elisabeth of Baldrone
• Eucharius II of Tongeren-Maastricht
• Henrik Willebrorts
• Jakob of Syria
• Ladislas Bathory
