† இன்றைய புனிதர் †
(அக்டோபர் 28)
✠ புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு ✠
(St. Jude the Apostle)
திருத்தூதர், மறைசாட்சி:
(Apostle and Martyr)
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1 (முற்பகுதி)
கலிலேயா, யூதேயா, ரோம பேரரசு
(Galilee, Judaea, Roman Empire)
இறப்பு: கி.பி. 67
பெர்சியா அல்லது அராராத், ஆர்மேனியா
(கோடரியால் வெட்டி கொல்லப்பட்டார்)
(Persia, or Ararat, Armenia)
ஏற்கும் சபை/ சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(Roman Catholic Church)
கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைகள்
(Eastern Catholic Churches)
கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
(Eastern Orthodox Churches)
ஆங்கிலிக்கன் ஒன்றியம்
(Anglican Union)
லூதரனிய திருச்சபை
(Lutheran Church)
ஓரியண்ட்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
(Oriental Orthodoxy)
கிழக்கு திருச்சபை
(Church of the East)
அகில்பயன் திருச்சபை
(Aglipayan Church)
இஸ்லாம்
(Islam)
முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:
புனித பேதுரு பேராலயம், ரோம், ரெய்ம்ஸ், டௌலோஸ், ஃபிரான்ஸ்
(Saint Peter's, Rome, Reims, Toulouse, France)
நினைவுத் திருவிழா: அக்டோபர் 28
பாதுகாவல்:
ஆர்மீனியா (Armenia), தொலைந்த காரணங்கள், அவநம்பிக்கையான சூழ்நிலைகள், மருத்துவமனைகள், செயின்ட் பீட்டர்ஸ்பர்க் (St. Petersburg), ஃ புளோரிடா (Florida), சிகாகோ காவல் துறை (Chicago Police Department), பிரேசில் (Brazil), ஃ பிலிப்பைன்ஸ் (Philippines).
புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு, முதலாம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்தவரும், இயேசுவின் பன்னிரு திருத்தூதர்களுள் (அப்போஸ்தலர்களுள்) ஒருவருமாவார்.
இயேசுவை காட்டிக்கொடுத்த யுதாசுவிடமிருந்து வேறுபடுத்த, இவரை “ததேயு” (Thaddaeus) என்றோ, “லேபெசியஸ்” (Lebbaeus) என்றோ, “யாக்கோபின் யூதா” (Jude of James), என்றோ அழைப்பர். யோவான் நற்செய்தியாளர் இவரை "யூதா - இஸ்காரியோத்து - யூதாசு அல்ல" என்று குறிப்பிடுகிறார்.
பாரம்பரியம் மற்றும் புராணம்:
புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு, “யூதேயா” (Judea), “சமாரியா” (Samaria), “சிரியா” (Syria), “மெசபடோமியா” (Mesopotamia) மற்றும் “லிபியா” (Libya) ஆகிய நாடுகளில் நற்செய்தி போதித்தார் என்று பாரம்பரிய செய்திகள் கூறுகின்றன. இவரும் பர்த்தலமேயுவுமே ஆர்மீனியா நாட்டிற்கு கிறிஸ்தவத்தை கொண்டுவந்தனர் என்பர். அவர் “பெய்ரூட்” (Beirut) மற்றும் “எடெஸாவிற்கு” (Edessa) விஜயம் செய்ததாக கூறப்படுகிறது. இருப்பினும், பிந்தைய பணிகளின் தூதுச் செய்தியாளர், இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவின் எழுபது சீடர்களில் ஒருவரான “தடேயஸ்” (Thaddeus of Edessa) என்றும் அறியப்படுகிறது.
பதினான்காம் நூற்றாண்டின் வரலாற்றாசிரியரான “நிஸ்பொரஸ் கல்லிஸ்டஸ்” (Nicephorus Callistus) என்பவரின் கூற்றின்படி, இயேசு கிறிஸ்து, தமது அதிதூய அன்னையின் வேண்டுகோளின்படி, சாதாரண தண்ணீரை திராட்சை இரசமாக மாற்றி நிகழ்த்திய முதல் அதிசயமான “கானா” (Cana) ஊர் திருமணத்தில் மணமகனே புனிதர் யூதா ததேயு’தான் என்கிறார். பிற்காலத்தில், ரோமர்களால் மீண்டும் கட்டப்பட்டு, “செசரியா பிலிப்பி” (Caesarea Philippi) என மறு பெயரிடப்பட்ட “கலிலேயாவிலுள்ள” (Galilee) “பனேஸ்” (Paneas) எனும் நகரிலுள்ள யூதர்கள் குடும்பத்தில் இவர் பிறந்தவர் என்றும் புராணங்கள் கூறுகின்றன.
இவர் “கிரேக்கம்” (Greek) மற்றும் “அராமைக்” (Aramaic) மொழிகள் பேசினார். அந்த பகுதியில் உள்ள கிட்டத்தட்ட அவரது சமகாலத்தவர்கள் அனைவரையும் போல, இவரும் விவசாயத்தையே தொழிலாக செய்து வந்தார்.
சுமார் கி.பி. 67ம் ஆண்டு, ரோமப் பிரதேசமான “சிரியாவின்” (Syria) “லெபனான்” நாட்டு தலைநகரும், பிரதான துறைமுகமுமான “பெய்ரூட்” (Beirut) நகரில் இவரும், “தீவிரவாதியாய் இருந்த புனிதர் சீமோனும்” (Simon the Zealot) மறைசாட்சியாய் மரித்தனர். இவர், கோடரியால் வெட்டப்பட்டு மரித்தார். இவரது உடல், பின்நாளில் வத்திக்கானில் உள்ள புனித பேதுரு பேராலயத்திற்கு எடுத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டு அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது.
இவரது நினைவுத் திருவிழா நாள் அக்டோபர் 28 ஆகும்.
† Saint of the Day †
(October 28)
✠ St. Jude the Apostle ✠
Apostle and Martyr:
Born: 1st century AD
Galilee, Judaea, Roman Empire
Died: 1st century AD
Persia, or Ararat, Armenia
Venerated in:
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Churches
Eastern Catholic Churches
Oriental Orthodox Churches
Church of the East
Anglican Communion
Lutheranism
Aglipayan Church
Islam
Major shrine:
St. Thaddeus Armenian Monastery, Northern Iran; Saint Peter's, Rome; Reims, Toulouse, France
Feast: October 28
Patronage:
Armenia; Lost Causes; Desperate Situations; Hospitals; St. Petersburg, Florida; Cotta; the Chicago Police Department; Clube de Regatas do Flamengo from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Lucena, Quezon, Sibalom, Antique, and Trece Mártires, Cavite, The Philippines; and Sinajana in Guam
Compared to more prominent apostles in the Scripture, little is known about Thaddeus, one of Jesus Christ's 12 apostles. Part of the mystery stems from him being called by several different names in the Bible: Thaddeus, Jude, Judas, and Thaddaeus.
Some have argued that there are two or more different people represented by these names, but most Bible scholars agree that these various names all refer to the same person. In lists of the Twelve, he is called Thaddeus or Thaddaeus, a surname for the name Lebbaeus (Matthew 10:3, KJV), which means “heart” or “courageous.”
The picture is confused further when he is called Judas but is distinguished from Judas Iscariot in John 12:22. Some Bible scholars suggest Thaddeus authored the epistle of Jude, however, a more widely accepted position is that Jude, the half-brother of Jesus, wrote the book.
Historical Background on Thaddeus the Apostle:
Little is known of Thaddeus' early life, other than he likely was born and raised in the same area of Galilee as Jesus and the other disciples — a region which is now part of northern Israel, just south of Lebanon. One tradition has him born into a Jewish family in the town of Paneas. Another tradition holds that his mother was a cousin of Mary, mother of Jesus, which would make him a blood relation to Jesus.
We also know that Thaddeus, like other disciples, preached the gospel in the years following the death of Jesus. Tradition holds that he preached in Judea, Samaria, Idumaea, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Libya, possibly alongside Simon the Zealot.
Church tradition holds that Thaddeus founded a church at Edessa and was crucified there as a martyr. One legend suggests his execution occurred in Persia. Because he was executed by an axe or club, these weapons are often shown in artworks depicting Thaddeus. After his execution, his body is said to have been brought to Rome and placed in St. Peter's Basilica, where his bones remain to this day, interred in the same tomb with the remains of Simon the Zealot. Armenians, for whom St. Jude is the patron saint, believe that Thaddeus' remains are interred in an Armenian monastery.
Accomplishments of Thaddeus:
Thaddeus learned the gospel directly from Jesus and loyally served Christ despite hardship and persecution. He preached as a missionary following Jesus’ resurrection. He may have penned the book of Jude. The final two verses of Jude (24-25) contain a doxology, or "expression of praise to God," considered the finest in the New Testament.
Weaknesses:
Like most of the other apostles, Thaddeus abandoned Jesus during his trial and crucifixion.
Life Lessons From Thaddeus:
In John 14:22, Thaddeus asked Jesus, “Lord, why are you going to reveal yourself only to us and not to the world at large?” (NLT). This question uncovered a few things about Thaddeus. Number one, Thaddeus was comfortable in his relationship with Jesus, enough to stop the Lord in the middle of his teaching to ask a question. Thaddeus was curious to know why Jesus would reveal himself to the disciples but not to the whole world. This demonstrated that Thaddeus had a compassionate heart for the world. He wanted everyone to know Jesus.
References to Thaddeus in the Bible:
The apostle Thaddeus is mentioned in Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:16; John 14:22; Acts 1:13; And possibly the book of Jude.
St. Jude, known as Thaddaeus, was a brother of St. James the Less, and a relative of Our Saviour. He was one of the 12 Apostles of Jesus and his attribute is a club. Images of St. Jude often include a flame around his head, which represent his presence at Pentecost, when he accepted the Holy Spirit alongside the other apostles. Another attribute is St. Jude holding an image of Christ, in the Image of Edessa.
Sometimes he can also be seen holding a carpenter's ruler or is depicted with a scroll or book, the Epistle of Jude.
Biblical scholars agree St. Jude was a son of Clopas and his mother Mary was the Virgin Mary's cousin. Ancient writers tell us that he preached the Gospel in Judea, Samaria, Idumaea, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Lybia. According to Eusebius, he returned to Jerusalem in the year 62, and assisted at the election of his brother, St. Simeon, as Bishop of Jerusalem.
Saint Jude is not the same person as Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Our Lord and despaired because of his great sin and lack of trust in God's mercy.
Jude was the one who asked Jesus at the Last Supper why He would not manifest Himself to the whole world after His resurrection. Little else is known of his life. Legend claims that he visited Beirut and Edessa and could have been martyred with St. Simon in Persia.
He is an author of an epistle (letter) to the Churches of the East, particularly the Jewish converts, directed against the heresies of the Simonians, Nicolaites, and Gnostics. Though Saint Gregory the Illuminator has been credited as the "Apostle to the Armenians," the Apostles Jude and Bartholomew are believed to have brought Christianity to Armenia, where Jude was rumored to have later been martyred.
There is some debate about where Jude died, though most Biblical scholars agree he was martyred. He is believed to have been martyred either in Armenia or Beirut.
Following his death, St. Jude's body was brought to Rome and left in a crypt in St. Peter's Basilica. Today his bones can be found in the left transept of St. Peter's Basilica under the main altar of St. Joseph in a tomb he shares with the remains of the apostle Simon the Zealot.
Pilgrims came to St. Jude's grave to pray and many reported a powerful intercession, leading to the title, "The Saint for the Hopeless and the Despaired." Two Saints, St. Bridget of Sweden and St. Bernard, had visions from God asking them to accept St. Jude as "The Patron Saint of the Impossible."
Roman Catholics invoke St. Jude when in desperate situations because his New Testament letter stresses that the faithful should persevere in the environment of harsh, difficult circumstances -just as their forefathers had done before them; therefore, he is the patron saint of desperate cases.
The Chicago Police Department and Clube de Regatas do Flamengo - the Rio de Janeiro soccer team - have made Saint Jude their patron saint and there are several hospitals who have also accepted him as their patron saint, including the well-known children's hospital St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee.
There have also been several sites across the world dedicated to the Apostle Jude, including shrines and churches. The National Shrine of Saint Jude was founded in 1955 and can be found in England.
There are two mentions of Jude in the New Testament: Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13.
When Jude was mentioned in the Bible, it was often in relation to James (Jude of James) which is traditionally interpreted to mean "Jude, brother of James" as in the King James version of Luke 6:16; however, "Jude, son of James" appears in Protestant translations such as the NIV, NIRV, and the New King James Version. The same discrepancy occurs in Acts 1:13.
In John 14:22, a disciple called "Judas not Iscariot" is assumed to be the apostle Jude, though critics believe it is too ambiguous to believe it is a certainty.
When the apostles are listed in Matthew 10:3 and Mark 3:18, Jude's name does not appear but "Thaddeus" does. This occurrence led early Christians to believe Jude was known as both "Jude" and "Thaddeus," the latter of which could have been a sort of nickname.
"Thaddeus" may have become a popular nickname for Jude following Judas Iscariot's betrayal. To add further confusion to Jude's second name, the name Thaddeus is often indistinguishable from Thaddeus of Edessa, one of the Seventy Disciples.
A popular Roman Catholic prayer to Saint Jude is:
"O most holy apostle, Saint Jude, faithful servant and friend of Jesus, the Church honoureth and invoketh thee universally, as the patron of hopeless cases, and of things almost despaired of. Pray for me, who am so miserable.
"Make use, I implore thee, of that particular privilege accorded to thee, to bring visible and speedy help where help was almost despaired of. Come to mine assistance in this great need, that I may receive the consolation and succor of Heaven in all my necessities, tribulations, and sufferings, particularly (here make your request) and that I may praise God with thee and all the elect throughout eternity.
"I promise thee, O blessed Jude, to be ever mindful of this great favour, to always honour thee as my special and powerful patron, and to gratefully encourage devotion to thee. Amen."
The Novena - a prayer said nine days in a row - to Saint Jude is:
"Apostle and Martyr, great in virtue and rich in miracles, near kinsman of Jesus Christ, faithful intercessor for all who invoke thee, special patron in time of need; to thee I have recourse from the depth of my heart, and humbly beg thee, to whom God hath given such great power, to come to my assistance; help me now in my urgent need and grant my earnest petition. I will never forget thy graces and the favors thou dost obtain for me and I will do my utmost to spread devotion to thee. Amen."
"St. Jude" redirects here. For other saints, see Jude, brother of Jesus and Epistle of Jude. For other uses, see St. Jude (disambiguation).
"Thaddaeus" redirects here. For the saint known as Mar Addai, see Thaddeus of Edessa. For other uses, see Thaddeus.
Jude, also known as Judas Thaddaeus[4] (Greek: Θαδδαῖος; Coptic: ⲑⲁⲇⲇⲉⲟⲥ; Syriac/Aramaic: ܝܗܘܕܐ ܫܠܝܚܐ),[5] was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. He is generally identified with Thaddeus, and is also variously called Jude of James, Jude Thaddaeus, Judas Thaddaeus or Lebbaeus. He is sometimes identified with Jude, the brother of Jesus, but is clearly distinguished from Judas Iscariot, the apostle who betrayed Jesus prior to his crucifixion. Catholic writer Michal Hunt suggests that Judas Thaddaeus became known as Jude after early translators of the New Testament from Greek into English sought to distinguish him from Judas Iscariot and subsequently abbreviated his forename.[6] Most versions of the New Testament in languages other than English and French refer to Judas and Jude by the same name.[7]
The Armenian Apostolic Church honors Thaddeus along with Saint Bartholomew as its patron saints. In the Roman Catholic Church, he is the patron saint of desperate cases and lost causes.[8]
Saint Jude's attribute is a club. He is also often shown in icons with a flame around his head. This represents his presence at Pentecost, when he received the Holy Spirit with the other apostles. Another common attribute is Jude holding an image of Jesus Christ, known as the Image of Edessa. In some instances, he may be shown with a scroll or a book (the Epistle of Jude) or holding a carpenter's rule.[9]
New Testament
Jude is clearly distinguished from Judas Iscariot, another apostle and later the betrayer of Jesus. Both Jude and Judas are translations of the name Ὶούδας in the Koine Greek language original text of the New Testament, which in turn is a Greek variant of Judah (Y'hudah), a name which was common among Jews at the time. In most Bibles in languages other than English and French, Jude and Judas are referred to by the same name.
Aside from Judas Iscariot, the New Testament mentions Jude or Judas six times, in four different contexts:
"Jude of James", one of the twelve apostles (Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13);
"Judas, (not Judas Iscariot)", apparently an apostle (John 14:22);
the brother of Jesus (Matthew 13:55, Mark 6:3);
the writer of the Epistle of Jude, who identifies himself as "the brother of James" (Jude 1).
Catholic tradition generally holds all four to be the same person,[citation needed] while Protestants generally believe 1 and 2 to be one person,[10] although theologian Raymond Brown saw the identification as uncertain.[11] The latter two are also usually thought to be the same person, although this too is not certain, but different from 1 and 2.[citation needed]
Brother of James or son of James?
Translations into English from the original Greek of the New Testament vary in their rendering of Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13. A literal translation of the references to Jude in these passages gives "Jude of James", as in Young's Literal Translation of the Bible, but scholars differ on whether this means "Jude, brother of James" or "Jude, son of James". The King James and the Douay-Rheims versions call him "Judas the brother of James", making him the same person as the writer of the Epistle of Jude, who identifies himself as "Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James" (Jude 1:1).
Most modern translations (including the New International Version, Revised Standard Version and New Revised Standard Version), identify him as "Jude the son of James", and not the same person as the author of the Epistle of Jude. Protestant scholar Darrell L. Bock writes that it must mean "son" not "brother", because when "brother" is intended, the Greek word for "brother" (adelphos) is present.[12] Bock also says that means he was not the brother of Jesus. Additionally the use of the genitive case of "James" (Iakovou) in Greek, usually signifies or implies the person's father to be distinguished from his homonyms.[13]
Brother of Jesus?
Opinion is divided on whether Jude the apostle was also Jude, brother of Jesus, the traditional author of the Epistle of Jude.[14] Generally, Catholics believe the two Judes are the same person,[15] while Protestants generally do not.
According to the surviving fragments of the work Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord of the Apostolic Father Papias of Hierapolis, who lived c. 70–163 AD, Mary the wife of Cleophas or Alphaeus would be the mother of Judas the brother of Jesus that Papias identifies with Thaddeus:
Mary the wife of Cleophas or Alphaeus, who was the mother of James the bishop and apostle, and of Simon and Thaddeus, and of one Joseph...(Fragment X)[16]
Possible identity with Thaddeus
St. Thaddeus, St. Sandukht and other Christians in Sanatruk's prison
In the apostolic lists at Matthew 10:3 and Mark 3:18, Jude is omitted, but there is a Thaddeus (or in some manuscripts of Matthew 10:3, "Lebbaeus who was surnamed Thaddaeus", as in the King James Version) listed in his place. This has led many Christians since early times to harmonize the lists by positing a "Jude Thaddeus", known by either name. This is made plausible by the fact that "Thaddeus" seems to be a nickname (see Thaddeus) and that many New Testament figures have multiple names (such as Simon Peter and Joseph Barnabas). A further reason is the fact that the name "Judas" was tarnished by Judas Iscariot. It has been argued that for this reason, it is unsurprising that Mark and Matthew refer to him by an alternate name.[17]
Some Biblical scholars reject this theory, however, holding that Jude and Thaddeus did not represent the same person.[18] They have proposed alternative theories to explain the discrepancy: an unrecorded replacement of one for the other during the ministry of Jesus because of apostasy or death;[19] the possibility that "twelve" was a symbolic number and an estimation;[20] or simply that the names were not recorded perfectly by the early church.[21]
Thaddeus, one of the twelve apostles, is often indistinguishable from Thaddeus of Edessa, one of the Seventy Disciples.[22][23]
In some Latin manuscripts of Matthew 10:3, Thaddeus is called Judas the Zealot.
