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10 October 2020

St. John XXIII October 11

 St. John XXIII


Feastday: October 11

Patron: of Papal delegates, Patriarchy of Venice, Second Vatican Council

Birth: 1881

Death: 1963

Beatified: 3 September 2000 by Pope John Paul II






Image of St. John XXIII

The man who would be Pope John XXIII was born in the small village of Sotto il Monte in Italy, on November 25, 1881. He was the fourth of fourteen children born to poor parents who made their living by sharecropping. Named Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, the baby would eventually become one of the most influential popes in recent history, changing the Church forever.


Roncalli's career within the Church began in 1904 when he graduated from university with a doctorate in theology. He was ordained a priest thereafter and soon met Pope Pius X in Rome.


By the following year, 1905, Roncalli was appointed to act as secretary for his bishop, Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi. He continued working as the bishop's secretary until the bishop died in August 1914. The bishop's last words to Roncalli were, "Pray for peace."


Such words mattered in August 1914 as the world teetered on the brink of World War I. Italy was eventually drawn into the war and Roncalli was drafted into the Italian Army as a stretcher bearer and chaplain.


Roncalli did his duty and was eventually discharged from the army in 1919. Free to serve the Church in new capacities he was appointed to be the Italian president of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, handpicked by Pope Benedict XV.


Then in February 1925, Roncalli was summoned to the Vatican and given a new mission. This time he was sent to Bulgaria as the Apostolic Visitor to that country. Later, he was appointed aspostolic delegate to Turkey and Greece and made archbishop of Mesembria.


Beginning in 1935, racial tensions and anti-Jewish sentiment began to explode into actual acts of violence against the Jews and other ethnic minorities. Roncalli started using his influence to save what people he could from the depredation of both local authorities and later the Nazis. During his tenure as archbishop, Roncalli saved thousands of Jews, enough that he was named a "Righteous Gentile" following the war.


In late 1944, the Church was anxious to remove clergy in France that had collaborated with the Nazis in various forms. Roncalli was appointed as the new papal Nuncio and sent to France to negotiate the retirement of bishops who were involved with the Nazis.


In 1952, Roncalli was offered a new position, this time as Patriarch of Venice. At the same time he assumed his new title, Roncalli became the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca. He assumed his new responsibilities on March 15, 1953.


Roncalli's papal predecessor died on October 9, 1958 and he was soon summoned to Rome where he was to participate in the process of selecting a new pope. The College eventually settled on Roncalli for election and he accepted, saying "I will be called John," a surprising choice because of that name's association with schism.


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As Pope John XXIII, he immediately began to change the culture in the Vatican. On Christmas, 1958, he resumed the papal practice of making visits to the community within the official Diocese of Rome. He visited the sick, the poor, and prisoners. He apologized for episodes of anti-Semitism within the Church carried on by some of his predecessors.


It was originally expected that Pope John XXIII would only serve a short time before passing away and that he would make no significant changes to Church practice. However, Pope John XXIII was a man of great mercy and kindness and much like Pope Francis of today, he did many things that created sensation in the streets and pews.


Perhaps his most influential decision was the call for an ecumenical council which would be known as Vatican II. As a result of this council, many practices of the classic Church would be altered with a new emphasis on ecumenism and a new liturgy.


Pope John XXIII addressed several topic of importance to Catholics around the world. He prohibited the use of contraceptives which interfere with the procreative will of God. He upheld the traditional view that married couples may not divorce. He also moved to protect the Church from scandal, ordering confidentiality when dealing with matters of clergy accused of the sexual abuse of children. How his request to the bishops of his time was interpreted remains subject to debate.


By late 1962, Pope John XXIII has executed most of the work for which he would be known. He was, like his own sister before him, diagnosed with stomach cancer, which was a terminal diagnosis for that time.


In his last months, he offered to negotiate peace between the Soviet Union and the United States, then at the height of the Cold War. The offer, although declined, was popular in both countries. In the wake of the news, John XXIII was the first pope to be honored as the Time Magazine Man of the Year.


Pope John XXIII did the best he could although his health and doctors were failing. On June 3, 1963, Pope John XXIII died in his bed at age 81.


The world mourned John XXIII and he was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Johnson in December 1963.


Pope John XXIII generally maintained a good reputation among those who remembered him and he was often titled "the Good."


On September 3, 2000, Pope John Paul beatified him. Miracles were attributed to him and his body was found to be in an uncorrupted state, a phenomenon consistent with sainthood. His body was put on display for the veneration of the faithful.


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Pope Francis approved John XXIII for canonization on June 3, 2013, the 50th anniversary of his death.


Bl. Pope John XXIII will be canonized on April 27, 2014 alongside Bl. Pope John Paul II in a historic ceremony to be presided by Pope Emeritus Benedict and Pope Francis. It will be a historic ceremony with two living men with the title of pontiff presiding together.


Pope John XXIII's feast day will be October 11, as opposed to the day of his death, which is June 3. This special feast day is intended as a commemoration of the opening of the Second Vatican Council on October 11, 1962.


For the 15th-century Pisan antipope, see Antipope John XXIII.

Pope John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes; Italian: Giovanni; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was one of thirteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy.[6] He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, as nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice. Roncalli was unexpectedly elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling the historic Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the first session opening on 11 October 1962.


John XXIII made many passionate speeches during his pontificate. His views on equality were summed up in his statement, "We were all made in God's image, and thus, we are all Godly alike."[7][8] He made a major impact on the Catholic Church, opening it up to dramatic unexpected changes promulgated at the Vatican Council and by his own dealings with other churches and nations. In Italian politics, he prohibited bishops from interfering with local elections, and he helped the Christian Democratic Party to cooperate with the socialists. In international affairs, his "Ostpolitik" engaged in dialogue with the Communist countries of Eastern Europe. He especially reached out to the Eastern Orthodox churches. His overall goal was to modernize the Church by emphasizing its pastoral role, and its necessary involvement with affairs of state. He dropped the traditional rule of 70 cardinals, increasing the size to 85. He used the opportunity to name the first cardinals from Africa, Japan, and the Philippines. He promoted ecumenical movements in cooperation with other Christian faiths. In doctrinal matters, he was a traditionalist, but he ended the practice of automatically formulating social and political policies on the basis of old theological propositions.[9]


He did not live to see the Vatican Council to completion. His cause for canonization was opened on 18 November 1965 by his successor, Pope Paul VI, who declared him a Servant of God. On 5 July 2013, Pope Francis – bypassing the traditionally required second miracle – declared John XXIII a saint, based on his virtuous, model lifestyle, and because of the good which had come from his having opened the Second Vatican Council. He was canonised alongside Pope John Paul II on 27 April 2014.[10][11] John XXIII today is affectionately known as the "Good Pope" and in Italian, "il Papa buono".


† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(அக்டோபர் 11)


✠ புனிதர் இருபத்திமூன்றாம் யோவான் ✠

(St. John XXIII)


261ம் திருத்தந்தை:

(261st Pope)


பிறப்பு: நவம்பர் 25, 1881

சோட்டோ இல் மோன்ட்டே, பெர்கமோ, இத்தாலி அரசு

(Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Kingdom of Italy)


இறப்பு: ஜூன் 3, 1963 (வயது 81)

அப்போஸ்தல மாளிகை, வத்திக்கான் நகரம்

(Apostolic Palace, Vatican City)


ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

அமெரிக்காவில் இவாஞ்சலிக்கல் லூதரன் திருச்சபை

(Evangelical Lutheran Church in America)

கனடாவின் ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

(Anglican Church of Canada)

அமெரிக்காவின் எபிஸ்கோபல் திருச்சபை

(Episcopal Church of the United States)


முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: செப்டம்பர் 3, 2000

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பவுல்

(Pope John Paul II)


புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 27, 2014

திருத்தந்தை ஃபிரான்சிஸ்

(Pope Francis)


திருத்தந்தை புனிதர் இருபத்திமூன்றாம் யோவான் அல்லது இருபத்திமூன்றாம் அருளப்பர், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் 261ம் திருத்தந்தையாக 1958-1963 காலகட்டத்தில் ஆட்சிசெய்தவர் ஆவார்.


“ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி” (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட இவர், 1881ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 25ம் நாள் பிறந்தார். 1958ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 28ம் நாள் திருத்தந்தையாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டு, சுமார் ஐந்து ஆண்டுகள் மட்டுமே ஆட்சி செய்தார். அக்குறுகிய ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் இவர் 20ம் நூற்றாண்டுத் திருச்சபையில் நடந்த மிக முக்கிய நிகழ்வாகிய, 1962-1965 காலகட்டத்தில் நடந்த “இரண்டாம் வத்திக்கான் பொதுச்சங்கத்தை” (Second Vatican Council) கூட்டினார். ஆனால், வயிற்று புற்றுநோயால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்த திருத்தந்தை, அச்சங்கம் நிறைவுறுவதற்கு முன்னரே, 1963ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூன் மாதம், 3ம் நாள் மரித்தார்.


இளமைப் பருவம்:

“ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி” (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli), இத்தாலி நாட்டின் வடமேற்கு பிராந்தியமான “லொம்பார்டி’யின்” (Lombardy) “பெர்கமோ” (Bergamo) என்னும் பகுதியைச் சார்ந்த “சோட்டோ இல் மோன்ட்டே” (Sotto il Monte) என்னும் சிற்றூரில் பிறந்தார். 


அவருடைய தந்தை, “ஜியோவன்னி பட்டிஸ்டா ரொன்கல்லி” (Giovanni Battista Roncalli) ஆவார். தாயார் “மரியன்னா ஜியூலியா மஸ்சொல்லா” (Marianna Giulia Mazzolla) ஆவார். அவர்களுக்குப் பிறந்த பதின்மூன்று குழந்தைகளுள் ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி நான்காமவர் ஆவார். 1889ம் ஆண்டு, தமது எட்டு வயதில் “புதுநன்மை” மற்றும் “உறுதிப்பூசுதல்” ஆகிய இரண்டு அருட்சாதனங்களை பெற்றார்.


சிறுவயதிலேயே குருவாகப் பணிபுரிய ஆர்வம் கொண்ட ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி, தம் உறவினர் ஒருவர் அளித்த நிதி உதவியோடு பெர்கமோ சிறு குருமடத்தில் கல்வி பயின்றார். கல்வி உதவித்தொகை பெற்று, ரோமில் புனித அப்போல்லினார் குருமடத்தில் (இன்றைய "ரோம் திருத்தந்தை பெரிய குருமடம்") கல்வி கற்றார். 1896ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, “ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையில்” (Secular Franciscan Order) இணைந்தார். 1904ம் ஆண்டு இறையியலில் டாக்டரேட் பட்டம் பெற்ற இவர், ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், 10ம் நாள் குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார்.


ரொன்கல்லி, சிறுவயதிலிருந்தே அன்னை மரியாள் மீது மிகுந்த பக்தி கொண்டிருந்தார். மிலன் மறை மாவட்டத்தைச் சேர்ந்த இம்பெர்சாகோ என்னும் ஊரில் அமைந்திருந்த அன்னை மரியாள் திருத்தலத்துக்கு அவர் பல முறை திருப்பயணமாகச் சென்றுவந்தார்.


திருச்சபையில் பணிபுரிதல்:

பெர்கமோ மறைமாவட்டத்தின் புதிய ஆயர் “ஜியாகோமோ” (Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi) தமது செயலராக ரொன்கல்லியை 1905ம் ஆண்டு நியமித்தார். அப்பணியை மிக்க விசுவாசத்தோடும் திறமையோடும் ஆற்றினார். 1914, ஆகஸ்ட் 22ம் நாள் ஆயரின் மரண நாள்வரை தமது ஆயரின் செயலராகப் பணிபுரிந்தார். அதே சமயம் பெர்கமோ குருமடத்தில் திருச்சபை வரலாறு கற்பித்தார்.


முதலாம் உலகப்போரின்போது (World War I), இத்தாலியின் அரச இராணுவத்தில் (Royal Italian Army) இவர் கட்டாய இராணுவ சேவை புரிந்தார். இராணுவத்தின் மருத்துவ பிரிவில், நோயாளிகளைத் தூக்கிச் செல்லும் “ஸ்ட்ரெச்சர்” தூக்குபவராகவும் (Stretcher-Bearer) சிட்றாலய குருவாகவும் (Chaplain) பணியாற்றிய இவர், 1919ம் ஆண்டின் தொடக்கத்தில் இராணுவத்திலிருந்து வெளியே வந்தார்.


1921ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 6ம் தேதி ரோம் பயணித்த ரொன்கல்லி, திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் பெனடிக்ட்டை (Pope Benedict XV) சந்தித்தார். அவர் ரொன்கல்லியை இத்தாலியின் நற்செய்தி அறிவிப்புப் பணி தேசிய அமைப்பின் (Society for the Propagation of the Faith) தலைவராக நியமித்தார். ரொன்கல்லி, தாம் சந்தித்த திருத்தந்தையருள் திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் பெனடிக்ட் மிகவும் அனுதாபம் மிக்கவர் என்று நினைவுகூறுவார். ரொன்கல்லி, திருச்சபையின் பல்வேறு பொறுப்புமிக்க பதவிகளை வகித்தார்.


திருத்தந்தை இருபத்துமூன்றாம் யோவான் தமது பதவி காலத்தில், பல உணர்ச்சிபூர்வமான பிரசங்கங்கள் நிகழ்த்தினார். அவை மிகவும் பிரசித்தி பெற்றவையாகும். எடுத்துக்காட்டாக, இரண்டாம் வாட்டிகன் பொது சங்கத்தின் (Second Vatican Council) தொடக்க நாளின் நடுநிசியில், தூய பேதுரு சதுக்கத்தில் (St. Peter's Square) கூடியிருந்த கூட்டத்தில் உரையாற்றிய திருத்தந்தை கூறிய சில வார்த்தைகள்:

“என் அன்பார்ந்த குழந்தைகளே! நீங்கள் வீடு திரும்புகையில், உங்கள் குழந்தைகளை சந்திப்பீர்கள். அவர்களை அணைத்தவாறு, இது திருத்தந்தையின் சார்பில் என்று கூறுங்கள்” (Dear children, returning home, you will find children; give your children a hug and say: This is a hug from the Pope!)

St. Agilbert October 11

 St. Agilbert


Feastday: October 11

Death: 673



Agilbert was a Frank (bishop) who had studied under abbot Ado at Jouarre monastery in Ireland . He was invited by King Coenwalh of the West Saxons to remain in Wessex as bishop. He was active in missionary activities, ordained St. Wilfrid, and with him was a leader among those seeking to replace the Celtic customs with Roman at the synod of Whitby. He resigned his See when Coenwalh divided his diocese. He returned to France, where he became bishop of Paris in 668. Coenwalh later invited him back but he refused and sent his nephew Eleutherius in his place. feast


Agilbert (fl. c. 650–680) was the second bishop of the West Saxon kingdom and later bishop of Paris.


The date and place of Agilert's birth are unknown, but evidence suggests it took place between 610 and 620.[1][2] Son of a Neustrian noble named Betto, he was a first cousin of Audoin and related to the Faronids and Agilolfings,[3] and less certainly to the Merovingians.[4] His name, the Frankish language equivalent of Æthelberht, has been taken to suggest a link with the royal family of the Kingdom of Kent.[5]


Agilbert was consecrated as a bishop in Francia before he travelled to Britain. He arrived in the West Saxon kingdom after the return to power of King Cenwalh of Wessex, who had been driven out by Penda of Mercia, either in the late 640s or 650s. He was appointed to succeed Birinus (also later canonised, and attributed with conversion of Wessex to Christianity) as bishop of the West Saxons, or the Wessex folk, who following their seizure of part of Christian Mercia set up the first Wessex see as Bishop of Dorchester, near Oxford. Nothing remains above the surface of the Saxon cathedral, succeeded in the faith by Norman Dorchester Abbey church which has decorative memorials to the two early bishops. Agilbert, according to Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, had "spent a long time in Ireland for the purpose of studying the Scriptures".[6] His appointment was due to Cenwalh.[7]


From Bede, it appears that Agilbert did not speak Old English, and it is said that his see was divided in two, with Wine being given half, because King Cenwalh "tired of his barbarous speech",[6] although this may be mistaken.[8] This insult supposedly led to Agilbert's resignation. He then travelled north to Northumbria, where he ordained Wilfrid.[9] He was present at the Synod of Whitby in 664, where he led the pro-Roman party, but he had the young Wilfrid speak on his behalf.[10]



The charter of Clotilde, 10 March 673, endowing the monastery of Bruyères-le-Châtel; witnessed by Agilbert, this is his last appearance in year-dated records

Returning to Francia, Agilbert later took part in Wilfrid's consecration as a bishop at Compiègne.[11] Agilbert became bishop of Paris between 666 and 668, and hosted Theodore of Tarsus. He was later invited to return by Cenwalh, to become bishop of Winchester, but sent his nephew Leuthhere in his place.[12]


One modern historian, D. P. Kirby, is unsure if Agilbert actually went to Northumbria after being expelled from Dorchester, suggesting it is just as likely that he went directly to the continent.[7]


Agilbert died at some time after 10 March 673, on which date he witnessed Clotilde's foundation charter for the Abbey of Bruyères-le-Châtel, and probably between 679 and 690. He was buried at Jouarre Abbey where his sister Theodechildis was abbess. His fine sculpted sarcophagus can be seen there in the crypts, as can that of his sister.[12]

St. Alexander Sauli October 11

 St. Alexander Sauli


Feastday: October 11

Birth: 1535

Death: 1592



The Apostle of Corsica and bishop. He came from a prominent family of Lombard, Italy, born in Milan in 1533. At an early age he entered the Barnabite Congregation, and became a teacher at the University of Pavia and superior general of the congregation. In 1571 he was appointed by Pope Pius V to Aleria on Corsica. Taking three companions, Alexander rebuilt churches, founded seminaries and colleges, and stood off the pirate raids in the area. He became the bishop of Pavia after refusing other sees, serving only a year before his death. Alexander was a noted miracle worker. He was also spiritual advisor to St. Charles Borromeo and to Cardinal Sfondrato, who became Pope Gregory XIV. He was canonized in 1904 by Pope St. Pius X

St. Anastasius V October 11

 St. Anastasius V


Feastday: October 11




Martyr with St. Placi Genesius, and others. Nothing is known about the martyrs except that Anastasius was a priest.

St. Ansillo October 11

St. Ansillo


Feastday: October 11

Death: 7th century



A monk whose life is obscure. His relics are in the Benedictine abbey of Lagny, near Meaux, France.

St. Canice October 11

 St. Canice


Feastday: October 11




All we know about St. Canice is from unreliable legend, according to which he was born at Glengiven, Ireland. He became a monk under St. Cadoc at Llancarfan, Wales, and was ordained there. After a trip to Rome, he studied under St. Finnian at Clonard, Ireland, accompanied by Ss. Kieran, Columba, and Comgall to St. Mobhi at Glasnevin. He preached for a time in Ireland, and then went to Scotland. A close friend of Columba's whom he accompanied on a visit to King Brude of the Picts. He was a most successful missionary, building a monastery at Aghaboe, Ireland, and probably one at Kilkenny. He is known as Kenneth and Cainnech. His feast day is October 11th.


"Canice" and "Saint Canice" redirect here. For other uses, see Canice (disambiguation) and Saint Canice (disambiguation).

Saint Cainnech of Aghaboe (515/16–600), also known as Saint Canice in Ireland, Saint Kenneth in Scotland, Saint Kenny and in Latin Saint Canicus, was an Irish abbot, monastic founder, priest and missionary during the early medieval period. Cainnech is one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland[1] and preached Christianity across Ireland and to the Picts in Scotland.[2] He wrote a commentary on the Gospels, which for centuries was known as the Glas-Choinnigh or Kenneth's Lock or the Chain of Cainnech.[3]


Most of what is written about Cainnech's life is based on tradition, however he was considered a man of virtue, great eloquence and learning. His feast day is commemorated on 11 October in the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church according to their respective calendars (Gregorian or Church Julian) with additional feast days on 1st or 14 August in the Eastern Orthodox Church.



Introduction

A lot of what is known of Cainnech comes from legend. However, he is documented by Saint Adomnán (also known as Eunan), the ninth abbot of Iona who died in 704. Adomnán was a hagiographer and his greatest work Vita Columbae or Life of St. Columba contains references to Cainnech.[4][5]


Cainnech's background


Statue at St. Canice's Catholic Church, Kilkenny

Cainnech was born in 515 or 516, at Glengiven, near Dungiven in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland.[5] His full name was Cainnech moccu Dalánn.[6]


Cainnech's father Lughadh Leithdhearg was descended from the CorcoDalann or Ui Dalainn, a tribe whose ancestor, Dalann, is traced back to Fergus (King of Ulster), son of Ross, son of Rudhraighe. The Corco-Dalann were from an island referred to as "Insula Nuligi", and is usually identified with Inis-Doimhle or Inis-Uladh, which is now the Little Island, in the River Suir, south-east of Waterford.[3]


Lughadh was a distinguished bard, a highly trained, professional itinerant poet. Lughadh settled at Glengiven, in what is now County Londonderry. Lughadh ended up under the favour and protection of the chief of Cianachta, and became the tutor of the chieftain's son, Geal Breagach.[7]


Cainnech's mother was called Maul or Mella.[8] She attained an eminent degree of sanctity. The church of Thompleamoul or Capella Sanctae Maulae seu Mellae, beside Kilkenny city, was dedicated to God under her invocation.


Early life


St. Finnian imparting his blessing to the Twelve Apostles of Ireland

In early Christian Ireland the druid tradition collapsed, with the spread of the new faith. The study of Latin and Christian theology flourished in monasteries.


Cainnech spent his early years watching his chieftain's flocks. In 543 Cainnech became a pupil at Finnian's monastic school at Clonard. During the sixth century, some of the most significant names in the history of Irish Christianity studied at the Clonard monastery.[1] Twelve students who studied under St. Finian became known as the Twelve Apostles of Ireland, Cainnech was one of these. It was at Clonard that Cainnech became a friend and companion of St Colmcille (Columba).


In 544 he studied under St. Mobhi at the school of Glasnevin, with Kieran of Clonmacnoise and St. Comgall of Bangor. When plague scattered that community, he went to Saint Cadoc's monastery of Llancarfan in Glamorganshire in Wales, where he was ordained a priest in 545.[9]


He left for Rome to obtain the blessing of the reigning pontiff. In 550 he had returned to Glengiven, where he converted his foster-brother, Geal-Breagach, who afterwards assisted him in founding Drumachose, in nearby Limavady.


Scotland

In 565 Cainnech joined Columba in Scotland, where he is known as St. Kenneth. Adamnan tells of the arrival of Cainnech, on Iona. St. Columba had a prophecy of a "certain holy and excellent man, who will arrive here among us before evening." According to Adamnan, God provided Cainnech with a safe and calm crossing, even though the sea was perilous and stormy that day. St. Columba received him that evening with all honour and hospitality.[4]


Cainnech built a church in the place now known as Saint Andrews.[10] He built monastic cells on the island of Ibdon, possibly South Uist,[11] and Eninis, an oratory called Lagan-Kenny on the shores of Loch Laggan (the remains of which are marked on the OS map), and a monastery in Fife on the banks of the Eden. The saint may have been an important saint in converting South Uist to Christianity.[12] Cainnech's name is still recalled in the ruins of an ancient church, Kil-Chainnech on Tiree, in a burial ground, Kil-Chainnech, in Iona and Inch Kenneth off Mull.[13]


Return to Ireland

Cainnech spent a good deal of his time in County Meath and Ossory in what is now County Laois. In Ossory he had a good repute with the king, Colmann son of Feradach. Colman gave him grants of land including Aghaboe ("the field of the Ox") which became his principal monastery.[5] Aghaboe grew in importance, and in the 7th century sent St. Feargal as a missionary to the church of Salzburg, Austria. Aghaboe was for a time the site of the bishop's see until under Norman influence in the twelfth century the see transferred from Aghaboe to Kilkenny.[9] In 1346 Diarmaid Mac Giollaphádraig burned the town of Aghaboe, and completely destroyed Cainnech's shrine along with his relics.[3]



St. Canice's Cathedral in Kilkenny.

Kilkenny (Irish: Cill Chainnigh "The Church of Cainnech") was originally the name of a church erected by or dedicated to Cainnech, but was afterwards extended to the townland and parish.[14] Kilkenny was one of the last parts of Ireland to be converted to Christianity. Tradition asserts that in 597, Cainnech led a Christian force to Kilkenny to eliminate the last bastion of Druidic rule in Ireland. The last Archdruid of Ireland had retired with his Council to a mound in Kilkenny for safety. Cainnech led an army there and overcame them. He founded a monastery near what is now the Church of Ireland's St. Canice's Cathedral.[9] He died and was interred at Abbey of Aghaboe in 599/600.


Chain of Cainnech

In his old age Cainnech retired to an island in what was once Loch Cree, and wrote a commentary on all four Gospels. This became known as Glass Kinnich (Glas-Chainnigh) or the Chain of Cainnech.[5] This was long preserved in his church and became a continuous commentary in the Middle Ages.


Patronage

Cainnech is the patron of Aghaboe and together with St. Ciarán of Saigir, is one of the patrons of Kilkenny and the historic kingdom of Osraige.[8] St. Cainnech is also the patron saint of the shipwrecked.[13]

St. Ethelburga of Barking October 11

 St. Ethelburga of Barking


Feastday: October 11

Death: 688


Benedictine abbess, daughter of the king of the East Angles and sister of Sts. Eronwald, Etheldreda, Sexburga, and Withburga. St. Erconwald founded a convent for her at Barking, in Essex, England. She was trained as an abbess by St. Hildelid, who came from France to assist her.


Saint Æthelburh (died after 686) or Ethelburga, founder and first Abbess of the double monastery of Barking, was the sister of Earconwald, Bishop of London.


Life

The main source for Æthelburh is Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum which recounts the foundation of Barking, early miracles there, and Æthelburh's death (Book IV, Chapters 6 to 10). Bede describes Æthelburg as "upright in life and constantly planning for the needs of her community".


Some time before he became bishop of London in 675, Earconwold founded a double monastery at Barking for his sister, and a monastery at Chertsey for himself. Barking appears to have already been established by the time of the plague in 664.[1]


A charter (Sawyer 1171), believed genuine and drafted by Bishop Eorcenwald in the reign of King Sebbi of Essex (reigned c. 664–c. 694), records a grant of lands in Essex by a certain Æthelred to Æthelburh and Barking. This is dated to between 686 and 688.


The 9th century Old English Martyrology records a vision, recounted by a nun of Barking, who saw Æthelburh being drawn up into heaven by golden chains. She was buried at Barking. The Old English Martyrology records her feast day as 11 October. She is commemorated by Orthodox Church on 11 October.[2] Her successor as abbess was Hildelith.


Ethelburga founded the church of All Hallows Berkyngechirche (now known as All Hallows Barking or All Hallows by the Tower in the City of London on land given to her by her brother Eorconwald c. 675.


The church of St Ethelburga the Virgin in the City of London is dedicated to her. It survived the Great Fire and the Blitz but was extensively damaged in an IRA attack in 1993; however, it has been restored and is now a centre for international reconciliation.[3]


Other churches dedicated to Æthelburh include the Grade II listed St Ethelburga's at Great Givendale, near Pocklington in the East Riding of Yorkshire.[4]

St. Eufridus October 11

 St. Eufridus


Feastday: October 11

Death: 7th century




Benedictine monk revered in the cathedral of Alba in Piedmont, Italy.

St. Firminus of Uzes October 11

 St. Firminus of Uzes


Feastday: October 11

Death: 553


Bishop of Uzes, France. He was born in Narbonne, France, and educated by an uncle whom he succeeded in Uzes. Firminus became bishop at twenty-two and died fifteen years later.

St. Gummarus October 11

 St. Gummarus


Feastday: October 11

Patron: of childless people, courtiers, cowherds, difficult marriages, glove makers, hernia sufferers, separated spouses, woodcutters

Birth: 717

Death: 774



Gummarus was a son of the lord of Emblem, near Lierre in Brabant. He grew up without learning to read or write, but served at the court of Pepin, where from a spirit of religion he was faithful in every duty and liberal in owrks of mercy. Pepin raised hinm to a high post, and proposed a match between him and a lady of good birth named Guinimaria, and the marriage was solemnized with their mutual consent. This marriage, which seemed unhappy in the eyes of the world, was directed by God to perfect the virtue of His servant and exalt him to the glory of saints: for Guinimaria was extravagant and perverse in her ways, cruel, capricious and altogether unteachable. Life became from that time a train of continual trials for Gummarus. St. Gummarus for several years endeavoured by all means which prudence and charity could suggest to encourage his wife to ways more agreeable to reason and religion. Then he was called upon by King Pepin to attend him in his wars, and he was absent eight years. Returning home, he found his wife had thrown all things into disorder, and that few among his servants, vassals or tenants had escaped her oppression. She was so mean that she even refused beer to the reapers at harvest. Gummarus made to every one of them full restitution and satisfaction; and Guinimaria was so far overcome by his patience and kindness as to be ashamed of her past conduct, and to seem penitent. This change, however, was only exterior, and her wilfulness broke out again worse than ever. Gummarus tried to reclaim her: but at length he gave up the attempt and lived a retired life. With St. Romuold he is said to have founded the abbey at Lierre which afterwards bore his name. His feast day is October 11th.



Reliquary in Lier

Saint Gummarus of Lier (also known as Gommaire, Gommer or Gummery) is a Belgian saint. He was the son of the Lord of Emblem (near Lier, Belgium). An official in the court of his relative Pepin the Younger or Pepin of Herstal according to some other sources[2], after a number of years in military service he retired to live the life of a hermit.[3] The town of Lier grew up around his hermitage.



Life

Gummarus was a native of Emblehem, referring to an area including Lier and not just the town of Emblem,[4] in Brabant, and a relative of Pippin the Younger, who called him to his court and entrusted him with important offices. The king arranged a marriage between Gummarus and a wealthy noblewoman named Guinmarie, extravagant and haughty.[5] His wife appears to have been shrewish as well as abusive to their household servants in his absence. They had no children.


Gummarus accompanied Pepin on a number of military campaigns,[6] and spent eight years in the field, in Cardekho, Saxony, and the Aquitaine. Upon his return from the military, Gummarus tried to reconcile with his wife and remedy the injustices she had laid upon the people in their service. That he might have a place of quiet and retirement, and in order to attend his private devotions, he built a chapel called Nivesdunc.


Gummarus and his wife eventually separated. He became a hermit at Nivesdunc and the town of Lier, Belgium grew up around the site of the hermitage where he died in 774.[6]. Other sources place his time of death around 714[2]. The latter is more likely the true time of death as Gummarus was said to have met saint Rumbold of Mechelen[7][8][9] who has been determined to have died between 580 and 655.[10][11][12] In 754[13] or 815 he was recognized as a saint[14]


Veneration


Saint Rumbold meets Saint Gummarus, Cathedral of Mechelen

St. Gummarus is the patron saint of Lier. A number of miracles were attributed to his intercession. He is commemorated by the Roman Catholic Church,[5] and the Western Rite Orthodox on 11 October.[3]


The site of his hermitage is now St. Peter's chapel. The collegiate Church of St. Gummarus was built in Brabantine Gothic in 1378. Every year on the first Sunday after October 10th, the city holds the Sint-Gummarus Fair, which includes a procession in which the saint's relics are carried through the streets of Lier.[15]


Brouwerij Cornelissen of Limburg, Belgium brews an award-winning Sint Gummarus Tripel.[16]


Iconography

Gummarus was assumed to have been a close companion of the Christian missionary Rumbold of Mechelen, who worked in Brabant, and is sometimes credited with helping Rumbold found an abbey at Lier. For this reason they are often depicted together in paintings and stained glass windows. However a 2004 examination of relics believed to be those of Rumbold suggests that he likely died over fifty years before Gummarus was born, so they would not have been contemporaries.[11]


இன்றைய புனிதர்

2020-10-11

புனித குமரூஸ் St.Gummarus


பிறப்பு

717

இறப்பு

774

பாதுகாவல்: குழந்தை இல்லாதவர்கள், மரம் வெட்டும் தொழிலாளிகள், பிரிந்து வாழும் தம்பதியினர்.


பரபாண்ட் (Brabant) என்ற நகரை சார்ந்த மக்களால், குமரூஸ் கடவுளின் மகன் என்றழைக்கப்பட்டார். இவர் பள்ளி செல்லாமலே எழுதவும், படிக்கவும் தெரிந்திருந்தார். பெப்பின் (Pepin) என்றழைக்கப்பட்ட நீதிமன்றத்தில் இவர் பணிபுரிந்தார். பின்னர் இவர் உயர்பதவி பெற்றார். அதன்பிறகு குனிமரியா (Guinimaria) என்ற பெண்ணை மணந்தார். ஆனால் இத்திருமணத்தால் இவர் தனது மகிழ்ச்சியை இழந்தார். அப்பெண்ணுடன் சேர்ந்து வாழ மறுத்தார். இருப்பினும் மனைவியை மகிழ்ச்சியான வேறொரு வாழ்வை தேர்ந்தெடுக்க வழிகாட்டினார். குமரூஸ் தான் செய்த பணியில் நேர்மையையும், எளிமையையும் கடைபிடித்தார். இவர் துறவு வாழ்வை தேர்ந்தெடுக்க விளைந்தார். இதனால் தனது குடும்பத்தையும், பணியையும் விட்டு விட்டு எட்டு ஆண்டுகள் தனிமையில் வாழ்ந்தார். பிறகு பெப்பின் நாட்டு அரசர், இவரை மீண்டும் தன் நாட்டிற்கு வருமாறு அழைப்புவிடுத்தார். அப்போது நாடு திரும்பிய குமரூஸ், தன் மனைவி வாழ்ந்த தாறுமாறான வாழ்வை கண்டு அதிர்ச்சியடைந்தார். அவரின் வாழ்வை பொறுமையோடும், சகிப்புத்தன்மையோடும், அனைத்தையும் ஏற்றுக்கொண்டு, அப்பெண்ணை புதிய வாழ்விற்கு மாற்றினார். பின்னர் மீண்டும் குமரூஸ் இறைவனில் இன்பம் கண்டு, தனது மீதி வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்தார்.



செபம்:

இரக்கத்தின் இறைவா! மற்றவரின் வாழ்வை மாற்றி, உமக்காக தனது வாழ்வில் தியாகங்களை புரிந்த புனித குமரூஸ், இன்றும் தவறான வாழ்வை வாழ்பவர்களுக்காக, உம்மிடம் பரிந்து பேசி, எம்மை காத்தருள இறைவா உம்மை வேண்டுகின்றோம்.





இந்நாளில் நினைவுகூறப்படும் பிற புனிதர்கள்


• ஆயர் அலெக்சாண்டர் சவுலி Alesander Sauli

பிறப்பு: 15 பிப்ரவரி 1534, மிலான் Milan, இத்தாலி

இறப்பு: 11 அக்டோபர் 1593, இத்தாலி

பாதுகாவல்: கோர்சிகா தீவு



• கொலோன் நகர் பேராயர் முதலாம் புரூனோ Bruno I von Köln

பிறப்பு: 925, ஜெர்மனி

இறப்பு: 11 அக்டோபர் 965, ரைம்ஸ் Rheims, பிரான்ஸ்



• பார்கிங் நகர் எத்தல்பூர்கா Ethelburga von Barking

பிறப்பு: 600, இங்கிலாந்து

இறப்பு: 670, பார்கிங் Barking, இங்கிலாந்து



• மரியா சோலேடாட் Maria Soledad

பிறப்பு: 2 டிசம்பர் 1826, மாட்ரிட் Madrid, ஸ்பெயின்

இறப்பு: 11 அக்டோபர் 1887, மாட்ரிட்

St. Juliana of Pavilly October 11

 St. Juliana of Pavilly


Feastday: October 11

Death: 750





Benedictine abbess, also called "the Little Sister of Jesus." A servant girl, she entered the Benedictines at Pavilly, France, under St. Benedicta.

St. Kenneth OCTOBER 11

St. Kenneth



Feastday: October 11


Kenneth is a derivative of Canice. All we know about Canice is from unreliable legend, according to which he was born at Glengiven, Ireland. He became a monk under St. Cadoc at Llancarfan, Wales, and was ordained there. After a trip to Rome, he studied under St. Finnian at Clonard, Ireland, accompanied Ss. Kieran, Columba, and Comgall to St. Mobhi at Glasnevin. He preached for a time in Ireland, and then went to Scotland. A close friend of Columba's whom he accompanied on a visit to King Brude of the Picts, he was a most successful missionary. He built a monastery at Aghaboe, Ireland, and probably one at Kilkenny. He is also known as Kenneth and Cainnech. His feast day is October 11th.


"Canice" and "Saint Canice" redirect here. For other uses, see Canice (disambiguation) and Saint Canice (disambiguation).

Saint Cainnech of Aghaboe (515/16–600), also known as Saint Canice in Ireland, Saint Kenneth in Scotland, Saint Kenny and in Latin Saint Canicus, was an Irish abbot, monastic founder, priest and missionary during the early medieval period. Cainnech is one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland[1] and preached Christianity across Ireland and to the Picts in Scotland.[2] He wrote a commentary on the Gospels, which for centuries was known as the Glas-Choinnigh or Kenneth's Lock or the Chain of Cainnech.[3]


Most of what is written about Cainnech's life is based on tradition, however he was considered a man of virtue, great eloquence and learning. His feast day is commemorated on 11 October in the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church according to their respective calendars (Gregorian or Church Julian) with additional feast days on 1st or 14 August in the Eastern Orthodox Church.



Introduction

A lot of what is known of Cainnech comes from legend. However, he is documented by Saint Adomnán (also known as Eunan), the ninth abbot of Iona who died in 704. Adomnán was a hagiographer and his greatest work Vita Columbae or Life of St. Columba contains references to Cainnech.[4][5]


Cainnech's background


Statue at St. Canice's Catholic Church, Kilkenny

Cainnech was born in 515 or 516, at Glengiven, near Dungiven in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland.[5] His full name was Cainnech moccu Dalánn.[6]


Cainnech's father Lughadh Leithdhearg was descended from the CorcoDalann or Ui Dalainn, a tribe whose ancestor, Dalann, is traced back to Fergus (King of Ulster), son of Ross, son of Rudhraighe. The Corco-Dalann were from an island referred to as "Insula Nuligi", and is usually identified with Inis-Doimhle or Inis-Uladh, which is now the Little Island, in the River Suir, south-east of Waterford.[3]


Lughadh was a distinguished bard, a highly trained, professional itinerant poet. Lughadh settled at Glengiven, in what is now County Londonderry. Lughadh ended up under the favour and protection of the chief of Cianachta, and became the tutor of the chieftain's son, Geal Breagach.[7]


Cainnech's mother was called Maul or Mella.[8] She attained an eminent degree of sanctity. The church of Thompleamoul or Capella Sanctae Maulae seu Mellae, beside Kilkenny city, was dedicated to God under her invocation.


Early life


St. Finnian imparting his blessing to the Twelve Apostles of Ireland

In early Christian Ireland the druid tradition collapsed, with the spread of the new faith. The study of Latin and Christian theology flourished in monasteries.


Cainnech spent his early years watching his chieftain's flocks. In 543 Cainnech became a pupil at Finnian's monastic school at Clonard. During the sixth century, some of the most significant names in the history of Irish Christianity studied at the Clonard monastery.[1] Twelve students who studied under St. Finian became known as the Twelve Apostles of Ireland, Cainnech was one of these. It was at Clonard that Cainnech became a friend and companion of St Colmcille (Columba).


In 544 he studied under St. Mobhi at the school of Glasnevin, with Kieran of Clonmacnoise and St. Comgall of Bangor. When plague scattered that community, he went to Saint Cadoc's monastery of Llancarfan in Glamorganshire in Wales, where he was ordained a priest in 545.[9]


He left for Rome to obtain the blessing of the reigning pontiff. In 550 he had returned to Glengiven, where he converted his foster-brother, Geal-Breagach, who afterwards assisted him in founding Drumachose, in nearby Limavady.


Scotland

In 565 Cainnech joined Columba in Scotland, where he is known as St. Kenneth. Adamnan tells of the arrival of Cainnech, on Iona. St. Columba had a prophecy of a "certain holy and excellent man, who will arrive here among us before evening." According to Adamnan, God provided Cainnech with a safe and calm crossing, even though the sea was perilous and stormy that day. St. Columba received him that evening with all honour and hospitality.[4]


Cainnech built a church in the place now known as Saint Andrews.[10] He built monastic cells on the island of Ibdon, possibly South Uist,[11] and Eninis, an oratory called Lagan-Kenny on the shores of Loch Laggan (the remains of which are marked on the OS map), and a monastery in Fife on the banks of the Eden. The saint may have been an important saint in converting South Uist to Christianity.[12] Cainnech's name is still recalled in the ruins of an ancient church, Kil-Chainnech on Tiree, in a burial ground, Kil-Chainnech, in Iona and Inch Kenneth off Mull.[13]


Return to Ireland

Cainnech spent a good deal of his time in County Meath and Ossory in what is now County Laois. In Ossory he had a good repute with the king, Colmann son of Feradach. Colman gave him grants of land including Aghaboe ("the field of the Ox") which became his principal monastery.[5] Aghaboe grew in importance, and in the 7th century sent St. Feargal as a missionary to the church of Salzburg, Austria. Aghaboe was for a time the site of the bishop's see until under Norman influence in the twelfth century the see transferred from Aghaboe to Kilkenny.[9] In 1346 Diarmaid Mac Giollaphádraig burned the town of Aghaboe, and completely destroyed Cainnech's shrine along with his relics.[3]



St. Canice's Cathedral in Kilkenny.

Kilkenny (Irish: Cill Chainnigh "The Church of Cainnech") was originally the name of a church erected by or dedicated to Cainnech, but was afterwards extended to the townland and parish.[14] Kilkenny was one of the last parts of Ireland to be converted to Christianity. Tradition asserts that in 597, Cainnech led a Christian force to Kilkenny to eliminate the last bastion of Druidic rule in Ireland. The last Archdruid of Ireland had retired with his Council to a mound in Kilkenny for safety. Cainnech led an army there and overcame them. He founded a monastery near what is now the Church of Ireland's St. Canice's Cathedral.[9] He died and was interred at Abbey of Aghaboe in 599/600.


Chain of Cainnech

In his old age Cainnech retired to an island in what was once Loch Cree, and wrote a commentary on all four Gospels. This became known as Glass Kinnich (Glas-Chainnigh) or the Chain of Cainnech.[5] This was long preserved in his church and became a continuous commentary in the Middle Ages.


Patronage

Cainnech is the patron of Aghaboe and together with St. Ciarán of Saigir, is one of the patrons of Kilkenny and the historic kingdom of Osraige.[8] St. Cainnech is also the patron saint of the shipwrecked.[13]

St. Maria Soledad October 11

 St. Maria Soledad


Feastday: October 11

Birth: 1826

Death: 1887



Father Michael, pastor of one of the poorer suburbs of Madrid, was aware of the problem of the poor and abandoned sick who often could not afford hospitalization. So he began an order which would provide nurses to go to the homes of the sick whether or not they could pay. Because of his special devotion to Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows, he wanted to begin with seven "servants" of Mary. The seventh applicant was little Vibiana Torres. Vibiana was born December 2, 1826, the second of five children of a dairyman. She loved to gather children of the neighborhood and have childish processions in honor of Our Lady. Later she began to visit the sick of the neighborhood and perform small penances for the souls of others. In spite of her kindness and outgoing nature, Vibiana secretly longed for the contemplative life. She applied for admittance to the Dominicans as a lay sister, but she would have to wait for a vacancy. As she realized that chances for an opening with the Dominicans were slim, she requested an interview with Father Michael. On August 15, 1851, the twenty-four year old Vibiana and six others took the three religious vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, received the habit of the new congregation, and changed their names. Vibiana became Sister Maria Soledad. Many problems beset the young Congregation. The first superior left the Congregation and tried to undo all its works. The sisters were very poor and hardly had enough to eat. In 1856, Father Michael appointed Sister Soledad superior general of the community. Through many hardships, she persevered in charity, humility, and in her wise guidance. She spent many hours praying for more sisters. Mother Soledad had the joy of living to see her congregation given full papal approval in 1876. Mother Soledad contracted pneumonia in 1887. She died quietly at the motherhouse after receiving the Last Sacraments at the age of sixty. She was originally buried in the sisters' plot at the cemetery, but on January 18, 1893, her remains were exhumed and transferred to the motherhouse. Her body was intact and it exuded a bloody liquid, and a sweet odor was noticed by all present. A few years later, only the bones remained. Mother Soledad was beatified in 1950 by Pope Pius XII, and canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970. Her feastday is October 11.


† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(அக்டோபர் 11)


✠ புனிதர் மரிய சொல்டேட் டொர்ரெஸ் ஒய் அகொஸ்டா ✠

(St. Maria Soledad Torres y Acosta)


கன்னியர், சபை நிறுவனர்:

(Virgin and foundress)


பிறப்பு: டிசம்பர் 2, 1826

மேட்ரிட், ஸ்பெயின் அரசு

(Madrid, Kingdom of Spain)


இறப்பு: அக்டோபர் 11, 1887 (வயது 60)

மேட்ரிட், ஸ்பெயின் அரசு

(Madrid, Kingdom of Spain)


முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: ஃபெப்ரவரி 5, 1950

திருத்தந்தை பன்னிரெண்டாம் பயஸ்

(Pope Pius XII)


புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஜனவரி 25, 1970

திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பால்

(Pope Paul VI)


நினைவுத் திருநாள்: அக்டோபர் 11


பாதுகாவல்:

மரியாளின் பணியாளர்கள் சபை

(Servants of Mary)


புனிதர் மரிய சொல்டேட் டொர்ரெஸ் ஒய் அகொஸ்டா, ஒரு ஸ்பேனிஷ் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் அருட்சகோதரியும், "மரியாளின் பணியாளர்கள்” (Servants of Mary) எனும் துறவற சபையின் நிறுவனருமாவார். இச்சபையானது, நோயாளிகளுக்கும் ஏழைகளுக்கும் சேவை செய்வதற்காக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட அருட்சகோதரியருக்கான துறவற சபையாகும். இவர், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையினால் புனிதராக கௌரவிக்கப்படுகிறார்.


வாழ்க்கை :

“அன்டோனியா பிபியானா மனுவெல்லா டொர்ரெஸ் ஒய் அகொஸ்டா”

(Antonia Bibiana Manuela Torres y Acosta) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட இவரது

தந்தை "ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கோ டொர்ரெஸ்" (Francisco Torres) ஆவார். இவரது தாயார், “அன்டோனியோ அகோஸ்டா” (Antonia Acosta) ஆவார். அன்டோனியா பிபியானா, தமது பெற்றோருக்கு பிறந்த ஐந்து குழந்தைகளில் இரண்டாமவர் ஆவார். இவரது பெற்றோர் உள்ளூரிலேயே ஒரு சிறு வியாபாரம் செய்துவந்தனர். இவர், “வின்செஸ்டியன்” (Vincentian Sisters) அருட்சகோதரியாரால் கல்வி கற்பிக்கப்பட்டார். அடிக்கடி அருகாமையிலுள்ள நோயாளிகளுக்கு சேவை செய்வதை வழக்கமாகக் கொண்டிருந்தார். ஏழைகளுக்கு உதவுவதையும், பிறரின் நன்மைகளுக்காக சிறு சிறு நோன்பிருப்பதையும் கூட வழக்கமாகக் கொண்டிருந்தார்.


சுமார் 1850ம் ஆண்டின் வாக்கில், தேவ அழைப்பினை செவி மடுத்த இவர், தமது அருகாமையிலுள்ள “டோமினிக்கன்” (Dominican convent) துறவு சபையில் பயிற்சி அருட்சகோதரியாக இணைவதற்கு விண்ணப்பித்தார். ஆனால், அப்போது அங்கே இடமின்மையால் இவர் காத்திருக்க வேண்டியிருந்தது. இதற்கிடையே, 1851ம் ஆண்டு, “ச்சம்பேரி” (Chamberí) பங்குத் தந்தை, "மிகுவேல் மார்ட்டினேஸ்" (Miguel Martínez) என்ற அருட்பணியாளரின் சேவைகள் பற்றி கேள்விப்பட்டார். அருட்தந்தை மார்ட்டினேஸ், தமது பங்கிலுள்ள ஏழைகள் மற்றும் நோயுற்றோருக்கு சேவை செய்வதற்காக ஏழு பெண்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு குழு ஒன்றினை அமைப்பதாக ஒரு காட்சியின் தரிசனம் கண்டார். பிபியானா டொர்ரெஸ், இச்சேவையில் தம்மை அர்ப்பணிக்க முன்வந்தார். மார்ட்டினேஸ் தாம் உருவாக்க விரும்பிய குழுவின் ஏழாவது மற்றும் கடைசி பெண்ணாக பிபியானா டொர்ரெசை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார்.


1851ம் வருடம் ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம் பதினைந்தாம் நாள், இறைவனின் அதிதூய அன்னை மரியாளின் விண்ணேற்பு தினத்தன்று, பிபியானாவும் அவரது ஆறு சகோதர அங்கத்தினர்களும் தமது வாழ்வை ஏழை நோயாளிகளுக்கு அர்ப்பணித்தனர். "சகோதரி மரிய சொல்டேட்" (Sister Maria Soledad) என்ற பெயரை தமது ஆன்மீக பெயராக ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார். அனைவரும் துறவற சீருடைகளை பெற்றுக்கொண்டனர்.


தமது துறவற சபையின் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பேற்ற நாளிலிருந்து அநேக சோதனைகளைத் தாங்கிய இவர், அவதூறுகளால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டார். பலமுறை துறவு சபையின் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பினின்றும் விடுவிக்கப்பட்டார்.


வலேன்சியாவில் (Valencia) இருந்த ஒரு சுதந்திர அரசின் கீழ் இருந்த ஒரு அமைப்பினை (Liberalizing Government) உருவாக்கினார்.


1876ல், இந்த புதிய சபையானது, திருத்தந்தை “ஒன்பதாம் பயசின்” (Pope Pius IX) அங்கீகாரம் பெற்றது. சுமார் முப்பத்தைந்து வருடங்கள் இவ்வமைப்பினை தலைமையேற்று நடத்திய இவர், நிமோனியா காய்ச்சலின் காரணமாக அக்டோபர் 1887ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 11ம் நாள், மரணமடைந்தார். இவரது மரணத்தின்போது, இவரது துறவு சபையின் 46 கிளைகள் ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் லத்தீன் அமெரிக்க நாடுகளில் பரவியிருந்தன.


St. Nectarius October 11

 St. Nectarius


Feastday: October 11




Bishop of Constantinople, modern Istanbul, from 381. He was born in Tarsus, in Cilicia, the son of a senator of Constantinople. Nectarius succeeded St. Gregory Nazianzus upon the latter's resignation. His elevation came about after his name found its way onto a list submitted to the emperor, who picked Nectarius, despite the fact that Nectarius was married and had not yet even been baptized. Nevertheless, once installed properly, he proved a most able prelate, struggling against the Arians and prohibiting public penance. He was bishop for sixteen years.


 

St. Peter Tuy October 11

 St. Peter Tuy


Feastday: October 11

Death: 1833


Vietnamese martyr. A native priest, he was beheaded by Vietnamese authorities. Peter was canonized in 1988 by Pope John Paul II. 


The Vietnamese Martyrs (Vietnamese: Các Thánh Tử đạo Việt Nam), also known as the Martyrs of Annam, Martyrs of Tonkin and Cochinchina, Martyrs of Indochina, or Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions (Anrê Dũng-Lạc và các bạn tử đạo), are saints on the General Roman Calendar who were canonized by Pope John Paul II. On June 19, 1988, thousands of overseas Vietnamese worldwide gathered at the Vatican for the Celebration of the Canonization of 117 Vietnamese Martyrs, an event chaired by Monsignor Tran Van Hoai. Their memorial is on November 24 (although several of these saints have another memorial, as they were beatified and on the calendar prior to the canonization of the group).




History

The Vatican estimates the number of Vietnamese martyrs at between 130,000 and 300,000. John Paul II decided to canonize those whose names are known and unknown, giving them a single feast day.


The Vietnamese Martyrs fall into several groupings, those of the Dominican and Jesuit missionary era of the 18th century and those killed in the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century. A representative sample of only 117 martyrs—including 96 Vietnamese, 11 Spanish Dominicans, and 10 French members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society (Missions Etrangères de Paris (MEP))—were beatified on four separate occasions: 64 by Pope Leo XIII on May 27, 1900; eight by Pope Pius X on May 20, 1906; 20 by Pope Pius X on May 2, 1909; and 25 by Pope Pius XII on April 29, 1951.[citation needed] All these 117 Vietnamese Martyrs were canonized on June 19, 1988. A young Vietnamese Martyr, Andrew Phú Yên, was beatified in March, 2000 by Pope John Paul II.



Vietnamese martyrs Paul Mi, Pierre Duong, Pierre Truat, martyred on 18 December 1838.

The tortures these individuals underwent are considered by the Vatican to be among the worst in the history of Christian martyrdom. The torturers hacked off limbs joint by joint, tore flesh with red hot tongs, and used drugs to enslave the minds of the victims. Christians at the time were branded on the face with the words "tà đạo" (邪道, lit. "Left (Sinister) religion")[1] and families and villages which subscribed to Christianity were obliterated.[2]


The letters and example of Théophane Vénard inspired the young Saint Thérèse of Lisieux to volunteer for the Carmelite nunnery at Hanoi, though she ultimately contracted tuberculosis and could not go. In 1865 Vénard's body was transferred to his Congregation's church in Paris, but his head remains in Vietnam.[3]


There are several Catholic parishes in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere dedicated to the Martyrs of Vietnam (Holy Martyrs of Vietnam Parishes), one of which is located in Arlington, Texas in the Dallas-Fort Worth area.[4] Others can be found in Houston, Austin, Texas,[5] Denver, Seattle, San Antonio,[6] Arlington, Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, and Norcross, Georgia. There are also churches named after individual saints, such as St. Philippe Minh Church in Saint Boniface, Manitoba.[7]


The Nguyen Campaign against Catholicism in the 19th century

The Catholic Church in Vietnam was devastated during the Tây Sơn rebellion in the late 18th century. During the turmoil, the missions revived, however, as a result of cooperation between the French Vicar Apostolic Pigneaux de Behaine and Nguyen Anh. After Nguyen's victory in 1802, in gratitude to assistance received, he ensured protection to missionary activities. However, only a few years into the new emperor's reign, there was growing antipathy among officials against Catholicism and missionaries reported that it was purely for political reasons that their presence was tolerated.[8] Tolerance continued until the death of the emperor and the new emperor Minh Mang succeeding to the throne in 1820.


Converts began to be harassed without official edicts in the late 1820s, by local governments. In 1831 the emperor passed new laws on regulations for religious groupings in Viet Nam, and Catholicism was then officially prohibited. In 1832, the first act occurred in a largely Catholic village near Hue, with the entire community being incarcerated and sent into exile in Cambodia. In January 1833 a new kingdom-wide edict was passed calling on Vietnamese subjects to reject the religion of Jesus and required suspected Catholics to demonstrate their renunciation by walking on a wooden cross. Actual violence against Catholics, however, did not occur until the Lê Văn Khôi revolt.[8]


During the rebellion, a young French missionary priest named Joseph Marchand was living in sickness in the rebel Gia Dinh citadel. In October 1833, an officer of the emperor reported to the court that a foreign Christian religious leader was present in the citadel. This news was used to justify the edicts against Catholicism, and led to the first executions of missionaries in over 40 years. The first executed was named Francois Gagelin. Marchand was captured and executed as a "rebel leader" in 1835; he was put to death by "slicing".[8] Further repressive measures were introduced in the wake of this episode in 1836. Prior to 1836, village heads had only to simply report to local mandarins about how their subjects had recanted Catholicism; after 1836, officials could visit villages and force all the villagers to line up one by one to trample on a cross and if a community was suspected of harbouring a missionary, militia could block off the village gates and perform a rigorous search; if a missionary was found, collective punishment could be meted out to the entire community.[8]


Missionaries and Catholic communities were able to sometimes escape this through bribery of officials; they were also sometimes victims of extortion attempts by people who demanded money under the threat that they would report the villages and missionaries to the authorities.[8] The missionary Father Pierre Duclos said:


with gold bars murder and theft blossom among honest people.[8]


The court became more aware of the problem of the failure to enforce the laws and applied greater pressure on its officials to act; officials that failed to act or those tho who were seen to be acting too slowly were demoted or removed from office (and sometimes were given severe corporal punishment), while those who attacked and killed the Christians could receive promotion or other rewards. Lower officials or younger family members of officials were sometimes tasked with secretly going through villages to report on hidden missionaries or Catholics that had not apostasized.[8]


The first missionary arrested during this (and later executed) was the priest Jean-Charles Cornay in 1837. A military campaign was conducted in Nam Dinh after letters were discovered in a shipwrecked vessel bound for Macao. Quang Tri and Quang Binh officials captured several priests along with the French missionary Bishop Pierre Dumoulin-Borie in 1838 (who was executed). The court translator, Francois Jaccard, a Catholic who had been kept as a prisoner for years and was extremely valuable to the court, was executed in late 1838; the official who was tasked with this execution, however, was almost immediately dismissed.[8]


A priest, Father Ignatius Delgado, was captured in the village of Can Lao (Nam Định Province), put in a cage on public display for ridicule and abuse, and died of hunger and exposure while waiting for execution; [1] the officer and soldiers that captured him were greatly rewarded (about 3 kg of silver was distributed out to all of them), as were the villagers that had helped to turn him over to the authorities.[8] The bishop Dominic Henares was found in Giao Thuy district of Nam Dinh (later executed); the villagers and soldiers that participated in his arrest were also greatly rewarded (about 3 kg of silver distributed). The priest, Father Joseph Fernandez, and a local priest, Nguyen Ba Tuan, were captured in Kim Song, Nam Dinh; the provincial officials were promoted, the peasants who turned them over were given about 3 kg of silver and other rewards were distributed. In July 1838, a demoted governor attempting to win back his place did so successfully by capturing the priest Father Dang Dinh Vien in Yen Dung, Bac Ninh province. (Vien was executed). In 1839, the same official captured two more priests: Father Dinh Viet Du and Father Nguyen Van Xuyen (also both executed).[8]


In Nhu Ly near Hue, an elderly catholic doctor named Simon Hoa was captured and executed. He had been sheltering a missionary named Charles Delamotte, whom the villagers had pleaded with him to send away. The village was also supposed to erect a shrine for the state-cult, which the doctor also opposed. His status and age protected him from being arrested until 1840, when he was put on trial and the judge pleaded (due to his status in Vietnamese society as both an elder and a doctor) with him to publicly recant; when he refused he was publicly executed.[8]


A peculiar episode occurred in late 1839, when a village in Quang Ngai province called Phuoc Lam was victimized by four men who extorted cash from the villagers under threat of reporting the Christian presence to the authorities. The governor of the province had a Catholic nephew who told him about what happened, and the governor then found the four men (caught smoking opium) and had two executed as well as two exiled. When a Catholic lay leader then came to the governor to offer their gratitude (thus perhaps exposing what the governor had done), the governor told him that those who had come to die for their religion should now prepare themselves and leave something for their wives and children; when news of the whole episode came out, the governor was removed from office for incompetence.[8]


Many officials preferred to avoid execution because of the threat to social order and harmony it represented, and resorted to use of threats or torture in order to force Catholics to recant. Many villagers were executed alongside priests according to mission reports. The emperor died in 1841, and this offered respite for Catholics. However, some persecution still continued after the new emperor took office. Catholic villages were forced to build shrines to the state cult. The missionary Father Pierre Duclos (quoted above) died in prison in after being captured on the Saigon river in June 1846. The boat he was traveling in, unfortunately contained the money that was set for the annual bribes of various officials (up to 1/3 of the annual donated French mission budget for Cochinchina was officially allocated to 'special needs') in order to prevent more arrests and persecutions of the converts; therefore, after his arrest, the officials then began wide searches and cracked down on the catholic communities in their jurisdictions. The amount of money that the French mission societies were able to raise, made the missionaries a lucrative target for officials that wanted cash, which could even surpass what the imperial court was offering in rewards. This created a cycle of extortion and bribery which lasted for years.[8]

St. Placidia October 11

 St. Placidia


Feastday: October 11

Death: 460


Virgin. Placidia lived in Verona and was renowned for her sanctity and her vow of perpetual virginity. She should not be confused with the contemporary Placidia, the daughter of Roman Emperor Valentinian III.

St. Sarmata October 11

 St. Sarmata


Feastday: October 11

Death: 357



Martyr of Egypt. He was a disciple of St. Anthony in the deserts of Egypt, murdered by a band of Bedouins. A monastic pioneer, h e was follower of the Desert Fathers.

St. Tharacus October 11

 St. Tharacus


Feastday: October 11

Death: 304



Also called Taracus, a martyr with Andronicus and Probus during the persecutions of Emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305). Tharachus was born about 239 and was a one-time officer in the Roman army, Probus was a Roman citizen from Pamphilia (modern Turkey), and Andronicus was a young man. They were tried by Numerian Maximus (r. 283-284) and cruelly tortured. Thrown to wild beasts but unharmed, the martyrs were slain by sword in Anazarbus or Tarsus, Cilicia.


Andronicus, Probus (Provos), and Tarachus (Tharacus, Tarachos) were martyrs of the Diocletian persecution (about 304 AD). According to tradition, Tarachus was beaten with stones. Probus was thrashed with whips, his feet were burned with red hot irons, his back and sides were pierced with heated spits; finally he also was cut up with knives. Andronicus was also cut to pieces with knives.



Narrative

According to the Acts, Tarachus (ca. 239- 304), a Roman who was a native of Claudiopolis in Isauria and a former soldier,[1] the plebeian Probus of Side in Pamphylia, and the patrician Andronicus, who belonged to a prominent family of Ephesus, were tried by the governor Numerian Maximus and horribly tortured three times in various cities, including Tarsus, Mopsuestia, and Anazarbus of Cilicia.[2]



Martyrdom of Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus

According to tradition, Tarachus was beaten with stones. Probus was thrashed with whips, his feet were burned with red hot irons, his back and sides were pierced with heated spits; finally he also was cut up with knives. Andronicus was also cut to pieces with knives.


They were then condemned to death by wild beasts, and when the animals would not touch them in the amphitheatre they were put to death with the sword. Three men, named Marcian, Felix, and Verus, witnessed their martyrdom and added an epilogue to the saints' Acts. They retrieved the bodies of the three saints, buried them, and watched over them the rest of their lives, requesting that they be buried in the same vault as the martyrs at the end of theirs.[3]


There are two accounts of their martyrdom, the first account being held by Thierry Ruinart to be entirely authentic. Harnack, however, expressed doubts as to the genuineness of the account, and Hippolyte Delehaye puts the martyrdom in the class of legends of martyrs that he calls "historical romances".[2]


Their feast is celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church on October 11, and in the Greek Orthodox Church on October 12.

St. Cerbonius October 10

 St. Cerbonius


Feastday: October 10

Patron: of Massa Marittima

Birth: 493

Death: 575



Cerbonius was driven from Africa by the Vandals. He imigrated with St. Regulus to Tuscany and succeeded Regulus as bishop of Populonia (Piombino). He was ordered to be killed by wild beasts by King Totila of the Ostrogoths, during his invasion of Tuscany, for hiding several Roman soldiers. Cerbonius was miraculously saved, but he spent his last thirty years of his life in exile on Elba. His feast day is October 10th.


Saint Cerbonius (Cerbo, Italian: San Cerbone, San Cerbonio) (d. 575 AD) was a bishop of Populonia during the Barbarian invasions. Saint Gregory the Great praises him in Book XI of his Dialogues.[2]


Contents

1 Traditions and legends

2 Cerbonius and Totila

3 Veneration

4 See also

5 Notes and references

6 External links

Traditions and legends

An alternate tradition made him a bishop of Massa Marittima around 544 AD, and devotion to the saint in this city arose after Massa Marittima became an episcopal center.[2]


Another tradition states that Cerbonius was a native of North Africa who was the son of Christian parents. He was ordained a priest by Saint Regulus (San Regolo), though not the same one as in the Scottish Legend. Due to persecution by the Arian Vandals in North Africa, the local Christian community dispersed, and together with Regulus, Felix, and some priests, Cerbonius escaped to Italy.[3] After a storm at sea, they landed at Tuscany, where they lived as hermits. During the war raging currently in Italy between Byzantine and Gothic forces, Regulus was imprisoned and decapitated by the Goths after being accused of aiding the Byzantines.[2]


After the death of the bishop of Populonia, Florentius (Fiorenzo), the citizens and clerics asked that Cerbonius serve as their bishop. The citizens soon became frustrated with him, however, since Cerbonius rose every Sunday at daybreak and said mass instead of doing so at the normal hour. The people complained to Pope Vigilius. Vigilius, on hearing what the saint had done, became angry and sent legates to Piombino to bring the bishop to Rome. They found Cerbonius eating breakfast and accused him of heresy, believing that he was eating before performing mass, when in fact he had already performed the service.


They brought him back to Rome. During the way, he cured three men suffering from fever and tamed some wild geese by making the sign of the cross over them, which explains this particular attribute. The geese accompanied him to St. Peter's and flew off after Cerbonius made the sign of the cross over them again.[2]


At Rome, the next morning at daybreak, Cerbonius went into the Pope's chamber and roused him out of bed. He then asked the Pope if he did not hear angels singing; Vigilius replied that he did hear anything of the kind. Cerbonius went off to say mass and Vigilius gave him leave to say his mass at any hour of the morning that pleased him, and sent him back to Piombino.[4]


Cerbonius and Totila

For hiding several Roman soldiers, he was ordered to be killed by a wild bear by Totila, king of the Ostrogoths, during Totila's invasion of Tuscany. However, the bear remained petrified before Cerbonius. It stood on two legs and opened its jaws wide. Then, it fell back on its paws and licked the feet of the saint. Totila exiled Cerbonius instead, to the island of Elba.[3]


Around 575 AD, now old and sick, Cerbonius begged to be buried in Populonia. He asked, however, that those burying him should return immediately to Elba. His friends obeyed him. The ship carrying his body ran into a heavy storm, but arrived safely at Populonia. Cerbonius was buried and his followers returned quickly to Elba. Soon after, the Lombards seized Populonia; Cerbonius had foreseen this and had saved his friends.


Veneration


Saint Cerbonius chapel at Baratti

At Baratti, there is a fountain and chapel dedicated to Saint Cerbonius. A local proverb states: Chi non beve a San Cerbone - è un ladro o un birbone ("Whoever does not drink from the fountain of Saint Cerbonius – is a thief or a rascal.").[3]


The 13th century cathedral at Massa Marittima contains a Romanesque font (1267 with a cover of 1447) and a Gothic reliquary (1324) of Saint Cerbonius, to whom the cathedral is dedicated.


There is another Saint Cerbonius who is venerated at Verona.[1]

St. Daniel October 10

 St. Daniel


Feastday: October 10

Death: 1221


Franciscan martyr of Morocco, with Samuel, Angelus, Domnus, Leo, Nicholas, and Hugolinus. Daniel was a Franciscan provincial in Calabria, Italy. He and the other friars went on a mission to Morocco to preach to the Muslims. They were arrested in Ceuta, North Africa, and termed madmen. When they refused to convert to Islam, they were beheaded. All were canonized in 1516.


Sts. Eulampius and Eulampia October 10

 Sts. Eulampius and Eulampia


Feastday: October 10

Death: 310






Image of Sts. Eulampius and EulampiaEulampius, a Christian youth of Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey), is believed to have suffered for his faith under the eastern Roman emperor Maximinus Daia. Eulampius was arrested as he was seeking to purchase bread for the many Christians hiding outside the city in caves. Shortly after Eulampius had been brutally scourged, a girl rushed out from the crowd of onlookers, and throwing her arms about his neck, lovingly embraced him. The girl was Eulampius' sister, Eulampia. She was immediately arrested, and was executed with her brother the next day.

Saints Eulampius and Eulampia (died 310 AD) are venerated as 3rd century Christian martyrs. According to tradition, they were brother and sister and natives of Nicomedia and were executed during the reign of Emperor Maximinus II Daia.[1]


According to tradition, Eulampius was arrested by the Roman authorities during an attempt to buy supplies for Christians who were hiding in caves on the outskirts of Nicomedia.[1] After Eulampius was whipped, his sister Eulampia was arrested after she identified herself by emerging from a crowd to embrace and comfort him.[1]


Eulampius and Eulampia were executed the next day.[1] According to Christian tradition, two hundred soldiers, moved by the courage of the two siblings, converted to Christianity and were themselves martyred.[2]

St. Fulk October 10

 St. Fulk


Feastday: October 10

Death: 845


A Benedictine abbot of Fontenelle, in Normandy, France, the twenty first of the line.

St. Gercon October 10

 St. Gercon


Feastday: October 10

Death: 3rd century



Martyr associated with Xanten or Bonn. Legends concerning Gercon and his companions are confusing. At one time Gercon was associated with the Theban Legion. 

St. Gereon October 10

 St. Gereon


Feastday: October 10

Patron: of Cologne; knights of Cologne; invoked against headaches, migraine

Death: 304






.  See Mauritius, and Victor with 330 companions. Part of the Theban Legion, Martyred on the Lower Rhine River at Xanten. 10 Oct.


Saint Gereon of Cologne (French: Géréon), who may have been a soldier, was martyred at Cologne by beheading, probably in the early 4th century.



Legend

According to his legend, Gereon (called the "Golden Saint") was said to be a soldier[1] of the Theban Legion. Gregory of Tours, writing in the 6th century, said that Gereon and his companions were a detachment of fifty men of the Theban Legion who were massacred at Agaunum by order of Emperor Maximian for refusing to sacrifice to pagan gods to obtain victory in battle.


Some of his companions' names are stated as being Cassius, Gregorius Maurus, Florentius, Innocentius (Innocent), Constantinus, and Victor.


Saint Bede mentions that their feast was included in the Sarum calendar, as well as the calendars of Barking and Durham. Later medieval legends increased the number of Gereon's companions to 290 or 319, and Saint Norbert of Xanten is said to have discovered, through a vision, the spot at Cologne where the relics of Saint Ursula and her companions, of Saint Gereon, and of other martyrs lay hidden.[2]


Gereon became a popular military saint and is often represented in art as a Roman soldier or medieval knight. Along with other saints who were beheaded, he is invoked by those suffering from migraine headaches. Hélinand of Froidmont's Martyrium mentions Saint Gereon.


Legacy

St. Gereon's Basilica, in Cologne, is dedicated to him.[1] Stefan Lochner painted a triptych in the 15th century which, in the centre piece, shows in almost life-size figures the worshipping of the Magi, and the side panels of which represent St. Ursula with her companions, and Gereon with his warriors. In 1810 the triptych was moved from the town hall to the choir chapel of the cathedral.[3]


The city of Saint-Géréon is a small town located in the department of Loire-Atlantique of the French region Pays de la Loire.[4]


The martyr is depicted on the 13th century seal of the Convent of St. Gereon, Cologne.[5]

St. Maharsapor October 10

 St. Maharsapor


Feastday: October 10


Martyr of Persia, with Narses and Sabutake, who suffered under King Varahran V. He was imprisoned for three years. Refusing to deny the faith, Maharsapor was thrown into a deep pit where he died of starvation. He is sometimes listed as Sapor.

Bl. Mary Angela Truszkowska October 10

 Bl. Mary Angela Truszkowska


Feastday: October 10

Death: 1899

Beatified: Pope John Paul II






Blessed Mary Angela, baptized as Sophia Camille, was born in Kalisz, Poland on May 16, 1825. Her parents, Joseph and Josephine Truszkowski, from noble families of the landed gentry, were well educated, devout Catholics and loyal patriots.


Sophia was a highly intelligent, generous, vivacious but frail child. She began her education at home under a private tutor. When the family moved to Warsaw in 1837, Sophia was enrolled in the then prestigious Academy of Madame Guerin.


Because of ill health, Sophia was withdrawn from the Academy and continued her education at home where she availed herself of her father's vast library. She read extensively and, with profound insight, studied the causes and effects of contemporary social problems. Her father, in sharing his experiences as judge in the juvenile courts, broadened her knowledge of the social evils of her day. He helped to shape her sense of justice in an unjust world.


Already from her childhood, Sophia was drawn to prayer and genuine concern for others; but it was in 1848 at the age of 23 that she experienced a great change in her spiritual life which she herself called her "conversion". This was the beginning of a more intensive interior life which manifested itself in a growing devotion to the Holy Eucharist, a greater love of prayer and a more ascetic life. She seriously considered joining the cloistered Visitation Sisters but her confessor advised her not to leave her ailing father. Later, while traveling with him through Germany, Sophia was enlightened by the Lord during her prayer in the cathedral of Cologne that, despite her love of prayer and solitude, she was destined to go among the suffering poor and to serve Christ in them through prayer and sacrifice. She became a member of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. During the day she worked zealously for the cause of the poor and at night she prayed, constantly searching for God's will for herself.


Finally, Sophia discovered her path and forged ahead independently. By this time she had a crystallized vision of her mission. Acknowledging that the evils of her day were due to broken families, a licentious social milieu and a lack of religious and moral training, she undertook the moral and religious education of poor neglected children, gradually extending her spacious heart to the downtrodden, the exploited, the aged and homeless. With her father’s financial help and her cousin Clothilde’s assistance she rented two attic rooms. This center then became the acclaimed "Institute of Sophia Truszkowska" which began to serve as a conscience of its cultural milieu.


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Here, before an icon of Our Lady of Czestochowa, Sophia - now named Angela - together with Clothilde solemnly dedicated themselves on the feast of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, November 21, 1855, to do the will of her Son, Jesus Christ, in all things. Hereafter, this was recorded as the official founding day of the Congregation of the Sisters of St.Felix of Cantalice. Mother Angela determined that the aim of her Congregation was that "in all and by all, God may be known, loved and glorified".


Mother Angela was not only a deeply spiritual woman but a truly enlightened woman of her day. Her community, unique to the then traditional religious life in Poland, was innovative in pioneering nontraditional leadership roles for women and service-oriented roles to meet the needs of the times. However, she integrated these nontraditional roles with the existing forms of religious life, thereby uniting ministry and contemplation within the framework of her own charism.


Through her life, work and personal holiness, the Foundress marked out the role and destiny of this 19th century innovation in Poland. As one of the first active-contemplative communities, her sisters actualized the Gospel message in generating needed social changes, actively survived political suppression of foreign conquerors, and assumed a vital and lasting role in the mission of the Church.


Mother Angela envisioned service for God’s kingdom on earth as all-embracing. When the Church called, the Felician Sisters responded. The myriad of ministries in which they engaged ranged from social and catechetical centers to converted makeshift hospitals for the wounded guerrilla fighters, including Russian and Polish soldiers - the oppressors with the oppressed - with a charity that made no distinctions.


For three successive terms, Mother Angela was elected as superior general of the Congregation. Her desire to multiply herself a thousand times and travel to all parts of the world, to live God’s love and teach his merciful love to all living souls was realized in God’s own way. At the age of 44, at the peak of human competency, the Foundress moved aside and placed her Congregation in the hands of another. She abandoned herself to God’s will and for 30 long years she lived in complete hiddenness suffering progressive deafness, malignant tumors, and excruciating headaches.


Despite the fact that she retired into the background, her concern for the sisters remained very much alive. As foundress and mother of the Congregation, she was the inspirator in the writing of the Constitutions, the initiator of new ministries and, above all, mother and guide to her spiritual daughters. She exerted her influence through letters, petitions, and even confrontations to bring to fruition the vision she had for her Congregation of Felician Sisters. She heartily endorsed the plan to send sisters to America and personally blessed the five pioneers as they left in 1874.


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Her submission to God’s will gradually brought her to a complete union with Him in the long mystic experience of her annihilation. Hers was a spirituality of essentials. There were no extraordinary forms of prayer, no visions, ecstasies, or divine revelations. Her lasting legacy of love is the childlike love and imitation of the virtues of Mary, and the Eucharistic spirituality which she bequeathed to her spiritual daughters as a way of life. To this day every provincial house of the Congregation of Sisters of St. Felix of Cantalice has the privilege of public exposition and adoration of the Blessed Sacrament throughout the day.


Mother Mary Angela died on October 10, 1899, at 12:45 a.m. Her face, ravaged by suffering, in death took on an expression of peace and quiet dignity. Victory over death shone in the gentle countenance of her face, and the sisters claimed that she was so beautiful and pleasing to look at that they could scarcely take their eyes off her. By special authorization of the municipality of Cracow, Mother Mary Angela Truszkowska was buried in the chapel adjoining the convent of the Felician Sisters on SmolenskStreet.


For this world today, Blessed Mary Angela Truszkowska remains an example of true femininity, a woman of conviction; a woman who has dared to be prophetic; a religious who has inspired and challenged many to action and contemplation.



Blessed Mary Angela, Foundress


Chapel (1936) of the Felician Sisters in Livonia, Michigan.

The Felician Sisters, officially known as the Congregation of Sisters of St. Felix of Cantalice Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Assisi (CSSF), is a religious institute of pontifical right whose members profess public vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience and follow the evangelical way of life in common. This active-contemplative religious institute was founded in Warsaw, Poland, in 1855, by Sophia Truszkowska, and named for a shrine of St. Felix, a 16th-century Capuchin saint especially devoted to children.



Foundation

When Sophia Camille Truszkowska was twelve years of age, her family moved to Warsaw where her father took up the position of Registrar of Deeds. Initially, she wished to become a Visitation nun, but in 1854 she joined the Society of St. Vincent de Paul and began to work among the poor. With her father’s financial assistance, she rented a flat in order to care for several orphaned girls and aged women. Sophia was joined in her work by her cousin and close friend, Clothilde Ciechanowska. Later that year they became lay members of the Franciscan Third Order. On the Feast of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, November 21, 1855, while praying before an icon of Our Lady of Czestochowa, they solemnly dedicated themselves to do the will of Jesus Christ in all things. Hereafter this was recorded as the official founding day of the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Felix of Cantalice.[1]


People began calling them "Sisters of St. Felix." in reference to the shrine of St. Felix of Cantalice at a nearby Capuchin church. They were popularly referred to as "Felician Sisters," the name by which the community is still known. In 1857, she and several associates took the Franciscan habit. Sophia took the new name of Mary Angela.[2] In 1869 health problems caused her to withdraw from administration of the Congregation. She spent the next thirty years on assignments in the garden and greenhouse, tending flowers for the chapel and in the liturgical vestment sewing room, embroidering altar cloths and chasubles. She died at the provincial house in Kraków on October 10, 1899.[3] Mother Mary Angela Truszkowska was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1993.


Expansion

The Felician sisters came to the United States in 1874, at the invitation of Rev. Joseph Dabrowski, pastor of St. Joseph Parish in Polonia, Wisconsin. There they taught in the parish school.


In 1947 Felician Sisters of Our Lady of the Angels Province, Enfield, Connecticut, accepted an offer to purchase the Paine Private Hospital located in Bangor, Maine; the name of the facility was changed to St. Joseph Hospital.[4]


Eventually, their work spread to Canada and Haiti.


Religious habit

Most Felician Sisters maintain the religious garb of their Foundress, Blessed Mary Angela Truszkowska, consisting of a brown habit (beige during summer months), scapular, (jacket at specified times), headdress, black veil, collar, Felician wooden crucifix suspended on tape or cord, and simple ring received at final profession. This remains a discipline in the Kraków, Przemyśl and Warsaw provinces in Poland, and a treasured tradition in the former Livonia and Enfield provinces in North America. At the 1994 General Chapter, a proposal passed allowing the sisters to wear an alternate habit consisting of a brown, black, beige or white skirt, blazer, suit or jumper along with a white blouse. Sisters wearing the alternate habit wear the Felician Crucifix along with the ring received at final profession and may wear it with our without a veil.


Ministry

The Felician Sisters have always sought to harmonize a deep spiritual and community life with dedication to diverse acts of mercy. As of 2014, there were 1,800 professed members of the Felician Sisters, with about 700 in the North American Province.[5] They use the abbreviation/post-nominal C.S.S.F. (Congregation of the Sisters of St. Felix).


They remain active in education, operating, among other facilities, the St. Mary Child Care Center in Livonia, Michigan; Immaculate Conception High School, founded in 1915 in Lodi, New Jersey; and Villa Maria College in Buffalo, New York.[6] Built on the site of a former Felician orphanage, Our Lady of Grace Village in Newark, Delaware is a 60-unit affordable housing community.[7] The St. Felix Centre in Toronto, Canada offers Respite services.[8] In Holly, Michigan, they run the Maryville Retreat Center.[9]

St. Patricain October 10

 St. Patricain


Feastday: October 10

Death: 5th century


Scottish bishop. He endured much hardship at the hands of pagan raiders and was eventually forced to leave his see because of their predations. It is believed he died on the Isle of Man.


St. Paulinus of Capua October 10

 St. Paulinus of Capua


Feastday: October 10

Death: 843


Bishop of Capua. Paulinus was from England and, according to tradition, he was on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem when he stopped at Capua, Italy. For whatever reason, the inhabitants of the city compelled him to become their bishop. His term as bishop was deeply troubled by the predations of Saracen raiders, and he died at Sicopolis, the city to which he fled when Capua was overrun by the Saracens.


The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Capua (Latin: Archidioecesis Capuana) is an archdiocese (originally a suffragan bishopric) of the Roman Catholic Church in Capua, in Campania, Italy, but its archbishop no longer holds metropolitan rank and has no ecclesiastical province.[1][2] Since 1979, it is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Napoli, i.e. no longer has its own ecclesiastical province nor metropolitan status.



History

According to the tradition, Christianity was first preached at Capua by St. Priscus, a disciple of St. Peter. In the martyrology mention is made of many Capuan martyrs, and it is probable that, owing to its position and importance, Capua received the Christian doctrine at a very early period.


The first bishop of whom there is positive record is Proterius (Protus), present at the Roman Council under Pope Melchiades in 313.[3]


Bishop Memorius, who held a council to deal with the Schism of Antioch and the heresy of Bonosus, is often mentioned in the letters of St. Augustine and St. Paulinus, and was the father of the ardent Pelagian Julian of Eclanum.[4]


In 841, during the bishopric of Paulinus, a band of Saracens destroyed Capua, and much of the population emigrated in a new town founded in another location. The episcopal see was moved there; later the old city, growing around the ancient basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, was repopulated and called Santa Maria di Capua (current Santa Maria Capua Vetere). It is part of the current archdiocese of Capua. The first bishop of the diocese of Capua Nova ("New Capua") was Landulf (843–879).[5]


In 968 pope John XIII took refuge in Capua, and in gratitude raised the see to archiepiscopal rank on 14 August 966. First archbishop was John (966–973).


On 24 December 1108, Pope Paschal II, who had been staying at Benevento for some months, visited Capua at the request of Abbot Bruno of Montecassino, and dedicated the renovated church of S. Benedict in Capua.[6]


Cathedral and Chapter

In the 13th century, the cathedral had more than fifty-two clerics called canonici. Archbishop Marino Filomarino (1252–1285) reduced the number to forty, ten priests, ten deacons, and twenty subdeacons. They were originally presided over by a dignity called the Archpriest, though the name was later changed to Dean. There was also an Archdeacon.[7] In 1698 there were four dignities (the Dean, the Archdeacon, and two Primicerii)[8]


Councils at Capua

In Lent 1087, an important conference of cardinals and bishops took place at Capua with Cardinal Desiderius, the Abbot of Montecassino. A prominent part in the proceedings was taken by Cincius, the consul of Rome, Jordan Prince of Capua, and Duke Roger of Apulia and Calabria. On 24 May 1086, Desiderius had been the leading candidate in the papal election to succeed Pope Gregory VII, but he steadfastly refused the election. Finally he was prevailed upon to assume the papal mantle, but he had second thoughts and removed himself to Terracina. The conference at Capua put strong pressure on him to reassume the papal throne, and, on 21 March 1087, he relented. Finally he was crowned in Rome on 9 May 1087 as Pope Victor III.[9]


On 7 April 1118, Pope Gelasius II, who had been forced to flee from Rome on 1 March, held a council in Capua; the Emperor Henry V, who had seized Rome, and the antipope Gregory VIII (Martin Burdinus, Bishop of Braga), who crowned him emperor, were excommunicated.[10]


In 1569, Cardinal Niccolò Caetani di Sermoneta (1546–1585) presided over a provincial council in Capua.[11] Archbishop Cesare Costa (1572–1602) held a provincial council on 2 November 1577.[12] On 6–9 April 1603, Archbishop Robert Bellarmine (1602–1605) presided at a provincial council in Capua.[13] The next provincial council took place in 1859, two hundred and fifty-six years after Bellarmine's council.[14]


Cardinal Robert Bellarmine (1602–1605) held a diocesan synod in 1603.[15] Cardinal Niccolò Caracciolo (1703–1728) held a diocesan synod in Capua on Pentecost Sunday, 1726.[16]


Loss of metropolitan status

Following the Second Vatican Council, and in accordance with the norms laid out in the Council's decree, Christus Dominus chapter 40,[17] major changes were made in the ecclesiastical administrative structure of southern Italy. Wide consultations had taken place with the bishops and other prelates who would be affected. Action, however, was deferred, first by the death of Pope Paul VI on 6 August 1978, then the death of Pope John Paul I on 28 September 1978, and the election of Pope John Paul II on 16 October 1978. Pope John Paul II issued a decree, "Quamquam Ecclesia," on 30 April 1979, ordering the changes. Three ecclesiastical provinces were abolished entirely: those of Conza, Capua, and Sorrento. A new ecclesiastical province was created, to be called the Regio Campana, whose Metropolitan was the Archbishop of Naples. The dioceses formerly members of the suppressed Province of Capua (Gaeta, Calvi and Chieti, Caserta, and Sessa Arunca) became suffragans of Naples. The archbishop of Capua himself retained the title of Archbishop, but the diocese became a suffragan of Naples.[18]