Servites
மரியாளின் ஊழியர்கள் சபையின் ஏழு நிறுவனர்கள்
(Seven Founders of the Servite Order)
வகை:
அர்ப்பண வாழ்க்கை நிறுவனம் (Mendicant Order (Institute of Consecrated Life)
மரியான் பக்தி சமுதாயம் (Marian Devotional Society)
உருவாக்கம்: ஆகஸ்ட் 15, 1233
உலகின் வசதி வாய்ப்புள்ள ஏதேனும் ஒரு நகரிலுள்ள ஏழு முக்கிய பிரமுகர்கள் ஒன்றுசேர்ந்து, தங்கள் வீடுகளையும், உத்தியோகங்களையும் விட்டுவிட்டு, நேரடியாக கடவுளுக்கு சேவை செய்வதற்காக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு வாழ்க்கைக்காக தனிமையில் வாழப் போகிறார்கள் என்று நினைக்க இயலுகிறதா? ஆனால், கி.பி. 13ம் நூற்றாண்டின் மத்தியில், இத்தாலி நாட்டின் மேற்கு-மத்திய பிராந்தியமான “டுஸ்கனியின்” (Tuscany) வளர்ந்த, வளமான, பணக்கார தலைநகரான “ஃபுளோரன்ஸ்” (Florence) நகரில் இதுதான் நடந்தது. அரசியல் சச்சரவுகளாலும், "கத்தாரியின்" (Catharism) மதங்களுக்கு எதிரான கொள்கைகளாலும் சின்னாபின்னமாகியிருந்த அக்காலத்தில் அறநெறிகள் குறைவாகவும், சமயங்களும் ஆன்மீக உணர்வுகளும் அர்த்தமற்றதாகவும் தோன்றியது.
கி.பி. 1240ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபுளோரன்ஸ் நகரின் பிரபுக்கள் குடும்பங்களைச் சேர்ந்த எழுவர், பிரார்த்தனைகள் மூலம் கடவுளுக்கு நேரடி சேவை செய்யும் நோக்கில், நகரையும் தமது குடும்பங்களையும் விட்டு விலகி, தனிமை வாழ்வு வாழ பரஸ்பரம் முடிவு செய்தனர். அவர்களது ஆரம்ப பிரச்சினையே, தம்மைச் சார்ந்திருப்பவர்களுக்கு செய்ய வேண்டிய கடமைகளே. காரணம், அவர்களில் இருவர் ஏற்கனவே திருமணமானவர்கள். இருவர் திருமணமாகி, மனைவியை இழந்தவர்கள். அவர்களின் நோக்கமே, தவம் மற்றும் பிரார்த்தனைகளுடனான ஒரு வாழ்க்கை வாழ்வதேயாம். ஆனால், விரைவிலேயே அவர்கள் ஃபுளோரன்ஸ் நகரிலிருந்து தம்மை அடிக்கடி காண வந்த பார்வையாளர்களால் தொந்தரவை உணர்ந்தனர். பின்னர் அவர்கள், “வக்லியா” (Vaglia) எனுமிடத்திலுள்ள “மான்டே செனரியோ” (Monte Senario) துறவு மடத்தின் வனாந்தரமான சரிவுகளுக்கு திரும்பினர்.
கி.பி. 1244ம் ஆண்டு, தூய பீட்டரின் (Saint Peter of Verona) வழிகாட்டுதலின்படி, இச்சிறிய குழு, டொமினிக்கன் சபையினரின் துறவற சீருடையைப் போன்ற சீருடையை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டனர். தூய அகுஸ்தினாரின் (St. Augustine) சட்ட விதிகளின்படி வாழ முடிவு செய்தனர். “மரியாளின் ஊழியர்கள்” (Servants of Mary) எனும் பெயரை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார். அதன் குறிக்கோள்கள், அதன் உறுப்பினர்களின் புனிதத்துவமும், நற்செய்தியைப் பிரசங்கிப்பதும், கடவுளின் அதிதூய தாயாரான கன்னி மரியாளின் வியாகுலங்களுக்கு முக்கியத்துவம் தந்து, அவரது பக்தியை பரப்புவதுமாகும்.
ஆரம்பத்திலிருந்தே இச்சபையின் உறுப்பினர்கள், வியாகுல அன்னை மரியாளுக்கு தம்மை அர்ப்பணித்திருந்தனர். இயேசுவின் அன்னைக்கு தமது பக்தியை அர்ப்பணித்த இவர்கள், அன்னை மரியாளின் விருந்தோம்பல் மற்றும் இரக்கத்தினை தமது முத்திரையாக ஏற்றுக்கொண்டனர்.
“மரியாளின் ஊழியர்கள் சபையின்" (Servite Order) ஏழு நிறுவனர்கள் (Seven Holy Founders):
1. புனிதர் போன்ஃபிளியஸ் (St. Buonfiglio dei Monaldi (Bonfilius)
2. புனிதர் பொனஜுன்க்டா (St. Giovanni di Buonagiunta (Bonajuncta)
3. புனிதர் பார்டொலொமியஸ் (St. Amadeus of the Amidei (Bartolomeus)
4. புனிதர் ஹூக் (St. Ricovero dei Lippi-Ugguccioni (Hugh)
5. புனிதர் மனேட்டஸ் (Benedetto dell' Antella (Manettus)
6. புனிதர் சோஸ்டென் (Gherardino di Sostegno (Sostene)
7. புனிதர் அலெக்ஸியஸ் (St. Alessio de' Falconieri (Alexius)
கி.பி. 1888ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், பதினைந்தாம் நாளன்று, திருத்தந்தை “பதின்மூன்றாம் லியோ” (Pope Leo XIII), இவர்களனைவரையும் புனிதர்களாக அருட்பொழிவு செய்வித்தார்.
Also known as
• Confraternity of Our Lady
• Order of Servants of Mary
• Servant Friars
• The Seven Holy Founders
About
Named the fifth mendicant order by Pope Martin V, it was founded in 1233 by
• Saint Alexis Falconieri
• Saint Bartholomew degli Amidei
• Saint Benedict dell'Antella
• Saint Buonfiglio Monaldi
• Saint Gherardino Sostegni
• Saint Hugh dei Lippi-Uguccioni
• Saint John Buonagiunta Monetti
On the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1240 the Founders received a vision of Our Lady. She held in her hand the black habit, and a nearby angel bore a scroll reading Servants of Mary. Mary told them,
"You will found a new order, and you will be my witnesses throughout the world. This is your name: Servants of Mary. This is your rule: that of Saint Augustine. And here is your distinctive sign: the black scapular, in memory of my sufferings."
From their first establishment at La Camarzia, near Florence, Italy, they removed to the more secluded Monte Senario where the Blessed Virgin herself conferred on them their habit, instructing them to follow the Rule of Saint Augustine and to admit associates. Official approval was obtained in 1249; confirmed in 1256; suppressed in 1276; definitely approved in 1304; and again by Brief in 1928. The order was so rapidly diffused that by 1285 there were 10,000 members with houses in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, and early in the 14th century it numbered 100 convents, besides missions in Crete and India. The Reformation reduced the order in Germany, but it flourished elsewhere. Again meeting with political reverses in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it nevertheless prospered, being established in England in 1867, and in America in 1870. The Servites take solemn vows and venerate in a special manner the Seven Dolors of Our Lady. They cultivate both the interior and the active life, giving missions and teaching.
An affiliation, professing exclusively the contemplative life is that of the Hermits of Monte Senario. Reinstated in France, 1922. Cloistered nuns, forming a Second Order, have been affiliated with the Servites since 1619 when Blessed Benedicta di Rossi called the nuns of her community Servite Hermitesses. They have been established in England, Spain, Italy, the Tyrol, and Germany.
A Third Order, the Mantellate, founded by Saint Juliana Falconieri under Saint Philip Benizi, c.1284, has houses in Italy, France, Spain, England, Canada, and the United States. Secular tertiaries and a confraternity of the Seven Dolors are other branches.
Canonized
1887 by Pope Leo XIII
Feastday: February 17
St. Manettus
One of the founders of the Servite Order, called Benedict dell' Antella. He is also listed as Manetto and Manetius. He became general of the Order and in 1246 attended the council of lyons, France. Manettus introduced the Servites into France at the request of King St. Louis IX. He resigned the generalate to St. Philip Benizi and retired to Mount Senario, Italy.
The Servite Order, officially known as the Order of Servants of Mary (Latin: Ordo Servorum Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviation: OSM), is one of the five original Catholic mendicant orders. It includes several branches of friars (priests and brothers), contemplative nuns, a congregation of active religious sisters, and lay groups. The Order's objectives are the sanctification of its members, the preaching of the Gospel, and the propagation of devotion to the Mother of God, with special reference to her sorrows. The Servites friars lead a community life in the tradition of the mendicant orders.
Amadeus of the Amidei (d. 1266), one of the seven founders of the Servite Order.
The Order was founded in 1233 CE by "the seven holy founders", each a member of a patrician family of Florence, Italy. These cloth merchants left their city, families, and professions and withdrew to Monte Senario, a mountain outside the city of Florence, for a life of poverty and penance.[1] The seven were: Bonfilius of Florence, born Bonfilius Monaldi (Buonfiglio dei Monaldi); Alexis of Florence, born Alexis Falconieri (Italian: Alessio Falconieri) (1200 – 17 February 1310); Manettus of Florence, born Benedict dell'Antella (Benedetto dell' Antella); Amideus of Florence, born Bartholemew Amidei (died 1266) (also known as Bartolomeo degli Amidei); Hugh of Florence, born Ricovero Uguccioni (Hugh dei Lippi Uggucioni (Ricovero dei Lippi-Ugguccioni)); Sostene of Florence, born Gerardino Sostegni (Gherardino di Sostegno); and Buonagiunta of Florence, born John Manetti (Giovanni di Buonagiunta (Bonajuncta)).[2][3] They were canonized by Pope Leo XIII on 15 January 1888.[4]
Alexis Falconieri (d. 1310), one of the seven founders of the Servite Order.
The members of the Order dedicated themselves to Mary under her title of Mother of Sorrows (Italian: Madonna Addolorata).[4] Dedicating their devotion to the mother of Jesus, they adopted Mary's virtues of hospitality and compassion as the Order's hallmarks.[5] The distinctive spirit of the Order is the sanctification of its members by meditation on the Passion of Jesus and the Sorrows of the Virgin Mary, and spreading abroad this devotion.[6]
The Bishop of Florence, Ardengo Trotti (Ardengo Dei Foraboschi), approved the group as a religious Order sometime between 1240 and 1247. The Servites decided to live by the Rule of St. Augustine, and added to the Rule further guidelines that were the expression of their own Marian devotion and dedication. By 1250 a number of Servites had been ordained to the priesthood, thus creating an Order with priests as well as brothers.[7]
Pope Alexander IV, favored a plan for the amalgamation of all Orders following the Rule of St. Augustine. This was accomplished in March 1256, but about the same time a Rescript was issued confirming the Order of the Servites as a separate body with power to elect a general. Four years later a general chapter was convened at which the Order was divided into two provinces, Tuscany and Umbria, the former being governed by St. Manettus and the latter by St. Sostene. Within five years two new provinces were added, that of Romagna and that of Lombardy.[8]
Centuries of Growth
Philip Benizi de Damiani (1233-1285)
St. Philip Benizi was elected general on 5 June 1267, and afterwards became the great propagator of the order.[6] The Second Council of Lyons in 1274 put into execution the ordinance of the Fourth Lateran Council, forbidding the foundation of new religious orders, and suppressed all mendicant institutions not yet approved by the Holy See. In the year 1276 Pope Innocent V in a letter to St. Philip declared the Order suppressed. St. Philip set off for Rome to appeal the decision, but before his arrival there Innocent V had died. His successor lived only five weeks. Finally Pope John XXI, decided that the Servite Order should continue as before. It was not definitively approved until Pope Benedict XI issued the Bull "Dum levamus" on 11 February 1304. Of the seven founders, St. Alexis alone lived to see their foundation raised to the permanent dignity of an Order. He died in 1310.
On 30 January 1398 Pope Boniface IX granted the Servites the power to confer theological degrees. It was in harmony with the tradition thus established that many centuries later the Order established the Marianum faculty in Rome.[9]
The new foundation enjoyed considerable growth in the following decades. Already in the thirteenth century there were houses of the Order in Germany, France, and Spain. By the early years of the fourteenth century the Order had more than one hundred houses in locations including Hungary, Bohemia, Austria, Poland, and what later became Belgium. In subsequent periods came missions in Crete, the Philippines (St. Peregrine-Philippine Vicariate), and India.
European Contraction
The disturbances which arose during the Protestant Reformation caused the loss of many Servite houses in Germany, but in the south of France the Order met with much success. The Convent of Santa Maria in Via was the second house of the order established in Rome (1563), San Marcello al Corso having been founded in the city in 1369. Beginning in the early part of the eighteenth century the Order sustained a series of losses and confiscations from which it has yet to recover. A first blow fell upon the flourishing Province of Narbonne, which was almost totally destroyed by the plague which swept Marseilles in 1720. Thanks to secularizing inroads made by the Enlightenment, in 1783 the Servites were expelled from Prague and in 1785 the Emperor Joseph II desecrated the shrine of Maria Waldrast. The French Revolution and ensuing hostilities throughout western Europe caused widespread losses. Ten houses were suppressed in Spain in 1835.
After the seizure of Rome under the Italian Risorgimento in 1870, the government of Italy closed the Servite house of studies in the city, along with many other papal institutions. The institute was re-founded as the College of Sant Alessio Falcioneri in 1895.
New Expansion
After a gap of 25 years, in 1895 the house of studies in Rome was re-founded as the College of Sant Alessio Falcioneri. This development went hand in hand at this period with other initiatives and a new foundation was made at Brussels in 1891 and the Order was introduced into England and United States, chiefly through the efforts of the Servite Fathers Bosio and Morini. The latter, having gone to London in 1864 as director of the affiliated Congregation of the Sisters of Compassion, obtained charge of a parish from Archbishop Manning in 1867. The work prospered and besides St. Mary's Priory in London, convents were opened at Bognor Regis (1882) and Begbroke (1886). In 1870 Fathers Morini, Ventura, Giribaldi, and Brother Joseph Camera, at the request of Bishop Joseph Melcher of Green Bay, Wisconsin, took up a mission in America, at Neenah. Father Morini founded at Chicago (1874) the monastery of Our Lady of Sorrows. A novitiate was opened at Granville, Wisconsin in 1892 and an American province was formally established in 1908.
Twentieth century
The order continued to expand geographically throughout the twentieth century, taking responsibility for missions in Swaziland in 1913, Acre in Brazil in 1919, Aisén in Chile in 1937, and Zululand in South Africa. It also made foundations in Argentina from 1914 and more solidly since 1921; Transvaal in South Africa since 1935, Uruguay 1939, Bolivia 1946, Mexico 1948, Australia 1951,[10][11] Venezuela 1952, Colombia 1953, India 1974, Mozambique 1984, Philippines 1985, Uganda, Albania 1993, and also the refoundations in Hungary (Eger) and the Czech Republic.[12]
Pope Pius XII, through the Congregation of Seminaries and Universities, elevated the Marianum to a pontifical theological faculty on 30 November 1950.
After the Second Vatican Council, the order renewed its Constitutions starting with its 1968 general chapter at Majadahonda, Madrid, a process which was concluded in 1987. In the same year, Prior General Michael M. Sincerny oversaw the creation of the International Union of the Servite Family (UNIFAS).[12]
The twentieth century also saw the beatification (1952) and the canonization of Friar Antonio Maria Pucci; the canonization of Clelia Barbieri (d. 1870), foundress of the Minime dell’Addolorata; the beatification of Ferdinando Maria Baccilieri of the Servite Secular Order (1999); the beatification of Sr. Maria Guadalupe Ricart Olmos (2001), a Spanish cloistered nun who was martyred during the Spanish Civil War; and the beatification of Cecelia Eusepi of the Servite Secular Order.
Through the centuries, the Servite Order has spread throughout the world, including all of Europe, parts of Africa, Australia, the Americas, India, and the Philippines. The general headquarters of the Servite Order is in Rome, while many provinces and motherhouses represent the Order throughout the world. In the United States there is one province of friars with headquarters in Chicago. There are four provinces of sisters with motherhouses in Wisconsin, Nebraska, and two in Illinois.[4]
Devotions, manner of life
In common with all religious orders strictly so called, the Servites make solemn vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. The particular object of the order is to sanctify first its own members, and then all men through devotion to the Mother of God, especially in her desolation during the Passion of her Divine Son.[citation needed]
All offices in the order are elective and continue for three years, except that of general and assistant-generals which are for six years.[citation needed]
The Servites give missions, have the care of souls, or teach in higher institutions of learning. The Rosary of the Seven Dolors is one of their devotions, as is also the Via Matris.[13]
Canonized Servite saints are: St. Philip Benizi (feast day on 23 August), St. Peregrine Laziosi (4 May), St. Juliana Falconieri (19 June). The seven founders of the order were canonized in 1888, and have a common feast day on 17 February. The date first assigned to this feast day was 11 February, the anniversary of the canonical approval of the order in 1304. Since in 1907 this date was assigned to the celebration of Our Lady of Lourdes, the feastday of the Seven Holy Founders was moved to 12 February. The date was changed again in 1969 to accord more closely with liturgical tradition, to a date which marks the anniversary of the death of one of them, Alexis Falconieri, which occurred on 17 February 1310.[14]
Affiliated bodies
The Second Order
The Virgin Mary and the Seven Founders of the Servite Order by Giuseppe Tortelli in the Sant'Alessandro church in Brescia.
Connected with the first order of men are the cloistered nuns of the second order, which originated with converts of St. Philip Benizi. These nuns currently have convents in Spain, Italy, England, the Tyrol, and Germany.
The Mantellate Sisters
The Mantellate Sisters are a third order of religious women founded by Juliana Falconieri, to whom St. Philip Benizi gave the habit in 1284. From Italy it spread into other countries of Europe. The Venerable Anna Juliana, Archduchess of Austria, founded several houses and became a Mantellate herself. In 1844 the congregation was introduced into France, and from there extended into England in 1850. The sisters were the first to wear the religious habit publicly in that country after the Protestant Reformation and were active missionaries under Father Faber and the Oratorians for many years. This branch occupies itself with active works. They devote themselves principally to the education of youth, managing academies and taking charge of parochial schools. They also undertake works of mercy, such as the care of orphans, visiting the sick, and instructing converts.[6] Organized into a number of religious congregations, some of pontifical and some of diocesan right, they have houses in Italy, France, Spain, England, and Canada. In the United States they are to be found in the dioceses of Sioux City, Omaha, Charlotte NC, and Chicago
Servite Secular Order
The Secular Order of the Servants of Mary (Servite Secular Order) is a Catholic organization of lay men and women plus diocesan priests living their Christian faith in the context of the world. They strive toward holiness according to the spirituality of the Servite Order, following the directives of their Rule of Life. Secular Servites are asked to do the following each day: live the Christian virtues of faith, hope, and love; pray and try to read Sacred Scripture each day, and/or the Liturgy of the Hours; and practice acts of reverence for the Mother of God daily, especially by praying the Servite prayer "The Vigil of Our Lady" and/or the Servite Rosary of the Seven Sorrows of Mary.[15]
There is also a confraternity of the Seven Dolours, branches of which may be erected in any church.
Mariology and the Marianum
The Pontifical Theological Faculty Marianum which is now one of the leading centers of Mariology was established by the Servite Order in accord with its tradition of many centuries. In 1398 Pope Boniface IX granted the Order the right to confer theological degrees. Suppressed by the Kingdom of Italy in 1870, it was reopened in 1895 under the name of Sant'Alessio Falconeri.
In 1939 the Servite Father Gabriel Roschini founded the journal Marianum and directed it for thirty years. In 1950 he was instrumental in the reorganization of the Servite house of studies in Rome as the Marianum Theological Faculty, which, on 8 December 1955 became a Pontifical faculty in virtue of the Decree Coelesti Honorandae Reginae of the Sacred Congregation of Seminaries and Universities under the authority of Pope Pius XII.[16]
Blessed Edvige Carboni
Profile
The second child of Giovanni Battista Carboni and Maria Domenica Pinna, Edvige had to leave school at the 4th grade. She felt drawn to the religious life, but stayed at her parents’ home to care for her chronically ill mother; she spent all her free time there in prayer. On 14 July 1911 she received the signs of the stigmata; she tried to hide it and the blood stains that resulted, but it soon became obvious. She moved to Rome, Italy just prior to the outbreak of World War II; she spent the war years working with charities and praying for all the dead. She reported apparitions of Jesus Christ, Saint Anne, Saint Catherine of Siena, Saint Dominic Savio, Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Gemma Galgani, Saint Genaro of Naples, Saint John Bosco, Saint Paul the Apostle, Saint Rita of Cascia, Saint Sebastian, Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, and attacks by demons.
Born
late night of 2 May 1880 in Pozzomaggiore, Sassari, Italy
Died
• 17 February 1952 in Rome, Italy of angina pectoris
• re-interred at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria Goretti in Nettuno, Italy in 2015
Venerated
4 May 2017 by Pope Francis (decree of heroic virtues)
Beatified
• on 7 November 2018, Pope Francis promulgated a decree of a miracle obtained through the intercession of Venerable Edvige
• beatification recognition scheduled for 16 June 2019 in Sardinia, Italy
Blessed Luke Belludi
சபை மாநிலத்தலைவர் லூக்காஸ் பெலூடி Lukas Belludi OFM
பிறப்பு
1200,
பதுவை இத்தாலி
இறப்பு
17 பிப்ரவரி 1285,
பதுவை இத்தாலி
இவர் ஓர் உயர்தர குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தவர். 1220 ஆம் ஆண்டு புனித பிரான்சிஸ் அசிசியாரின் சபையில் சேர்ந்தார். பின்னர் பதுவை நகர் புனித அந்தோனியாரிடம் கல்வி பயின்றார். பெலூடி புனித பிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையில் மிகச் சிறந்தவராக திகழ்ந்தார். இவர் தான் வாழும் போதே கடவுளின் அருளால் பல நோய்களை குணமாக்கினார். சிறப்பாக "புண்களை" குணமாக்குவதில் சிறப்பான வல்லமையைப் பெற்றிருந்தார். இவர் புனித அந்தோனியாரிடம் மிகுந்த நட்பு கொண்டிருந்தார். இதன் விளைவாக அந்தோனியார் இறந்தபிறகு அவரின் பெயரில் 1232 ஆம் ஆண்டு பதுவை நகரில் பேராலயம் ஒன்றை எழுப்பினார். அவர் இவ்வாலயத்தை கட்டிக்கொண்டிருக்கும் போதே கப்புச்சின் சபையின் மாநிலத் தலைவராகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். இவர் பதுவை நகர் லூக்காஸ் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டார்.
இவர் இறந்து 100 ஆண்டுகள் கழித்து 1382 ஆம் ஆண்டு பதுவை நகர் லூக்கா என்ற பெயரில் புனித அந்தோனியாரின் பேராலயத்திற்குள்ளேயே ஆலயம் ஒன்று கட்டப்பட்டது. 1927 ஆம் ஆண்டு மே மாதம் 18 ஆம் நாள் திருத்தந்தை 11 ஆம் பயஸ் திருநிலைப்படுத்தி பிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையின் மறைப்போதகர் என்ற பெயரை அளித்தார்.
Also known as
Lucas, Lukas
Profile
Born to the Italian nobility. Brought into the Franciscans by Saint Anthony of Padua and Saint Francis of Assisi. Anthony's companion in his travels and preaching, tending to him in his last days and taking Anthony's place upon his death. Guardian of the Friars Minor in the city of Padua.
In 1239 Padua fell, nobles were executed, the mayor and council banished, the university of Padua closed, and the church dedicated to Saint Anthony left unfinished. Luke was expelled, but secretly returned, visiting the tomb of Saint Anthony to pray for help. One night a voice from the tomb assured him that the city would soon be delivered; it was.
Luke was elected provincial minister, and furthered the completion of the great basilica in honor of Anthony. Founded convents. Miracle worker.
Born
c.1200 in Padua, Italy
Died
• c.1285 of natural causes
• relics in the basilica of Saint Anthony
Saint Alexis Falconieri
புனிதர் அலெக்ஸிஸ் ஃபல்கொனியெரி
(St. Alexis Falconieri)
நிறுவனர்/ ஆன்மபலம் கொண்டவர்:
(Founder and Mystic)
பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1200
ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ்
(Florence)
இறப்பு: ஃபெப்ரவரி 17, 1310
செனாரியோ மலை
(Mount Senario)
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
(Roman Catholic Church)
முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: டிசம்பர் 1, 1717
திருத்தந்தை பதினோராம் கிளமென்ட்
(Pope Clement XI)
புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஜனவரி 15, 1888
திருத்தந்தை பதின்மூன்றாம் லியோ
(Pope Leo XIII)
முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:
சேன்டிஸ்ஸிமா அன்னுன்ஸியேடா, ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ்
(Santissima Annunziata, Florence)
பாதுகாவல்:
ஓர்வியேடோ நகர் (இத்தாலி)
(City of Orvieto (Italy)
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: ஃபெப்ரவரி 17
புனிதர் அலெக்ஸிஸ் ஃபல்கொனியெரி, "செர்வைட் துறவிகள்" (Servite Friars) அல்லது "மரியாளின் சேவகர்கள்" (Servants of Mary) என்றழைக்கப்படும் "செர்வைட் சபை"யை (Servite Order) நிறுவிய ஏழு தூய நிறுவனர்களுள் ஒருவராவார். இவர் மரணமடைந்த தினத்தன்று அனைத்து எழுவரினதும் நினைவுத் திருநாள் கொண்டாடப்படுகின்றது.
அலெக்ஸிஸின் தந்தை "பெர்னார்ட் ஃபல்கொனியெரி" (Bernard Falconieri) ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் (Florence) மாநிலத்தின் வர்த்தக இளவரசரும், குடியரசின் முன்னணி தலைவர்களுள் ஒருவரும் ஆவார். இவர்களது குடும்பம், "குவெல்ஃப்" (Guelph party) என்ற அரசியல் கட்சியை சார்ந்ததாகும். "குவெல்ஃப்" கட்சியானது, பாரம்பரியப்படி, திருத்தந்தைக்கு ஆதரவாகவும், ரோமப் பேரரசுக்கு எதிராகவும் செயல்படுவதாகும். இவர்கள், ஏகாதிபத்தியவாதிகளை எதிர்த்து வந்தனர்.
அலெக்ஸிஸ் ஆழ்ந்த பணிவுடன் வளர்க்கப்பட்டார். இத்தாலி நாட்டின் வசதியான, கலாச்சாரம் மிகுந்த நகரமொன்றின் வசதி வாய்ப்புள்ள பிரபுவாக வளர்ந்தார். அலெக்ஸிஸ், "லௌடெசி" (Laudesi) எனப்படும் "அதிதூய அர்ச்சிஷ்ட கன்னி மரியாளின் தோழமைக் கூட்டுறவு பக்தி"யில் இணைந்தார். அங்கே, அவர் தமது புனித வாழ்க்கையின் துணைவர்கள் ஆறு பேரை சந்தித்தார்.
கி.பி. 1233ம் ஆண்டு, ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், 15ம் நாளன்றும், அலெக்ஸிஸ் மற்றும் அவரது துணைவர்கள் ஆறு பேரும் கடவுளின் அதிதூய அன்னை கன்னி மரியாளின் திருக்காட்சி காணும் பேறு பெற்றார்கள். பின்னர், ஏழு பேரும் இணைந்து "செர்வைட்" (Servites) எனப்படும் “மரியாளின் ஊழியர்கள்” எனும் துறவற சபையைத் தோற்றுவித்தனர். குடும்பம், வர்த்தகம் என, திடீரென அனைத்தையும் ஒரேநாளில் கைவிட்ட அலெக்ஸிஸ் நகருக்கு வெளியே "லா கமார்ஸியா" (La Camarzia) எனும் இடத்திலுள்ள ஒரு வீட்டில் ஓய்வு பெற சென்றார். பின்னர், ஒரு வருடத்தின் பிறகு "செனாரியோ மலை"யில் (Mount Senario) போய் தங்கினார்.
வசதி வாய்ப்புள்ள குடும்பத்து பிள்ளையாக அவர் வளர்ந்த அதே நகரின் தெருக்களில் ஒரு பிச்சைக்காரனாக அலெக்ஸிஸ் வலம்வந்தார். மிகுந்த உண்மையான தாழ்ச்சியுடன் தமது சகோதரர்களுக்காக பிச்சை வேண்டி சுற்றினார். நூற்றுபத்து வயது வரை அவர் வாழ்ந்திருந்தபோதும், குருத்துவம் பெற எப்போதும் மறுத்து வந்திருக்கிறார். தாம் அதற்கு பொருத்தமானவரில்லை என்றே இறுதிவரை கூறினார்.
ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் நகரின் புறவழியில் உள்ள "கஃபஜ்ஜியோ" (Cafaggio) எனும் இடத்தில் இவரது நேரடி மேற்பார்வையில் கட்டப்பட்ட தேவாலயம் கி.பி. 1252ம் ஆண்டு கட்டி முடிக்கப்பட்டது. இவரது சொந்த மருமகளான “புனிதர் ஜூலியானா ஃபல்கொனியெரி" (Saint Juliana Falconieri) இவரிடமே துறவற பயிற்சி பெற்றவர் ஆவார்.
Also known as
Alessio Falconieri
Profile
One of the Seven Founders of the Servants of Mary; uncle of Saint Juliana Falconieri. Son of Bernard Falconieri, a wealthy Florentine merchant and a Guelph. Joined the Laudesi, also known as the Praisers of Mary, a confraternity of the Blessed Virgin in Florence, Italy c.1225, and in this group met the others who would be the Servite Founders. Received the vision of Mary on 15 August 1233. The other members of the Laudesi were ordained, but Alexis felt himself unworthy, remained a lay-brother, and worked to insure the material and financial requirements of the community, often begging in the street when he had no other resources. Helped build the Servite church at Cafaggio. He was the only one of the seven founders still alive when the Order was approved by Pope Benedict XI in 1304.
Born
13th century at Florence, Italy
Died
17 February 1310 at Monte Sennario, Italy
Canonized
15 January 1887 by Pope Leo XIII
Patronage
Orvieto, Italy
Blessed Isabel Sánchez Romero
Also known as
• Sister Asunción of Saint Joseph
• Sister Ascensión de San José
• Isabella...
Profile
Isabella joined the Dominicans at age 17, taking the name Sister Ascensión de San José; she was known as an obedient, silent, hardworking and humble sister. Imprisoned and abused by anti–Catholic Communist forces in the Spanish Civil War, she was ordered to renounce her faith and blaspheme; her captors apparently thought it would be funny to see a 76 year old nun do so. She refused. She was murdered with a group of fellow Christians, including her nephew Florencio. She was the last one killed, she never stopped praying during the massacre, and her captors decided not to simply shoot her like the others, but to beat her to death with a rock. Martyr.
Born
9 May 1861 in Huéscar, Granada, Spain
Died
skull smashed with a rock on 17 February 1937 at the cemetery in Huéscar, Granada, Spain
Venerated
11 December 2019 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)
Blessed Martí Tarrés Puigpelat
Additional Memorial
6 November as one of the Martyred Franciscan Capuchins of Barcelona
Also know as
Frederic of Berga
Profile
Joined the Franciscan Capuchins on 21 November 1886 in Arenys de Mar, Spain. Ordained on 24 June 1901. Extremely popular preacher. Superior of monasteries in Igualada and Arenys de Mar, Spain. Capuchin visitator of Central America. Provincial superior of his Order. Arrested on 16 February 1937 in a residence where he was hiding from anti-Catholic Marxists forces during the Spanish Civil War; as soon as they determined that he was a priest, he was murdered. Martyr.
Born
8 October 1877 in a farm house outside Berga, Barcelona, Spain
Died
17 February 1937 in Barcelona, Spain
Beatified
• 21 November 2015 by Pope Francis
• celebrated at the cathedral of Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia, Barcelona, Spain presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato
Saint Silvinus of Auchy
Also known as
• Silvinus of Therouanne
• Silvin, Silvino
Additional Memorial
15 February at Auchy, France
Profile
Silvinus spent his youth in the courts of King Childeric II and King Thierry III. On the eve of his marriage, he left for a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and decided to turn his back on worldly life. Priest, ordained in Rome, Italy. Regional bishop with his see in Toulouse. Successful travelling evangelist in the area around Thérouanne and Toulouse, and throughout the region that is modern Belgium. Ransomed slaves. In later life he retired to become a Benedictine monk at the abbey of Auchy-les-Moines, Artois, France.
Born
near Toulouse, France
Died
• 15 February 718 at the abbey of Auchy-les-Moines, Artois, France of natural causes
• relics translated to Saint-Bertin's Church at Saint-Omer in 951 to protect them from invading Normans
Blessed Barnabas of Terni
Also known as
Barnaba Manassei da Terni
Profile
Born to the Italian nobility, Barnabas was well educated and earned a doctorate in medicine. He joined the Franciscan Friars Minor in Umbria, Italy and devoted himself to studying theology and to preaching until health problems forced him to retire for a while from public life. Within the Order he continued his studies, worked in various administrative positions, and promoted the Observance branch of the Franciscans. He founded the first Monte di Pietà in Perugia, Italy in 1462 as a way to help the poor avoid resorting to loan sharks.
Born
Italy
Died
• c.1475 at the Carceri hermitage on Monte Subiaco, Italy of natural causes
• interred in the Chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene on Monte Subiaco
Saint Fintán of Clonenagh
Also known as
Fintán of Clúain Ednech
Profile
Spiritual student of Saint Columba. Austere hermit at Clonenagh, Ireland. Many would-be students gathered around him that he founded a house for them and served as their abbot. He set such an austere example that neighboring monasteries complained they could not keep up; though he was very severe on himself, Fintan was known to be gentle and forgiving with others. Spiritual teacher of Saint Comgall of Bangor.
Legend says that Fintan's mother received an angelic visit to explain what a holy son she would have. Fintan was reputed to have the gifts of prophecy and knowledge of distant events. Witnesses say that when he prayed by himself, he was surrounded by light.
Born
at Leinster, Ireland
Died
603 of natural causes
Saint Flavian of Constantinople
Profile
Patriarch of Constantinople c.446. He condemned Eutyches, who began the heresy of Monophysitism. He refused to bribe Emperor Theodosius II in order to hold his see, and, against Theodosius's wishes, he made the emperor's sister Pulcherius a deaconess. Theodosius had him deposed and exiled. When Flavian tried to appeal Pope Leo the Great to hold his seat, the emperor had him beaten so badly that he died three days later from his wounds.
Died
449
Canonized
451 by the Council of Chalcedon
Saint Mesrop the Teacher
புனிதமெஸ்ரோப் (362-440)
பிப்ரவரி 17
இவர் (#StMesropOfArmenia) அர்மேனியாவில் பிறந்தவர்.
இவர் வளர்ந்து பெரியவரான பின்பு சில காலத்திற்கு இராணுவத்தில் சேர்ந்து பணியாற்றினார். பின்னர் அப்பணியை துறந்துவிட்டு, ஒரு துறவியை போன்று வாழ்ந்து, பல இடங்களுக்கும் சென்று நற்செய்தி அறிவித்தார்.
இவர் அர்மேனியாவில் மட்டுமல்லாது, ஜார்ஜியாவிற்கும் சென்று நற்செய்தி அறிவித்தார்.
இவர் பள்ளிக்கூடங்களை நிறுவி மக்களுக்குக் கல்வி தந்தார். இதை விடவும் இவர் திருவிவிலியத்தை அர்மேனிய மொழியில் மொழிபெயர்த்து, அர்மேனியத் திருஅவைக்கு மிகப்பெரிய பங்காற்றினார்.
இப்படிப் பல்வேறு பணிகளைச் செய்த இவர் 440 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.
Also known as
• Mesrop Mashtot
• Mesrob...
Additional Memorial
5 July (Armenian Apostolic Church)
Profile
Career soldier who retired from the military to become a hermit, monk and preacher. Worked with Saint Isaac the Great in the formation of the Armenian Church. Civil servant. Missionary to Armenia and Georgia. Developed the alphabet for writing Armenian. Organized schools and the translation of the Bible into Armenian, translating the New Testament himself.
Born
c.362 in Hatsik, Taron Province, Kingdom of Armenia
Died
17 February 440 in Vagharshapat, Armenia of natural causes
Saint Finan of Iona
Also known as
Finan of Lindisfarne
Profile
Monk at Iona. Succeeded Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne as governor of the Church in Northumbria, England. Bishop of Lindesfarne, England in 651. Built the cathedral, and the monasteries of Gilling and Whitby. Opposed the replacement of the Celtic liturgy with the Roman one. Evangelized southern England, working with Saint Cedd. Friend of King Oswiu of Northumbria and Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne. Baptized King Penda and King Saint Sigebert of the East Saxons, and brought Saint Ebbe the Elder into the Benedictines.
Born
in Ireland
Died
9 February 661 in Ireland
Saint Petrus Yu Chong-nyul
Also known as
• Peter Yu Chong-nyul
• Peteuro Yu Jeong-nyul
Profile
Married layman and father in the apostolic vicariate of Korea. While reading the Bible to a group of friends at the home of a catechist one night, he was arrested, imprisoned and murdered for the offense of teaching Christianity. Martyr.
Born
1837 in Taphyen, Yulli county, near Pyongyang, North Korea
Died
beaten to death on the evening of 17 February 1866 in prison in Pyongyang, North Korea
Canonized
6 May 1984 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Bartholomew degli Amidei
Also known as
• Amadeus degli Amidei
• Amadio Amidei
• Bartholomes degli Amidei
• Bartolomeo degli Amidei
Profile
One of the Seven Founders of Servants of Mary (Servites). Governed the important Servite convent of Carfaggio. Third general of the Servites. In his later years he retired to spend his final days at the monastery at Monte Sennario, Italy.
Died
at Monte Sennario, Italy of natural causes
Canonized
15 January 1887 by Pope Leo XIII
Blessed Constabilis of Cava
Also known as
Constabile, Costabile
Profile
Benedictine monk under Saint Leo at Cava monastery, Salerno, Italy. Abbot of Cava in 1122. Built the town of Castelabbate around the monastery.
Born
1060 at Lucania, Italy
Died
• 1124 of natural causes
• buried in the church overhanging the grotto of Arsicia
Beatified
21 December 1893 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmed)
Patronage
• Castelabbate, Italy
• sailors
Blessed Elisabetta Sanna
Profile
Married lay women in the dioceses of Rome and Sassari, Italy. Widow. Member of the Secular Franciscan Order, and of the Union of the Catholic Apostolate.
Born
23 April 1788 in Codrongianos, Sassari, Italy
Died
17 February 1857 in Rome, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
• 17 September 2016 in Pope Francis
• the beatification was celebrated at the Basilica of Santissima Trinità di Saccargia, Codrongianos, Italy, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato
Saint Benedict dell'Antella
Also known as
Manettus, Manetius, Manetto
Profile
One of the Seven Founders of the Servants of Mary. Attended the Council of Lyons in 1246. Governed the Servites in the Tuscan province in 1260. Took the Servite Order to France at the request of King Saint Louis IX. Fourth prior-general of the Servites. Sent missionaries to Asia. Retired to turn authority over to Saint Philip Benizi.
Died
20 August 1268 of natural causes
Canonized
15 January 1888 by Pope Leo XIII
Saint John Buonagiunta Monetti
Also known as
• John Buonagiunta
• John Bonaiuncta
Profile
One of the Seven Founders of Servants of Mary. The youngest of the Founders. Elected as the second prior-general of the Servites in 1256.
Died
1256 of natural causes while sitting in chapel listening to the Gospel account of the Passion
Canonized
1887 by Pope Leo XIII
Blessed Antoni Leszczewicz
Profile
Priest. Member of the Marians of the Immaculate Conception. One of the 108 Polish Martyrs of World War II.
Born
30 September 1890 in Abramovsk, Vilniaus rajonas, Lithuania
Died
burned to death on 17 February 1943 at the death camp in Rositsa, Vitebskaya voblasts', Belarus
Beatified
13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II at Warsaw, Poland
Saint Hugh dei Lippi-Uguccioni
Also known as
Ricovero dei Lippi-Ugoccioni
Profile
One of the Seven Founders of the Servants of Mary. Worked with Saint Philip Benizi in France and Germany. Vicar-general of the Servites in Germany for eight years.
Born
Florence, Italy
Died
3 May 1282 at Mount Senario, Italy of natural causes
Saint Gherardino Sostegni
Also known as
• Gherardino Sostenes
• Gherardino Sostegno
• Gerardino...
Profile
One of the Seven Founders of the Servants of Mary. Led the Servite province of Umbria, Italy from 1260 until his death, and brought the Servite Order to Germany.
Canonized
1887 by Pope Leo XIII
Saint Loman of Trim
Also known as
• Loman mac Dalláin
• Lommán, Luman
Profile
Son of Tigris. Nephew of Saint Patrick. He evangelized Ireland with Patrick, and converted Saint Fortchern of Trim and his family, including the pagan chieftain Fedelmid, to the faith. Bishop of Trim, Meath, Ireland.
Died
c.450 of natural causes
Patronage
Trim, Ireland
Saint Bonosus of Trier
Also known as
Bonosio, Bonoso
Profile
Priest. Imprisoned c.353 for supporting his bishop, Saint Paulinus, and orthodox Christianity in the face of Arians. Bishop of Trier, Gaul (in modern Germany) in 358; he continued to fight Arianism.
Died
• c.373 of natural causes
• relics enshrined in the church of San Paolino in Trier
Saint Benedict of Cagliari
Also known as
Benedict of Dolia
Profile
Benedictine monk at Cagliari, Sardinia. Bishop of Dolia, Sardinia for five years. Shortly before his death he resigned his see, and spent his last days as a prayerful recluse at the basilica abbey.
Died
c.1112 at Saint Saturninus Basilica monastery, Cagliari, Sardinia
Saint Guevrock
Also known as
Gueroc, Guevroc, Guirec, Guivrok, Keric, Kerric, Kirecq
Profile
Sixth century Briton. Friend and travelling companion of Saint Tudwal. Abbot at Loc-Kirec, Brittany. Assisted bishop Saint Paul of Léon.
Saint Fortchern of Trim
Also known as
Forkernus
Profile
The son of a pagan chieftain, he was converted to Christianity by Saint Loman of Trim. Sixth century bishop of Trim, Ireland. Hermit.
Patronage
bell-founders
Saint Julian of Caesarea
Profile
Catechumen at Caesarea, Palestine. Arrested for venerating the martyred Saint Elias and companions. Martyred by order of Firmilian, governor of Palestine.
Died
burned to death in 309 at Caesarea, Palestine
Saint Theodulus of Caesarea
Profile
Member of the household of the governor of Palestine. When the governor learned of Theodulus's Christianity, he ordered his execution. Martyr.
Died
crucified in 309 at Caesarea, Palestine
Saint Silvinus of Cremona
Also known as
Silvano, Silvanus, Silvin, Silvino
Profile
Mid-eighth century bishop of Cremona, Italy, serving for 39 years.
Born
Cremono, Italy
Died
773
Saint Donatus the Martyr
Profile
One of a group of over 80 Christians martyred together during the persecutions Diocletian.
Died
304 at Porto Gruaro, near Venice, Italy
Saint Secundian the Martyr
Profile
One of a group of over 80 Christians martyred together during the persecutions Diocletian.
Died
304 at Porto Gruaro, near Venice, Italy
Saint Evermod of Ratzeburg
Profile
Priest. Evangelized with Saint Norbert. Abbot of Gottesgnaden and Magdeburg. Bishop of Ratzeburg, Germany.
Died
1178 of natural causes
Saint Romulus the Martyr
Profile
One of a group of over 80 Christians martyred together during the persecutions Diocletian.
Died
304 at Porto Gruaro, near Venice, Italy
Saint Habet-Deus
Profile
Bishop of Luna, Tuscany, an Italian city which exists now only in ruins. Martyred by Arian Vandals.
Died
c.500
Saint Polychronius of Babylon
Profile
Bishop of Babylon. Martyr.
Saint Faustinus the Martyr
Profile
The only one of a group of 45 Christian martyrs whose name has come down to us.
Saint Lupiano
Profile
Baptized by Saint Hilary of Poitiers c.360, and died within the week. Saint Gregory of Tours wrote about him.
