இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் பெப்ரவரி 12

 St. Buonfiglio Monaldo

Feastday: February 12

He was one of seven Florentines who had joined the Confraternity of the Blessed Virgin (the Laudesi) in a particularly lax period in the city's history and who were inspired by a vision on the feast of the Assumption to take up a life of solitude and prayer. After nearly fifteen years of austerity at a hermitage on Monte Senario he took the name in 1240 of Servants of Mary, or Servites. Six were ordained, developed as mendicant friars under the direction of James of Poggibonsi and Bishop Ardingo of Florence and established many houses and foreign missions. Br. Bounfiglio served as its first prior general from 1240 to 1256 and died on Jan 1. St. John Bounagiunta succeded him, St. Bartholomew Amidei (Br. Hugh) established the order in Paris and St. Ricovero Ugoccione (Br. Sostenesw) in lGermany. SS. Benedict dell'Antella (Br. Manettus) were ordained; St. Alexis Falconieri became a lay brother and was the only one to live to see the order approved by Pope Benedict XI in 1304. The "Seven Holy Founders" of the Servites were canonized in 1887 by Pope Leo XIII. His feastday is Feb. 12.

St. Febronia

Feastday: February 12

Patron: of Palagonia, Sicily

Birth: 284

Death: 304

"It must be frankly admitted that the virgin martyr St. Febronia is in all probability a purely fictious personage, but she is venerated by all the churches of the East, including that of Ethiopia, and in the West by such towns as Trani in Apulia and Patti in Sicily." "She is supposed to have suffered at Nisibis in Mesopotamia, somewhere about the year 304, in the persecution under Diocletian. No genuine records of her life and passion are available but the legend attributed to her survives in the form of an attractive romance purporting to have been written by Thomais, a nun of her convent who is said to have witnessed the events she describes."

Febronia of Nisibis, also known as Febronia of Sebapte, was a nun at Nisibis. She suffered persecution under Diocletian, who offered her freedom if she renounced her faith and married his nephew, Lysimachus, who had been leaning towards conversion to Christianity. Febronia refused and was tortured, suffered mutilation and death. Lysimachus, witnessing her suffering, converted.[2]

Febronia is one of the 140 Colonnade saints whose images adorn St. Peter's Square. She is known as a Holy Virgin Martyr.

In the Coptic Orthodox Church, her feast day is 1 Epip which corresponds to 8 July (Gregorian Calendar) or 25 June (Julian Calendar).

"It must be frankly admitted that the virgin martyr St. Febronia is in all probability a purely fictious personage, but she is venerated by all the churches of the East, including that of Ethiopia, and in the West by such towns as Trani in Apulia and Patti in Sicily." "She is supposed to have suffered at Nisibis in Mesopotamia, somewhere about the year 304, in the persecution under Diocletian. No genuine records of her life and passion are available but the legend attributed to her survives in the form of an attractive romance purporting to have been written by Thomais, a nun of her convent who is said to have witnessed the events she describes."

Febronia of Nisibis, also known as Febronia of Sebapte, was a nun at Nisibis. She suffered persecution under Diocletian, who offered her freedom if she renounced her faith and married his nephew, Lysimachus, who had been leaning towards conversion to Christianity. Febronia refused and was tortured, suffered mutilation and death. Lysimachus, witnessing her suffering, converted.[2]

Febronia is one of the 140 Colonnade saints whose images adorn St. Peter's Square. She is known as a Holy Virgin Martyr.

In the Coptic Orthodox Church, her feast day is 1 Epip which corresponds to 8 July (Gregorian Calendar) or 25 June (Julian Calendar). 

Bl. James Feun

Catholic Online Saints & Angels

Facts

Feastday: February 12

Death: 1584

Martyr in England. Born in Somerset, he studied at Oxford and became a fellow until he refused to take the Oath of Supremacy and was removed. James married and became a school­master in Somerset. After the passing of his wife, he went to Reims where he studied for the priesthood and received ordination in 1580. Returning to England, he worked in Somerset until arrested. He was then moved to London and named a conispirator of a bogus assassination plot. He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn on February 12. Pope Pius XI canonized him in 1929.

St. John of Nicomedia

Feastday: February 12

Death: 1584

English martyrs. John Nutter was from Lancaster and was ordained at Reims in 1581 . Munden, a native of Dorset, was ordained at Reims in 1582. They were martyred at Tyburn with three priest companions. Both were beatified in 1929

St. Juventius of Pavia

Feastday: February 12

Death: 1st century

Bishop of Pavia, Italy, sent by St. Hermagoras with St. Syrus to evangelize the region. Juventius has two feast days, one alone and one with St. Syrus.

Saint Iuventius (or Iuvence) was a bishop of Pavia during the 1st century. Together with Syrus of Pavia he was sent there by Saint Hermagoras. Both Iuventius and Syrus are reported to have been the first bishop of Pavia.

Iuventius has two feast days, 8 February alone and 12 September together with Syrus.

Saint Benedict of Aniane

Also known as

• Euticius

• Witiza

• the Second Benedict

Profile

Born a Visigoth, the son of Aigul, Count of Maguelone. Educated at the court of Pepin. Courtier and cup-bearer to King Pepin and Blessed Charlemagne. Part of the 773 campaign of Charlemagne. Narrowly escaped drowning in the Tesin near Pavia, Italy while trying to save his brother.

Benedictine monk at Saint Sequanus monastery where he took the name Benedict. Lived two and one half years on bread and water, sleeping on the bare ground, praying through the night, and going barefoot.

In the Frankish empire, monasticism suffered lay ownership and the attacks of the Vikings. Monastic discipline decayed. In 779 Benedict founded the Aniane monastery on his own land; the monks did manual labor, copied manuscripts, lived on bread and water except on Sundays and great feast days when they added wine or milk, if they received any in alms. The results of his austere rule were disappointing, so he adopted the Benedictine Rule, and the monastery grew. He then reformed and inaugurated other houses; Saint Ardo travelled with him and served as his secretary.

Bishop Felix of Urgel proposed that Christ was not the natural, but only the adoptive son of God (Adoptionism); Benedict opposed this heresy, wrote against it, and assisted in the Synod of Frankfurt in 794.

Emperor Louis the Pious built the abbey of Maurmunster as a model abbey for Benedict in Alsace, France, and then Cornelimunster near Aachen, Germany, then made Benedict director of all the monasteries in the empire. The monk instituted widespread reforms, though because of opposition they were not as drastic as he had wanted.

Participated in the synods in Aachen. Benedict was an advisor and supported of the emperor. Wrote the Capitulare monasticum, a systematization of the Benedictine Rule as the rule for all monks in the empire. Compiled the Codex regularum, a collection of all monastic regulations, and Concordia regularum, showing the resemblance of Benedict's rule to those of other monastic leaders. The rules stressed individual poverty and chastity with obedience to a properly constituted abbot, himself a monk. Benedict insisted upon the liturgical character of monastic life, including a daily Conventual Mass and additions to the Divine Office. He stressed the clerical element in monasticism which led to the development of teaching and writing as opposed to manual labor in the field. This direction lapsed some after Benedict's death, but had lasting effects on Western monasticism. Benedict is considered the restorer of Western monasticism and is often called "the second Benedict".

Born

c.747 at Languedoc, France as Witiza

Died

• 11 February 821 at Cornelimunster, Aachen, Germany of natural causes

• buried on 12 February 821

Saint Julian the Hospitaller

#புனித_ஜூலியன் (பன்னிரண்டாம் நூற்றாண்டு)

பிப்ரவரி 12

இவர் (#StJulianTheHospitaller #StJulianThePoor) பிரான்சில் இருந்த ஒரு வசதியான குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தவர். 

ஒரு கைம்பெண் மணமுடித்து, அவரோடு மிகவும் மகிழ்ச்சியாக வாழ்ந்து வந்த இவர்,  தவறுதலாக இவருடைய பெற்றோரையே கொன்றுவிட, அதற்கு மன்னிப்பு வேண்டி, தன் மனைவியோடு  திருத்தந்தையைப் பார்க்க உரோமைக்குச் சென்றார். திருத்தந்தையும் இவர் செய்த குற்றத்தை மன்னிக்க, இவர் மனநிறைவோடு வீட்டிற்குத் திரும்பி வந்து கொண்டிருந்தார். 

அப்பொழுது இவருக்குள், "நாம் ஏன் மக்கள் பயன்பெறும் வகையில் ஒரு மருத்துவ மனையையும் விடுதியையும் தொடங்கக் கூடாது?" என்ற எண்ணமானது தோன்றி மறைந்தது. உடனே இவர் தன்னிடமிருந்த பணத்தைக் கொண்டு மருத்துவமனையையும் விடுதியையும் தொடங்கினார். 

இதனால் அவ்வழியாகக் கடந்துபோன  நோயாளர்கள், பயணிகள் யாவரும் பயன்பெற்றனர். ஒருமுறை இவருடைய விடுதியும் மருத்துவமனையும் நிரம்பி வழிந்தபோது, தொழுநோயாளர் ஒருவர் இவரிடம் வந்து, "தங்க இடம் கிடைக்குமா?" என்று கேட்டார். இவர் அதற்கு மறுப்பேதும் சொல்லாமல், தன்னுடைய படுக்கையில் அவரைத் தூங்கச் சொன்னார். அதன் பிறகுதான் தெரிந்தது, வந்திருந்தது வானதூதர் என்று.

அன்றிரவு இயேசு இவருக்குக் கனவில் தோன்றி, "ஜூலியன்! நீ உன் தவற்றிற்குப் பரிகாரமாகச் செய்யும் எல்லா நற்செயல்களையும் கண்டு மகிழ்கிறேன்" என்று சொல்லிவிட்டு மறைந்தார். 

இதன் பிறகு இவர் இறக்கின்ற வரையில், தான் செய்த நற்செயல்களைத் தொடர்ந்து செய்து வந்தார்.

Also known as

Julian the Poor

Additional Memorial

last Sunday in August (hunters in Malta)

Profile

Noble layman; friend and counselor to the king, he was married to a wealthy widow. A stag he was hunting predicted he would kill his own parents. Julian moved far away to avoid his parents, but they found him, and came to make a surprise visit. His wife gave them her and Julian's bed; Julian killed them, thinking they were his wife and another man.

As penance, he and his wife travelled to Rome, Italy as pilgrims seeking absolution. On his way home, to continue his penance, Julian built a hospice beside a river, cared for the poor and sick, and rowed travellers across the river for free.

Once, after having helped many, many travellers, Julian gave his own bed to a pilgrim leper who had nearly frozen to death. When they had him safely settled, the man suddenly revealed himself to be an angel. The visitor announced that Christ had accepted Julian's penance; the angel then disappeared.

Immensely popular in times past; scholars today think the story is likely to be pious fiction, mistaken for history.

Patronage

• boatmen

• carnival workers

• childless people

• circus workers

• clowns

• ferrymen

• fiddlers

• fiddle players

• hospitality

• hotel-keepers, innkeepers

• jugglers

• knights

• Macerata, Italy

• penitent murderers

• pilgrims

• San Giljan, Malta

• shepherds

• to obtain lodging while travelling

• travellers

• wandering musicians

Saint Eulalia of Barcelona

Also known as

Aulaire, Aulazia, Aulazie, Auzalie, Elalia, Eulalie, Eulària, Occille, Olacie, Olaia, Olaille, Olaire, Olalla, Ollala

Profile

Sanctified virgin, the forerunner of professed nun. Martyred at age 13 or 14 in the persecutions of Diocletian. Often confused with Saint Eulalia of Merida. Several villages in Guienne and Languedoc are named for her.

Born

c.290 in Barcelona, Spain

Died

• 12 February 304 at Barcelona, Spain

• interred in the church of Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona

• relics translated to the Barcelona cathedral on 23 November 874

Canonized

633

Patronage

• against drought

• against dysentery

• boatmen

• mariners

• pregnant women

• for rain

• safe sailing

• safe seafaring

• sailors

• travellers

• watermen

• Barcelona, Spain

• Barcelona cathedral

Saint Meletius of Antioch

Also known as

Meletios, Melezio

Profile

Born to a wealthy and prominent family. Bishop of Sebaste, Armenia (modern Sivas, Turkey) in 358 following the deposing of an Arian bishop. The Arian priests revolted, and forced Meletius into exile. Chosen bishop of Antioch, Syria after that city's Arian bishop had re-located to Constantinople. The Arians in the diocese revolted, and Meletius was exiled three times, returning in 362, 367 and 378. Supported by Saint Basil of Caesarea while in exile. In 379 he called a council at Antioch to formally install orthodox Nicene Christianity as the proper profession of the faith. Baptized and ordained Saint John Chrysostom; consecrated Saint Gregory of Nazianus as bishop of Constantinople in 381.

Born

early 4th century Melitene, Lower Armenia (modern Malatya, Turkey)

Died

• 381 at Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) of natural causes

• the funeral oration was delivered by Saint Gregory of Nyssa

• buried in Antioch beside Saint Babylas

Blessed George Haydock

Additional Memorial

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

Profile

Youngest son of Evan and Helen Haydock. Educated at the English College in Douai, France, and the English College in Rome, Italy. Ordained on 21 December 1581 at Rheims, France. He then returned to England to minister to covert Catholics during the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I. Arrested in London, England, he served 15 months in the Tower of London for the crime of being a priest; at one point he was finally allowed to administer the Sacraments to fellow prisoners. Zealous supporter of the pope, and not secular authorities, as ruler of the Church. Martyr.

Born

c.1557 in Cottam Hall, Lancashire, England

Died

hanged, drawn and quartered on 12 February 1584 in Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Ludan

Also known as

Ludano, Ludain, Luden

Profile

Born to the Scottish nobility, the son of Itiboldo. Used his inheritence to build a hospital for the poor, a hospice for pilgrims. Died while returning from pilgrimage to the tombs of the Apostles.

Born

12th century Scotland

Died

• 1202 in Nordheim, Alsace, France of natural causes

• while asleep under an elm tree, Ludan received a vision that he was about to die; he prayed to receive Holy Communion one more time; an angel then appeared with the Eucharist

• bells in local churches are reported to have spontaneously rang at the moment of his death

• two local parishes each wanted Ludan to rest at their church; an abbot settled the matter by having the body put in a cart, the cart yoked to a wild horse, and the horse turned loose; the horse stopped in front of the church of Saint George, and there Ludan was buried

• relics enshrined in Saint Ludan church in Nordheim

Blessed Humbeline of Jully

துறவி ஹீம்பலீனா Humbelina OSB

பிறப்பு 

11 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு, 

பிரான்சு

இறப்பு 

1130, 

ஜூலி-சுர்-சார்சே Jully-sur-Sarce

இவர் கிளேர்வாக்ஸ் Clairvaux நகரைச் சேர்ந்த்த புனித பெர்னார்டு Bernhard அவர்களின் சகோதரி. இவர் தன் இளம் வயதிலேயே தன் குடும்பத்தை விட்டு வெளியேறி, துறவற மடத்தில் வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். பின்னர் தன்னை முழுவதுமாக இறைவனுக்கு அர்ப்பணித்து துறவியானார். மேலும் இவரைப்பற்றிய வரலாறு, அதிகம் கொடுக்கப்படவில்லை. இவர் தனது இறுதிவரை துறவியாகவே வாழ்ந்து இறந்தார் என்று சொல்லப்படுகின்றது. இவர் புனித பெனடிக்ட் துறவற சபையில் தலைமை பொறுப்பில் ஈடுபட்டார் என்றும் கூறப்படுகின்றது. இவரது கல்லறையின் மேல் சிறிய கெபி ஒன்று கட்டப்பட்டு வணக்கம் செலுத்தப்படுகின்றது. இவர் துறவிகளின் முன்மாதிரி என்று சொல்லப்பட்டார்

Also known as

Hombeline, Homberga, Humbelina, Ombelina, Ombeline, Ombline

Additional Memorial

21 August in the Cistercian martyrology

Profile

Younger sister of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Married to Guy de Narcy, a member of the ruling family of Lorraine (in modern France). After a few years of rich and frivolous living, Humbeline turned her back on the worldly life; after a few more years she, with her husband's approval, became a Benedictine nun at Jully-les-Nonnains convent near Troyes, France. Served as abbess there.

Born

1092 in Dijon, France

Died

• 21 August 1136 at the Jully-les-Nonnains convent in France of natural causes

• several family members, include Saint Bernard were with her

• buried in Jully-les-Nonnains

Beatified

1703 by Pope Clement XI (cultus confirmed)

Patronage

against loss of parents

Saint Goscelinus of Turin

Also known as

• Goscelinus of San Solutore

• Goslin, Goslino, Gozzelino, Gozzelinus

Profile

Born to the Italian nobility. Benedictine monk in 1006 at the San Solutore Abbey near Turin, Italy soon after its founding. Reluctant abbot in of the house in 1031, he served the remaining 22 years of his life.

Died

• 12 February 1053 of natural causes

• relics enshrined in San Solutore Abbey in 1472

• the San Solutore Abbey was destroyed during the occupation of Italy by the French in 1536, and the relics were transferred Consolata Benedictine monastery

• relics enshrined in the church of Saints Solutore, Ottavio and Avventore in Turin, Italy on 19 January 1575

• relics transferred to the church's new constructed chapel of Saint Paul in 1584

Blessed James Fenn

Additional Memorial

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 1 December as one of the Martyrs of Oxford University

Profile

Educated at Corpus Christi College and Gloucester Hall at Oxford University. Married layman and schoolmaster. Widower. He studied at Rheims, France, and was ordained in 1580. He returned to England to minister to covert Catholics in the area of Somerset. Arrested for his faith, he was convicted of treason when he remained loyal to Rome and refused to take the Oath of Supremacy. Martyr.

Born

at Montacute, Somerset, England

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered on 12 February 1584 at Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI

Saint Anthony Kauleas

Also known as

• Anthony Cauleas

• Antony Cauleas

• Antony Kauleas

• Antony II of Constantinople

Profile

Born to a noble family from Phrygia who had moved to the country to escape persecution by the iconoclasts. Monk near Constantinople at age 12. Abbot of his house. Patriarch of Constantinople in 893. He worked to heal the schisms created by his predecessor Photius, presiding over the Fourth Æcumenical Council of Constantinople in 869 and 870 which condemned or reversed all that Photius had done; all records of the council were destroyed by later schismatics. Throughout his life Antony was known for his personal holiness, his deep personal prayer life, and the sanctity he brought to his offices.

Born

829 near Constantinople

Died

12 February 901 of natural causes

Blessed Jak Bushati

Profile

Studied at the Pontifical Seminary of Shkodrë, Albania. Ordained on 19 May 1915 as a priest of the archdiocese of Shkodrë-Pult, Albania. Imprisoned and tortured to death in the anti–Christian persecutions of the Albanian Communist government. Martyr.

Born

8 August 1890 in Shkodrë, Albania

Died

12 February 1949 in Shkodrë, Albania

Beatified

• 5 November 2016 by Pope Francis

• beatification celebrated at the Square of the Cathedral of Shën Shtjefnit, Shkodër, Albania, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato

Saint Ethelwald of Lindisfarne

Also known as

Aethelweald, Aedilauld, Ethilwald, Ethelwold

Additional Memorial

21 April (translation of relics)

Profile

Leather worker and bookbinder. Monk. Assistant to Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne. Prior and abbot of Old Melrose monastery in Scotland. Bishop at Lindisfarne in 721. Commissioned the famous Lindisfarne Book of Gospels, now in the British Museum, and made its jewel-encrusted leather cover, now lost. Wrote the Hymnal of Ethelwald.

Born

at Northumbria, England

Died

• c.740

• buried in the cathedral at Lindisfarne

• relics taken to Durham in the hope they would prevent Danish invasion

Blessed John Munden

Additional Memorial

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 1 December as one of the Martyrs of Oxford University

Profile

Studied at New College, Oxford. Teacher and schoolmaster. Studied for the priesthood at Rheims, France, and Rome, Italy. Ordained in 1582. Martyr.

Born

at Coltley, South Maperton, Dorset, England

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered on 12 February 1584 at Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI

Blessed Thomas Hemeford

Additional Memorial

1 December as one of the Martyrs of Oxford University

Profile

Educated at Oxford, England. Convert to Catholicism. Seminarian at the English College in Rome, Italy; ordained in 1583. He returned to England to minister to covert Catholics during the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I. Arrested and executed for the crime of being a priest. Martyr.

Born

Stoke, Dorset, England

Died

hanged, drawn and quartered on 12 February 1584 in Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI

Blessed Paolo of Barletta

Profile

Joined the Augustinians as a young man. Feeling a need to devote himself to God, he wanted to "go where no one knew him except God alone", and he withdrew for a while to live as a hermit in prayer and penance in the province of Portugal. Missionary to the island of San Thomé, in the East Indies.

Born

early 16th century in Barletta, Italy

Died

13 May 1580 San Thomé, East India of natural causes

Blessed Benedict Revelli

Profile

Benedictine monk of Santa Maria dei Fonti, Italy. Hermit on the island of Gallinaria in the Gulf of Genoa, Italy. Bishop of Albenga, Italy in 870.

Died

• c.900

• buried at the church of Santa Maria de Fontibus

• relics enshrined in a chapel dedicated to him there in 1409

• following a collapse of the old church in 1614, the relics were enshrined in a new wooden reliquary

Beatified

by Pope Gregory XVI (cult confirmed)

Blessed Josep Gassol Montseny

Profile

Seminarian of the archdiocese of Tarragona, Spain. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

31 March 1915 in Solivella, Tarragona, Spain

Died

12 February 1937 in Sarral, Tarragona, Spain

Beatified

• 13 October 2013 by Pope Francis

• beatification celebrated in Tarragona, Spain

Blessed John Nutter.

Additional Memorial

29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

Profile

Brother of Blessed Robert Nutter. Fellow at Saint John's College, Cambridge. Studied for the priesthood at the English College in Rheims, France. Ordained in 1581. Martyr.

Born

at Burnley, Lancashire, England

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered on 12 February 1584 at Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI

Saint Sedulius

Also known as

• Seadhal, Siadal, Siadhal

• the Christian Virgil

Profile

Wrote the epic poem Carmen Paschale. He left Ireland to found a school of poetry in Athens. May have been a disciple of Saint Ailbhe. In 494, a decree of the First Roman Council contained a phrase "honoring by signal praise the Paschal Work of the Venerable man, Sedulius".

Born

Irish

Saint Alexis of Kiev

Also known as

• Alexius of Kiev

• Alexius of Moscow

Profile

Russian nobleman who gave up his worldly position to become a Basilian monk. Archbishop of Kiev. Well educated, but he was more known for his spiritual wisdom; even the Sultan of the Turks in Asia Minor sought his advice.

Died

1364

Blessed Ladislas of Hungary

Profile

Franciscan friar. Betrayed by a heretic monk, he and several of his religious brothers were martyred by order of King Bazarath.

Died

1369 at Vidin (in modern Bulgaria)

Blessed Nicholas of Hungary

Profile

Franciscan friar. Betrayed by a heretic monk, he and several of his religious brothers were martyred by order of King Bazarath.

Died

1369 at Vidin (in modern Bulgaria)

Blessed Gregory of Traguio

Profile

Franciscan friar. Betrayed by a heretic monk, he and several of his religious brothers were martyred by order of King Bazarath.

Died

1369 at Vidin (in modern Bulgaria)

Saint Modestus the Deacon

Profile

Deacon. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Born

Sardinia (part of modern Italy)

Died

• c.304

• relics moved to Benevento, Italy c.785

Blessed Anthony of Saxony

Profile

Franciscan friar. Betrayed by a heretic monk, he and several of his religious brothers were martyred by order of King Bazarath.

Died

1369 at Vidin (in modern Bulgaria)

Blessed Thomas of Foligno

Profile

Franciscan friar. Betrayed by a heretic monk, he and several of his religious brothers were martyred by order of King Bazarath.

Died

1369 at Vidin (in modern Bulgaria)

Saint Damian of Africa

Profile

Soldier. Martyr.

Died

in Africa, date unknown

Saint Damian of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

• in Rome, Italy, date unknown

• relics discovered in the catacombs of Saint Callistus, and sent to Spain

Saint Gaudentius of Verona

Profile

Bishop of Verona, Italy.

Died

• c.465

• relics in the basilica of Saint Stephen, Verona, Italy

Saint Julian of Alexandria

Profile

Martyr.

Died

160 at Alexandria, Egypt

Saint Modestus of Carthage

Profile

Martyr.

Died

c.160 at Carthage

Patronage

Cartagena, Spain

Saint Ammonius of Alexandria

Profile

Child martyr.

Saint Modestus of Alexandria

Profile

Child martyr.

Martyrs of Albitina

Profile

During the persecutions of Diocletian, troops were sent to the churches of Abitina, North Africa on a Sunday morning; they rounded up everyone who had arrived for Mass, and took them all to Carthage for interrogation by pro-consul Anulinus. The 46 who proclaimed their Christianity were executed. We know some of their names and stories

• Ampelius

• Cassiano

• Ceciliano

• Cecilia

• Danzio

• Deciano

• Emeritus

• Ercolina

• Eva

• Fausto

• Felice (2 by this name)

• Felix

• Gennara (2 by this name)

• Gennaro

• Giriale

• Hilarion

• Maggiore

• Margherita

• Martino

• Mary

• Massimiano

• Matrona (2 by this name)

• Onorata

• Pelusio

• Pomponia

• Prima

• Quinto

• Regiola

• Restituta

• Rogatian (3 by this name)

• Rogato (2 by this name)

• Saturninus the Elder

• Saturninus the Younger

• Seconda (2 by this name)

• Thelica

• Victoria

• Vincenzo

• Vittoriano

• Vittorino

Died

tortured to death in 304 in prison at Albitina, North Africa

† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(ஃபெப்ரவரி 12)

✠ புனிதர் அபொல்லோனியா ✠

(St. Apollonia)

கன்னியர்/ மறை சாட்சி:

(Virgin & Martyr)

பிறப்பு: இரண்டாம் நூற்றாண்டு

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 249

அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா, எகிப்து

(Alexandria, Egypt)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

காப்டிக் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Coptic Orthodox Church)

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Eastern Orthodox Churches)

ஓரியண்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Oriental Orthodox Churches)

பாதுகாவல்:

பல் மருத்துவர்கள் (Dentists)

பல் சம்பந்தமான பிரச்சினைகள் (Tooth problems)

அச்டேர்போஸ், பெல்ஜியம் (Achterbos, Belgium)

அரிக்கியா, இத்தாலி (Ariccia, Italy)

குக்காரோ மோன்ஃபெர்ரடோ, இத்தாலி (Cuccaro Monferrato, Italy)

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஃபெப்ரவரி 12

புனிதர் அபொல்லோனியா, அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா (Alexandria) நாட்டில், “ரோமானிய பேரரசின் பேரரசர்” (Emperor of the Roman Empire) “டேசியஸ்” (Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius) என்பவருடைய ஆட்சிகாலத்தில், கிறிஸ்தவர்களுக்கெதிரான கலகத்தின்போது, உள்ளூர் கிளர்ச்சியாளர்களால் துன்புறுத்தப்பட்ட கிறிஸ்தவ கன்னியர்களில் ஒருவர் ஆவார். புராணங்களின்படி, துன்புறுத்தலின்போது அவருடைய பற்கள் வலுக்கட்டாயமாக பிடுங்கப்பட்டன. இதன்காரணமாக பல் மருத்துவம், பல் நோய்களால் துன்புறுவோர் மற்றும் இன்னபிற பல் பிரச்சினைகளால் துன்புறுவோருக்கு இவர் பாதுகாவலராவார்.

கிறிஸ்தவ வரலாற்றாசிரியர்களின் கூற்றின்படி, “பேரரசன் பிலிப்” (Emperor Philip the Arab) ஆட்சியின் கடைசி ஆண்டில், ஒரு அலெக்சாண்ட்ரிய கவிஞர், அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியாவில் கிறிஸ்தவர்களுக்கெதிரான கலகங்கள் உச்சத்தை எட்டும் என்றும் நாடே இரத்தக்களரியாகும் என்றும் தீர்க்கதரிசனம் சொன்னார். அதன்படியே கிறிஸ்தவர்களுக்கெதிரான துன்புறுத்தல்கள் நிகழ்ந்தன. அதனை ஆட்சியாளர்களாலேயே அடக்க இயலாமல் போனது.

அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியாவின் ஆயர் "டயோனிஸிஸ்" (Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria) அந்தியோக்கியாவின் ஆயர் "பாபியசுக்கு" (Fabius, Bishop of Antioch) எழுதிய கடிதமொன்றில் தமது மக்கள் எவ்வாறெல்லாம் துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டார்கள், எவ்வாறெல்லாம் அவர்களது வீடுகள் உள்ளிட்ட உடைமைகள் சூறையாடப்பட்டன என்பவற்றை விளக்கி எழுதியிருந்தார். பெண் திருத்தொண்டரான அபொல்லோனியாவை பிடித்து பெண்ணென்றும் பாராமல் அடித்து துன்புறுத்தினர். மீண்டும் மீண்டும் அடித்து அவரது பற்கள் முழுவதையும் உடைத்துப் பிடுங்கினர். அவரையும் இன்னும் பல கன்னியரையும் நகருக்கு வெளியே அமைத்திருந்த விறகுக் குவியலினருகே இழுத்துச் சென்றனர். விறகுக் குவியலுக்கு தீ மூட்டினர். அவர்கள் சொல்லும் தூஷண வார்த்தைகளை சொல்லச் சொல்லி வற்புறுத்தினர். கிறிஸ்துவுக்கு எதிராக வசை பேசவோ அல்லது அவர்களது தெய்வங்களை போற்றி பிரார்த்தனை செய்யவோ வற்புறுத்தினர். அல்லது உயிருடன் தீக்கிரையாக்குவதாக பயமுறுத்தினர். அபொல்லோனியாவின் வேண்டுதலுக்கிணங்க தமது பிடியிலிருந்து அவரை சிறிதே விடுவித்தனர். அபொல்லோனியா கண்ணிமைக்கும் நேரத்தில் கொளுந்து விட்டெரியும் தீக்குள் குதித்து உயிருடன் எரிந்து உயிர்விட்டார்.

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் பெப்ரவரி 11

 St. Benedict of Aniane

அனியானே நகர் துறவி பெனடிக்ட் Benedikt von Aninae

பிறப்பு 

750, 

பிரான்சு

இறப்பு 

11 பிப்ரவரி 821, 

ஜெர்மனி

புனித பெனடிக்ட் விட்டிசா Witiza என்ற மற்றொரு பெயரால் அழைக்கப்பட்டார். இவர் ஓர் அரசர் குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தார். இவர் பிப்பின் Pippin என்பவரிடமிருந்து வளர்ந்தார். இவர் தன் இளம் வயதிலேயே போர் புரிவதற்கென போர் படையில் சேர்ந்தார். பின்னர் 773 ஆம் ஆண்டு டிஜோன் Dijon என்ற ஊரின் அருகிலிருந்த புனித பெனடிக்ட் துறவறச் சபையில் சேர்ந்தார். இவர் 779 ஆம் ஆண்டு மிகக் கடுமையான விதிகளைக் கொண்டு துறவற இல்லம் ஒன்றைக் கட்டினார். பின்னர் நூர்சிய நகர் Nursia பெனடிக்ட்டின் சபையிலிருந்த ஒழுங்களை தான் நிறுவிய சபையிலும் கடைப்பிடிக்கச் செய்தார். பிரான்சு நாட்டிலிருந்த துறவற சபைகளிலேயே கடைப்பிடிக்கப்பட்ட அனைத்து ஒழுக்குகளைவிட இவர் நிறுவிய சபைதான் மிகக் கடுமையான சபை என்று கூறப்பட்டது. 814 ஆம் ஆண்டு அரசர் லூட்விக் Ludwig, பெனடிக்டின் செப வாழ்வைக் கண்டு, எல்சாஸ் Elsaß என்ற ஊரிலும் சபை நிறுவ அனுமதியளித்தார். பின்னர் ஜெர்மனி நாட்டில் ஆஹன் Aachen என்ற இடத்திலும் சபையை நிறுவினார். அங்குதான் அவர் தனது இறுதிநாட்களைக் கழித்தார்.

Feastday: February 11

Birth: 747

Death: 821

Benedict of Aniane Responsible for a revival of Frankish monasticism in VIII/IX Centuries, St. Benedict of Aniane (d. 821) was the scion of a noble Visigoth family and served as cupbearer to Pepin III and Charlemagne before becoming a monk c. 770/773 at St.-Seine near Dijon. Benedict became a hermit on his family estate and lived on the banks of the Aniane, where several other solitaries joined him. Benedict compiled all known monastic rules in Codex regularum and composed Concordia regularum to demonstrate the universality of the Rule of St. Benedict of Nursia, his namesake. Benedict of Aniane may have compiled also the supplement to the Gregorian sacramentary usually attributed to Alcuin of York. At the request of King Louis I the Pious, Benedict convoked and led the synod of Aachen in 817, which determined that all monasteries in Louis' kingdom should follow the Rule of St. Benedict of Nursia. Implementation of this decree was not totally successful.

Benedict of Aniane (Latin: Benedictus Anianensis; German: Benedikt von Aniane; c. 747 – 12 February 821 AD), born Witiza and called the Second Benedict, was a Benedictine monk and monastic reformer, who left a large imprint on the religious practice of the Carolingian Empire. His feast day is February 12.

Life

According to Ardo, Benedict's biographer, he was the son of a Visigoth, Aigulf, Count of Maguelonne (Magalonensis comes). Originally given the Gothic name Witiza, he was educated at the Frankish court of Pippin the Younger, and entered the royal service as a page. He served at the court of Charlemagne, and took part in the Italian campaign of Charlemagne in 773 where he almost drowned in the Ticino near Pavia while attempting to save his brother. The experience led him to act on a resolve which had been slowly forming in him, to renounce the world and live the monastic life. He later left the court and was received into the monastery of Saint Sequanus, the Abbey of Saint-Seine.[2]

At Saint-Seine, Benedict was made cellarer, and then elected abbot, but realizing the monks would never conform to his strict practices he left and returned to his father's estates in Languedoc, where he built a hermitage.[3] Around 780, he founded a monastic community based on Eastern asceticism at Aniane in Languedoc. This community did not develop as he had intended. In 782, he founded another monastery based on Benedictine Rule, at the same location. His success there gave him considerable influence, which he used to found and reform a number of other monasteries, and eventually becoming the effective abbot of all the monasteries of Charlemagne's empire.[4]

In 781 Louis the Pious became King of Aquitaine and asked Benedict to reform the monasteries in his territory. Later as Emperor, he entrusted him with the coordination of practices and communication among the monasteries within his domains.[3] He had a wide knowledge of patristic literature, and churchmen, such as Alcuin sought his counsel.

In 814, Louis, now emperor, had Benedict found a monastery on the river Inde near the court at Aachen. The monastery was at first called the "Monastery of the Redeemer on the Inde", but came to be known as Kornelimünster Abbey.[5]

He was the head of a council of abbots which in 817 at Aachen created a code of regulations, or "Codex regularum", which would be binding on all their houses.[2] Benedict sought to restore the primitive strictness of the monastic observance wherever it had been relaxed or exchanged for the less exacting canonical life. Shortly thereafter, he compiled a "Concordia regularum". Sections of the Benedictine rule (except ix-xvi) are given in their order, with parallel passages from the other rules included in the Liber regularum, so as to show the agreement of principles and thus to enhance the respect due to the Benedictine. He was primarily an ecclesiastic, who zealously placed his not inconsiderable theological learning at the service of orthodoxy, and the cause of Benedictine monasticism.[6] Although these new codes fell into disuse shortly after the deaths of Benedict and his patron, Emperor Louis the Pious, they did have lasting effects on Western monasticism.

Benedict died at Kornelimünster Abbey on February 11, 821, in the monastery Louis had built for him to serve as the base for Benedict's supervisory work. He was buried the next day on February 12, hence why some list his feast day as the 11th and some the 12th.

St. Adolf of Osnabruck

Feastday: February 11

Death: 1224

A monk and bishop, who was a member of the family of Tecklenburg, counts in Westphalia. Adolf became a canon in Cologne, Germany, but then entered the Cistercian monastery, where he became known for his piety. In 1216, he was named the bishop of Osnabrück and maintained charitable programs there, dying on June 30, 1224.

Adolf of Osnabrück, O.Cist (also known as Adolphus, Adolph, Adolf of Tecklenburg), was born in Tecklenburg about 1185, a member of the family of the Counts of Tecklenburg in the Duchy of Westphalia. During his lifetime, he became known as the "Almoner of the Poor", and is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church.[1]

Life

Adolf became a canon of the Cathedral of Cologne, but then entered a Cistercian monastery, where he became known for his piety.[2] In 1216 he was elected Bishop of Osnabrück (after an earlier election had been cancelled by the pope) and maintained charitable programs there. He died on 30 June 1222 or 1224.[3]

Veneration

Adolf's cultus was recognized by Pope Urban VIII in 1625. His feast day is celebrated on 11 February.

St. Paschal

† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(ஃபெப்ரவரி 11)

✠ புனிதர் முதலாம் பாஸ்கால் ✠

(St. Paschal I)

98ம் திருத்தந்தை:

(98th Pope)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 775

ரோம், திருத்தந்தை மாநிலம்

(Rome, Papal States)

இறப்பு: ஃபெப்ரவரி 11, 824

ரோம், திருத்தந்தையர் மாநிலங்கள்

(Rome, Papal States)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: ஃபெப்ரவரி 11

புனிதர் முதலாம் பாஸ்கால், கி.பி. 817ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், 25ம் நாள் முதல், கி.பி. 824ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 11ம் நாள்வரை, கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் திருத்தந்தையாக இருந்த இவர், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் 98ம் திருத்தந்தை ஆவார். பாஸ்கால் என்னும் பெயர் எபிரேயம், கிரேக்கம், இலத்தீன். ஆகிய மொழிகளில் "உயிர்த்தெழுதல் சார்ந்த" என்று பொருள்படும்.

ஆரம்ப வாழ்க்கை:

“பாஸ்கால் டேய் மஸ்ஸிமி” (Pasquale dei Massimi) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட பாஸ்கால், பிறப்பினால் ரோம் நகரைச் சார்ந்தவர். அவருடைய தந்தை பெயர் “போனோசஸ்” (Bonosus). தாயார் "எபிஸ்கோபா தியோடரா" (Episcopa Theodora) ஆவார். இளமைப் பருவத்திலேயே அவர் ரோம குருகுலத்தில் சேர்ந்தார். இலாத்தரன் அரண்மனையில் இருந்த கல்விக்கூடத்தில் திருப்பணியிலும் விவிலியப் படிப்பிலும் தேர்ச்சி பெற்றார். துணைத் திருத்தொண்டராக துறவு வாழ்க்கையை ஆரம்பித்த இவர், கத்தோலிக்க குருவாகவும், திருத்தந்தை மூன்றாம் லியோ (Pope Leo III) காலத்தில் "புனித ஸ்டீஃபன் துறவு மடத்தின்" (Monastery of St. Stephen of the Abyssinians) மடாதிபதியாகவும் பணியாற்றினார். அப்போது ரோமுக்கு திருப்பயணமாக வந்த மக்களுக்கு அவர் பணிபுரிந்தார். திருத்தந்தை “மூன்றாம் லியோ” (Pope Leo III) இவரை கர்தினாலாக (Cardinal of Santa Prassede) உயர்த்தினார்.

திருத்தந்தையாக நியமனம்:

திருத்தந்தை நான்காம் ஸ்தேவான் (Stephen IV) காலமான (ஜனவரி 24, 817) உடனேயே பாஸ்கால் திருத்தந்தையாக ஒருமனதாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். மறுநாள் (கி.பி. 817 ஜனவரி 25) அவர் ஆயராகத் திருநிலைப்படுத்தப்பட்டார்; திருத்தந்தையாகப் பதவி ஏற்றார்.

பேரரசரோடு உறவு:

பேரரசர் லூயிஸுடன் (Emperor Louis the Pious) தமக்கு நெருங்கிய உறவு உண்டு என்பதைக் காட்டும் வகையில் திருத்தந்தை பாஸ்கால் பல தூதுவர்களை அனுப்பினார். பேரரசர் லூயிஸும் கி.பி. 817ல் "லூயிஸ் ஒப்பந்தம்" என்னும் ஆவணத்தை எழுதி, திருத்தந்தைக்கு அனுப்பி, திருத்தந்தை தம் ஆட்சிப்பீடத்தை முறையாக ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார் என்று அங்கீகாரம் வழங்கினார். அந்த ஆவணம் இன்றும் உள்ளது.

லூயிஸ் மகன் “லோத்தேர்” (Lothair) திருமணம் செய்துகொண்டபோது, திருத்தந்தை தூதுவர்கள் வழியாக அவருக்குப் பரிசுகள் அனுப்பினார். கி.பி. 823ம் ஆண்டு வசந்த காலத்தில் “முதலாம் லோத்தேர்” (Lothair I) ரோமுக்குச் சென்றார். அங்கு ஏப்ரல் மாதம், 5ம் நாள் திருத்தந்தை பாஸ்கால், முதலாம் லோத்தேரை இத்தாலியின் அரசனாக அறிவித்து, ஆடம்பரமாக அவருக்கு முடிசூட்டினார்.

சுருப வணக்கம் முறையானது என்னும் போதனை:

பாஸ்காலின் ஆட்சி காலத்தில், ரோம் நகரத்தில் கொந்தளிப்பான சூழ்நிலை நிலவியது. “பைசன்டைன் பேரரசில்” (Byzantine Empire) சொரூப வணக்கத்தை எதிர்ப்போரை எதிர்த்ததன் காரணத்தாலும், “மொசைக் கலைஞர்களை” (Mosaic artists) ரோம் வரவழைத்து தேவாலயங்களை அலங்கரிக்க ஏற்பாடு செய்தனர். இதனை அறிந்த ““பைசன்டைன் பேரரசன் இரண்டாம் மைக்கேல் (Byzantine Emperor Michael II), இவற்றை நிறுத்த முயற்சிக்குமாறு ஃப்ரான்கிஷ் மன்னன் லூயிசுக்கு (Frankish King Louis the Pious) கடிதம் எழுதினான்.

இதன் காரணத்தால், துன்புறுத்தப்பட்ட துறவியர் நாடுகடத்தப்பட்டனர். லியோவால் சட்டமுறைக்கு எதிராக காண்ஸ்டாண்டிநோபுளின் மறை முதுவராக நியமிக்கப்பட்ட தியோடோசியுஸ் என்பவர் அரசனின் ஆணைக்குப் பணிந்தார். ஆனால் தியொடோர் என்னும் தலைமைத் துறவி (Theodore of Studium) சுருப வணக்கம் முறையானதே என்று வலியுறுத்திக் கூறினார்.

இதை விரும்பாத மன்னன் லியோ தியொடோரை நாடு கடத்தி கொடுமைப்படுத்தினார். அதே சமயத்தில் தியோடோசியுசும் திருத்தந்தைக்குத் தூதுவர்களை அனுப்பினார். ஆனால் திருத்தந்தை அவருடைய போக்கினை ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளவில்லை. மாறாக, தியொடோருக்கு ஆதரவு தெரிவித்ததோடு, அவர் துன்பங்களுக்கு நடுவிலும் உண்மையான கொள்கையைக் கடைப்பிடிப்பதில் உறுதியாக இருக்கவேண்டும் என்று ஊக்குவித்தார்.

நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட துறவியருக்கு ஆதரவு:

சுருப வணக்கம் முறையானதே என்று கூறிய பல துறவியரை மன்னன் லியோ கிரேக்க நாட்டிலிருந்து துரத்திவிட்டார். அத்துறவியரைத் திருத்தந்தை பாஸ்கால் மனமுவந்து வரவேற்றார். ரோமில் புதிதாக நிறுவப்பட்ட புனித பிராக்சேதிஸ், புனித செசிலியா, புனிதர்கள் செர்ஜியுஸ் மற்று பாக்குஸ் ஆகிய துறவியர் இல்லங்களில் அத்துறவியரை உறுப்பினர்களாக ஏற்றுக் கொண்டார்.

ஆலயங்களைச் சீரமைத்தல்:

திருத்தந்தை முதலாம் பாஸ்கால் பல ஆலயங்களைப் புதுப்பித்துச் சீரமைத்தார். எடுத்துக்காட்டாக, “தூய பிராஸ்செட்” (Santa Prassede), “டிரஸ்டேவரிலுள்ள தூய செசிலியா” (Santa Cecilia in Trastevere), “டொமினிக்காவிலுள்ள தூய மரியா” (Santa Maria in Domnica) ஆகிய ஆலயங்களை முற்றிலும் புதுப்பித்துக் கட்டியதைக் குறிப்பிடலாம்.

மரணம்:

ஏழாண்டு திருஆட்சிக்கு பின் கி.பி. 824ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 11ம் நாள், திருத்தந்தை முதலாம் பாஸ்கால் காலமானார். அவருடைய உடல் புனித பிராக்சேதிஸ் ஆலயத்தில் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது.

திருத்தந்தை முதலாம் பாஸ்காலின் நினைவுத் திருவிழா, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 11ம் நாள் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது.

Feastday: February 11

Paschal was the son of Bonosus, a Roman. He studied at the Lateran, was named head of St. Stephen's monastery, which housed pilgrims to Rome, and was elected Pope to succeed Pope Stephen IV (V) on the day Stephen died, January 25, 817. Emperor Louis the Pious agreed to respect papal jurisdiction, but when Louis' son Lothair I came to Rome in 823 to be consecrated king, he broke the pact by presiding at a trial involving a group of nobles opposing the Pope. When the two papal officials who had testified for the nobles were found blinded and murdered, Paschal was accused of the crime. He denied any complicity but refused to surrender the murderers, who were members of his household, declaring that the two dead officials were traitors and the secular authorities had no jurisdiction in the case. The result was the Constitution of Lothair, severely restricting papal judicial and police powers in Italy. Paschal was unsuccessful in attempts to end the iconoclast heresy of Emperor Leo V, encouraged SS. Nicephorous and Theodore Studites in Constantinople to resist iconoclasm, and gave refuge to the many Greek monks who fled to Rome to escape persecution from the iconoclasts. Paschal built and redecorated many churches in Rome and transferred many relics from the catacombs to churches in the city. Although listed in the Roman Martyrology, he has never been formally canonized. His feast day is February 11.

Pope Paschal I (Latin: Paschalis I; died 824) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 January 817 to his death in 824.

Paschal was a member of an aristocratic Roman family. Before his election to the papacy, he was abbot of St. Stephen's monastery, which served pilgrims. In Rome in 823 he·crowned Lothair I as Holy Roman Emperor. He rebuilt a number of churches in Rome, including three basilicas.

Early life

According to the Liber Pontificalis, Paschal was a native of Rome and son of Bonosus and Episcopa Theodora. The Liber Censuum says that Paschal was from the Massimo family, as was his predecessor, Stephen IV.[1]

Pope Leo III placed Paschal in charge of the monastery of St Stephen of the Abyssinians, where his responsibilities included the care of pilgrims visiting Rome.[2] According to early modern accounts, Leo III may have elevated Paschal as the cardinal priest of Santa Prassede.[3] Goodson attributes this account to a "desire to explain the attention that the pope so lavishly and prominently paid to that church later in his career."[3]

Accession

Paschal became pope on 25 January 817, just one day after the sudden death of Stephen IV.[3] This decision was made without the sanction of Emperor Louis the Pious. Paschal began his pontificate apologizing for this slight, stressing that the office had been thrust upon him.[4] He claimed that the decision had been made to avoid factional strife in Rome. According to the Liber Pontificalis, Pope Paschal's legate Theodore returned with a document titled Pactum cum Pashali pontiff, in which the emperor congratulated Paschal, recognized his sovereignty over the Papal States, and guaranteed the free election of future pontiffs.[5] This document has since been challenged by historians as a forgery.[6]

Papacy

At first, Emperor Louis confirmed the agreement reached in Rheims with Paschal's predecessor, Stephen IV, and detailed in the document Pactum Ludovicanum about free papal elections and noninterference in Church affairs unless officially asked for help. The two worked together to send Archbishop Ebbo of Rheims to evangelize the Danes in 822.[4]

On Easter Sunday of 823, Paschal crowned and anointed Louis's son Lothair I. Lothair was less amenable to cooperating with the Papal Curia than his father. He held a court and declared Farfa Abbey, just north of Rome, exempt from papal taxation. Paschal's aristocratic opponents in the papal palace, especially his former legate, Theodore, and his son-in-law, Leo, who turned to the young leader of the Franks for support in their opposition to Paschal.[2] The decision outraged the Roman nobility and led to an uprising against the authority of the Roman Curia in northern Italy led by Theodore and Leo. The revolt was quickly suppressed, and two of its leaders were seized, blinded, and afterwards beheaded by members of the papal household. Paschal denied any involvement, but the Emperor remained suspicious and sent two commissioners to investigate. Paschal refused to submit to the authority of the imperial court, but he did take an oath of purgation before a synod of thirty-four bishops.[4] The commissioners returned to Aachen, and Emperor Louis let the matter drop.

Construction projects

Paschal gave shelter to exiled monks from the Byzantine Empire who had fled persecution for their opposition to iconoclasm. He both offered the exiled Byzantine mosaic artists work decorating churches in Rome[5] and wrote to Louis the Pious[7] and the Byzantine emperor Leo the Armenian in support of those who opposed iconoclasm.[4]

Paschal rebuilt three basilicas of Rome: Santa Prassede, Santa Maria in Domnica, and Santa Cecilia in Trastevere.[8] These churches contain mosaics with lifelike portraits of Paschal.[4] Paschal is credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus and translating it to the rebuild the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. Paschal also undertook significant renovations on Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.[9] In addition, Paschal added two oratories to Old St. Peter's Basilica, SS. Processus et Martinianus and SS. Xistus et Fabianus, which did not survive the 16th century renovation of St. Peter's.[10]

Paschal is also sometimes credited with the renovation of Santo Stefano del Cacco in early modern sources, but this renovation was actually undertaken by Pope Paschal II.[11]

According to Goodson, Paschal "used church-building to express the authority of the papacy as an independent state."[12]

Death

Paschal died on 11 February 824. The Roman Curia refused him the honour of burial within St. Peter's Basilica because of his harsh government of the Roman people.[4] He was instead buried in the Basilica of Santa Prassede, which also contains the famous Episcopa Theodora mosaic of his mother.[15]

Paschal was canonized in the late sixteenth-century. His feast day in the Roman calendar prior to 1963 was 14 May.[4] It is currently celebrated on 11 February.

Our Lady of Lourdes

† இன்றைய திருவிழா †

(ஃபெப்ரவரி 11)

✠ தூய லூர்து அன்னை ✠

(Our Lady of Lourdes)

இடம்:

லூர்து, ஃபிரான்ஸ்

(Lourdes, France)

சாட்சிகள்:

புனிதர் பெர்னதெத் சூபிரஸ்

(Saint Bernadette Soubirous)

வகை:

மரியாளின் தரிசனங்கள்

(Marian apparition)

கத்தோலிக்க ஏற்பு: ஜூலை 3, 1862

திருத்தந்தை ஒன்பதாம் பயஸ்

(Pope Pius IX)

திருத்தலம்:

லூர்து அன்னை திருத்தலம், லூர்து நகர், ஃபிரான்ஸ்

(Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, Lourdes, France)

பாதுகாவல்:

லூர்து நகர் (Lourdes), ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France),

தென் கொரியா, (South Korea), நோயாளிகள்,

லான்காஸ்டர் மறை மாவட்டம் (Diocese of Lancaster), நோய்களிலிருந்து பாதுகாவல் (Protection from Diseases)

திருவிழா நாள்: ஃபெப்ரவரி 11

தூய லூர்து அன்னை என்ற பெயர், ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டின் லூர்து நகரில் கி.பி. 1858ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 11ம் நாள் முதல், ஜூலை மாதம், 16ம் நாள் வரை “பெர்னதெத் சூபிரஸ்” (Bernadette Soubirous) என்ற சிறுமிக்கு அன்னை மரியாள் அளித்த திருக்காட்சியின் அடிப்படையில் அவருக்கு வழங்கப்படுகின்ற பெயராகும். இந்த உலகின் பல்வேறு இடங்களில் மரியன்னை அளித்த சிறப்பு வாய்ந்த திருக்காட்சிகளில் ஒன்றாக லூர்து நகர் திருக்காட்சியும் விளங்குகிறது. லூர்து அன்னையின் திருவிழா ஃபெப்ரவரி 11ம் தேதி கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது.

மரியாளின் திருக்காட்சிகள்:

ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டின் லூர்து நகரில் பிறந்தவர் பெர்னதெத் சூபிரஸ். இவருக்கு 14 வயது நடந்தபோது, கி.பி. 1858ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 11ம் தேதி, இவர் தனது சகோதரி மற்றும் தோழியுடன் விறகு பொறுக்க சென்றார். அவர்கள் மசபியேல் குகை அருகே சென்று கொண்டிருந்த வேளையில், பெர்னதெத் ஒரு காட்சியைக் கண்டார்.

அன்னை மரியாள் ஓர் இளம் பெண்ணாக அந்த குகையில் தோன்றினார். அவர் வெண்ணிற ஆடையும், முக்காடும் அணிந்திருந்தார். அவர் நீல நிறத்தில் இடைக் கச்சையை உடுத்தியிருந்தார். கையில் முத்துகளால் ஆன ஒரு செபமாலை வைத்திருந்தார். அவரது காலடியில் காட்டு ரோஜா செடிகள் காணப்பட்டன. அவர் கைகளைக் கூப்பி வானத்தை நோக்கியவாறு இருந்தார். பெர்னதெத் தன்னுடன் வந்த இருவரிடமும் "அதோ பாருங்கள் மிகவும் அழகான ஓர் இளம்பெண்" என்று கூறினார். இவரது சகோதரிக்கும் தோழிக்கும் எதுவும் தெரியவில்லை.

பெர்னதெத் அன்னையின் முதல் திருக்காட்சியைக் கண்டபோது, மரியாள் அவரை மேலும் சில நாட்கள் அதே இடத்திற்கு வரச் சொன்னார். மரியாளின் வார்த்தைகளை ஏற்று, பெர்னதெத்தும் அங்கு சென்றார். ஃபெப்ரவரி மாதம், 18ம் தேதி, மரியாளைக் கண்டு பெர்னதெத் பரவச நிலையில் இருந்ததை அவரோடு சென்றவர்கள் கண்டனர். ஒரு திருக்காட்சியில் மரியன்னை தனக்கு அங்கு ஓர் ஆலயம் கட்டப்பட வேண்டும் என்று கேட்டுக் கொண்டார். பெர்னதெத் அதை பங்கு குருவிடம் சொன்ன போது, அவர் அதற்கான காரணத்தை அறிந்து வருமாறு கூறினார்.

ஃபெப்ரவரி 25ம் தேதி திருக்காட்சியின்போது, மரியாளின் கட்டளையை ஏற்று பெர்னதெத் மண்ணைத் தோண்டியபோது, அந்த இடத்தில் நீரூற்று ஒன்று தோன்றியது. அது பின்பு ஓடையாக மாறி, திருப்பயணிகளை கவர்ந்திழுக்கும் அற்புத இடமாக இன்றும் திகழ்கிறது. மார்ச் மாதம், 25ம் தேதி அன்னை மரியாள் பெர்னதெத்திடம், “நாமே அமல உற்பவம்” ("Que Soy Era Immaculada Concepciou") என்று தம்மைப் பற்றிக் கூறினார். இதற்கு, "பாவம் எதுவுமின்றி பிறந்தவர்" என்பது அர்த்தம்.

மொத்தம் பதினெட்டு முறை பெர்னதெத்துக்கு தரிசனமளித்த மரியன்னை, அவற்றில் 15 திருக்காட்சிகளில் செபமாலையின் மகிழ்ச்சி, துயரம், மகிமை மறைபொருட்களின் 15 மறையுண்மைகளையும் நாளுக்கு ஒன்று என்ற வகையில் பெர்னதெத்தை ஒவ்வொன்றாக தியானித்து செபிக்கச் செய்தார். பெர்னதெத்தின் பின்னே பக்தியுடன் ஒரு கூட்டமும், கிண்டல் செய்யும் நோக்கத்தில் மற்றொரு கூட்டமும் பின் தொடர்ந்தன.

ஏப்ரல் மாதம், 7ம் தேதி, பெர்னதெத் அன்னையின் 16வது திருக்காட்சியைக் கண்டபோது, மருத்துவ ஆய்வுக்காக 15 நிமிடங்கள் இவர் கையை சிலர் தீயினால் சுட்டனர். பெர்னதெத் அதை உணரவும் இல்லை, இவர் கையில் தீக்காயமும் ஏற்படவில்லை. ஜூலை மாதம், 16ம் தேதி அன்னை மரியாளின் கடைசி திருக்காட்சியைக் கண்ட பெர்னதெத், "இதற்கு முன்பாக நான் அவரை இத்தகைய பேரழகோடு கண்டதே இல்லை" என்று கூறினார்.

தரிசன பின்னணி:

கிறிஸ்தவ வரலாற்றில் அன்னை மரியாளின் திருக்காட்சிகள் முதல் நூற்றாண்டு முதலே பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளன. உலகின் பல இடங்களிலும் அன்னையின் திருக்காட்சிகள் நிகழ்ந்துள்ளன. ஒவ்வொரு திருக்காட்சியும் கடவுளின் ஏதேனும் ஒரு செய்தியை வழங்குவதாக விளங்குகிறது. லூர்து நகரின் திருக்காட்சியும் அப்படிப்பட்ட ஒரு திருக்காட்சியாகவே இயற்கைக்கு மேற்பட்ட விதத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது.

திருத்தந்தை 9ம் பயஸ் கி.பி. 1854ம் ஆண்டு, டிசம்பர் மாதம், 8ம் தேதி, "மரியாள், தாம் உற்பவித்த நொடியில் இருந்தே, வல்லமை மிக்க இறைவனின் தனிப்பட்ட அருளினாலும், சிறப்பு சலுகையினாலும், மனித குலத்தின் மீட்பராம் இயேசுவின் பேறுபலன்களினாலும், சென்மப் பாவத்தின் கறைகளிலிருந்து பாதுகாக்கப்பட்டார் என்னும் திருச்சபையின் போதனை இறைவனால் வெளிப்படுத்தப்பட்ட உண்மையாகும். எனவே, இறைமக்கள் இதில் என்றும் தளராத உறுதியான விசுவாசம் கொள்ளவேண்டும்" என்று கூறி, மரியாளின் அமல உற்பவத்தை விசுவாசக் கோட்பாடாக அறிவித்தார். இதை உறுதி செய்யும் வகையிலேயே கன்னி மரியாள் லூர்து நகரில் திருக்காட்சியளித்தார்.

லூர்து அன்னை பேராலயம்:

பெர்னதெத், அன்னை மரியாளின் திருக்காட்சிகளை கண்ட நாட்களிலேயே, லூர்து திருக்காட்சிகளின் உண்மைத் தன்மையை ஆய்வு செய்யும் பணியைத் திருச்சபை அதிகாரிகள் மேற்கொண்டு வந்தனர். மேலும் கி.பி. 1858ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 17ம் தேதி, திருக்காட்சிகளைப் பற்றி ஆராய விசாரணைக் குழு ஒன்றும் அமைக்கப்பட்டது. இறுதியாக கி.பி. 1862ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், 18ம் தேதி, டர்பெஸ் மறைமாவட்ட ஆயர் லாரன்ஸ், "பெர்னதெத் சூபிரசுக்கு கன்னி மரியாள் தரிசனம் தந்தபோது, இயற்கைக்கு மேற்பட்ட இறைவனின் செயல்பாடுகள் நிகழ்ந்தது உண்மையே" என்று அறிவித்தார். திருத்தந்தை 9ம் பயஸ், லூர்து அன்னையின் வணக்கத்திற்கு அனுமதி வழங்கினார். இதன் மூலம் லூர்து நகர், அன்னை மரியாளின் பக்தர்கள் வந்து செல்லும் புனித இடமாக மாறியது.

அதன் பிறகு அன்னை மரியாள் திருக்காட்சியளித்த மசபியேல் குகையின் அருகே, மரியாளின் பெயரில் பெரிய ஆலயம் ஒன்று கட்டி எழுப்பப்பட்டது. காட்சியின்போது தோன்றிய நீரூற்றும், பெரிய ஓடையாக மாறி ஆற்றில் கலப்பதுடன், நம்பிக்கையோடு அதன் நீரைப் பருகுவோருக்கு குணமளிக்கும் மருந்தாகவும் செயல்படுகிறது. ஆண்டுதோறும் உலகெங்கும் இருந்து இலட்சக்கணக்கான திருப்பயணிகள் லூர்து அன்னை பேராலயத்தை நாடிச் செல்கின்றனர்.

செபிப்போம்:

"நாமே மாசில்லா உற்பவம்" என்று திருவாய் மலர்ந்த அன்னையே!

எம்மையும், எம் குடும்பத்தையும், இச்சமூகத்தையும், உம்மை விசுவசிக்காத சகோதர்களையும் உமது பொற்பாதத்தில் ஒப்படைகிறோம்!

உலக மாந்தரனைவரினதும் அன்புத்தாயே!

உம்மையே தஞ்சமென ஓடிவரும் அடியோர் மேலே தயவாயிரும் அம்மா!

கருணையின் ஊற்றுக்கண்ணான மாதாவே!

நீர் பரிந்துரைத்தால் தண்ணீரும் இரசமாகும் என்பதனை உளமார உணர்ந்து விசுவசிக்கும் எம்மை கரம் பிடித்து வழி நடத்துமம்மா!

எல்லையில்லாத உமது திருஇருதயத்தின் அன்பால் எம்மைக் காக்கும் அதிதூய இறை அன்னையே!

உமது திருவயிற்றின் கனியாகிய இயேசுவின் திருவார்த்தைகளின் வழிநடக்க எமக்கு கற்றுத் தாருமம்மா!

லோக நாயகியே! ஆரோக்கிய அன்னையே! சகாய தாயே! அடைக்கல மாதாவே! பனிமய அன்னையே! சந்தன மாதாவே! மடு மாதாவே! செல்வ மாதாவே! பெரிய நாயகி அன்னையே! அதிசய மணல் மாதாவே! அதிசய மின்னல் மாதாவே! பூண்டி புதுமை அன்னையே! லூர்து அன்னையே! காணிக்கை மாதாவே! ஜெபமாலை அன்னையே!

நீர் அருளித்தந்த செபமாலையை நாங்கள் விட்டுவிடாதிருக்கும் வரமருளும் அம்மா!

† ஆமென் †

மாசில்லாக் கன்னியே, மாதாவே உம்மேல்...

நேசமில்லாதவர் நீசரே ஆவார்...

வாழ்க, வாழ்க, வாழ்க மரியே...

Profile

The memorial commemorates the eighteen (18) apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Saint Bernadette Soubiroux that occurred between 11 February and 16 July of 1858 near the town of Lourdes in the Hautes-Pyrenees region of France. Though there would be other people with her, only Saint Bernadette could see the Lady.

During the 9th appearance, on 25 February, the Lady told Bernadette to drink from a spring that suddenly appeared in the grotto where the apparitions occurred. During the 12th appearance, on 1 March, a visitor washed her arm in water from the spring, and some nerve damage in it was immediately cured. There is a tradition of miraculous cures at the grotto, or received by those who drink or are bathed in its waters. Bernadette later said that the water had no special properties, but it helped focus the faithful who received the cures through faith and prayer.

During the 13th appearance, on 2 March, the Lady told Bernadette to tell local priests that they should build a chapel at the grotto, and have processions to be made to it; the priests were understandably skeptical, but due to the numbers of pilgrims coming to the area, construction of several churches was started within a few years.

During the 16th appearance, on 25 March, the Lady identified herself as "the Immaculate Conception".

Due to the number of people gathering at the site, and making treks to the area, on 8 June 1858, the mayor of Lourdes barricaded the grotto and stationed guards to prevent public access; visitors were fined for kneeling near the grotto or talking about it, and Bernadette saw the last appearance of the Lady from outside the barricade. The grotto was re-opened to the public in October 1858 by order of Emperor Louis Napoleon III, and the pilgrims have not stopped coming since.

Approval

• on 18 January 1862 Bishop Bertrand-Sévère Mascarou-Laurence, with the authorization of Pope Pius IX, declared that the faithful are "justified in believing the reality of the apparition"

• national French pilgrimages to the site began in 1873

• the basilica of Notre-Dame de Lourdes was consecrated in 1876

• Pope Pius IX formally granted a canonical coronation to the statue of Our Lady in the courtyard of the basilica on 3 July 1876

• Church of the Rosary consecrated in 1901

• a special office and Mass were authorized by Pope Leo XIII

• observance of the feast extended to the whole Church by Pope Pius X in 1907

Patronage

• sick people

• France

• Tennessee

• Lancaster, England, diocese of

• 5 cities

World Day of the Sick

Profile

A feast instituted on 13 May 1992 by Pope John Paul II to be "a special time of prayer and sharing, of offering one's suffering". The date of the feast, 11 February, was chosen to coincide with that of Our Lady of Lourdes as there have been so many healings reported at the shrine and through Our Lady's intercession. Pope Benedict XVI announced his resignation on this feast day in 2013, citing his declining health as his reason.

Saint Caedmon

Also known as

Cædmon, Cadfan, Cedmon

Profile

A layman cowherd, in his later years he came to work with animals at the double monastery of Whitby. One night in 657 he received a vision which commanded him to glorify God with hymns, and which gave him the poetic skills to do so. As he was illiterate, the brothers would read the Bible to Caedmon, and he would repeat it back to them as poetry. With the encouragement of Saint Hilda, Whitby's abbess, he became a Columban lay brother. First known poet of vernacular English. His story was recorded by Saint Bede. Miracles attributed to his intercession.

Born

• in the British Isles

• may have been Celtic

Died

• c.670 at Whitby, Yorkshire North Riding, England of natural causes

• probably buried at Whitby

Blessed Tobias Francisco Borrás Román

Also known as

• Francisco Borrás Romeu

• Tobias Borrás Román

• Tobias Borrás Romeu

Additional Memorial

24 November (listed on some calendars due to confusion over the date of his death in some of the beatification paperwork)

Profile

Married in 1884 at age 23, he became a widower when his wife died in the cholera epidemic of 1885–1886. He joined the religious in the Hospitallers of Saint John of God in 1887. He served in Hospitaller communities in the Spanish cities of Ciempozuelos, Zaragoza, Carabanche Alto and Granada where his superiors noted his generous spirit and willingness to work.

As part of the anti–Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War, Brother Tobias was imprisoned in Ciempozuelos and then transferred to San Antón in Madrid, Spain. Due to his age and failing health, he was eventually released. He travelled to Valencia, Spain, planning to joined up with the Malvarrosa Hospitallers community - unaware that they had all already been murdered. He knocked on the door their house, was recognized by the militia as another Hospitaller, and shot down. Martyr.

Born

14 April 1861 in San Jorge, Castellón, Spain

Died

shot on 11 February 1937 at the Hospitaller community just outside the city of Valencia, Spain

Beatified

25 October 1992 by Pope John Paul II

Pope Saint Gregory II

Also known as

• Gregory the Younger

• Gregory Junior

Profile

Involved in Church affairs from an early age. Pope Saint Sergius I ordained Gregory a sub-deacon. He served the next four popes as treasurer of the Church, then librarian. Assigned important missions. Accompanied Pope Constantine to Constantinople for discussions with Emperor Justinian II.

Elected 89th pope in 715. He held synods to correct abuses, stopped heresy and promoted discipline and morality in religious and clerical life. Rebuilt a great portion of the walls of Rome, Italy to protect the city against the Lombards. Restored churches, cared for the sick and aged, re-established monasteries and abbeys. Consecrated Saint Boniface and Saint Corbinian as missionary bishops to the tribes in Germany. English pilgrims increased to the point that they required a church, cemetery, and school of their own.

In his dealings with Emperor Leo III, Gregory's showed strength and patience. Leo demanded destruction of holy images. When bishops failed to convince him of his error, they disobeyed and appealed to the Pope. Gregory tried to change the emperor's thinking, counseled the people to maintain allegiance to the prince, and encouraged the bishops to oppose the heresy. It appears he won out.

Born

669 at Rome, Italy

Papal Ascension

19 May 715

Died

11 February 731 at Rome, Italy of natural causes

Pope Saint Paschal I

Profile

Son of Bonosus. Studied at the Lateran Basilica in Rome, Italy. Benedictine monk. Abbot of Saint Stephen's monastery, which was near the Vatican, and which housed pilgrims to Rome. Elected 98th pope in 817.

Defended the Greeks against iconoclastic emperors, and sheltered refugees from the iconoclast persecutions. Supported Saint Nicephorous and Saint Theodore Studites. Enshrined the relics of Saint Caecilia and other martyrs.

When two papal officials were found blinded and murdered, Paschal was accused of the crime. He was not involved, but the murderers were members of his household, and he refused to surrender them, claiming that the victims were traitors, and that secular authorities had no jurisdiction over events that occurred within the Vatican. The dispute resulted in the Constitution of Lothair, which set specific limits on the law enforement and judicial powers of the pope.

Born

at Rome, Italy

Papal Ascension

25 January 817

Died

824

Blessed Henry of Vitskøl

Profile

Cistercian monk at the abbey of Clairvaux. Spiritual student of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Like many others from that house, he went out to establish other houses, and c.1150 travelled to the Nordic countries. There he became abbot of Varnhem Abbey in Sweden, but when Queen Christina Björnsdotter sought to take over their property, Henry left to seek help from other houses. He reached Roskilde, Zealand, Denmark during a synod led by Archbishop Eskil of Lund. Eskil was so impressed with Henry, and so sympathetic to his problem, that he recommended him to lead a monastery that King Valdemar was planning to build. Henry became the first abbot of Vitskøl Abbey, and brought many of his harassed brothers from Sweden to live there. Most eventually returned to Varnhem when the pressures against their house ended, but Henry continued to lead the house of Vitskøl, making it a regional center of piety and learning, and a source of medical herbs.

Born

12th century France

Blessed Anselm of Rot an der Rot

Also known as

Anselm of Steingaden

Profile

Soldier. Premonstratensian monk. Canon at the monastery of Mönchsrot in Rot an der Rot near Memmingen, Oberschwaben, Baden-Württemberg (in modern Germany). Spiritual student of Blessed Odino of Rot. Founding abbot of the monastery in Steingaden, Weilheim-Schongau, Bavaria (in modern Germany) in 1147; it became a center for learning, and was known for the piety of its monks, and their strict adherence to the Premonstratensian Rule.

Born

12th century Germany

Died

11 February 1162 in Steingaden, Bavaria, Germany

Saint Pedro de Jesús Maldonado-Lucero

Additional Memorial

21 May as one of the Martyrs of the Mexican Revolution

Profile

Parish priest in Santa Isabel, archdiocese of Chihuáhua, Mexico. Beaten and martyred in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Mexican Revolution.

Born

15 June 1892 in Chihuáhua City, Chihuáhua, Mexico

Died

11 February 1937 in Chihuáhua City, Chihuáhua, Mexico from a gunshot in the forehead the day before

Canonized

21 May 2000 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Etchen of Clonfad

Also known as

Echen, Ecian, Eciano, Éidchéan, Etchenius

Profile

Monk. Founded a monastery in Clonfad, Leinster, Ireland, and served as its abbot. Bishop, based at the monastery. Ordained Saint Columba of Iona; legend says that Columba was so eager to start his vocation that Etchen had to stop in the middle of plowing a field to perform the ordination.

Born

490 in Ireland

Died

• 11 February 577 of natural causes

• buried in the cemetery at Clonfad, Ireland

• some relics in the church at Clonfad

Saint Lucius of Adrianople

Also known as

• Lucius of Edirne

• Lucius of Odrin

• Lucius of Edrêne

• Lucius of Jedrene

• Lucius of Hadrianopolis

Profile

Bishop of Adrianople. Spoke zealously against Arianism at the Council of Sardica in 343; the feelings against orthodox Catholics were so strong that the Arian emperor Constantius agreed that Lucius was under the protection of Pope Julius before the bishop could return home after the Council. However, he and many of his flock were later martyred by Arians.

Died

c.348 in the diocese of Adrianople (modern Edirne, Turkey)

Saint Gobnata

Also known as

Abigail, Albina, Deborah, Gobnat, Gobnet, Gobnait

Profile

Sixth century abbess of a convent at in Ballyvourney, Ireland. A holy well there that is named for her still exists. Legend says that she found the site of the convent by chasing a white deer; an angel told her to follow it until she found a herd of nine white deer and found her house there.

Videos

YouTube PlayList

Blessed Helwisa

Also known as

Elisa, Eloisa, Heloise, Helvisa

Profile

Born to the French nobility. Married to Count Hugh of Meulan. Widowed. Donated a large part of her inheritance to the nearby Benedictine abbey of Notre-Dame in Coulombs, France. She married again but was soon widowed a second time and decided to renounce all worldly life. She spent the rest of her days as an anchoress in a cell attached the basilica and under the spiritual direction of the abbey in Coulombs, but never joined the Order.

Died

• c.1060 of natural causes

• relics enshrined in the abbey at Coulombs, France

Saint Theodora the Empress

Profile

Empress, married to the brutal and thuggish Emperor Theophilus; mother of Emperor Michael III. Widowed, she immediately put an end to the iconoclast persecutions. She governed the empire for 12 years but was banished when her drunken son took the throne, and spent the last eight years of her life in a monastery.

Died

867 of natural causes

Saint Castrensis of Capua

Also known as

• Castrensis of Sessa

• Castrense, Castrese, Castrenze

Profile

Bishop exiled from Africa to Italy in the 5th century by Arian Vandals. Bishop of Capua, Italy.

Died

relics at Capua, Italy and in Monreale, Sicily

Patronage

• Castel Volturno, Italy

• Marano di Napoli, Italy

• Monreale, Italy

Blessed Gaudencia Benavides Herrero

Profile

Nun in the Archdiocese of Madrid, Spain. Member of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

12 February 1878 in Valdemorillo, León, Spain

Died

11 February 1937 in Vistillas, Madrid, Spain

Beatified

27 October 2013 by Pope Benedict XVI

Blessed Bartholomew of Olmedo

Profile

Mercedarian priest. The first missionary priest in Mexico, arriving in 1516, travelling with Cortés and working with the Aztecs.

Died

• November 1524 in Mexico

• buried in Santiago de Tlaltelolco

Saint Severinus of Agaunum

Profile

Born to the nobility, and taught orthodox Christianity during the period of the Arian heresy. Monk. Abbot in Agaunum (modern Saint-Maurice-en-Valais, Switzerland).

Born

Burgundy, France

Died

c.507

Blessed Pietro of Cuneo

Also known as

Pietro de 'Pasquali

Profile

Franciscan friar. Travelling preacher in the regions of Piedmont in modern Italy, Provence in modern France, and then into Spain where he met with resistance from heretics. Martyr.

Born

Cuneo, Italy

Died

11 February 1322 in Valencia, Spain

Saint Calocerus of Ravenna

Also known as

Calogero, Caio, Calocero

Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Apollinaris of Ravenna. Bishop of Ravenna, Italy.

Born

Greek

Died

c.130

Saint Ardanus of Tournus

Also known as

Ardagne, Ardagno, Ardagnus, Ardaing, Ardan

Profile

Benedictine monk. Abbot at Tournus, diocese of Autun, France. Restored monastic buildings there, and cared for the local people during the famine of 1030 to 1033.

Died

1058 of natural causes

Saint Simplicius I of Vienne

Also known as

Silplicius, Simplice, Simplicidius, Simplicio, Simplides, Simplidis

Profile

Bishop of Vienne in the Dauphiné in southeast France in 398, serving the remaining 19 years of his life. Martyred by pagan Germans.

Died

417

Saint Soter of Rome

Also known as

Sotere, Soteris, Sotra

Profile

Young woman martyred for refusing to sacrifice to idols. Related to Saint Ambrose of Milan who wrote about her.

Born

Rome, Italy

Died

beheaded on 11 February 305 on the Via Appia, Rome, Italy

Saint Victoria of Carthage

Profile

During the persecutions of Diocletian, Victoria refused a marriage in order to devote herself to religious life. Exposed as a Christian, she was executed. Martyr.

Died

c.304 in Carthage, North Africa (modern Tunis, Tunisia)

Saint Davitus the Senator

Profile

Imperial Roman Senator. One of a group of 46 Christians arrested in Albitina, North Africa during Mass, shipped to Carthage for judgment and torture, and then died together in prison. Martyr.

Died

304

Saint Felix the Senator

Profile

Imperial Roman Senator. One of a group of 46 Christians arrested in Albitina, North Africa during Mass, shipped to Carthage for judgment and torture, and then died together in prison. Martyr.

Died

304

Saint Eutropius of Adrianopolis

Profile

Bishop of Adrianopolis, Paphlagonia, Asia Minor (modern Edirne, Turkey). Stories about him are confused, but all agree that he opposed Arianism and was persecuted by Arians.

Saint Jonas of Muchon

Profile

Fourth century monk at Demeskenyanos, Egypt. Spiritual student of Saint Pachomius of Tabenna. A gardener by day, a rope plaiter by night, he worked for his monastic community for 84 years.

Saint Desideratus of Clermont

Also known as

Desiderato, Désirat, Desiratus, Désiré

Profile

Sixth century bishop of Clermont, Auvergne, France.

Blessed Elizabeth Salviati

Profile

Camaldolese nun. Abbess at the convent of San Giovanni Evangelista di Boldrone in Florence, Italy.

Born

Italy

Died

1519

Saint Saturninus of Africa

Profile

Priest. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

c.303 in Carthage in north Africa

Saint Secundus of Puglia

Also known as

• Secundus of Apulia

• Secundino

Profile

Fifth and sixth century bishop in the region of Puglia, Italy.

Saint Ampelius of Africa

Profile

Martyr in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

c.303 in Carthage in north Africa

Guardians of the Holy Scriptures

Also known as

• Anonymous Martyrs in Africa

• Martyrs of Africa

• Martyrs of Numidia

• Martyrs of the Holy Books

Profile

A large number of Christians tortured and murdered in Numidia (part of modern Algeria) during the persecutions of Diocletian, but whose names and individual stories have not survived. They were ordered to surrender their sacred books to be burned. They refused. Martyrs.

Died

c.303 in Numidia

Martyrs of Africa

Profile

A group of five Christians who were martyred together; we know nothing else but the names of four of them - Cyriacus, Oecominius, Peleonicus and Zoticus.