St. Walericus
Feastday: April 1
Death: 622
Benedictine abbot, also called Valery. He served under St. Columbanus at the famed monastery of Luxeuil, in France, and was the founder of the monastic community of Leuconay, on the Somme River.
Life
Walaric was born in the Auvergne to a peasant family. Taught to read at a young age, he abandoned the occupation of tending sheep to join the abbey of Autumo. He later moved on to the abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre and finally the abbey of Luxeuil under the famous abbot Columbanus. At Luxeuil he was renowned for his horticultural skills. His ability to protect his vegetables from insects was regarded as miraculous.[1]
When Theuderic II, king of Burgundy (r. 595–613), expelled Columbanus from his domains, Walaric and a fellow monk named Waldolanus left the kingdom to preach the gospel in Neustria and, according to tradition, the Pas-de-Calais. He eventually settled down as a hermit at a place called Leuconay near the mouth of the Somme River. A community of disciples grew up around him. After his death, his successor Blitmund (Blimont) built a monastery for the community, which came to bear Walaric's name. The village that developed around the monastery still does: Saint-Valery-sur-Somme.[1]
Memory
Walaric's abbey in the 17th century
A biography (saint's life) of Walaric was composed in the 11th century. It was wrongly attributed to a certain Raginbertus.[1]
The so-called "Valerian prophecy" was a legend originating in Walaric's abbey and the abbey of Saint-Riquier intended to refute the claims of the early 11th-century Historia Francorum Senonensis that the Capetian dynasty were illegitimate usurpers. According to the legend, Walaric appeared in a vision to Hugh Capet (r. 987–996), the first Capetian, and thanked him for rescuing his body from the Carolingians. He prophesied that the kingdom of France would belong to Hugh's heirs "until the seventh generation". Interpreted figuratively, the number seven signified perfection and thus eternity; interpreted literally, it meant that the Philip Augustus (r. 1180–1223) would be the last Capetian.[2]
Cures were claimed from an early date at Walaric's tomb. Duke William II of Normandy had Walaric's relics put on public display and invoked his name in a prayer for a favourable wind for his invasion of England. The invasion fleet sailed from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme in 1066.[1]
Walaric's cult thus spread to England, where a chapel in Alnmouth was dedicated to him in the 12th century. His feast day was celebrated on 1 April in Chester Abbey and Croyland Abbey. King Richard I of England (r. 1189–1199) transferred his relics from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme to Saint-Valery-en-Caux. His translation (transfer of relics) was celebrated in Chester and Croyland on 12 December. His abbey in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, however, later recovered his relics.[1]
The English village of Hinton Waldrist is named after its 12th-century lord, Thomas de Saint-Valery
St. Cellach
Born 1080
Ireland
Died 1129
Munster, Ireland
Venerated in Roman Catholicism
Feast 1 April
Cellach of Armagh or Celsus or Celestinus (1080–1129) was Archbishop of Armagh and an important contributor to the reform of the Irish church in the twelfth century. He is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Cellach. Though a member of the laicised ecclesiastical dynasty of Clann Sínaig, he took holy vows and gained priestly ordination. This put an end to the anomalous state of affairs, in effect since 966, whereby the supreme head of the Irish Church had been a layman.[1] Following the Synod of Ráith Bressail, in which a diocesan structure for Ireland was established, he became the first metropolitan primate of all Ireland.
Early life and background
Cellach was the son of Áed mac Máele Ísu meic Amalgada of the Clann Sínnaig. Áed had been abbot of Armagh and Coarb Pátraic ("heir" or "successor" of Saint Patrick; head of the church of Armagh) from 1074 to 1091. The Clann Sínaig, of the Uí Echdach sept of the Airthir in Airgialla, had monopolised the office of abbot of Armagh since 966. In later historiography Clann Sínaig has been associated with the type of secularisation that made a church reform necessary, described by Marie Térèse Flanagan as an "hereditarily entrenched laicized ecclesiastical dynasty" and even less flatteringly denounced by Bernard of Clairvaux as that "generatio mala et adultera
Saint Ludovico Pavoni
Also known as
Ludovic Pavoni
Profile
Trained in theology by the Dominican Father Carlo Ferrari, future bishop of Brescia, Italy. Ordained in 1807. Founded an Oratory for Christian education of poor boys in Brescia. Secretary to bishop Gabrio Nava in 1812.
Rector of Saint Barnabas church in 1818 where soon after he founded an orphanage and associated trade school, basing his work on the idea that improving social conditions will improve the spiritual life, and improving the spiritual life will improve social conditions. In 1821 the school became the Institute of Saint Barnabas. Along with carpentry, silversmithing, blacksmithing, shoemaking, agriculture, and tool and dye makers, the school stressed the trades of printing and publishing. In 1823 Ludivico established The Publishing House of the Institute of Saint Barnabas; it exists today under the name Ancora. That same year, the school began taking in deaf and mute students.
In 1825 he founded a religious congregation of priests and brothers to run the school; it became the Sons of Mary Immaculate (Pavoniani or Pavonians). Pope Gregory XVI authorized it for Brescia in 1843, and on 8 December 1847, Ludovico and the first members made their religious profession. Today there are 210 members in Brazil, Colombia, Eritrea, Germany, Italy and Spain, and they still publish books.
On 24 March 1849, Brescia was in rebellion against the Austrians. Both sides were ready to pillage the city and Father Ludovico led his boys to safety at Saiano, seven miles away. He died a week later as Brescia was in flames, but his boys were safe.
Born
11 September 1784 at Brescia, Italy
Died
Palm Sunday, 1 April 1849 at Saianco, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
• 14 April 2002 by Pope John Paul II
• the beatification miracle involved the 1909 cure of Maria Stevani from typhoid fever
Canonized
16 October 2016 by Pope Francis
Patronage
Sons of Mary Immaculate
Saint Mary of Egypt
எகிப்து_நாட்டுப்_புனித_மரியா (344-421)
ஏப்ரல் 01
இவர்(#StMaryOfEgypt) எகிப்திலிருந்த ஒரு செல்வ செழிப்பான குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தவர்.
இவருக்கு பன்னிரண்டு வயது நடக்கும்போது குடும்பத்திலிருந்து தப்பியோடி, அலெக்சாந்தரியாவுக்குச் சென்றார். அங்கு இவர் ஏறக்குறைய பதினேழு ஆண்டுகள் மிகவும் தாறுமாறாக வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். அதன்பிறகு இவர் எருசலேமுக்குச் சென்று அங்கும் தாறுமாறாக வாழ முடிவு செய்தார்.
இந்த எண்ணத்தோடு இவர் எருசலேமிலுள்ள கல்லறை கோயிலுக்குள் நுழைய முற்பட்ட போது, இவரால் அதில் நுழைய முடியவில்லை. அப்பொழுது இவர் 'என்னுடைய தவறான வாழ்க்கையால்தான் என்னால் இக்கோயிலுக்குள் நுழைய முடியவில்லை' என நினைத்து மிகவும் வருந்தி அழுதார்.
இதன் பிறகு இவர் கோயிலுக்குள் நுழைந்த பொழுது, இவரால் மிக எளிதாக நுழைய முடிந்தது. அந்நேரத்தில் புனித கன்னி மரியா இவருக்கு தோன்றி, "நீ யோர்தான் ஆற்றை கடந்து, அங்குள்ள பாலைநிலத்தில் தவ வாழ்க்கை வாழ்" என்று சொல்ல, இவரும் அவ்வாறே வாழ்ந்தார்.
ஏறக்குறைய 50 ஆண்டுகள் தவ வாழ்க்கை வாழ்ந்த பிறகு ஜோசிமுஸ் என்பவர் இவரைச் சந்தித்தார். அவரிடம் இவர், "அடுத்த ஆண்டு இதே நாளில் நான் இறந்து விடுவேன்; நீங்கள் வந்து என்னை நல்லடக்கம் செய்துவிடுங்கள்" என்று சொல்ல, அவரும் சரி என்று சொல்லிவிட்டு இவரிடமிருந்து விடைபெற்றார்.
அடுத்த ஆண்டு இவர் சொன்ன நாளில் இறந்திருந்தார். ஜோசிமுஸ் இவர் இருந்த இடத்திற்கு வந்து இவரை நல்லடக்கம் செய்தார்.
Also known as
Maria Aegyptica
Profile
Beautiful, spoiled, cynical, disenchanted, rich child who was the center of her family's pride, and who repaid them by running away at age 12. She ran to Alexandria, Egypt where she worked as a dancer, singer, and prostitute for 17 years. Around age 30, Mary took ship on a pilgrimage to Palestine, hoping to ply her trade among the pilgrims, and then in Jerusalem.
On the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross she moved with the crowds to the church, looking for customers. At the church door she found herself invisibliy repelled, unable to open the door; she was overcome with remorse for her life and exclusion from the Church. She repented, and asked for Our Lady‘s guidance; a voice told that to find rest, she should cross the Jordan River. The next day Mary crossed the river, wandered into the desert, and took up the life of a hermit for nearly 50 years as penance.
She lived on herbs, berries, and whatever came to hand. She met Saint Zosimus of Palestine. She once told him to come back exactly one year from that day; when he did, he found she had died. With the help of a lion, Zosimus dug her grave; he later wrote a biography of her, and her life was a popular story in the Middle Ages.
Born
c.344 in Egypt
Died
• c.421 in the desert near the River Jordan of natural causes
• relics at Rome, Naples, and Cremona in Italy, and in Antwerp, Belgium
Patronage
• against sexual temptation
• penitent women
• reformed prostitutes
Representation
• woman being chased from a church by an angel with a sword
• woman holding three loaves of bread
• woman kneeling before a skull
• woman receiving Holy Communion from Saint Zosimus of Palestine
• woman sitting at a table with a skull and bread
• woman sitting under a palm tree and looking across the Jordan River
• woman washing her hair in the Jordan River
• woman with Saint Mary Magdalen
• woman with the lion who dug her grave
• naked woman clothed with long hair
Saint Melito of Sardis
Also known as
• Melito of Asia
• Meliton, Melitone, Melitus
Profile
Bishop of Sardis, Lydia (part of modern Turkey). Ecclesiastical writer; he wrote an Apology (defense of Christianity) addressed to emperor Marcus Aurelius. Almost nothing else is known about his life.
Died
• c.180 of natural causes
• interred at Sardis, Lydia (part of modern Turkey)
Works
• Eclogues
• On His prophecy
• On baptism
• On faith
• On hospitality
• On the Apocalypse of John
• On the Corporeality of God
• On the Lord's day
• On the church
• On the devil
• On the generation of Christ
• On the lives of the prophets
• On the passover
• On the psalms
• On the senses
• On the soul and body
• On truth
• The Key
Saint Hugh of Grenoble
கிரனோபிள் புனிதர் ஹக்
கிரனோபிள் ஆயர்:
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1053
சடீயுநியுஃப்-சுர்-இசெர், ஃபிரான்ஸ்
இறப்பு: ஏப்ரல் 1, 1132
கிரனோபிள் (Grenoble)
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 22, 1134
திருத்தந்தை 2ம் இன்னொசென்ட்
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஏப்ரல் 1
பாதுகாவல்:
க்ரெனோபிள் (Grenoble), ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France),
தலை வலியிலிருந்து (Against Headache)
புனிதர் ஹக், கி.பி. 1080ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து, கி.பி. 1132ம் ஆண்டு, தமது மரணம் வரை, சுமார் ஐம்பத்திரண்டு வருடங்கள் கிரனோபிள் (Grenoble) மறை மாவட்டத்தின் ஆயராக பணியாற்றியவர் ஆவார். அவர், கிரிகோரியன் சீர்திருத்தத்திற்கு ஆதரவாகவும், அதேவேளை "வியென்னாவின் பேராயராகவும்" (Archbishop of Vienne) பின்னாளில் "திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் கல்லிக்ஸ்துஸ்" (Pope Callixtus II) அவர்களாகவும் இருந்த "கய்" (Guy of Burgundy) என்பவரை எதிர்த்தார்.
கி.பி. 1053ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டின் "சடீயுநியுஃப்-சுர்-இசெர்" (Châteauneuf-sur-Isère) என்ற ஊரில் ஹக் பிறந்தார். ஆழ்ந்த இறைப்பற்று கொண்ட இவர் பெற்றோர், தன் மகனை ஞானத்திலும், அறிவிலும், பக்தியிலும், வளர்த்தார்கள். சிறுவயதிலிருந்தே இறைவனை நாடி செபிப்பதில் இவர் கண்ணும் கருத்துமாய் இருந்தார். இவரது இறைப்பற்றும், ஆன்மீக தாகமும் இவருடன் படித்த மற்ற மாணவர்களுக்கும் ஊரில் உடன் வாழ்ந்த சிறுவர்களுக்கும் எடுத்துக்காட்டாய் இருந்தது. தன்னை துன்புறுத்தியவர்களை மன்னித்து அன்பு செய்வதிலும், மகிழ்ச்சிப்படுத்துவதிலும் சிறந்தவராக இருந்தார்.
தனது பள்ளி படிப்பை முடித்த பிறகு, ஆலய பணிகளில் ஈடுபட்டு புதிய பாடல்களை உருவாக்கி, திருப்பலியில் பக்தியோடு பாடி தனது வாழ்வை ஆலயத்திலேயே செலவழித்தார். அன்றாட கல்வாரி பலியில் பங்கெடுத்தார்.
கி.பி. 1080ம் ஆண்டு நடந்த "அவிக்னான் ஆட்சிமன்ற கூட்டத்தில்" (Council of Avignon) ஹக் க்ரெனோபிள் ஆயராக (Bishop of Grenoble) தேர்வு செய்யப்பட்டபோது, அவர் குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றிருக்கவில்லை. ரோம் நகரில் நடந்த அருட்தந்தை தொடர்புடைய ஒரு கூட்டத்தில், திருத்தந்தை ஏழாம் கிரகோரி (Pope Gregory VII) அவருக்கு குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு செய்வித்தார்.
ஆயராக திருநிலைப்படுத்தப்பட்ட இவர், ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டிலுள்ள க்ரெனோபிள் மறைமாநிலத்தில் பணியாற்றினார். ஆயர் பொறுப்பை ஏற்ற 2 ஆண்டுகளில் ஏராளமான பிரச்சினைகளை சந்தித்தார். க்ரெனோபிள் மறைமாநிலத்தின் சீர்திருத்தப் பணிகளில் ஈடுபட்டு அதில் வெற்றியும் கண்டார்.
ஆயர் பொறுப்பிலிருந்து விலக முயற்சித்த அவர், "க்ளுனி" (Cluny) என்ற இடத்திலுள்ள "பெனடிக்டைன்" துறவு மடத்தில் (Benedictine monastery) இணைந்தார். துறவற மடத்தில் தங்கி, பல மணிநேரம் இறைவனோடு ஒன்றிணைந்திருந்தார். ஆனால், திருத்தந்தையின் உத்தரவுப்படி மீண்டும் இவர் ஃபிரான்ஸிலுள்ள க்ரெனோபிள் மறைமாநிலத்திற்கு சென்று தமது ஆயர் பணிகளைத் தொடங்கினார்.
"கார்தூசியன்" (Carthusian Order) சபையைத் தோற்றுவிப்பதில் இவரும் ஒரு கருவியாக இருந்து பாடுபட்டிருக்கிறார்.
பிறகு கி.பி. 1132ம் ஆண்டு, ஆயர் ஹக் அவர்கள் மரித்தார். இவர் இறக்கும் நிமிடம்வரை "கார்தூசியன்" சபைக்காகவும், தனது க்ரெனோபிள் மறைமாநில மக்களுக்காகவும் கடுமையான ஒருத்தல்களைச் செய்து, இடைவிடாது செபித்தார்.
Also known as
Hugh of Châteauneuf
Additional Memorial
22 April (Carthusian Order)
Profile
Son of a soldier named Odilo, a man known for his Christian life, and who later became a Cistercian monk; his mother was known for her life of prayer and alms-giving. Uncle of Saint Hugh of Bonnevaux. Hugh was an exceptionally good student as a child. Canon in the cathedral of Valence, France at age 25. Bishop of Grenoble, France in 1080 at age 27, consecrated by Pope Gregory VII; he served there for 52 years. He went to Grenoble as a reformer, but after two years, convinced that he had not improved the lives or the holiness of his clergy, he resigned and retired to become a Benedictine monk at Chaise-Dieu in Auvergne, France; after a year of this, Pope Gregory ordered him back to Grenoble. This time his work and his example paid off - large crowds attended his preaching, his clergy brought new zeal to their ministry, the poor were cared for, and religious life had a new start in his diocese. He gave land to Saint Bruno for La Grande Chartruse abbey, and helped him found the Carthusians. Gave both his mother and his 100 year old father their Last Rites. A frequent sufferer of head pain and headaches, which led to his patronage of the problem.
Born
1053 at Chateauneuf, Dauphiné, France
Died
• 1 April 1132 in Grenoble, France of natural causes
• interred in Saint Mary's Cathedral, Grenoble
• relics burned by the Huguenots in the 15th century
Canonized
22 April 1134 by Pope Innocent II during the Council of Pisa
Patronage
• against headache
• Grenoble, France
Representation
• carrying a lantern
• one of a group of seven stars, representing the founders of the Carthusians
• with Saint Bruno
• with three flowers in his hand
Blessed Anacleto González Flores
அருளாளர் அனக்லெட்டோ கொன்சாலெஸ் ஃப்ளோரஸ்
மறைசாட்சி:
பிறப்பு: ஜூலை 13, 1888
டெபடிட்லன், ஜலிஸ்கோ, மெக்ஸிகோ
இறப்பு: ஏப்ரல் 1, 1927 (வயது 38)
குவாடலஜர, ஜலிஸ்கோ, மெக்ஸிகோ
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: நவம்பர் 20, 2005
திருத்தந்தை பதினாறாம் பெனடிக்ட்
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஏப்ரல் 1
அருளாளர் அனக்லெட்டோ கொன்சாலெஸ் ஃப்ளோரஸ் (Blessed Anacleto González Flores), ஒரு மெக்சிகன் கத்தோலிக்க பொதுநிலையினரும், வழக்குரைஞருமாவார். மெக்சிகோ நாட்டின் நாற்பதாவது (40th President of Mexico) ஜனாதிபதியான “புளுட்டரோ எலியஸ் கல்ஸ்” (Plutarco Elías Calles) என்பவரது ஆட்சிக் காலத்தில் நடந்த கிறிஸ்தவர்களின் துன்புறுத்தலில் சிக்கி படுகொலை செய்யப்பட்டார். இவர், திருத்தந்தை பதினாறாம் பெனடிக்ட் (Benedict XVI) அவர்களால் 2005ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், இருபதாம் நாளன்று, மறைசாட்சியாக முக்திபேறு பட்டமளிக்கப்பட்டார்.
“கொன்சாலெஸ் ஃப்ளோரஸ்” (González Flores) துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்ட காலத்தில், மெக்சிகோ நாட்டை கத்தோலிக்கம் மற்றும் அதன் குருக்களுக்கு விரோதமான ஜனாதிபதியான “புளுட்டரோ எலியஸ் கல்ஸ்” (Plutarco Elías Calles) என்பவரது கடுமையான ஆட்சி நடந்துகொண்டிருந்தது.
இளமை:
ஏழைத் தந்தையான “வலேன்டின் கொன்ஸாலெஸ் சேன்செஸ்” (Valentín González Sánchez) மற்றும் தாயார் “மரியா ஃபுளோர்ஸ் நவர்ரோ” (María Flores Navarro) ஆகியோருக்குப் பிறந்த பன்னிரெண்டு குழந்தைகளில் இரண்டாவதாகப் பிறந்த அனக்லெட்டோ, பிறந்த மறுநாளே திருமுழுக்கு அளிக்கப்பெற்றார். "மேஸ்ட்ரோ" எனும் புனைப்பெயரைப் பெற்று, சிறந்து விளங்கிய இவரது அறிவுத் திறமையை கண்டுணர்ந்த குடும்ப நண்பரான கத்தோலிக்க குரு ஒருவர், இவரை குருத்துவ கல்லூரிக்கு பரிந்துரைத்தார். இருப்பினும் தமக்கு குருத்துவ கல்லூரியிலிருந்து அழைப்பு வராததால் “குவாடலஜர” (Guadalajara) நகரிலுள்ள “எஸ்குவேலா லிப்ர் டி டேரேசோ” (Escuela Libre de Derecho) கல்லூரியில் சட்டம் பயின்றார். 1922ம் ஆண்டு, வழக்குரைஞர் ஆனார். பின்னர், “மரிய கன்செப்ஷன் குரேரோ” (María Concepción Guerrero) எனும் பெண்ணை திருமணம் செய்தார். இத்தம்பதியருக்கு இரண்டு குழந்தைகளும் பிறந்தன.
தொழிலும் மறைசாட்சியமும்:
தினமும் திருப்பலிகளில் கலந்துகொண்ட கொன்சாலெஸ், பல்வேறு சேவைப் பணிகளில் ஈடுபட்டார். சிறைச் சாலைகளுக்கு சென்று கைதிகளை சந்தித்து, அவர்களுக்கு மறை கல்வி கற்பித்தார். அவர் மெக்சிகன் இளைஞர் கத்தோலிக்க சங்கத்தின் ஒரு ஆர்வலராகவும் மற்றும் தலைவராகவும் ஆனார். “லா பலாப்ரா” (La Palabra) எனும் பத்திரிக்கையை தொடங்கினார். கத்தோலிக்கம் மற்றும் குருக்களுக்கு எதிரான 1917ம் ஆண்டின் அரசியலமைப்பு சட்டவிதியை (Constitution of 1917) அவரது பத்திரிகை தீவிரமாக எதிர்த்தது. கிறிஸ்தவ திருச்சபைத் துன்புறுத்தலை எதிர்த்து கத்தோலிக்கர்களை ஒருங்கிணைக்கும் ஒரு அமைப்பான “பிரபல ஐக்கியம்” (Popular Union (UP) எனும் அமைப்பின் தலைவராக பொறுப்பேற்றார்.
ஆரம்பத்தில், இந்திய தேசிய தந்தை என்றழைக்கப்படும் காந்தியின் (Gandhi) வழிமுறைகளை ஆய்வு செய்த அவர், அரசாங்கத்திற்கு எதிரான செயலற்ற எதிர்ப்பை ஆதரித்தார். ஆயினும், 1926ம் ஆண்டு, மெக்சிகன் இளைஞர் கத்தோலிக்க சங்கத்தின் நான்கு உறுப்பினர்களைக் கொலை செய்ததைப் பற்றி அவர் அறிந்து கொண்டார். அவர் எழுந்த கிளர்ச்சியை ஆதரித்து, “மத சுதந்திரத்திற்கான தேசிய லீக்கில்” (National League for the Defense of Religious Freedom) இணைந்தார். “கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைக்கு நாடு சிறை என்றும், நாம் எங்களுடைய பொருளாதார நலன்களைப் பாதுகாப்பதைப் பற்றி கவலைப்படுவதில்லை, ஏனெனில் இது வந்து போகும், ஆனால் நம் ஆவிக்குரிய நலன்களை, நாம் பாதுகாப்போம், ஏனென்றால் நம்முடைய இரட்சிப்பை பெற இவை அவசியம்” என இவர் எழுதினர்.
ஜனவரி 1927ல் மத துன்புறுத்தலை அடைந்த கிளர்ச்சியாளர்கள் “கிரிஸ்டரோ போர்” (Cristero War) தொடங்கினர். கொன்சாலஸ் ஆயுதம் எதுவும் ஏந்தவில்லை. ஆனால் சொற்பொழிவுகளாற்றினார். நிதியியல், விடுதி மற்றும் ஆடை ஆகியவற்றை நிதி ரீதியாகவும், நெருக்கடியிலும் ஆதரவளிப்பதற்கும் கத்தோலிக்கர்களை ஊக்குவித்தார். அவர் துண்டுப்பிரசுரங்களை எழுதினார், மற்றும் எதிர்த்தரப்பு அரசாங்கத்திற்கு எதிரான காரணிகளை ஆதரித்தார்.
கிளர்ச்சிகளை அடக்க முயற்சித்த அரசாங்கம், “மத சுதந்திரத்திற்கான தேசிய லீக்கில்” (National League for the Defense of Religious Freedom) தலைவர்கள் மற்றும் “பிரபல ஐக்கியம்” (Popular Union (UP) அமைப்பின் தலைவர்களை பிடிக்க முயன்றது. “எட்கர் வில்கென்ஸ்” (Edgar Wilkens) எனும் அமெரிக்கரை கொலை செய்த குற்றச்சாட்டுகளுடன் கொன்சாலெஸ் கைது செய்யப்பட்டார். உண்மையில், அவரைக் கொலை செய்தது, “குவாடலூப் ஸுனோ” (Guadalupe Zuno) எனும் கொள்ளைக்காரன்தான் என்பது அரசாங்கத்துக்கே தெரியும்.
கொன்ஸாலஸ், அவர்களால் துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டார். அவரது கை கட்டை விரல்களில் கட்டி தொங்கவிடப்பட்டார். இதன் காரணமாக, அவரது கை கட்டை விரல்கள் பிடுங்கப்பட்டன. அவரது தோள்பட்டை எலும்புகள், துப்பாக்கியின் பின்புறத்தால் அடித்து உடைக்கப்பட்டன. அவரது பாதங்களை வெட்டினர். 1927ம் ஆண்டு, ஏப்ரல் மாதம் முதல் தேதி, துப்பாக்கி படையினரால் சுட்டுக் கொல்லப்பட்டார். இறக்கும் தருவாயில் கொன்ஸாலஸ், “இரண்டாம் தடவையாக கேளுங்கள் அமெரிக்க நாடுகளே: நான் சாகிறேன் ஆனால் கடவுள் சாகவில்லை” (Hear Americas for the second time: I die but God does not!) என்றபடியே உயிர் விட்டார்.
கொன்ஸாலஸ் பொய்யாக குற்றம் சாட்டப்பட்டுள்ளார் என்பதை அறிந்திருந்த, கொலை செய்யப்பட்ட அமெரிக்கர் “எட்கர் வில்கென்ஸ்” (Edgar Wilkens) மனைவி, கொன்சாலசின் தண்டனையை எதிர்த்து, வாஷிங்டன் டி.சி.க்கு (Washington, D.C.) ஒரு கடிதத்தை எழுதினார். அவரது மரணதண்டனையை நிறுத்த உத்தரவிட்ட ஒரு கடிதம், அவர் சுட்டுக்கொல்லப்பட்ட சிறிது நேரம் கழித்து வந்தது.
Also known as
Anaclete Gonzales Flores
Profile
Second of twelve children born to Valentín González Sanitiz and Maria Flores Navaho. He entered seminary, was an excellent student, but realized that he did not have a call to the priesthood and dropped out. Lawyer in the archdiocese of Guadalajara, Mexico. Married to María Concepción Guerrero, they had two children. He attended Mass daily, visited prisoners, and taught catechism. Leader in the Catholic Association of Mexican Youth (AJCM). Founded the magazine La Palabra to speak out against the anti-Catholic actions of the government. Founded the Popular Union to organize peaceful opposition to the Calle government's anti-Catholic actions. When official oppression escalated to murder, Anacleto began writing and speaking out against the government, urging people to support and aid the rebels in what became known as the Cristero War. Looking for a way to crack down on the Catholic leadership, officials arrested Anacleto on a false charge of murdering an American, Edgar Wilkens. Gonzales was tortured, mutilated and finally executed. Martyr.
Born
13 July 1888 in Tepatitlán, Jalisco, Mexico
Died
shot by a firing squad on 1 April 1927 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Beatified
• 20 November 2005 by Pope Benedict XVI
• recognition celebrated by Cardinal José Saraiva Martins in a soccer stadium in Guadalajara, Mexico
Saint Celsus of Armagh
Also known as
• Cellach Mac Aodh
• Cellach Mc Aedh
• Cellach of Armagh
• Ceilach, Ceillach, Celestinus, Celsus, Keilach, Kelly
Profile
Son of Áed mac Máele Ísu meic Amalgada of the Clann Sínnaig. Benedictine monk. May have been a monk at Glastonbury. Teacher at Oxford, England. Last hereditary archbishop of Armagh, Ireland in 1106. Built a reputation as a reformer and able administrator. Travelled throughout Ireland, preaching reform and ensuring discipline. Helped preside at the Synod of Rath Bresail in 1111, which helped align the Irish church administration with the rest of Europe. Rebuilt the Armagh cathedral. Founded the monastery of Kells. Peacemaker between warring Irish kings and chieftains. Worked with, and ordained his friend Saint Malachy O'More. From his deathbed, he appointed Malachy as Archbishop of Armagh, ending the tradition of hereditary succession to the see.
Born
c.1080 in Ireland
Died
• 1 April 1129 at Ardpatrick, Munster, Ireland of natural causes
• buried in Lismore, Ireland
Saint Tewdrig ap Teithfallt
Also known as
• Tewdrig ap LLywarch
• Tewdrig of Tintern
• Theodoricus, Theodoric, Teudrig, Tewdric, Tudric
Profile
Born a prince, the son of King Ceithfalt of Morganwg; he became king upon his father‘s death. A great supporter of the Church, Tewdrig abdicated in favour of his son Meurig, and then retired to live as a prayerful hermit at Tintern, Montmouthsire, Wales. When the pagan Saxons led by Ceolwulf invaded the region, Tewdrig left his hermitage, took up arms again, led his troops into battle, defeated the Saxons at Pont-y-Saeson, but died from wounds received in the fight. Considered a martyr as he died defending his Christian realm from pagans.
Born
5th to 6th century
Died
• the area of Mathern, Wales of wounds received in battle, possibly a head wound based on descriptions of his skull seen in 1615
• a church named Marthyr Tewdrig was built over the grave, and the town of Mathern grew up around it
Blessed Luis Padilla Gómez
Profile
After studying at the concilar seminary of Guadalajara, Mexico from 1917 to 1921, Luis suffered doubts about his vocation and put off further studies. He worked as a teacher, but also conducted free classes for poor boys. One of the founders of the Catholic Youth Association of Mexico, Luis spent more and more time in prayer, meditation and Eucharistic adoration. In 1926, about the time Luis was considering a return to the seminary, anti–Christian persecutions began as part of the Mexican Revolution, which led to his arrest and execution. Martyr.
Born
9 December 1899 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Died
• shot by a firing squad on 1 April 1927 in the prison court yard in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
• relics enshrined in the Madonna of Guadalupe chapel of the parish church of San Giuseppe ad Analco
Beatified
20 November 2005 by Pope Benedict XVI
Blessed Giuseppe Girotti
Profile
Dominican priest, making his religious profession in 1923 and being ordained on 3 August 1930. Studied at the école Biblique in Jerusalem. Taught scriptural studies at the Dominican Theological Seminary at Turin, Italy. Arrested by Nazi authorities on 19 August 1944 for arranging hideouts and escape routes for Jews, and shuffled from one concentration camp to another before his death. He spent his time ministering to other prisoners. Martyr.
Born
19 July 1905 in Alba, Cuneo, Italy
Died
1 April 1945 in concentration camp at Dachau, Oberbayern, Germany
Beatified
• 26 April 2014 by Pope Francis
• beatification recognition was celebrated at the Cathedral of San Lorenzo, Alba, Cuneo, Italy, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato
Blessed Hugh of Bonnevaux
Profile
Nephew of Saint Hugh of Grenoble. Cistercian Bendictine monk at Mezieres Abbey, joining the Order in 1138. Abbot at Leoncel, France in 1163. Monk at Bonnevaux Abbey in 1169. Noted for gifts of spiritual discernment and for his ministry as an exorcist. Mediated the conflict between Pope Alexander III and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1177.
Born
c.1120 at Châteauneuf d'Isère, Valence, Drôme, France
Died
• 1194 of natural causes
• interred in the church in Bonnevaux Abbey
• miracles reported at his grave
• grave disturbed during the Reformation
• relics re-interred in 1743
• relics moved to a new chapel in 1966
Beatified
9 December 1903 by Pope Saint Pius X
Patronage
diocese of Valence, France
Blessed Zofia Czeska-Maciejowska
Also known as
Sofia Czeska-Maciejowska
Profile
Married young, and widowed young. Founded the Congregation of the Virgins of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, dedicated to caring for and the education poor and orphaned girls.
Born
1584 in Budziszowice, Kazimierski, Poland
Died
1 April 1650 in Kraków, Poland of natural causes
Beatified
• 9 June 2013 by Pope Francis
• beatification recognition celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Amato at the Sanktuarium Bozego Milosierdzia, Kraków-Lagiewniki, Poland
Blessed Ramón Vargas González
Profile
The son of a physician, Ramón’s family moved to Guadalajara, Mexico when the boy was nine years old. Member of the Catholic Youth Association of Mexico. Noted for his ministry to the poor. Imprisoned and executed in the Mexican Revolution.
Born
22 January 1905 in Ahualulco de Mercado, Jalisco, Mexico
Died
• shot by a firing squad on 1 April 1927 in the prison court yard in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
• he was making the sign of the cross as he was shot
• relics enshrined in the parish church of Saint Francis of Assisi in Ahualulco de Mercato, Mexico
Beatified
20 November 2005 by Pope Benedict XVI
Blessed Jorge Vargas González
Profile
The son of a physician, Jorge's family moved to Guadalajara, Mexico when the boy was fifteen years old. As a young man he worked for the local hydroelectric company. Martyred in the Mexican Revolution.
Born
28 September 1899 in Ahualulco de Mercado, Jalisco, Mexico
Died
• shot by a firing squad on 1 April 1927 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
• relics enshrined in the parish church of Saint Francis of Assisi in Ahualulco de Mercato, Mexico
Beatified
20 November 2005 by Pope Benedict XVI
Blessed Vinebault
Also known as
Vinebaldo, Vinebaldus, Guenebert
Profile
Shepherd at Villeneuve-la-Lionne, near the Ferté-Gaucher in Brie Champagne, France. Attended school in Ferté-Gaucher. Miracle worker.
Died
• early 13th century of natural causes
• a healing spring was reported to have emerged from his gravesite, and it became a place of pilgrimage
• when anti–Christian French Revolutionaries mocked the saint by washing their clothes in the healing waters, the spring dried up
Blessed Nicolò of Noto
Also known as
• Nicolò of Arco
• Nicolò of Arcu
• Nicola, Nicholas
Profile
Born to the Italian nobility, part of the family of the Counts of Isimbard. Cistercian monk at the monastery of Santa Maria dell'Arco in modern Noto Antica, Italy. Miracle worker.
Died
• c.1220 in Noto (modern Noto Antica), Sicily, Italy of natural causes
• relics enshrined in a silver reliquary in the Cistercian church in Noto, Italy
Saint Valéry of Leucone
Also known as
• Valery of Leuconay
• Gualaric, Valarico, Valerico, Valerio, Walaric, Walarich, Walarico, Waleric, Walerico, Walericus, Walric
Profile
Monk at Luxeuil Abbey. Founded the monastery of Leuconay, France. The town of Saint-Valery-sur-Somme was named for him.
Died
c.622
Representation
monk in a white habit holding a staff
Saint Fricor
Also known as
• Adrian, Frechor, Frechorius, Frichor, Fricoraeus
• Apostle of Picardy
Profile
Monk. Spiritual student of Saint Columba of Iona. Missionary to the Picardy region of northern France in 622 where he worked with Saint Caidoc. They converted many, including Saint Richarius of Celles who then protected them from local pagans.
Born
Irish
Died
• c.630 in Centula (modern St-Riquier), France
• relics in the parish of Saint-Riquier near Amiens, France
Saint Prudentius of Atina
Profile
Tenth bishop of Atina, Italy from 288 to 313. When Prudentius tried to destroy a statue of the goddess Juno, local pagans killed him in the street in front of Juno's temple. Martyr.
Died
• 28 March 313 in Atina
• buried by his killers near the temple of Juno in Atina as a sign of the triumph of the pagans over the Christian
• body recovered and re-interred at the parish church of Saint Peter by local Christians on 1 April 313
Saint Caidoc
Also known as
• Cadoc, Cadou, Caidocus, Caidos
• Apostle of Picardy
Profile
Monk. Spiritual student of Saint Columba of Iona. Missionary to the Picardy region of northern France in 622 where he worked with Saint Fricor. They converted many, including Saint Richarius of Celles who then protected them from local pagans.
Born
Irish
Died
• c.630 in Centula (modern St-Riquier), France
• relics in the parish of Saint-Riquier near Amiens, France
Saint Agape of Thessalonica
Also known as
Acapis
Profile
Sister of Saint Chionia and Saint Irene. Convicted of possessing the Scriptures despite a prohibition issued in 303 by Emperor Diocletian. She was ordered to sacrifice to pagan gods; she refused. Martyr.
Born
3rd century in Thessalonica, Macedonia
Died
burned alive in 304
Blessed Alexander of Sicily
Profile
Joined the Mercedarians in Palermo, Sicily. Worked at the convent in Bonaria, Italy. Sent to north Africa to ransom Christians imprisoned by Muslims, he was imprisoned and then executed for his faith as a public amusement. Martyr.
Died
burned to death 1317 in front of the palace of King Muley Moamet in Tunis, Tunisia
Blessed John Bretton
Additional Memorial
22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales
Profile
Married layman. Father. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I for remaining loyal to the Catholic Church.
Born
c.1527 in West Bretton, West Yorkshire, England
Died
hanged on 1 April 1598 in York, North Yorkshire, England
Beatified
22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Gilbert de Moray
Also known as
Gilbert of Caithness
Profile
Son of Duke William de Moravia. Bishop of Caithness, Scotland for 20 years, during which he built the cathedral there. Fierce proponent of Scottish independence, often opposing the archbishop of York, England in matters that he thought would reduce that independence.
Died
1245 of natural causes
Patronage
Caithness, Scotland
Saint Chionia of Thessalonica
Also known as
Cionia, Quionia
Profile
Sister of Saint Agape and Saint Irene. Convicted of possessing the Scriptures despite a prohibition issued in 303 by Emperor Diocletian. She was ordered to sacrifice to pagan gods; she refused. Martyr.
Born
3rd century in Thessalonica, Macedonia
Died
burned alive in 304
Blessed Bernhardin of Noto
Also known as
• Berhardin of Neto
• Bernardo, Bernardino
Profile
Franciscan friar and priest at the monastery in Noto (Neto, Netiunum) in Sicily, Italy. All other information about him was lost when the monastery was destroyed by earthquake in 1693.
Died
1452 in Noto Antica, Sicily, Italy of natural causes
Saint Jacoba of Rome
Also known as
Iaquelina, Jakelina
Profile
Born to the nobility, the sister of the Duke of Apulia. To avoid marriage and live a life devoted to God, she disguised herself in men’s clothes, fled the house, and spent her life as a pilgrim to holy sites.
Saint Venantius of Spalato
Also known as
• Venantius of Split
• Venanzio of...
Profile
Bishop in the Dalmatia region of modern Croatia. Martyred with several Christian companions.
Died
• c.255 in Spalato, Dalmatia (modern Split, Croatia)
• relics brought to the Lateran Basilica, Rome, Italy in 641
Blessed Marcelle
Also known as
Marcella
Profile
Born to a farm family, Marcelle was a pious 10th century goatherd. We know nothing else about her, but the Benedictines in Chauriat who knew her, built a church in her honour in 976.
Born
Chauriat, Puy-de-Dôme, France
Blessed Gerard of Sassoferrato
Also known as
Girard
Profile
Camaldolese novice at age nine at Holy Cross abbey in Sassoferrato, Italy. Parish priest at Sassoferrato.
Born
1280
Died
18 November 1367 of natural causes
Blessed Antonius of Noto
Also known as
Antonio
Profile
Franciscan friar at the monastery in Noto, Italy. All other information about him was lost when the monastery was destroyed by earthquake in 1693.
Died
Noto Antica, Sicily, Italy
Saint Theodora of Rome
Profile
Sister of Saint Hermes of Rome whom she visited and supported when Hermes was in prison. Martyr.
Died
c.125 in Rome, Italy
Saint Leucone of Troyes
Also known as
Leuçon
Profile
Zealous evangelizing bishop of Troyes, France for five years. Founded Notre-Dame-des-Nonnains abbey in Troyes.
Died
c.656 of natural causes
Blessed Abraham of Bulgaria
Profile
Muslim layman merchant, known for his charity. Convert to Christianity. For this, he was arrested, tortured and executed. Martyr.
Died
c.1229
Saint Berhard of Amiens
Also known as
Beherond
Profile
Seventh century bishop of Amiens, France. Close friend of Saint Valéry of Leucone.
Died
644
Saint Dodolinus of Vienne
Also known as
Dodolino, Dodoleno, Dodolenus, Dodolin
Profile
Seventh century bishop of Vienne, France.
Saint Stephen of Alexandria
Profile
Martyr.
Died
Alexandria, Egypt, date unknown
Saint Victor of Alexandria
Profile
Martyr.
Died
Alexandria, Egypt, date unknown
Saint Anastasio
Profile
Martyr.
Died
• on the Adriatic coast of modern Croatia
• relics translated to Rome, Italy
Saint Castus of Heraclea
Profile
Martyr.
Died
Heraclea, Thrace (in modern Turkey)
Saint Victor of Heraclea
Profile
Martyr.
Died
Heraclea, Thrace (in modern Turkey)
Saint Irenaeus of Armenia
Profile
Martyr.
Born
Armenian
Saint Quintian of Armenia
Profile
Martyr.
Born
Armenian
Martyrs of Dalmatia and Istria
Profile
A group of Christians martyrs who died at various locations in Dalamtia and Istria (in modern Croatia, whose relics were later taken to Rome, Italy, and who are remembered together. We know the names Anastasio, Antiochiano, Asterius, Gaiano, Mauro, Paoliniano, Septimius, Telio and Venantius.
Died
• on the Adriatic coast of modern Croatia
• relics translated to Rome, Italy
Martyrs of Thessalonica
Profile
A group of Christians martyred. We know nothing about them but the names Alexander, Dionysius, Ingenianus, Panterus, Parthenius and Saturninus.
Died
Thessalonica, Greece, date unknown
Also celebrated but no entry yet
• Aedhan Laech of Cill Aedhain
• Caesarius of Speyer
• Conval
• Enrico d'Asti
• Glinglin
