St. Kevoca
Feastday: October 18
Death: 5th century
Welsh virgin, also called Keyne or Ceinwen. She is possibly one of the twenty-four children of the chieftain Brychan of Brecknock, Wales. Keyna supposedly became a hermitess on the banks of the Severn River in Somerset, England St. Cadoc, her nephew, convinced her to return to Wales. She founded churches in southern Wales and in Cornwall, England, and possibly in Somerset.
St. Athenodorus
Feastday: October 18
Death: 269
Bishop and martyr. Athenodorus was a member of a prominent pagan family at Neocaesarea, in Cappadocia. His brother was St. Gregory Thaumaturgus. He went with Gregory and their sister to Caesarea, in 223, planning to study law in Beirut, Lebanon. Origen was in Caesarea, and Athenodorus and Gregory were converted by him. Athenodorus was named bishop of an unnamed see in Pontus later in his life. He was martyred in the persecutions of Emperor Aurelian.
St. Luke
✠ புனிதர் லூக்கா ✠
(St. Luke)
திருத்தூதர், நற்செய்தியாளர், மறைசாட்சி:
(Apostle, Evangelist, Martyr)
பிறப்பு: ---
அந்தியோக்கியா, சிரியா, ரோமப் பேரரசு
(Antioch, Syria, Roman Empire)
இறப்பு: கி.பி. சுமார் 84 (வயது 84)
பியோஷியா அருகே, கிரேக்கம்
(Near Boeotia, Greece)
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(Roman Catholic Church)
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
(Eastern Orthodox Church)
கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(Eastern Catholic Churches)
ஆங்கிலிக்கன் ஒன்றியம்
(Anglican Communion)
ஓரியண்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
(Oriental Orthodox Churches)
லூதரனியம் மற்றும் சில சீர்திருத்தத் திருச்சபைகள்
(Lutheran Church and some other Protestant Churches)
முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:
பதுவை, இத்தாலி
(Padua, Italy)
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: அக்டோபர் 18
பாதுகாவல்:
கலைஞர்கள், மருத்துவர்கள், விவசாயிகள்,
அறுவை சிகிச்சை மருத்துவர்கள் மற்றும் பலர்
குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த படைப்புகள்:
லூக்கா நற்செய்தி
அப்போஸ்தலர் பணி
நற்செய்தியாளரான புனிதர் லூக்கா, ஒரு ஆதி கிறிஸ்தவ எழுத்தாளரும், திருச்சபை தந்தையரும், புனித ஜெரோம் மற்றும் யோசிபஸின்'படி விவிலியத்தின் லூக்கா நற்செய்தி மற்றும் அப்போஸ்தலர் பணி என்னும் நூல்களின் ஆசிரியரும் ஆவார். இவர் நான்கு நற்செய்தியாளர்களுள் ஒருவராகக் கருதப்படுகின்றார். இவரின் எழுத்து நடை, இவர் நன்கு கற்றறிந்தவர் என்பதனை எடுத்தியம்புகின்றது.
அந்தியோக்கியா நகரில் பிறந்து வாழ்ந்த இவர், தொழில்ரீதியாக ஒரு மருத்துவர் ஆவார். இவரைப்பற்றிய மிகப்பழைய குறிப்பு திருத்தூதர் பவுல் எழுதிய பிலமோன் வசனம் 24, கொலோசையர் 4:14 மற்றும் திமொத்தேயு 4:11ல் காணக்கிடைக்கின்றது.
இவர் இயேசுவின் பன்னிரு திருத்தூதர்களில் ஒருவர் அல்ல. மாறாக அவரின் 70 சீடருள் ஒருவராக இருக்கலாம் எனவும், குறிப்பாக உயிர்த்த இயேசுவோடு எமாவுசுக்கு சென்ற இரு சீடர்களுள் ஒருவராக இருக்கலாம் எனவும் விவிலிய அறிஞர்கள் கருதுகின்றனர்.
கலைஞராக லூக்கா:
எட்டாம் நூற்றாண்டில் தொடங்கப்பட்ட கிறிஸ்தவ பாரம்பரியம், லூக்காவை முதல் பிரபல ஓவியர் என்கிறது. அவர் வரைந்த இறைவனின் தூய அன்னை மரியாளினதும் குழந்தை இயேசுவினதும் சித்திரங்கள் அதி பிரசித்தி பெற்றவை. முக்கியமாக, தற்போது காணாமல் போன “கான்ஸ்டன்டினோபில்” (Constantinople) அருகேயுள்ள "ஹோடேகெட்ரியா" (Hodegetria image) அன்னையின் சித்திரம் பிரபலமானது. பதினொன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில், அவரது கைத்திறமைகளுக்காக பல சித்திரங்கள் புனிதத்துவம் பெற்றன. எடுத்துக்காட்டாக, "செஸ்டோசோவா'வின் "கருப்பு மடோன்னா" (Black Madonna of Częstochowa and Our Lady of Vladimir) சித்திரம் முக்கியமானதாகும். இவர், புனிதர்கள் பவுல் மற்றும் பேதுரு ஆகியோரின் சித்திரங்களையும் வரைந்ததாக கூறப்படுவதுண்டு. அக்காலத்தில், ஒரு நற்செய்தி புத்தகத்தை நுண்ணிய முழு சுழற்சியுடன் விளக்கி எழுதியிருந்ததாகவும் கூறப்படுகின்றது.
அப்போஸ்தலர் புனிதர் பவுலின் சீடராகிய இவர், பிறகு பவுல் மறைசாட்சியாக மரிக்கும்வரை அவரைப் பின்பற்றுபவராக இருந்தார்.
திருமணமாகாத, குழந்தைகளில்லாத, தூய ஆவியால் நிரப்பப்பட்டிருந்த புனித லூக்கா, கடைசிவரை ஆண்டவருக்கு சேவை செய்வதிலேயே தமது ஆயுளைக் கழித்தார்.
இவர் தனது 84ம் வயதில் மரித்தார் என்பர். இவரது மீ பொருட்கள் கான்ஸ்டண்டினோப்பிளுக்கு கி.பி 357ம் ஆண்டு, கொண்டுவரப்பட்டன.
இவரது நினைவுத் திருவிழாநாள் அக்டோபர் மாதம், 18ம் தேதி ஆகும்.
Feastday: October 18
Patron: Physicians and Surgeons
Luke, the writer of the Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles, has been identified with St. Paul's "Luke, the beloved physician" (Colossians 4:14). We know few other facts about Luke's life from Scripture and from early Church historians.
It is believed that Luke was born a Greek and a Gentile. In Colossians 10-14 speaks of those friends who are with him. He first mentions all those "of the circumcision" -- in other words, Jews -- and he does not include Luke in this group. Luke's gospel shows special sensitivity to evangelizing Gentiles. It is only in his gospel that we hear the parable of the Good Samaritan, that we hear Jesus praising the faith of Gentiles such as the widow of Zarephath and Naaman the Syrian (Lk.4:25-27), and that we hear the story of the one grateful leper who is a Samaritan (Lk.17:11-19). According to the early Church historian Eusebius Luke was born at Antioch in Syria.
In our day, it would be easy to assume that someone who was a doctor was rich, but scholars have argued that Luke might have been born a slave. It was not uncommon for families to educate slaves in medicine so that they would have a resident family physician. Not only do we have Paul's word, but Eusebius, Saint Jerome, Saint Irenaeus and Caius, a second-century writer, all refer to Luke as a physician.
We have to go to Acts to follow the trail of Luke's Christian ministry. We know nothing about his conversion but looking at the language of Acts we can see where he joined Saint Paul. The story of the Acts is written in the third person, as an historian recording facts, up until the sixteenth chapter. In Acts 16:8-9 we hear of Paul's company "So, passing by Mysia, they went down to Troas. During the night Paul had a vision: there stood a man of Macedonia pleading with him and saying, 'Come over to Macedonia and help us.' " Then suddenly in 16:10 "they" becomes "we": "When he had seen the vision, we immediately tried to cross over to Macedonia, being convinced that God had called us to proclaim the good news to them."
So Luke first joined Paul's company at Troas at about the year 51 and accompanied him into Macedonia where they traveled first to Samothrace, Neapolis, and finally Philippi. Luke then switches back to the third person which seems to indicate he was not thrown into prison with Paul and that when Paul left Philippi Luke stayed behind to encourage the Church there. Seven years passed before Paul returned to the area on his third missionary journey. In Acts 20:5, the switch to "we" tells us that Luke has left Philippi to rejoin Paul in Troas in 58 where they first met up. They traveled together through Miletus, Tyre, Caesarea, to Jerusalem.
Luke is the loyal comrade who stays with Paul when he is imprisoned in Rome about the year 61: "Epaphras, my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus, sends greetings to you, and so do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers" (Philemon 24). And after everyone else deserts Paul in his final imprisonment and sufferings, it is Luke who remains with Paul to the end: "Only Luke is with me" (2 Timothy 4:11).
Luke's inspiration and information for his Gospel and Acts came from his close association with Paul and his companions as he explains in his introduction to the Gospel: "Since many have undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed on to us by those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word, I too decided, after investigating everything carefully from the very first, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus" (Luke 1:1-3).
Luke's unique perspective on Jesus can be seen in the six miracles and eighteen parables not found in the other gospels. Luke's is the gospel of the poor and of social justice. He is the one who tells the story of Lazarus and the Rich Man who ignored him. Luke is the one who uses "Blessed are the poor" instead of "Blessed are the poor in spirit" in the beatitudes. Only in Luke's gospel do we hear Mary 's Magnificat where she proclaims that God "has brought down the powerful from their thrones, and lifted up the lowly; he has filled the hungry with good things, and sent the rich away empty" (Luke 1:52-53).
Luke also has a special connection with the women in Jesus' life, especially Mary. It is only in Luke's gospel that we hear the story of the Annunciation, Mary's visit to Elizabeth including the Magnificat, the Presentation, and the story of Jesus' disappearance in Jerusalem. It is Luke that we have to thank for the Scriptural parts of the Hail Mary: "Hail Mary full of grace" spoken at the Annunciation and "Blessed are you and blessed is the fruit of your womb Jesus" spoken by her cousin Elizabeth.
Forgiveness and God's mercy to sinners is also of first importance to Luke. Only in Luke do we hear the story of the Prodigal Son welcomed back by the overjoyed father. Only in Luke do we hear the story of the forgiven woman disrupting the feast by washing Jesus' feet with her tears. Throughout Luke's gospel, Jesus takes the side of the sinner who wants to return to God's mercy.
Reading Luke's gospel gives a good idea of his character as one who loved the poor, who wanted the door to God's kingdom opened to all, who respected women, and who saw hope in God's mercy for everyone.
The reports of Luke's life after Paul's death are conflicting. Some early writers claim he was martyred, others say he lived a long life. Some say he preached in Greece, others in Gaul. The earliest tradition we have says that he died at 84 Boeotia after settling in Greece to write his Gospel.
A tradition that Luke was a painter seems to have no basis in fact. Several images of Mary appeared in later centuries claiming him as a painter but these claims were proved false. Because of this tradition, however, he is considered a patron of painters of pictures and is often portrayed as painting pictures of Mary.
He is often shown with an ox or a calf because these are the symbols of sacrifice -- the sacrifice Jesus made for all the world.
Luke is the patron of physicians and surgeons.
"Saint Luke" redirects here. For other uses, see Saint Luke (disambiguation).
Luke the Evangelist (Latin: Lucas; Ancient Greek: Λουκᾶς, Loukâs; Hebrew: לוקאס, Lūqās; Aramaic: /ܠܘܩܐ לוקא, Lūqā') is one of the Four Evangelists—the four traditionally ascribed authors of the canonical gospels. The Early Church Fathers ascribed to him authorship of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, which would mean Luke contributed over a quarter of the text of the New Testament, more than any other author. Prominent figures in early Christianity such as Jerome and Eusebius later reaffirmed his authorship, although a lack of conclusive evidence as to the identity of the author of the works has led to discussion in scholarly circles, both secular and religious.
The New Testament mentions Luke briefly a few times, and the Pauline Epistle to the Colossians[Col 4:14] refers to him as a physician (from Greek for 'one who heals'); thus he is thought to have been both a physician and a disciple of Paul. Since the early years of the faith, Christians have regarded him as a saint. He is believed to have been a martyr, reportedly having been hanged from an olive tree, though some believe otherwise.[a]
The Catholic Church and other major denominations venerate him as Saint Luke the Evangelist and as a patron saint of artists, physicians, bachelors, surgeons, students and butchers; his feast day is 18 October.[2]
Luke the Evangelist is remembered in the Church of England with a Festival on 18 October.[3]
Life
Print of Luke the Evangelist. Made by Crispijn van de Passe de Oude.[4]
Many scholars believe that Luke was a Greek physician who lived in the Greek city of Antioch in Ancient Syria,[b] although some other scholars and theologians think Luke was a Hellenic Jew.[5][6] Bart Koet, a researcher and professor of theology, has stated that it was widely accepted that the theology of Luke–Acts points to a gentile Christian writing for a gentile audience, although he concludes that it is more plausible that Luke–Acts is directed to a community made up of both Jewish and gentile Christians because there is stress on the scriptural roots of the gentile mission (see the use of Isaiah 49:6 in Luke–Acts).[7][8] Gregory Sterling, Dean of the Yale Divinity School, claims that he was either a Hellenistic Jew or a god-fearer.[6]
His earliest notice is in Paul's Epistle to Philemon—[Philemon 1:24]. He is also mentioned in Colossians 4:14 and 2 Timothy 4:11, two Pauline works.[9][10][11][12][13] The next earliest account of Luke is in the Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke, a document once thought to date to the 2nd century, but which has more recently been dated to the later 4th century.[citation needed] Helmut Koester, however, claims that the following part, the only part preserved in the original Greek, may have been composed in the late 2nd century:
James Tissot, Saint Luke (Saint Luc), Brooklyn Museum
Epiphanius states that Luke was one of the Seventy Apostles (Panarion 51.11), and John Chrysostom indicates at one point that the "brother" Paul mentions in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians 8:18 is either Luke or Barnabas. (Homily 18 on Second Corinthians on 2 Corinthians 8:18)
If one accepts that Luke was indeed the author of the Gospel bearing his name and also the Acts of the Apostles, certain details of his personal life can be reasonably assumed. While he does exclude himself from those who were eyewitnesses to Jesus' ministry, he repeatedly uses the word "we" in describing the Pauline missions in Acts of the Apostles, indicating that he was personally there at those times.[14]
There is similar evidence that Luke resided in Troas, the province which included the ruins of ancient Troy, in that he writes in Acts in the third person about Paul and his travels until they get to Troas, where he switches to the first person plural. The "we" section of Acts continues until the group leaves Philippi, when his writing goes back to the third person. This change happens again when the group returns to Philippi. There are three "we sections" in Acts, all following this rule. Luke never stated, however, that he lived in Troas, and this is the only evidence that he did.[citation needed]
Luke as depicted in the head-piece of an Armenian Gospel manuscript from 1609, held at the Bodleian Library
The composition of the writings, as well as the range of vocabulary used, indicate that the author was an educated man. A quote in the Epistle to the Colossians differentiates between Luke and other colleagues "of the circumcision."
10 My fellow prisoner Aristarchus sends you his greetings, as does Mark, the cousin of Barnabas. 11 Jesus, who is called Justus, also sends greetings. These are the only Jews among my co-workers for the kingdom of God, and they have proved a comfort to me. ... 14 Our dear friend Luke, the doctor, and Demas send greetings.
— Colossians 4:10–11, 14.
This comment has traditionally caused commentators to conclude that Luke was a gentile. If this were true, it would make Luke the only writer of the New Testament who can clearly be identified as not being Jewish. However, that is not the only possibility. Although Luke is considered likely to have been a gentile Christian, some scholars believe him to have been a Hellenized Jew.[5][6][15] The phrase could just as easily be used to differentiate between those Christians who strictly observed the rituals of Judaism and those who did not.[14]
Luke's presence in Rome with the Apostle Paul near the end of Paul's life was attested by 2 Timothy 4:11: "Only Luke is with me". In the last chapter of the Book of Acts, widely attributed to Luke, there are several accounts in the first person also affirming Luke's presence in Rome, including Acts 28:16: "And when we came to Rome... ." According to some accounts, Luke also contributed to the authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews.[16]
Luke died at age 84 in Boeotia, according to a "fairly early and widespread tradition".[17] According to Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos, Greek historian of the 14th century (and others), Luke's tomb was located in Thebes, whence his relics were transferred to Constantinople in the year 357.[18]
Authorship of Luke and Acts
See also: Authorship of Luke–Acts
The Gospel of Luke does not name its author.[19][20](Senior, Achtemeier & Karris 2002, p. 328)[21] The Gospel was not, nor does it claim to be, written by direct witnesses to the reported events, unlike Acts beginning in the sixteenth chapter.[22][23][24] However, in most translations the author suggests that they have investigated the book's events and notes the name (Theophilus) of that to whom they are writing.
The earliest manuscript of the Gospel (Papyrus 75 = Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV), dated circa AD 200, ascribes the work to Luke; as did Irenaeus writing circa AD 180, and the Muratorian fragment, a 7th-century Latin manuscript thought to be copied and translated from a Greek manuscript as old as AD 170.[25]
The Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke–Acts. Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution by a single author.[26]
Luke paints the Madonna and the Baby Jesus, by Maarten van Heemskerck, 1532
As a historian
See also: Historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles, Census of Quirinius, and Chronology of Jesus
A medieval Armenian illumination of Luke, by Toros Roslin
Most scholars understand Luke's works (Luke–Acts) in the tradition of Greek historiography.[27] The preface of The Gospel of Luke[Luke 1:1–4] drawing on historical investigation identified the work to the readers as belonging to the genre of history.[28] There is disagreement about how best to treat Luke's writings, with some historians regarding Luke as highly accurate,[29][30] and others taking a more critical approach.[31][32][33][34][c]
Based on his accurate description of towns, cities and islands, as well as correctly naming various official titles, archaeologist Sir William Ramsay wrote that "Luke is a historian of the first rank; not merely are his statements of fact trustworthy. ...[He] should be placed along with the very greatest of historians."[29] Professor of Classics at Auckland University, E.M. Blaiklock, wrote: "For accuracy of detail, and for evocation of atmosphere, Luke stands, in fact, with Thucydides. The Acts of the Apostles is not shoddy product of pious imagining, but a trustworthy record. ...It was the spadework of archaeology which first revealed the truth."[30] New Testament scholar Colin Hemer has made a number of advancements in understanding the historical nature and accuracy of Luke's writings.[35]
On the purpose of Acts, New Testament Scholar Luke Timothy Johnson has noted that "Luke's account is selected and shaped to suit his apologetic interests, not in defiance of but in conformity to ancient standards of historiography."[36] Such a position is shared Richard Heard who sees historical deficiencies as arising from "special objects in writing and to the limitations of his sources of information."[37]
During modern times, Luke's competence as a historian is questioned, depending upon one's a priori view of the supernatural.[31] Since post-Enlightenment historians work with methodological naturalism,[38][32][33][34][c][d] such historians would see a narrative that relates supernatural, fantastic things like angels, demons etc., as problematic as a historical source. Mark Powell claims that "it is doubtful whether the writing of history was ever Luke's intent. Luke wrote to proclaim, to persuade, and to interpret; he did not write to preserve records for posterity. An awareness of this, has been, for many, the final nail in Luke the historian's coffin."[31]
Robert M. Grant has noted that although Luke saw himself within the historical tradition, his work contains a number of statistical improbabilities, such as the sizable crowd addressed by Peter in Acts 4:4. He has also noted chronological difficulties whereby Luke "has Gamaliel refer to Theudas and Judas in the wrong order, and Theudas actually rebelled about a decade after Gamaliel spoke (5:36–7)".[27]
Brent Landau writes:
So how do we account for a Gospel that is believable about minor events but implausible about a major one? One possible explanation is that Luke believed that Jesus’ birth was of such importance for the entire world that he dramatically juxtaposed this event against an (imagined) act of worldwide domination by a Roman emperor who was himself called “savior” and “son of God”—but who was nothing of the sort. For an ancient historian following in the footsteps of Thucydides, such a procedure would have been perfectly acceptable.[39]
As an artist
Luke the Evangelist painting the first icon of the Virgin Mary
Christian tradition, starting from the 8th century, states that Luke was the first icon painter. He is said to have painted pictures of the Virgin Mary and Child, in particular the Hodegetria image in Constantinople (now lost). Starting from the 11th century, a number of painted images were venerated as his autograph works, including the Black Madonna of Częstochowa and Our Lady of Vladimir. He was also said to have painted Saints Peter and Paul, and to have illustrated a gospel book with a full cycle of miniatures.[40][e]
Late medieval Guilds of Saint Luke in the cities of Late Medieval Europe, especially Flanders, or the "Accademia di San Luca" (Academy of Saint Luke) in Rome—imitated in many other European cities during the 16th century—gathered together and protected painters. The tradition that Luke painted icons of Mary and Jesus has been common, particularly in Eastern Orthodoxy. The tradition also has support from the Saint Thomas Christians of India who claim to still have one of the Theotokos icons that Saint Luke painted and which Saint Thomas brought to India.[f]
Symbol
Luke and the Madonna, Altar of the Guild of Saint Luke, Hermen Rode, Lübeck (1484)
In traditional depictions, such as paintings, evangelist portraits, and church mosaics, Saint Luke is often accompanied by an ox or bull, usually having wings. Sometimes only the symbol is shown, especially when in a combination of those of all Four Evangelists.[41][42]
Relics
Despot George of Serbia purportedly bought the relics from the Ottoman sultan Murad II for 30,000 gold coins. After the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia, the kingdom's last queen, George's granddaughter Mary, who had brought the relics with her from Serbia as her dowry, sold them to the Venetian Republic.[43]
In 1992, the then Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Ieronymos of Thebes and Levathia (who subsequently became Archbishop Ieronymos II of Athens and All Greece) requested from Bishop Antonio Mattiazzo of Padua the return of "a significant fragment of the relics of St. Luke to be placed on the site where the holy tomb of the Evangelist is located and venerated today". This prompted a scientific investigation of the relics in Padua, and by numerous lines of empirical evidence (archeological analyses of the Tomb in Thebes and the Reliquary of Padua, anatomical analyses of the remains, carbon-14 dating, comparison with the purported skull of the Evangelist located in Prague) confirmed that these were the remains of an individual of Syrian descent who died between AD 72 and AD 416.[44][45] The Bishop of Padua then delivered to Metropolitan Ieronymos the rib of Saint Luke that was closest to his heart to be kept at his tomb in Thebes.[46][47]
Thus, the relics of Saint Luke are divided as follows:
The body, in the Abbey of Santa Giustina in Padua;
The head, in the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague;
A rib, at his tomb in Thebes.
Saint Isaac Jogues
Additional Memorials
• 19 October as one of the Martyrs of North America
• 16 March (Jesuits)
Profile
Joined the Jesuits at Rouen, France in 1624. Priest. Taught literature. Missionary to New France (Canada) in 1636, starting in Quebec and working among the Hurons and Petuns in the area of the Great Lakes. This was a rough assignment - not only were the living conditions hard, but the locals blamed the "Blackrobes" for any disease, ill luck, or other problems that occurred where they were. Captured on 3 August 1642 by the Mohawks, enslaved, tortured and mutilated for thirteen months, he taught the Faith to any who would listen. With the help of local Dutch settlers he finally escaped and was sent back to France to recover. In 1644 he returned to Canada to continue his work with the natives and negotiate peace with the Iroquois. Martyred with fellow Jesuit priest Saint John de Brebeuf and several lay missionaries when the natives blamed Christian sorcery for an epidemic and crop failure.
Born
10 January 1607 at Orleans, France
Died
• tomahawked in the head by an Iroquois chief on 18 October 1646 at Ossernenon in what would become upstate New York, USA
• his head was displayed on a pole and his body thrown in to the Mohawk River
Canonized
29 June 1930 by Pope Pius XI
Patronage
• Americas
• Canada
Saint Peter of Alcantara
✠அல்கான்டரா நகர் புனிதர் பீட்டர் ✠
(St. Peter of Alcantara)
துறவி/ ஆத்ம பலம் கொண்டவர்:
(Friar, Mystic)
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1499
அல்கான்டரா, ஸ்பெயின்
(Alcántara, Spain)
இறந்து: அக்டோபர் 18, 1562 (வயது 62-63)
அரினாஸ் டி சான் பெட்ரோ, ஸ்பெயின்
(Arenas de San Pedro, Spain)
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(Roman Catholic Church)
முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 18, 1622
திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் கிரகோரி
(Pope Gregory XV)
புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 28, 1669
திருத்தந்தை ஒன்பதாம் கிளெமெண்ட்
(Pope Clement IX)
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: அக்டோபர் 18
பாதுகாவல்:
பிரேசில் (Brazil), நற்கருணை ஆராதனை (Eucharistic Adoration), எக்ஸ்ட்ரீமுதுரா (Extremadura), பாகில் (Pakil), லாகுனா (Laguna) மற்றும் இரவு காவலர்கள் (Night Watchmen)
அல்கான்டரா நகர் புனிதர் பீட்டர், ஒரு ஸ்பேனிஷ் ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் துறவி (Spanish Franciscan Friar) ஆவார்.
புனிதர் பீட்டர், ஸ்பெயின் (Spain) நாட்டின், அல்கான்டரா (Alcántara) நகரில் பிறந்தவர் ஆவார். இவரது தந்தையார், அல்கான்டரா (Alcántara) நகரின் ஆளுநர் (Governor of Alcántara) பதவி வகித்த “பீட்டர் கராவிட்டா” (Peter Garavita) ஆவார். இவரது தாயார், “சனபியாவின்” (Noble Family of Sanabia) உன்னத குடும்பத்தைச் சார்ந்தவர் ஆவார். தமது பதினாறு வயதில் “சலமான்கா பல்கலை கழகத்திற்கு” (University in Salamanca) கல்வி கற்க அனுப்பப்பட்ட பீட்டர், சிறிது காலத்திலேயே ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் (Franciscans) சபையில் சேர முடிவு செய்தார்.
கி.பி. 1515ம் ஆண்டு, வீடு திரும்பிய பீட்டர், “எக்ஸ்ட்ரீமடுரா” (Extremadura) நகரிலுள்ள ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையின் கண்டிப்பான கவனிப்புகளுள்ள (Stricter Observance) மடத்தின் ஒரு துறவியாக வீடு திரும்பினார். இருபத்தி இரண்டு வயதில் அவர் “படஜோஸ்” (Badajoz) நகரில், ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையின் மற்றுமொரு கண்டிப்புள்ள (Stricter Observance) ஒரு புதிய சமூகம் நிறுவ அனுப்பப்பட்டார். 1524ம் ஆண்டு, குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு செய்விக்கப்பட்ட அவர், அடுத்த வருடம் ரோப்ரேடில்லோ (Robredillo), பழைய கஸ்டிலில் (Old Castile) உள்ள புனித மரியாளின் ஏஞ்சல்ஸின் துறவு மடத்தின் பாதுகாவலராக நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். சில வருடங்கள் கழித்து அவர் பல வெற்றிகளுடன் பிரசங்கிக்க ஆரம்பித்தார்.
ஏழைகளுக்கு பிரசங்கிப்பதற்கு அவர் விரும்பினார். அவருடைய பிரசங்கங்கள், பெரும்பாலும் தீர்க்கதரிசிகளிடமிருந்தும், அறிவுப் பண்புடைய புத்தகங்களிலிருந்தும் எடுத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்டனவாகும்.
கி.பி. 1538ம் ஆண்டு, "எட்ஸ்ட்ரீமடுரா" (Estremadura) நகரின் "சேன் கேபிரியல்" (St Gabriel) நகரிலுள்ள ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் மாகான தலைவராக பணியமர்த்தப்பட்டார். ஆனால், துறவியரிடையே கண்டிப்பான சட்டதிட்டங்களை அமல்படுத்தும் அவரது முயற்சிகளுக்கு எதிர்ப்பு கிளம்பியபோது, அவர் தலைமை பதவியிலிருந்து விலகினார். அவர் அவிலா நகர் யோவானுடன் (John of Avila) போர்ச்சுகலின் அர்ராபிடா (Mountains of Arrábida) மலைகளில் ஓய்வுபெற சென்றார். விரைவிலேயே அநேகம் பிற துறவியரும் அவருடன் இணைந்துகொள்ள வந்தனர். சிறு சிறு சமூகங்கள் உருவாக்கப்பட்டன. “பர்ரேய்ரோ” (Barreiro) நகரிலுள்ள “பல்ஹாயிஸ்” (friary of Palhais) துறவு மடத்தின் பாதுகாவலராகவும், புகுமுக துறவியரின் தலைவராகவும் தேர்வானார். கி.பி. 1560ம் ஆண்டு, இந்த சமூகங்கள் “அர்ராபிடா” (Province of Arrábida) மாகாணத்தில் நிறுவப்பட்டன.
கி.பி. 1553ம் ஆண்டு, ஸ்பெயின் திரும்பிய அவர், மேலும் இரண்டு வருடங்களை தனிமையில் செலவிட்டார். பின்னர், ரோம் நகருக்கு வெறும்காலுடன் பயணித்த அவர், ஸ்பெயின் நாட்டில், மரபுசாராரின் தலைமையின் அதிகார வரம்பின் கீழே, ஏழை எளிய துறவியருக்கான மடங்களை நிறுவுவதற்கான திருத்தந்தை மூன்றாம் ஜூலியசின் (Pope Julius III) அனுமதி பெற்று வந்தார். “பெட்ரோசா” (Pedrosa), “பிளாசென்சியா” (Plasencia) மற்றும் அநேக இடங்களில் துறவு மடங்கள் நிறுவப்பட்டன.
ஏழைகளுக்கு நற்செய்தியைப் பிரசங்கிப்பதற்காக ஸ்பெயின் நாடு முழுதும் பயணித்த பீட்டர், மிகவும் கடின நோன்புகளையும் எளிமையையும் கடைபிடித்தார். புனிதர் தெரேசா (St. Teresa), புனிதர் பிரான்சிஸ் டி சலேஸ் (St. Francis de Sales) மற்றும் டொமினிக்கன் துறவியான “வணக்கத்துக்குரிய கிரணடாவின் லூயிஸ்” (The Venerable Louis of Granada) ஆகியோரால் ஒரு தலைசிறந்த படைப்பாகக் கருதப்பட்ட பிரார்த்தனை மற்றும் தியானத்தின் மீதான ஒரு புத்தகத்தை அவர் எழுதினார்.
செபத்தின்போதும், ஆழ்ந்த சிந்தனைகளின்போதும், அவர் முகத்தில் எப்போதும் ஒரு மகிழ்ச்சி கரைபுரள்வதை காணமுடிந்தது. மரணப்படுக்கையில் இருந்த அவருக்கு குடிக்க தண்ணீர் கொடுக்கப்பட்டபோது, “சிலுவையில் தொங்கிய என் இயேசு கிறிஸ்து தாகமாயிருந்தார்...” என்று கூறியவாறு அதனை மறுத்தார். 1562ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 18ம் தேதி, "அர்நேஸ்" (Arenas) நகரிலுள்ள மடாலயத்தில் முழங்கால்படியிட்டு செபித்துக்கொண்டிருந்த பீட்டர் மரித்துப்போனார். (இது, தற்போதைய "ஓல்ட் கேஸ்டில்" (Old Castile), "அவிலா மாகாணத்திலுள்ள" (Province of Ávila) "அரினாஸ் டி சான் பெட்ரோ" (Arenas de San Pedro) எனும் இடமாகும்.)
எப்போதும் சிறிது நேரமே உறங்கும் வழக்கமுள்ள பீட்டர், உட்கார்ந்தவாறே உறங்குவார் என்று கூறப்படுகிறது. அவரது சகோதர துறவியர் தூங்கிக்கொண்டிருந்த நேரத்தில் அவர் விழித்துக்கொண்டிருந்த காரணத்தால், அவர் இரவு காவலாளர்களின் பாதுகாவலர் ஆவார்.
Profile
Son of Peter Garavita, governor of the palace; his mother was a member of the noble family of Sanabia. Peter studied grammar and philosophy at Alcantara, and both civil and canon law at Salamanca University. Franciscan at age 16 at Manjarez. Founded the friary at Babajoz at age 20, and served as its superior. Ordained in 1524 at age 25. Noted preacher. A recluse by nature, he lived at the convent of Saint Onophrius, a remote location where he could study and pray between missions. Franciscan provincial for Saint Gabriel in Estremadura, Spain in 1538. Worked in Lisbon, Portugal in 1541 to help reform the Order. In 1555 he started the Alcantarine reforms, now known as the Strictest Obeservance. Commissioner of his Order in Spain in 1556. Provincial of his reformed Order in 1561. Friend and confessor of Saint Teresa of Avila, and assisted her in 1559 during her work to reform her own Order. Mystic and writer whose works were used by Saint Francis de Sales.
Born
1499 at Alcantara, Estremadura, Spain
Died
18 October 1562 at Estremadura, Spain of natural causes
Canonized
28 April 1669 by Pope Clement IX
Patronage
• Brazil (named by Pope Blessed Pius IX in 1862)
• Estremadura Spain (named in 1962)
• night watchmen
• watchmen
Blessed Burchard I of Halberstadt
Also known as
Burchard of Nabburg
Profile
Son of Henry of Schweinfurt, Margrave of Nordgau in Bavaria, Germany, and Gerberga von Henneberg, a daughter of Count Otto II. Studied at the convent school of Saint Emmeram in Regensburg, Germany. Secular politician. Chancellor to emperor Conrad II in 1032. Even working in the imperial court he was noted for his personal piety and his good example of a Christian in the world. Bishop of Halberstadt, Germany in 1036. Improved housing for clerics, built chapels, churches and monasteries. Accompanied Conrad II on his Italian campaign in 1038 to 1039. Worked with and supported emperor Henry III. Worked to defuse political tensions within the Church hierarchy.
Born
18 October 1000 in Nabburg, Germany
Died
• 18 October 1059 in Halberstadt, Germany
• buried in the cathedral of Halberstadt
• re-interred at the church at the Burchardi monastery in 1060 following a fire at the cathedral
• relics moved to the Franciscan church of Saint Andrew when the monastery was abolished in 1810
• some relics moved to the parish church of Nabburg, Germany in 1984
Beatified
1253 by Pope Innocent IV
Saint Justus of Beauvais
Also known as
• Justus of Louvre
• Justus of Parisis
• Justin of...
Profile
During a trip with his father to Amiens, France to ransom or rescue an imprisoned relative during the persecutions of Diocletian, the nine-year-old Justus was denounced to pagan authorities as a Christian magician. Questioned about his faith at Beauvais, France, the boy confessed that he was a Christian; he was immediately executed. Legend says that the body then picked up the severed head and stood upright before the terrified soldiers; later retellings depict the headless boy preaching and converting the pagans.
Born
278 at Auxerre, France
Died
• beheaded in 285 at Beauvais, France
• majority of relics in the cathedral in Paris, but others in Zutphen, Netherlands and smaller locations in France, Belgium and England
Blessed Theobald of Narbonne
Profile
Mercedarian friar. Worked with Saint Ferdinand of Portalegre. In 1253 the two sailed from Barcelona, Spain to Tunis in North Africa to ransom Christians imprisoned and enslaved for their faith by Muslims. By 16 October 1253 they had free 129 but were double-crossed by some of the slave traders and turned over to Muslim royal authorities. Ferdinand was eventually released and ordered to leave the country with his ransomed slaves, but Theobald was tortured and executed. Martyr.
Born
French
Died
thrown into a fire, and when he did not die quickly enough, he was stoned to death in 1253 in modern Tunisia
Saint Amabilis of Auvergne
Also known as
• Amabilis of Riom
• Amabilis the Cantor
Profile
Cantor in the church of Saint Mary at Clermont, France. Precentor of the cathedral of Clermont. Parish priest in Riom, France.
Died
475 of natural causes
Patronage
• against demonic possession
• against fire
• against mental illness
• against poison
• against snake bite
• against wild beasts
• Auvergne, France
• Riom, France
Saint Proculus of Pozzuoli
Also known as
Procolo
Additional Memorials
• 16 November (in Pozzuoli, Italy)
• 21 April (Eastern Orthodox)
• 19 September (Eastern Orthodox)
Profile
Deacon of the church of Pozzuoli, Italy. Imprisoned and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian for objecting to the deaths of other martyrs.
Died
beheaded on 19 September 305 near the Solfatara volcano, Pozzuoli, Italy
Patronage
Pozzuoli, Italy
Saint Eutychius of Pozzuoli
Also known as
Eutyches, Eutichio, Eutiche
Profile
Christian layman imprisoned and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian for objecting to the deaths of other martyrs.
Died
beheaded on 19 September 305 near the Solfatara volcano, Pozzuoli, Italy
Blessed Domenico of Perpignano
Profile
Mercedarian friar the Holy Savior convent on Mallorca, Spain. Freed 153 Christians enslaved and imprisoned by Muslims for their faith in Tunisia.
Blessed Alfredo Almunia López-Teruel
Profile
Priest in the diocese of Almeria Spain. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.
Born
21 May 1859 in Mojácar, Almeria Spain
Died
18 October 1936 in La Ballabona, Antas, Almeria Spain
Saint Acutius of Pozzuoli
Also known as
Acuzio
Profile
Christian layman imprisoned and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian for objecting to the deaths of other martyrs.
Died
beheaded on 19 September 305 near the Solfatara volcano, Pozzuoli, Italy
Saint Monon of Nassogne
Also known as
Mono, Muno, Monone
Profile
Hermit in the Ardennes region of France. Murdered by a pack of local thugs who were offended by his personal holiness.
Born
Scotland
Died
stoned to death c.645 in Nassogne, Belgium
Saint Gwen of Tagarth
Also known as
Blanche, Candida, Genuissa, Wenn, Wenna
Profile
Daughter of Saint Brychan of Brycheiniog. Married lay woman. Widow. Evangelized northern Wales. Martyr.
Born
463
Died
c.492 by pagan Saxons at Talgarth, Wales
Saint Cadwaladr of Brittany
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Cadoc of Llancarvan. Helped found the monastery on the island of Morbihan (modern Ile de Saint-Cado) in Armorica, Brittany, France and served as its abbot.
Saint Tryphonia of Rome
Also known as
Tryfonia
Profile
Mother of Saint Cyrilla of Rome. Third-century widow and martyr.
Died
• Rome, Italy
• relics enshrined by Pope Paul I
Saint Asclepiades of Antioch
Profile
Bishop of Antioch in 211. Sometimes listed as a martyr due to the trials he underwent as bishop.
Died
217 of natural causes
Blessed Margherita Tornielli
Profile
Poor Clare nun.
Born
Novara, Italy
Died
1491 in Novara, Italy of natural causes
Saint Julian the Hermit
Profile
Fourth-century hermit with a cell near Edessa, Mesopotamia. Hermit on Mount Sinai.
Saint Gwen
Profile
Sister of Saint Nonna. Aunt of Saint David of Wales. Mother of Saint Cyby and Saint Cadfan. Widow.
Saint Brothen
Profile
Sixth century. No information has survived.
Patronage
Llanbrothen, Wales
Saint Gwendoline
Also known as
Gwedolen, Gwynnin
Profile
No information has survived.
Martyrs of Africa
Profile
A group of Christians martryed together in Africa. The only details that have survived are the names - Beresus, Dasius, Faustinus, Leucius, Lucius, Martialis, Victoricus, Victrix and Viktor.
Died
c.300 in Africa
