இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 18

 St. Hesychius of Antioch

Feastday: November 18

Death: 303

Martyred Roman soldier. He declared himself a Christian and threw away his military belt. For this he was drowned in the Orontes River, in Syria.

Bl. John Shoun

Feastday: November 18

Death: 1619

Martyr of Japan. He was a Japanese from Meako and was baptized at Nagasaki. Seized for being a Christian, he was burned alive at Nagasaki and was beatified in 1867.

Dedication of the Churches of Saints Peter and Paul, at Rome

 தூய பேதுரு மற்றும் பவுல் பேராலய அபிசேகம் 

திருவிழா நாள்: நவம்பர் 18

தூய பேதுரு மற்றும் பவுல் பேராலய அபிஷேக திருவிழா, ரோம் நகரிலுள்ள நான்கு முக்கிய பேராலயங்களில் இரண்டு பேராலயங்களின் அபிஷேக விஷாவைக் கொண்டாடுகிறது.

“தூய மரியாள் மேஜர் பேராலய” (Basilica of St Mary Major’s) அபிஷேகம் ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம் 5ம் தேதியும், “தூய யோவான் இலாத்தரன் பேராலய” (Basilica of St. John Lateran’s) அபிஷேகம், நவம்பர் மாதம் 9ம் தேதியும் கொண்டாடப்படுகின்றது.

தூய பேதுரு பேராலயம், முதன்முதலில், பேரரசர் “கான்ஸ்டன்டைன்” (Emperor Constantine) அவர்களால், கி.பி. 323ம் ஆண்டில் கட்டப்பட்டது. இப்பேராலயமானது, “வாட்டிகன் மலையின்” (Vatican Hill) மீதுள்ள கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் முதல் திருத்தந்தையும், அப்போஸ்தலருமான பேதுருவின் கல்லறையின் மீது கட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது. தென்கிழக்கு ஃபிரான்சின் “ரோன்” (Rhône River) நதியோரமுள்ள “அவிக்னான்” (Avignon) நகரிலிருந்து திருத்தந்தையர் திரும்பிய பின்னரே திருத்தந்தையர் இங்கே வசிக்க தொடங்கினர். ஆயிரம் வருடங்களுக்கு மேலாக நின்ற ஆரம்பகால கட்டிடத்தை கட்டுமானப் பிரச்சினைகள் காரணமாக இடிக்குமாறு, திருத்தந்தை “இரண்டாம் ஜூலியஸ்” (Pope Julius II) 1506ம் ஆண்டு கட்டளையிட்டார். புதிய பேராலய கட்டிட பணிகள் நிறைவடைய 120 வருடங்களுக்கும் மேலானது. திருத்தந்தை “எட்டாம் அர்பன்” (Pope Urban VIII) அவர்களால், கி.பி. 1626ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 18ம் தேதி, இப்பேராலயம் அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்டது. இது, கிறிஸ்தவ சமூகத்தின் மிகவும் பிரபலமான பேராலயமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது.

தூய பவுல் பேராலயம், ரோம் நகரின் அசல் சுவர்களின் வெளியே சுமார் பன்னிரண்டு கிலோமீட்டர் தூரத்தில், தூய பவுல் மறைசாட்சியாக மரித்த இடம் என்று கூறப்படும் இடத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இப்பேராலயமும் பேரரசர் “கான்ஸ்டன்டைன்” (Emperor Constantine) அவர்களால் கட்டப்பட்டதெனினும், “ரோமப் பேரரசின் 69ம் பேரரசர்” (69th Emperor of the Roman Empire), “முதலாம் தியோடோசியஸ்” (Theodosius I) மற்றும் திருத்தந்தை “முதலாம் லியோ” (Pope St Leo the Great) ஆகியோரால் விரிவாக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது.

கி.பி. 1823ம் ஆண்டில் நடந்த ஒரு தீ விபத்தில் முற்றிலும் அழிந்துபோனது. உலகெங்கிலும் இருந்து வந்த நன்கொடைகள் மூலம், இப்பேராலயத்தின் மறுசீரமைப்பு சாத்தியமானது. தூய பேதுரு பேராலய கட்டிட பணிகள் முடியுமுன்னர், தூய பவுலின் பேராலாயம்தான் ரோம் நகரில் பெரிய பேராலயமாக இருந்தது. இப்பேராலயமானது, தூய பவுலின் கல்லறையின்மேல் கட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது. திருத்தந்தை “ஒன்பதாம் பயஸ்” (Pope Pius IX), இப்பேராலயத்தை கி.பி. 1854ம் ஆண்டு, டிசம்பர் மாதம், 10ம் தேதி, அபிஷேகம் செய்வித்தார்.

இவ்விரண்டு பேராலயங்களும் பல்லாயிரக்கணக்கான கத்தோலிக்க கிறிஸ்தவ திருயாத்திரிகர்களை ஆண்டுதோறும் ஈர்க்கின்றன. எண்ணற்ற பிற சபை/ சமயத்தினரும் ஆண்டுதோறும் வருகை புரிகின்றனர்.

நாம் அனைவரும் நமது உள்ளூர் தேவாலயங்களின் உறுப்பினர்கள் ஆவோம். ஆகவே, நாம் உலக திருச்சபையின் அடையாள சின்னமான, ரோம் நகரிலுள்ள தாய்த் திருச்சபை பேராலயங்களினதும் உறுப்பினர் ஆவோம்.

Article

The Vatican church, dedicated in honour of Saint Peter, is the second patriarchal church at Rome, and in it reposes one half of the precious remains of the bodies of Saints Peter and Paul. The tombs of the great conquerors and lords of the world have been long since destroyed and forgotten; but those of the martyrs are glorious by the veneration which the faithful pay to their memory. Amongst all the places which the blood of martyrs has rendered illustrious, that part of the Vatican hill which was consecrated with the blood and enriched with the relics of the prince of the apostles, has always been most venerable. "The sepulchres of those who have served Christ crucified," says Saint Chrysostom, "surpass the palaces of kings, not so much in the greatness and beauty of the buildings (though in this also they go beyond them) as in another thing of more importance, namely, in the multitude of those who, with devotion and joy, repair to them. For the emperor himself, who is clothed in purple, goes to the sepulchres of the saints, and kisses them; and, humbly prostrate on the ground, beseeches the same saints to pray to God for him; and he who wears a royal crown upon his head, holds it for a great favour of God, that a tent-maker and a fisherman, and these dead, should be his protectors and defenders, and this he begs with great earnestness." And Saint Austin, or another ancient father. "Now at the memory of the fisherman the knees of the emperor are bowed, and the precious stones of the imperial crown shine most where the benefits of the fisherman are most felt."

The body of Saint Peter is said to have been buried immediately after his martyrdom, upon this spot, on the Vatican hill, which was then without the walls, and near the suburb inhabited by the Jews. The remains of this apostle were removed hence, into the cemetery of Calixtus, but brought back to the Vatican. Those of Saint Paul were deposited on the Ostian Way, where his church now stands. The tombs of the two princes of the apostles, from the beginning, were visited by Christians with extraordinary devotion above those of other martyrs. Caius the learned and eloquent priest of Rome, in 210, in his dialogue with Proclus, the Montanist, speaks thus of them: "I can show you the trophies of the apostles. For, whether you go to the Vatican hill, or to the Ostian road, you will meet with the monuments of them, who by their preaching and miracles founded this church." The Christians, even in the times of persecution, adorned the tombs of the martyrs, and the oratories which they erected over them, where they frequently prayed. Constantine the Great, after founding the Lateran church, built seven other churches at Rome, and many more in other parts of Italy. The first of these were, the churches of Saint Peter on the Vatican hill (where a temple of Apollo, and another of Idaea, mother of the gods, before stood) in honour of the place where the prince of the apostles had suffered martyrdom, and was buried: and that of Saint Paul, at his tomb on the Ostian road. The yearly revenues which Constantine granted to all these churches, amounted to seventeen thousand seven hundred and seventy golden pence, which is above thirteen thousand pounds sterling, counting the prices, gold for gold; but, as the value of gold and silver was then much higher than at present, the sum in our money at this day would be much greater. These churches had also a yearly income of above one thousand six hundred pounds upon the spices which Egypt and the East furnished. The churches of Saint Peter had houses at Antioch, and lands round about that city; at Tarsus, in Cilicia, and at Tyre: also in Egypt, near Alexandria, in the province of Euphrates, and elsewhere. A part of these lands was appointed every year to furnish a certain quantity of spikenard, frankincense, balm, storax, cinnamon, saffron, and other precious drugs for the censers and lamps. Anastasius gives a large account of the rich vessels of gold and silver which Constantine gave for the service of these churches; but, perhaps, confounded some later presents with those of this emperor. These churches were built by Constantine in so stately and magnificent a manner as to vie with the finest structures in the empire, as appears from the description which Eusebius gives us of the church of Tyre; for we find that the rest were erected upon the same model, which was consequently of great antiquity. Saint Peter's church on the Vatican, being fallen to decay, it was begun to be rebuilt under Julius II, in 1506, and was dedicated by Urban VIII, in 1626, on this day, the same on which the dedication of the old church was celebrated. The precious remains of many popes, martyrs, and other saints, are deposited partly under the altars of this vast and beautiful church, and partly in a spacious subterraneous church under the other. But the richest treasure of this venerable place consists in the relics of Saints Peter and Paul, which lie in a sumptuous vault beyond the middle of the church towards the upper end, under a magnificent altar, at which only the pope says mass, unless he commissions another to officiate there. This sacred vault is called, The confession of Saint Peter, or, The threshold of the Apostles, (Limina Apostolorum,) to which devout persons have flocked, in pilgrimages, from the primitive ages.

Churches are dedicated only to God, though often under the patronage of some saint; that the faithful may be excited to implore, with united suffrages, the intercession of such a saint, and that churches may be distinguished by bearing different titles. "Neither do we," says Saint Austin, "erect churches, or appoint priesthoods, sacred rites, and sacrifices to the martyrs; because, not the martyrs, but the God of the martyrs, is our God. Who, among the faithful, ever heard a priest, standing at the altar which is erected over the body of a martyr to the honour and worship of God, say, in praying: We offer up sacrifice to thee, O Peter, or Paul, or Cyprian; when at their memories (or titular altars) it is offered to God, who made them both men and martyrs, and has associated them to his angels in heavenly honour." And again: "We build not churches to martyrs as to gods, but memories as to men departed this life, whose souls live with God. Nor do we erect altars to sacrifice on them to the martyrs, but to the God of the martyrs, and our God." Constantine the Great gave proofs of his piety and religion by the foundation of so many magnificent churches, in which he desired that the name of God should be glorified on earth, to the end of time. Do we show ours by our awful deportment and devotion in holy places, and by our assiduity in frequenting them? God is everywhere present, and is to be honoured by the homages of our affections in all places. But in those which are sacred to him, in which our most holy mysteries are performed, and in which his faithful servants unite their suffrages, greater is the glory which redound to him from them, and he is usually more ready to receive our requests: the prayers of many assembled together being a holy violence to his mercy.

Saint Rose Philippine Duchesne

 புனிதர் ரோஸ் ஃபிலிப்பைன் டச்செஸ்ன் 

(St. Rose Philippine Duchesne)

சபை நிறுவனர்/ அருட்சகோதரி:

(Foundress and Religious Sister)

பிறப்பு: ஆகஸ்ட் 29, 1769

க்ரெநோபல், டௌபின், ஃபிரான்ஸ் அரசு

(Grenoble, Dauphiné, Kingdom of France)

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 18, 1852 (வயது 83)

செயின்ட் சார்லஸ், மிஸ்ஸெளரி, ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா

(St. Charles, Missouri, U.S.)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: மே 12, 1940

திருத்தந்தை : திருத்தந்தை பனிரெண்டாம் பயஸ்

(Pope Pius XII)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஜூலை 3, 1988

திருத்தந்தை: இரண்டாம் ஜான் பவுல்

(Pope John Paul II)

முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்:

தூய ரோஸ் திருத்தலம், ஃபிலிப்பைன், டச்செஸ்ன்

(Shrine of St. Rose Philippine Duchesne)

தூய சார்லஸ், மிஸ்ஸெளரி, ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா

(St. Charles, Missouri, United States)

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 18

பாதுகாவல்: 

துன்பத்தின் மத்தியிலும் விடாமுயற்சி செய்வோர்;

ஸ்பிரிங்ஃபீல்ட்-கிரார்டியு மறைமாவட்டம் (Diocese of Springfield–Cape Girardeau)

புனிதர் ரோஸ் ஃபிலிப்பைன் டச்செஸ்ன், ஒரு ஃபிரெஞ்ச் அருட்சகோதரியும், கல்வியாளரும், "இயேசுவின் திரு இருதய அருட்சகோதரிகள்" சபையின் (Religious Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) ஆதிகால முக்கிய உறுப்பினரும் ஆவார். ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க சமூகங்களின் முதல் ஜெப கூட்டத்தைக் (Congregation) நிறுவியவரும் இவரே. தமது வாழ்வின் இறுதி காலத்தை மத்திய-மேற்கத்திய அமெரிக்க (Midwestern United States) மக்களுக்கு கற்பித்தல் மற்றும் சேவைகளில் கழித்தார். மற்றும், நாட்டின் மேற்கத்திய எல்லைப் (Western Frontier) பகுதிகளிலும் சேவை புரிந்தார்.

ஃபிரான்ஸின் “க்ரேனோபல்” (Grenoble) எனும் இடத்தில் பிறந்த இவரின் தந்தை ஒரு வழக்கறிஞர் ஆவார். அவரது பெயர், “பியர்ரே-ஃப்ரன்க்காய்ஸ் டச்செஸ்ன்” (Pierre-François Duchesne) ஆகும். தாயார் “ரோஸ்-யூஃப்ரோசின் பெரியேர்” (Rose-Euphrosine Périer) ஆவார். இவர்களுக்குப் பிறந்த ஏழு பெண் மற்றும் ஒரு ஆண் குழந்தைகளில் ரோஸ் ஃபிலிப்பைன் டச்செஸ்ன் இரண்டாவதாகப் பிறந்த குழந்தை ஆவார்.

சிறு வயதில் அம்மை நோயினால் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட டச்செஸ்னின் உடலில் நீங்கா வடுக்கள் தோன்றியிருந்தன. கி.பி. 1781ம் ஆண்டு, டச்செஸ்ன் மற்றும் இவரது ஒன்றுவிட்ட சகோதரியான “ஜோசஃபின்” (Josephine) ஆகிய இருவரும், “கிரனோபில்” (Grenoble) அருகேயுள்ள மலையருகிலுள்ள “தூய மரியாளின் வருகை சபையின் கன்னியரால்” (Visitandine nuns) நடத்தப்படும் ஒரு துறவு மடத்தில் கல்வி கற்க அனுப்பப்பட்டார். துறவு வாழ்வில் ஈர்ப்பு கொண்ட ரோஸ், அதில் தீவிர ஈடுபாடு காண்பிக்க தொடங்கினார். இதை அறிந்த அவரது தந்தை, அடுத்த வருடமே அவரை அங்கிருந்து நீக்கி தமது வீட்டினருகேயே கல்வி கற்க ஏற்பாடு செய்தார்.

கி.பி. 1788ம் ஆண்டு, இவர் தமது குடும்பத்தினரின் எதிர்ப்பையும் மீறி "தூய மரியாளின் வருகை" (Visitation of Holy Mary religious order) சபையின் துறவு இல்லத்தில் இணைய முடிவெடுத்தார். தமது அத்தை ஒருவருடன் பயணப்பட்டுப் போன இவர், உடனடியாக துறவு இல்லத்தில் இணைந்ததும், தந்தையிடம் தகவல் கூறுமாறு சொல்லி, அத்தையை தனியாக திருப்பி அனுப்பினார்.

எனினும், கி.பி. 1792ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபிரெஞ்ச் புரட்சியின் (French Revolution) பயங்கர ஆட்சி, துறவு இல்லங்களை மூட வைத்தது. அங்கிருந்த அருட்சகோதரியர் திருப்பி அனுப்பப்பட்டனர். வேறு வழியின்றி ஊர் திரும்பிய ரோஸ், தமது இரு அத்தைமாருடன் ஒரு பண்ணை வீட்டில் வசித்தார். அங்கிருந்த காலத்தில் ஃபிரெஞ்ச் புரட்சியின் கொடுமையால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டவர்களுக்கும் முந்தைய துறவு இல்லத்தில் சிறைப்பட்டிருந்தவர்களுக்கும் சேவை புரிந்தார்.

கி.பி. 1801ம் ஆண்டில், ஃபிரான்ஸில் மாவீரன் நெப்போலியனின் ஆட்சியின் கீழே, கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை மீண்டும் தலையெடுத்து தழைக்கத் தொடங்கியது. ரோஸ் "தூய மரியாளின் வருகை" துறவு இல்லத்தை புதுப்பிக்கும் முயற்சியில் இறங்கினார். அதன் கட்டிட சொந்தக்காரரிடமிருந்து கட்டிடங்களை பெற முயற்சித்தார். இல்லத்தின் கட்டடங்கள் இராணுவத்தினர் வசிப்பதற்கும் சிறைச் சாலையாகவும் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டிருந்ததால், குப்பையும் கூளமுமாக, துறவு இல்ல அருட்சகோதரிகள் தங்குவதற்கு ஏதுவானதாக இருக்கவில்லை. அவற்றை சுத்தப்படுத்தும் பணியில் இறங்கினார். இல்லத்தின் தலைமை அருட்சகோதரியும் மற்றும் சில இளம் துறவியரும் வந்ததால் இல்லம் சுத்தம் செய்யப்பட்டது. இறுதியில், ரோஸ் இல்லத்தின் தலைமை அருட்சகோதரியாகவும், உடன் மூன்று துறவற அருட்சகோதரியரும் மட்டுமே அங்கே தனித்து விடப்பட்டனர்.

ஃபிரெஞ்சுப் புரட்சியின் பின்னர் சீரமைக்கப்பட்ட "தூய மரியாளின் வருகை" (Visitation of Holy Mary religious order) சபை, வடக்கு ஃபிரான்சில் தடுமாற்றத்துடன் நடந்துவந்தது. இதனால், ஃபிரெஞ்சு கத்தோலிக்க அருட்சகோதரியும், பின்னால் புனிதருமான “மெடலின் சோஃபி பராட்” (St. Madeleine Sophie Barat), புதிய “தூய திருஇருதய சமூகத்தை” (Society of the Sacred Heart) நிறுவினார். அவர், “கிரனோபில்” (Grenoble) நகரில் ஒரு புதிய அஸ்திவாரத்தை நிறுவ விரும்பினார். அவரது வழிகாட்டியும், இயேசுசபை (Jesuit priest) குருவுமான “ஜோசஃப் வரின்” (Joseph Varin) என்பவரது தூண்டுதலின் காரணத்தால், 1804ம் ஆண்டு பயணித்து, ரோஸ் ஃபிலிப்பைன் டச்செஸ்னை சந்தித்தார். தமது "தூய மரியாளின் வருகை" (Visitation of Holy Mary) சமூகத்தை “தூய திருஇருதய சமூகத்துடன்” (Society of the Sacred Heart) இணைப்பதற்கு “பராட்” தந்த வேண்டுகோளை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார். புதிய சமூகம், பெண்களின் கல்விக்காக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்டது. இரு பெண்களும் உடனடியாக வாழ்நாள் சிநேகிதியரானார்கள்.

கி.பி. 1815ம் ஆண்டு, நெப்போலியனின் யுத்தங்கள் முடிவுக்கு வந்தபின்னர் ரோஸ், பாரிஸ் நகரில் "திரு இருதய பள்ளி" (Convent of the Sacred Heart) என்ற பெயரில் ஒரு பள்ளியை தொடங்கினார். இருவரும் தொடங்கிய அப்பள்ளியில், இருவருமே புகுமுக துறவியரின் (Mistress of novices) தலைமைப் பொறுப்பேற்றனர்.

டச்செஸ்ன், சிறு வயதில் தமது பங்கு ஆலயத்தில், புதிய ஃபிரான்சின் (New France) காலனியான “லூசியானாவில்” (Louisiana) மறைப்பணியாற்றும் துறவியரின் கதைகளை ஏராளமாக கேட்டு, தாமும் அங்கே சென்று பணியாற்றும் ஆர்வம் கொண்டிருந்தார். கி.பி. 1817ம் ஆண்டு, “லூசியானா மற்றும் இரண்டு ஃபுளோரிடா” (Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas) மறைமாவட்டத்தின் ஆயரான “வில்லியம் டுபௌர்க்” (William Dubourg) பாரிஸ் நகரின் பள்ளிக்கு வருகை தந்தார். அவர், தமது மறைமாவட்டத்திலுள்ள இந்திய மற்றும் ஃபிரெஞ்ச் குழந்தைகளுக்கான கல்வி கற்பிக்கும் மற்றும் சுவிசேஷத்துக்கு உதவும் கல்வியாளர் சபையொன்றினை வேண்டி வந்திருந்தார். அவரைச் சந்தித்த டச்செஸ்ன், உடனடியாக தமது சிறு வயது விருப்பங்கள் நினைவு வர, தமது சிநேகிதியான பராட்டிடம் அனுமதி வேண்டினார்.

கி.பி. 1818ம் ஆண்டு, தமது சிநேகிதியான பாராட்டின் ஆசீர்வாதங்களுடனும், துறவு இல்லத்தின் நான்கு அருட்சகோதரியினருடனும், ரோஸ் அமெரிக்கா புறப்பட்டார். பத்து வாரங்கள் கடல் பயணம் மேற்கொண்டபின் அவர்கள் “நியூ ஒர்லியான்ஸ்” (New Orleans) மாகாணம் சென்றடைந்தனர். அங்கே அவர்களுக்கு தங்குவதற்கான வசதிகள் ஏதும் செய்து தரப்படவில்லை. “உருசுளின்” அருட்சகோதரியருடன் சுருக்கமான ஓய்வு எடுத்தபின்னர், “மிஸிசிப்பி நதியில்” (Mississippi River) ஏழு வாரங்கள் படகு பயணம் செய்து, “செயின்ட் லூயிஸ்” (St. Louis) நகர் சென்றனர். இறுதியில் “செயின்ட் சார்லஸ்” (St. Charles) நகர் சென்று தங்கினார்கள். பண்டைய அமெரிக்க மாகாணங்களின் கடின சூழ்நிலைகளில் கற்பிக்கும் பணிகளுடன் சேவைகளும் செய்து வாழ்ந்தனர்.

கி.பி. 1841ம் ஆண்டு, ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்காவின் மத்திய மேற்க்கத்திய மாநிலமான “கன்சாஸ்” (Kansas) மாநிலத்தின் “பொலவட்டோமி” (Potawatomi) மொழி பேசும் ஆதிவாசி மக்களிடையே பணியாற்ற வருமாறு இவர்களை இயேசுசபை துறவியர் அழைத்தனர். 71 வயதான ரோஸ், ஆரம்பத்தில் அவர்களுடன் செல்ல தேர்வு செய்யப்படவில்லை. ஆனால், “தந்தை வெர்ஹஜென்” (Father Verhaegen) வலியுறுத்தியதால், கடின பணிகளைத் தவிர்த்து அவரும் பணியாற்றினார். உள்ளூர் மொழி தெரியாததால், அவரால் கற்பிக்கும் பணி செய்ய இயலவில்லை. அவர் முழுநேர ஜெபத்திலே ஈடுபட்டிருந்தார்.

கி.பி. 1842ம் ஆண்டு, ரோஸின் உடல்நிலை மோசமானதால் கடின கிராம சேவைகளுக்கு ஒத்துப்போகவில்லை. ரோஸ் “செயின்ட் சார்லஸ்” (St. Charles) திரும்பினார். தமது வாழ்க்கையின் கடைசி பத்து வருடங்களை சிற்றாலயத்தின் அருகேயுள்ள ஏணிப்படிகளுக்கு கீழேயுள்ள ஒரு சிறு அறையில் கழித்தார். வலு குறைந்த, பார்வை மங்கிப்போன, தனிமையில் கஷ்டப்பட்ட, தமது சிநேகிதியான “அன்னை பராட்டின்” (Mother Barat) கடிதங்களுக்காக ஏங்கிய புனிதர் ரோஸ் ஃபிலிப்பைன் டச்செஸ்ன், 1852ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், பதினெட்டாம் நாள் மரித்தார். அவருக்கு வயது 83.

Also known as

• The Lady of Mercy

• Woman Who Prays Always

Profile

Born to family with wealth and political connections; her father, Pierre Francois Duchesne, was a lawyer, businessman, and prominent civic leader in Grenoble, France, and her mother, Rose Perier, was a member of a leading family from the Dauphine region of France. From age eight Rose had a desire to evangelize in the Americas, sparked by hearing a Jesuit missionary speak of his work there. She received a basic education at home from tutors, and religious education from her mother. Educated from age 12 at the convent of the Visitation nuns in Grenoble, she joined them in 1788 at age 19 without the permission or knowledge of her family who were violently opposed to her choice, but finally gave in.

Religious communities were outlawed during the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution, and Rose's convent was closed in 1792. She spent the next ten years living as a lay woman again, but still managed to act like a good member of her Order. She established a school for poor children, provided care for the sick, and hid priests from Revolutionaries. When the Terror ended, she reclaimed her convent and tried to re-establish it with a group of sisters she had maintained in Grenoble. However, most of the sistes were long gone, and in 1804 the remainder was incorporated into the Society of the Sacred Heart under Saint Madeline Sophie Barat. They then re-opened the convent of Sainte-Marie-d'en-Haut as the second house of Sacred Heart nuns. Rose became a postulant in December 1804, and made her final vows in 1805.

In 1815 Mother Duschene was assigned to found a Sacred Heart convent in Paris, France. On 14 March 1818 at age 49 she and four sisters were sent as missionaries to the Louisiana Territory to establish the Society's presence in America. Diseases contracted during the trip to America nearly killed her, and after she recovered in New Orleans, the trip up the Mississippi nearly killed her again. She established her first mission at Saint Charles, Missouri, a log cabin that was the first free school west of the Mississippi River. She eventually six other houses in America which included schools and orphanages. She ran into some opposition as her teaching methods were based on French models, and her English was terrible; her students, however, received a good education, and her intentions were obviously for their best.

She was ever concerned about the plight of Native Americans, and much of her work was devoted to educating them, caring for their sick, and working against alcohol abuse. Finally able to retire from her administrative duties at age 71, Mother Duchesne evangelized the Pottowatomies, and taught young girls of the tribe. This work, however, lasted but a year as she was unable to master the Pottowatomi language. She was known to the tribe as "Woman-Who-Prays-Always".

She spent her last ten years in retirement in a tiny shack at the convent in Saint Charles where she lived austerely and in constant prayer.

Born

29 August 1769 at Grenoble, France

Died

18 November 1852 at Saint Charles, Missouri of natural causes

Canonized

3 July 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Patronage

• opposition of Church authorities - note that it was nothing to do with theology

• Springfield-Cape Girardeau, Missouri, diocese of

Saint Odo of Cluny

குளுனி துறவி ஓடோ Odo von Cluny OSB

பிறப்பு 

878, 

அக்குயிடானியன் Aquitanien, பிரான்சு

இறப்பு 

18 நவம்பர் 942, 

தூர்ஸ் Tours, பிரான்சு

பாதுகாவல்: மழைக்காக, பாடகர்கள்

இவர் ஓர் படைவீரரின் குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தார். குளுனி சபையில் சேர்ந்து குருவானார். அச்சபையைத் தொடங்கிய பெர்னோ(Berno) என்பவரின் இறப்பிற்குப்பிறகு ஓடோ அச்சபையை பொறுப்பேற்று வழிநடத்தினார். இவர் சபைத்தலைவராக பொறுப்பேற்றபின்னர், ஏராளமானோர் அச்சபையில் சேர்ந்தனர். இவர் தன் பதவிகாலத்தில் 17 துறவற மடங்களைக் கட்டினார். தன் சபை குருக்கள் அனைவரும் இவரை முன்மாதிரியாக கொண்டு செயல்பட்டனர். அந்தளவிற்கு இவர் மிக எளிமையான வாழ்வை செயல்பட்டனர். 

இவர் ஆலய இசைகளில் அன்புக்கொண்டிருந்தார். திருப்பலிப் பாடல்கள் பலவற்றை இவரே உருவாக்கினார். இவரால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட பாடல்கள் இன்றுவரை திருச்சபையில் பாடப்பட்டு வருகின்றது. இவர் பிரான்சு நாட்டு மக்களால் "புகழ்பெற்ற இசைக்கலைஞர்" என்ற பட்டம் பெற்றார். இவர் இறந்தபிறகு இவரின் உடல் புனித ஜூலியன் கல்லறை அருகில் புதைக்கப்பட்டார். 

Profile

Born to the nobility, the son of Abbo. Raised in the courts of Count Fulk II of Anjou and Duke William of Aquitaine. Received the Order of Tonsure at age nineteen. Canon of the church of Saint Martin of Tours. Studied music and theology in Paris for four years, studying under Remigius of Auxerre. Returning home, he spent years as a near-hermit in a cell, studying and praying.

Benedictine monk at Baume, diocese of Besancon, France in 909, bringing all his worldly possessions - a library of about 100 books. Spiritual student of the abbot, Saint Berno of Cluny. Headmaster of the monastery school at Baume. Abbot of Baume in 924. Abbot of Cluny, Massey and Deols in 927.

In 931, Pope John XI asked Odo to reform all the monasteries in the Aquitaine, northern France and Italy. Negotiated a peace between Heberic of Rome and Hugh of Provence in 936; returned twice in six years to renegotiate the peace between them. Persuaded many secular leaders to give up control of monasteries so they could return to being spiritual centers, not sources of cash for the state. Founded the monastery of Our Lady on the Aventine in Rome. Wrote a biography of Saint Gerald of Aurillac, three books of essays on morality, some homilies, an epic poem on the Redemption, and twelve choral antiphons in honour of Saint Martin of Tours. Noted for his knowledge, his administrative abilities, his skills as a reformer, and as a writer; also known for his charity, he has been depicted giving the poor the clothes off his back.

Born

c.879 at Le Mans, France

Died

• 18 November 942 in Tours, France of natural causes while travelling to Rome, Italy

• buried in the church of Saint Julian

• most relics burned by Huguenots

Patronage

for rain

Blessed Leonardus Kimura

Also known as

Leonard Chimurra

Profile

His grandfather was the first Japanese person baptized by Saint Francis Xavier, and Leonard was raised Christian; he was related to Blessed Anthony Kimura. Attended the Jesuit school in Nagasaki, Japan. Served as lay catechist. Travelled with Jesuit priests on missionary trips. Jesuit Co-adjutor Brother, serving as cook and tailor. When the Jesuits were expelled from Japan in 1614, Leonard stayed behind and worked alone for years, living as a fugitive for his faith.

In 1619 he was captured with a small group of Christians. He was dressed as a Japanese gentleman, and the priest hunters had no idea they'd nabbed a Jesuit. At his trial the judge offered him the usual 200 pieces of silver if he would reveal the whereabouts of a Jesuit priest. Kimura said, "I know one Jesuit; he is a Co-adjutor Brother and not a priest, and I am that Brother." This admission sent him to prison. There he continued his mission as catechist, converted jailers and prisoners, and turned the prison into a Christian community with fixed times for prayer and meditation; this worked sent him to martyrdom.

Born

c.1575 at Nagasaki, Japan

Died

burned alive on 18 November 1619 before a crowd of 20,000 at Nishizaka, Nagaski, Japan

Beatified

7 May 1867 by Pope Pius IX

Blessed Karoliny Kózkówny

Also known as

• Caroline Kózkówny

• Karolina Kózka

• Karolina Kozkowna

• Karolina Kózkówny

• the Maria Goretti of Poland

Profile

Fourth of eleven children born to the farm family of Jan and Maria Borzechka Kózka. Catechist. A teenaged virgin, she refused the advances of a Russian soldier. He kidnapped her, dragged her into the forest, and murdered her during an attempted rape. Martyr of purity.

Born

2 August 1898 at Wal-Ruda, Poland

Died

• murdered during a rape attempt by a Russian soldier on 18 November 1914 in the forests around Wal-Ruda, Poland

• her body was found on 4 December 1914

• buried at Zabawa, Poland

Beatified

10 June 1987 at Tarnów, Poland by Pope John Paul II

Saint Mawes

Also known as

Mandé, Maodez, Maudet, Maudetus, Maudez, Maudé, Maw, Mawe, Modez

Profile

Hermit in an area of Cornwall, England; the area now has a village named Saint Mawes (Lannvowsedh in Cornish) in his honour. He emigrated to Brittany where he founded a monastery on an island now known as Maudez; he had to drive out the snakes and vermin in order to build. Worked with Saint Budoc of Brittany and Saint Tudwal to found the house. A nearby village is known as Lanmodez in his honour, and there are more than 60 churches in the region dedicated to him.

Born

Wales

Died

• 6th century of natural causes

• relics transferred to Bourges, France and Paris, France in the 9th century to escape invading Normans

• relics later returned to Brittany and spread around nine churches

Patronage

• against insects

• against snakes

• against worms

Representation

• bishop

• schoolmaster

Noah the Patriarch

Also known as

Noe, Nuh

Profile

Son of Lamech, and ninth patriarch of the Sethite line, who, with his family, was saved in the Ark from the Deluge, dying 350 years later at the age of 950. Father of Sem, Cham and Japhet. Many non-Catholics maintain that the Bible narrative is derived from a Babylonian epic, but numerous and important discrepancies render this untenable. The scriptural story is a parallel independent form of a common tradition.

Name Meaning

rest - Hebrew

Blessed Andreas Murayama Tokuan

Also known as

Andrew Toukan

Profile

Layman member of the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary in the archdiocese of Nagasaki, Japan. Arrested for sheltering missionaries. He was offered his freedom if he would deny Christianity; he declined. Martyr.

Born

Nagasaki, Japan

Died

burned alive on 18 November 1619 before a crowd of 20,000 at Nishizaka, Nagaski, Japan

Beatified

7 May 1867 by Pope Pius IX

Blessed Ferdinando Santamaria

Also known as

Grimoaldo of the Purification

Profile

Passionist cleric.

Born

4 May 1883 at Pontecorvo, Frosinone, Italy as Ferdinando Santamaria

Died

18 November 1902 at Ceccano, Italy of natural causes

Beatified

29 January 1995 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Romano of Antioch

Also known as

Romanus

Profile

Deacon in Caesarea. Preached publicly against Christians sacrificing to idols as a way to get along with pagan imperial authorities. For this he was imprisoned, tortured, his tongue cut and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

strangled to death in prison in Antioch, Syria

Blessed Domingos Jorge

Also known as

Dominic Jorjes

Profile

Soldier. Immigrant to Japan. Layman. Member of the Confraternity of the Rosary. Arrested for hiding the Christian missionary Blessed John Spinola during a persecution of the faith. Martyr.

Born

San Román, Aguiar de Sousa, Porto, Portugal

Died

burned alive on 18 November 1619 in Nishizaka, Nagasaki, Japan

Beatified

7 May 1867 by Pope Pius IX

Blessed Ioannes Yoshida Shoun

Also known as

• John Shoun

• John Xoun

Profile

Convert, baptized by Jesuits in the archdiocese of Nagasaki, Japan. Layman member of the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary. Martyr.

Born

at Miyako, Japan

Died

burned alive on 18 November 1619 at Nishizaka, Nagaski, Japan

Beatified

7 May 1867 by Pope Pius IX

Blessed Cosmas Takeya Sozaburo

Profile

Layman member of the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary in the archdiocese of Nagasaki, Japan. Married to Blessed Agnes Takeya; father of Franciscus Takeya. Martyr.

Born

in Korea

Died

burned alive on 18 November 1619 before a crowd of 20,000 at Nishizaka, Nagaski, Japan

Beatified

7 May 1867 by Pope Pius IX

Saint Barulas

Also known as

Barula

Profile

A boy of seven who learned Christianity from Saint Romanus the Abbot. When he publicly announced his Christianity, he was tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

beheaded in 303

Saint Mummolus of Lagny

Also known as

Momble, Momleolus, Mumbolus

Profile

Monk. Friend of Saint Fursey of Peronne. Abbot of Lagny in Meaux, France.

Born

Ireland

Died

c.690 of natural causes

Saint Amandus of Lérins

Also known as

• Amand, Amantius, Amatius

Profile

Abbot of Lérins Abbey in 676.

Died

708 of natural causes

Saint Oriculus

Profile

One of a group of martyrs killed by Arian Vandals; the names of his fellow martyrs have not come down to us.

Died

c.430 near Carthage, North Africa

Blessed Guilminus

Profile

Benedictine monk at Thouace in Anjou, France. Friend and co-worker with Saint Burginus.

Died

c.1065 of natural causes

Saint Teofredo of Vellaicum

Profile

Monk. Abbot. Martyr.

Died

Vellaicum, Aquitaine (modern Velay, France)

Saint Maximus of Mainz

Profile

Bishop of Mainz, Germany from 354 to 378. Greatly persecuted by Arian heretics.

Died

378

Saint Romacario of Constance

Profile

Sixth century bishop in Constance, Neustria (modern Konstanz, Germany).

Saint Nazarius of Lérins

Profile

Monk and later abbot of Lérins Abbey in France.

Died

c.450

Saint Anselm of Lérins

Profile

Eighth century abbot of Lérins Abbey in France.

Died

c.750

Saint Thomas of Antioch

Profile

Hermit near Antioch, Syria.

Died

782 of natural causes

Saint Keverne

Profile

Friend of and co-worker with Saint Kieran.

Born

6th century Cornwall, England

Saint Constant

Profile

Priest. Hermit at Lough Erne. Martyr.

Born

Irish

Died

777

Martyred in the Spanish Civil War

Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:

• Blessed Amparo Hinojosa Naveros

• Blessed Augusto Cordero Fernández

• Blessed Carmen Barrera Izaguirre

• Blessed Emiliano Martínez de La Pera Alava

• Blessed Esteban Anuncibay Letona

• Blessed Francisco Marco Alemán

• Blessed Germán García y García

• Blessed Inés Zudaire Galdeano

• Blessed José María Cánovas Martínez

• Blessed Josefa Joaquina Lecuona Aramburu

• Blessed Laura Cavestany Anduaga

• Blessed Martina Olaizola Garagarza

• Blessed Modesto Sáez Manzanares

• Blessed Vidal Luis Gómara

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 17

 St. Valentine and Dubatatius

Feastday: November 17

Were executed for their faith at Carthage. Sts. Valentine and Dubatatius feast day is November 17th.

St. Dionysius the Great of Alexandria

Feastday: November 17

Birth: 190

Death: 265

Image of St. Dionysius the Great of AlexandriaDIONYSIUS of Alexandria, Born in 190 A.D. as Dionysius the Great, I was Archbishop of Alexandria. I died in 265 A.D., 17 Nov.

This article is about the Bishop and Pope of Alexandria. For the topographical poet (sometimes known as Dionysius of Alexandria), see Dionysius Periegetes.

Dionysius the Great (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας) was the 14th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria from 28 December 248 until his death on 22 March 264. Most information known about him comes from his large surviving correspondence. Only one original letter survives to this day; the remaining letters are excerpted in the works of Eusebius.

Called "the Great" by Eusebius, Basil of Caesarea and others, he was characterized by the Catholic Encyclopedia as "undoubtedly, after St. Cyprian, the most eminent bishop of the third century... like St. Cyprian, less a great theologian than a great administrator."[3]

Early life

Dionysius was born to a wealthy polytheistic family sometime in the late 2nd, or early 3rd century. He spent most of his life reading books and carefully studying the traditions of polytheists. He converted to Christianity at a mature age and discussed his conversion experience with Philemon, a presbyter of Pope Sixtus II.[3] Dionysius converted to Christianity when he received a vision sent from God; in it he was commanded to vigorously study the heresies facing the Church so that he could refute them through doctrinal study. After his conversion, he joined the Catechetical School of Alexandria and was a student of Origen and Pope Heraclas. He eventually became leader of the school and presbyter of the church, succeeding Pope Heraclas in 231. Later he became Pope of the church of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark in 248 after the death of Pope Heraclas.[3]

Dionysius was more an able administrator than a great theologian.[3] Information on his work as Bishop of Alexandria is found in Dionysius' correspondence with other bishops and clergymen of the third century Catholic Church. Dionysius’ correspondences included interpretations on the Gospel of Luke, the Gospel of John and the Book of Revelation.

During 249, a major persecution was carried out in Alexandria by a polytheist mob, and hundreds were assaulted, stoned, burned or cut down on account of their refusal to deny their faith. Dionysius managed to survive this persecution and the civil war that followed. In January 250 the new emperor Decius issued a decree of legal persecution. Out of fear many Christians denied their faith by offering a token polytheist sacrifice, while others attempted to obtain false documents affirming their sacrifice. Others who refused to sacrifice faced public ridicule and shame among their family and friends, and, if found by the authorities, brutal torture and execution. Many fled from the city into the desert, where most succumbed to exposure, hunger, thirst, or attacks by bandits or wild animals.[4]

Dionysius himself was pursued by the prefect Aurelius Appius Sabinus, who had sent out an assassin to murder him on sight. Dionysius spent three days in hiding before departing on the fourth night of the Decian decree with his servants and other loyal brethren. After a brush with a group of soldiers, he managed to escape with two of his followers, and set up a residence in the Libyan desert until the end of the persecution the following year.[4]

He supported Pope Cornelius in the controversy of 251, arising when Novatian, a learned presbyter of the Church at Rome, set up a schismatic church with a rigorist position on the readmittance of Christians who had apostasized during the persecution. In opposition to Novatian's teaching, Dionysius ordered that the Eucharist should be refused to no one who asked it at the hour of death, even those who had previously lapsed.[5]

In 252 an outbreak of plague ravaged Alexandria, and Dionysius, along with other priests and deacons, took it upon themselves to assist the sick and dying.[4]

The persecutions subsided somewhat under Trebonianus Gallus, but were renewed under Valerian who replaced Gallus. Dionysius was imprisoned and then exiled. When Gallienus, took over the empire he released all the believers who were in prison and brought back those in exile. Gallienus wrote to Dionysius and the bishops a letter to assure their safety in opening the churches.[6]

During the debate with Pope Stephen and Cyprian, Dionysius supported the position of the Roman Bishop but he still supported the autonomy of the African churches.[7]

Legacy

Basil of Caesarea writes to Pope Damasus I about aid sent by Dionysius, to the church at Caesarea. This correspondence is cited by Pope Pius IX in his encyclical Praedecessores Nostros (On Aid For Ireland) of 25 March 1847

Saint Gregory Thaumaturgus

Also known as

• Gregory of Neo Caesarea

• Gregory of Neocaesarea

• Gregory of Pontus

• Gregory the Wonder Worker

• The Wonder Worker

• Theodorus

Profile

Born to a wealthy and distinguished pagan family. Trained in law and rhetoric in his youth. Brother-in-law to the Roman governor of Palestine. His father died when Theodore was age 14. The boy had originally planned to study at the law school in Beirut, but when he arrived at Caesarea with his brother-in-law's entourage, he encountered Origen, head of the catechetical school in Alexandria, Egypt. He and his brother Athenodorus each gave up the idea of law school, became students of Origen, and converted to Christianity; Theodore changed his name to Gregory. Studied philosophy and theology for seven years under Origen. Returned to Pontus c.238.

Bishop of Caesarea, a diocese with only 17 Christians when he arrived. Gregory converted most of his bishopric; tradition says there were only 17 pagans left at the time of his death. Instituted the celebration of martyrs, teachings about the saints, and celebration of saint feast days as a way to interest pagans in the Church. During the Decian persecutions c.250, he and his flock fled into the desert. Worked among the sick when the plague struck soon after, and with refugees during the invasion of Pontus by the Goths in 252. Attended the First Council of Antioch in 264 and 265. Opposed the heresies of Sabellianism and Tritheism. Used his legal training to help his parishioners, and settle disputes between them without taking their problems to the civil courts controlled by pagans. Oversaw the council that chose Saint Alexander the Charcoal Burner as the first bishop of Comana. Saint Macrina the Elder heard Gregory preach many times in her youth, and passed his wisdom onto her grandsons Saint Basil the Great and Saint Gregory of Nyssa. Noted theological writer.

As you might expect from some one surnamed the Wonder Worker, there were many miraculous events in Gregory's life.

• Saint Gregory of Nyssa writes that the Wonder-Worker was the first person known to receive a vision of the Theotokus. The Virgin and Saint John the Baptist appeared to him in a vision, and gave him what became a statement of doctrine on the Trinity.

• Gregory had the power of healing by laying on of his hands. Often the healing was so powerful that the patient was cured of his illness, and became a fervent convert on the spot.

• During the construction of a church for his growing flock, the builders ran into a problem with a huge buried boulder. Gregory ordered the rock to move out of the way of his church; it did.

• In order to stop the River Lycus from its frequent and damaging floods, Gregory planted his staff at a safe point near the river bank. He then prayed that the river would never rise past the staff. The staff took root, grew into a large tree, and the river never flooded past it again. This act led to his patronage against floods and flooding.

• Two local pagans, hearing that Gregory was a soft touch for money, decided to con the bishop. One lay beside the road where Gregory was travelling, and pretended to be dead. The other stopped the bishop, pleaded poverty, and asked for money to bury his dead friend. Gregory had no money with him, so he took off his cloak and threw it over the "dead" man, telling the "live" one to sell the cloak and use the funds. When Gregory had moved on, the "live" con-man found that his friend had died.

• Two brothers in Gregory's diocese had inherited a piece of land that contained a lake. Unable to decide how to divide the lake, the two settled on armed combat to settle the matter. On the night before the battle, Gregory prayed for a peaceful solution to the matter. The next morning the brothers found that the lake had dried up leaving easily dividable farm land.

• During Gregory's time in the desert during the Decian persecutions, an informer told the authorities where to find the bishop. Guards went to the site, but found nothing but two trees standing in isolation in the desert. The informer went back to the place and found that what the soldiers had seen as trees were actually Gregory and a deacon in prayer. This convinced the informer of the reality of Gregory's God, and he converted.

• When returning from the wilderness, Gregory had to seek shelter from a sudden and violent storm. The only structure nearby was a pagan temple. Gregory made the sign of the cross to purify the place, then spent the night there in prayer, waiting out the storm. The next morning, the pagan priest arrived to receive his morning oracles. The demons who had been masquerading as pagan gods advised him that they could not stay in the purified temple or near the holy man. The priest threatened to summon the anti-Christian authorities to arrest Gregory. The bishop wrote out a note reading "Gregory to Satan: Enter". With this "permission slip" in hand, the pagan priest was able to summon his demons again.

• The same pagan priest, realizing that his gods unquestioningly obeyed Gregory's single God, found the bishop and asked how it was done. Gregory taught the priest the truth of Christianity. Lacking faith, the priest asked for a sign of God's power. Gregory ordered a large rock to move from one place to another; it did. The priest immediately abandoned his old life, and eventually became a deacon under bishop Gregory. This ordering about of boulders led to Gregory's patronage against earthquakes.

Born

c.213 at Pontus, Asia Minor (in modern Turkey) as Theodorus

Died

• c.270 at Pontus, Asia Minor (in modern Turkey) of natural causes

• remains translated to Calabria, Italy

Patronage

• against earthquakes

• against floods

• desperate, forgotten, impossible or lost causes

Representation

• bishop driving demons out of a temple

• presenting a bishop's mitre to Saint Alexander the Charcoal Burner

Writings

• Metaphrase of the Book Of Ecclesiastes

• Sectional Confession of Faith

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary

 ஹங்கேரியின் புனிதர் எலிசபெத் 

கைம்பெண்/ மறைபணியாளர்:

(Widow and religious)

பிறப்பு: ஜூலை 7, 1207

போஸ்ஸோனி, ஹங்கேரி அரசு

(Pozsony, Kingdom of Hungary)

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 17, 1231 (வயது 24)

மார்பர்க், புனித ரோம பேரரசு, (தற்போதைய ஜெர்மனி)

(Marburg, Holy Roman Empire (Modern-day, Germany)

சார்ந்துள்ள சமயம்/ சபை: 

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

(Anglican Church)

லூதரன் திருச்சபை

(Lutheran Church)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: மே 27, 1235

திருத்தந்தை ஒன்பதாம் கிரகோரி

(Pope Gregory IX)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 17

பாதுகாவல்: 

மருத்துவமனைகள், செவிலியர், விதவையர், நாடு கடத்தும் தண்டனை, மணப்பெண், ரொட்டி தயாரிப்பாளர், வீடற்ற மக்கள், இறக்கும் குழந்தைகள், கைம்பெண்கள், சரிகை-தயாரிப்பாளர்கள், தூய ஃபிரான்சிஸின் மூன்றாம் நிலை சபை (Third Order of Saint Francis)

ஹங்கேரியின் புனிதர் எலிசபெத், "துரிங்கியாவின் புனிதர் எலிசபெத்" (Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia) என்றும் அறியப்படுபவர் ஆவார். “ஹங்கேரி அரசு” (Kingdom of Hungary), “துரிங்கியா” (Thuringia) மற்றும் “ஜெர்மனி” (Germany) ஆகிய நாடுகளின் இளவரசியான இவர், பெரிதும் போற்றப்படும் கத்தோலிக்க புனிதர் ஆவார். புனிதர் ஃபிரான்ஸிஸின் மூன்றாம் நிலை சபையின் (Third Order of St. Francis) ஆதிகால அங்கத்தினரான எலிசபெத், அச்சபையின் பாதுகாவலரும் ஆவார்.

ஹங்கேரி நாட்டின் அரசன் “இரண்டாம் ஆண்ட்ரூ” (King Andrew II of Hungary) இவரது தந்தை ஆவார். “மெரனியாவின் கேட்ரூ” (Gertrude of Merania) எலிசபெத்தின் தாயாராவர்.

தமது பதினான்கு வயதில் குறுநில மன்னரான “நான்காம் லூயிஸை” (Louis IV) திருமணம் செய்த எலிசபெத், இருபது வயதில் விதவையும் ஆனார். ஆறாவது சிலுவைப்போரில் (Sixth Crusade) பங்கேற்பதற்காக இத்தாலி பயணித்த லூயிஸ், வழியில் விஷக் காய்ச்சலால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டு 1227ம் ஆண்டு, செப்டம்பர் மாதம், 11ம் நாள், மரணமடைந்தார். தமது கணவரின் மரணத்தின் பின்னர், தமக்கான வரதட்சினை பணத்தை திரும்ப பெற்றுக்கொண்ட இவர், அந்த பணத்தில் ஓர் மருத்துவமனையை கட்டினார். தாமே சுயமாக நோயாளிகளுக்கு சேவை செய்ய ஆரம்பித்தார்.

ஓய்வு, ஆடம்பரம் மற்றும் சொகுசான வாழ்க்கை வாழ இயன்ற போதும், எலிசபெத் தவம் மற்றும் சந்நியாச வாழ்க்கையையே தேர்ந்தெடுத்தார். இவரது இந்த தேர்வு, ஐரோப்பா முழுவதுமுள்ள சாதாரண பொது மக்கள் இதயத்தில் அவருக்கு ஒரு இடத்தை பெற்றுத் தந்தது. 

எலிசபெத், தமது குறுகிய கால வாழ்க்கையிலேயே, ஏழைகள் மற்றும் நோயுற்றோர் மீது அளவற்ற அன்பினை வெளிப்படுத்தினார்.

எலிசபெத்துக்கு வயது ஆக ஆக, பக்தியும் வளர்ந்து கொண்டிருந்தது. 1228ல், ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையில் சேர்ந்தார். ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபை துறவிகளின் வழிகாட்டுதலின் பேரில், செப வாழ்வில் ஈடுபட்டார். ஏழைகளுக்கும் வறியவர்களுக்கும் உதவ தொடங்கினார். தினமும் தன் வாசலுக்கு வந்த நூற்றுக்கணக்கான ஏழைகளுக்கு உணவளித்தார். இதனால் அநேகர் இவருக்கு எதிரிகள் ஆயினர். இவருடைய கணவரது சகோதரி அக்னேஸ் இவரை முழு மூச்சுடன் வெறுத்தாள். அவளுடைய தாய் மிகுந்த உலகப் பற்றுக் கொண்டவள். அவளும் இவரை வெறுத்து அரண்மனையில் இருந்தவர்களுடன் சேர்ந்துகொண்டு எலிசபெத்தை நிந்தித்து வந்தார்கள். அவரை அரண்மனையிலிருந்தே துரத்தினார்கள்.

இவர் தமது உள்ளத்தை கடவுளிடமிருந்து அகற்றவில்லை. ஏழைகள் மீது இவர் எல்லையற்ற இரக்கம் கொண்டிருந்தார். "ஏழைகளின் அன்னை" என்றும் "நோயாளிகளின் ஊழியக்காரி" என்றும் இவரை அழைப்பார்கள். உலக மக்களின் அபிப்பிராயங்களை இவர் சட்டை செய்யவில்லை. தனக்கு இயல்பாய் உள்ள பொறுப்புகளை மேற்கொண்டு ஏழைகளிடமும் நோயாளிகளிடமும் கிறிஸ்து இயேசுவையே கண்டு அவர்களுக்கு சேவை செய்து வந்தார்.

நாட்டில் பெருவெள்ளம் வந்து பயிரை அளித்தது. இதனால் பஞ்சமும் கொள்ளை நோயும் வந்தன. ஒரு மருத்துவமனையைக் கட்டி அங்குபோய் தொழு நோயாளிகளுக்கு இவரே சிகிச்சை செய்தார். அப்பமும் இரசமும் இவரது மன்றாட்டால் பலுகியது. ஏழைகளுக்கு உதவி செய்ய அரச ஆடைகளையும், ஆபரணங்களையும் விற்றார். 

இவருடைய கணவரின் சகோதர்கள் அரண்மனையைக் கைப்பற்றிக் கொண்டு இவரை விரட்டி விட்டனர். இவர் பிரான்சிஸ்கன் துறவிகளின் ஆலயத்திற்குச் சென்று, இந்த துன்பத்திற்காக கடவுளுக்கு நன்றி செலுத்தி "தேதேயும்" என்னும் நன்றியறிதல் கீதத்தைப் பாடினார்.

தமது இருபத்துநான்கு வயதில் மரணமடைந்த எலிசபெத், கிறிஸ்தவ தொண்டிற்கு ஒரு அடையாளமாக ஆனார். தமது மரணத்தின் பின், விரைவில் புனிதராக அருட்பொழிவும் செய்யப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

• Elizabeth of Thuringia

• Elisabeth of...

Profile

Princess, the daughter of King Andrew of Hungary. Great-aunt of Saint Elizabeth of Portugal. She married Prince Louis of Thuringa at age 13. Built a hospital at the foot of the mountain on which her castle stood; tended to the sick herself. Her family and courtiers opposed this, but she insisted she could only follow Christ's teachings, not theirs. Once when she was taking food to the poor and sick, Prince Louis stopped her and looked under her mantle to see what she was carrying; the food had been miraculously changed to roses. Upon the death of Louis, Elizabeth sold all that she had, and worked to support her four children. Her gifts of bread to the poor, and of a large gift of grain to a famine stricken Germany, led to her patronage of bakers and related fields.

Born

1207 at Presburg, Hungary

Died

• 1231 at Marburg, Germany of natural causes

• her relics, including her skull wearing a gold crown she had worn in life, are preserved at the convent of Saint Elizabeth in Vienna, Austria

Canonized

27 May 1235 by Pope Gregory IX at Perugia, Italy

Patronage

• against in-law problems • against the death of children • against toothache • bakers • beggars • brides • charitable societies • charitable workers • charities • countesses • exiles • falsely accused people • hoboes • homeless people • hospitals • lacemakers • lace workers • nursing homes • nursing services • people ridiculed for their piety • tertiaries • tramps • widows • Sisters of Mercy • Teutonic Knights • diocese of Erfurt, Germany • archdiocese of Jaro, Philippines • Jalzabet, Croatia

Representation

• woman wearing a crown and tending to beggars • woman wearing a crown, carrying a load of roses in her apron or mantle

Saint Hugh of Lincoln

Also known as

• Hugh of Avalon

• Hugh of Burgundy

Profile

Born to the nobility, the son of William, Lord of Avalon. His mother Anna died when he was eight, and he was raised and educated at a convent at Villard-Benoit in France. Monk at 15. Deacon at 19. Prior of a monastery at Saint-Maxim. Joined the Carthusians in 1160. Ordained in 1165. In 1175 he became abbot of the first English Carthusian monastery, which was built by King Henry II as part of his penance for the murder of Thomas Becket.

His reputation for holiness spread through England, and attracted many to the monastery. He admonished Henry for keeping dioceses vacant in order to keep their income for the throne. He resisted the appointment, but was made bishop of Lincoln on 21 September 1181. Restored clerical discipline in his see. Rebuilt the Lincoln cathedral, destroyed by earthquake in 1185.

Hugh denounced the mass persecution of Jews in England in 1190-91, repeatedly facing down armed mobs, making them release their victims. Diplomat to France for King John in 1199, a trip that ruined his health. While attending a national council in London a few months later, he was stricken with an unnamed ailment, and died two months later.

Born

1135 at Avalon Castle, Burgundy, France

Died

• 16 November 1200 at London, England of natural causes

• buried in the Lincoln Cathedral

Canonized

• 18 February 1220 by Pope Honorius III

• first canonized Carthusian

Patronage

• sick children

• sick people

• swans

Representation

• angel protecting him from lightning

• bearded bishop giving a blessing

• Carthusian surrounded by seven stars

• Carthusian with a swan

• chalice

• bishop with a swan

• swan; there is a story of him being befriended by a swan which would guard Hugh when he slept

• helping to build the Lincoln Cathedral

• man with a swan at his death bed

• raising a dead child to life

Saint Florinus of Remüs

Also known as

• Florinus of Chur

• Florinus of Finsgowe

• Florinus of Matsch

• Florinus of Mazia

• Florinus of Ramosch

• Florinus of Val Venosta

• Florinus of Vinschgau

• Florinus of Vnuost

• Florin, Florian

Additional Memorials

• 7 August (translation of relics to Chur, Switzerland)

• 18 December (translation of relics to the Trier, Germany)

Profile

Legend says that his father was a Saxon, his mother a Jew who converted to Christianity; the two met while they were both on pilgrimage to Rome, Italy, they married, and then settled in the Val Venosta in the Italian Tyrol region. Educated by Father Alexander at the parish of Saint Peter in Remüs (modern Ramosch), Switzerland; previous minister's there include Saint Othmar of Saint Gall. Ordained in Unterengadin, Switzerland, he served as the parish priest at Saint Peter's in Remüs, living like a hermit and caring for the poor. Miracle worker who turned water to wine which he then gave away to the poor.

Born

late 8th century Val Venosta, Italy

Died

• c.856 at Remüs (modern Ramosch), Switzerland of natural causes

• buried in the graveyard of the parish of Saint Peter in Remüs

• some relics enshrined in Koblenz, Germany in 950

• some relics enshrined in Regensburg, Germany

Representation

• book

• chunk of limestone

• wine jug, pitcher, bottle or pot (referring to the miracle of turning water to wine)

Patronage

• Chur, Switzerland, diocese of

• Vaduz, Liechtenstein, diocese of

• Lower Engadine, Switzerland

• Val Venosta, Italy

Saint Hilda of Whitby

Also known as

Hild of Whitby

Profile

Daughter of Hereric and Breguswith. Sister of Saint Hereswitha. Grand-niece of King Saint Edwin of Northumbria. Baptized in 627 at age thirteen by Saint Paulinus of York. Lived as a single lay woman until age 33 when she became a Benedictine nun at the monastery of Chelles in France. Abbess at Hartepool, Northumberland, England. Abbess of the double monastery of Whitby, Streaneshalch. Abbess to Saint Wilfrid of York, Saint John of Beverley, and three other bishops. Patroness and supporter of learning and culture, including the work of the poet Caedmon.

Hilda and her houses followed the Celtic liturgy and rule, but many houses had adopted the continental Benedictine rule, and the Roman liturgy. Hilda convened a conference in 664 to help settle one a single rule. When the conference settled on the Roman and Benedictine, they were adopted throughout England, and Hilda insured the observance of her houses.

Born

614 at Northumbria, England

Died

680 of natural causes

Representation

• being carried to heaven by the angels

• holding Whitby abbey in her hands with a crown on her head or at her feet

• stopping wild birds from stealing a corn crop

• turning serpents into stone

Saint Aignan of Orléans

Also known as

Agnan, Anian, Anianus

Profile

Born to the nobility, his parents were Hungarians who had fled to the Dauphine area of modern France to escape Arian persecutions. Lived as a hermit in a cave. Spiritual student of Saint Evurtius of Orléans. Priest. Monk. Abbot of the Saint Laurence Abbey in Orléans, France. Bishop of Orléans. Organized the defense of Orléans during the invasion of Attila the Hun, met with Attila and prevented him attacking the city in 451.

Born

358 at Vienne, France

Died

• 453 of natural causes

• in the 10th-century King Robert built a church in Orléans, France in Aignan's honour, and his relics were enshrined in it

• relics destroyed by Calvinists in the 16th century

Patronage

Diocese of Orléans, France

Representation

praying on the walls of Orléans, France with an army in the field near the city

Blessed Yosafat Kotsylovskyi

Also known as

• Josaphat Kocylovskyj

• Josaphat Kotsylovsky

Additional Memorial

27 June as one of the Martyrs Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe

Profile

Greek Catholic. Studied theology in Rome, graduating in 1907. Ordained on 9 October 1907. Vice-rector and professor of theology at the Stanislaviv, Ukraine seminary. Entered the Basilian novitiate on 2 October 1911. Bishop of Premeshyl, Poland on 23 September 1917. Imprisoned for his faith by Polish authorities in September 1945. Died in prison. One of the Martyrs Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe.

Born

3 March 1876 at Pakoshivka, Lemkiv District, Ukraine

Died

martyred on 17 November 1947 in prison in Kiev, Ukraine

Beatified

27 June 2001 by Pope John Paul II in Ukraine

Blessed Salomea of Galicia

அருளாளர்_சலோமியா (1211-1268)

நவம்பர் 17

இவர் (#Bl_Salomea_Of_Poland) போலந்து நாட்டைச் சார்ந்தவர். இவரது தந்தை போலந்தை ஆண்ட லஸ்ஜெக் என்பவர் ஆவார்.

ஒருசில அரசியல் காரணங்களுக்காக இவருக்கு மூன்றாம் வயதிலேயே அங்கேரி நாட்டு இளவரசரோடு மண ஒப்பந்தம் நடைபெற்று, ஏழாம் வயதில் திருமணம் நடைபெற்றது.

திருமணத்திற்கு பிறகு இவர் தனது கன்னிமையை கடவுளுக்கு ஒப்புக் கொடுத்து வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். 1245 ஆம் ஆண்டு இவரது கணவர் ஒரு போரில் இறந்துவிட, இவர் புனித கிளாரா சபையில் சேர்ந்து துறவியானார்.

துறவியான ஒரு சில ஆண்டுகளிலேயே இவருடைய எடுத்துக்காட்டாக வாழ்க்கையால் ஜவிசோஸ்ட் என்ற இடத்தில் இருந்த துறவுமடத்தின் தலைவியாக உயர்த்தப்பட்டார்.

இவ்வாறு இல்லறத்தில் தூய்மையாகவும், துறவறத்தில் எடுத்துக்காட்டாகவும் வாழ்ந்த இவர், 1268 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார். இவருக்கு 1673 ஆம் ஆண்டு திருத்தந்தை பத்தாம் கிளமெண்ட்டால் புனிதர் பட்டம் கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.

Also known as

• Salomea of Poland

• Salomea of Polonia

• Salome...

Profile

Born to the nobility. Married in her youth to Colomon, a prince of Hungary. Widowed, Salomea followed a call to religious life; she became a Franciscan Poor Clare nun, founded a monastery, and eventually serving as its abbess.

Born

13th century Galicia (in modern Poland)

Died

• 17 November 1268 near Cracow, Poland of natural causes

• relics enshrined in Cracow

Beatified

1673 by Pope Clement X (cultus confirmation)

Saint Gregory of Tours

Also known as

George Florentius

Profile

Born to the Gallic nobility; great-nephew of Saint Eustadius. Friend of Saint Magnericus and Saint Senoch. While on pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Martin of Tours, his obvious piety led to his being chosen bishop of Tours, France in 573, taking the name Gregory on his ordination. An excellent bishop for 20 years; Pope Saint Gregory the Great thought highly of him. Historian and writer; his works are our best historical source for the Merovingian period.

Born

540 at Auvergne, France as George Florentius

Died

594 of natural causes

Saint Juan del Castillo Rodríguez

Profile

Jesuit priest. One of the Jesuit Martyrs of Paraguay.

Born

14 September 1595 in Belmonte, Cuenca, Spain

Died

stoned to death on 17 November 1628 in Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay (in modern Brazil)

Canonized

16 May 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Patronage

native traditions

Saint Giacinto Ansalone

Also known as

• Giordano Ansaloni

• Giordano of Saint Stephen

• Hyacinth Jordan Ansalone

Profile

Dominican priest. Studying in Palermo, Italy and Salamanca, Spain. Missionary to Mexico, the Philippines and Japan. As he travelled, he wrote a book on the lives of Dominican saints. Martyr.

Born

1 November 1598 in San Stefano Quisquina, Agrigento, Italy

Died

17 November 1634 in Nishizaka, Nagasaki, Japan

Canonized

18 October 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Patronage

Santo Stefano Quisquina, Italy

Saint Lazarus Zographos

Also known as

• Lazarus the Painter

• Lazarus of Constantinople

• Lazzaro...

Profile

Monk at Constantinople. Skilled painter of icons. Opposed the Iconoclasts under emperor Theophilus. He defended sacred images, and restored those that were defaced by Iconoclasts. For his work he was arrested and tortured. When the Iconoclasts fell from power, Lazarus was released and given a prominent place in the new regime, eventually becoming ambassador to Rome.

Died

867 of natural causes

Name Meaning

the painter = zographos

Saint Acisclus

Also known as

Aciscle, Acisclo, Ascylus, Iscle, Ocysellus

Profile

Brother of Saint Victoria of Cordoba. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian. After their deaths, their home was turned into a church. They have an office in the Mozabic Liturgy, and devotion to them is widespread throughout Spain and France.

Born

at Cordoba, Spain

Died

beheaded in 304

Patronage

Cordoba, Spain

Representation

• with Saint Victoria

• wearing a crown of roses

Blessed Sébastien-Loup Hunot

Profile

Priest in the Archdiocese of Sens, France. Imprisoned on a ship in the harbor of Rochefort, France and left to die during the anti-Catholic persecutions of the French Revolution. One of the Martyrs of the Hulks of Rochefort.

Born

7 August 1745 in Brienon-l'Archevêque, Yonne, France

Died

17 November 1794 aboard the prison ship Washington, in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France

Beatified

1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Victoria of Cordoba

Profile

Sister of Saint Acisclus. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian. After their deaths, their home was turned into a church. They have an office in the Mozabic Liturgy, and devotion to them is widespread throughout Spain and France.

Born

at Cordoba, Spain

Died

shot with arrows in 304

Representation

• crowned with roses

• in the company of Saint Acisclus

Patronage

Cordoba, Spain

Saint Thomas Hioji Nishi Rokuzaemon

Also known as

Father Thomas of Saint Hyacinth

Profile

Dominican missionary priest, first Formosa and then Japan. Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Tokugawa Yemitsu.

Born

1590 in Hirado, Nagasaki, Japan

Died

17 November 1634 in Nishizaka, Nagasaki, Japan

Canonized

18 October 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Hugh of Novara

Also known as

• Hugo of Nucaria

• Hugo of Noaria

• Ugo, Hugh

Additional Memorial

16 August in Novara, Sicily

Profile

Cistercian Benedictine monk. Spiritual student of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Served as first abbot at the abbey in Novara, Sicily.

Born

French

Died

c.1170 of natural causes

Patronage

Bovara, Sicily

Saint Eugene of Florence

Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Ambrose of Milan. Deacon in Florence, Italy, working with Saint Zenobius of Florence.

Died

422

Saint Namasius of Vienne

Also known as

Naamat, Namaise, Namacio, Namat, Namatius

Profile

Bishop of Vienne, France.

Died

c.599

Saint Zacchaeus of Palestine

Profile

Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

beheaded c.302 in Palestine

Saint Alphaeus of Palestine

Profile

Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

beheaded c.302 in Palestine

 

Martyred in the Spanish Civil War

Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:

• Blessed Eusebio Roldán Vielva

• Blessed Josefa Gironés Arteta

• Blessed Lorenza Díaz Bolaños

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 16

 St. Hugh of Lincoln

Born c. 1135–1140

Avalon, Dauphiné,

Holy Roman Empire

Died 16 November 1200

(aged 60-65)

London, England

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Anglican Communion

Canonized 17 February 1220 by Pope Honorius III

Major shrine St Mary's Cathedral

Lincoln, England Parkminster Charterhouse

West Sussex

Feast 16 November (Catholic Church)

17 November (Church of England)

Attributes a white swan

Patronage sick children, sick people, shoemakers and swans

Image of St. Hugh of LincolnAs a Carthusian monk of the Grande Chartreuse, near Grenoble, France, Hugh observed the rule of his order with exceptional fidelity. He also manifested a touching affection for the squirrels and birds that frequented the small garden adjoining his monastic cell. Hugh was subsequently sent to England to govern a new Carthusian monastery at Witham. In 1186 he was chosen to become bishop of the English diocese of Lincoln. He showed himself a faithful pastor while continuing the deep spiritual life he had developed as a Carthusian. Every Saturday, he went to confession and celebrated a votive Mass in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was fastidious in the faithful celebration of the Divine Office, immediately leaving whatever he was doing when the time came to begin the office. On one occasion when a fellow bishop wanted to hurry the celebration of Mass in order to be on time for a meeting with the English king, Hugh insisted upon celebrating it in the usual manner, with the accustomed chanting. He told the other bishop: "We must do homage first to the King of kings. No secular employment can dispense us from what we owe to him."

Not to be confused with Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln.

Hugh of Lincoln (c. 1135–1140 – 16 November 1200), also known as Hugh of Avalon, was a French-born Benedictine and Carthusian monk, bishop of Lincoln in the Kingdom of England, and Catholic saint. His feast is observed by Catholics on 16 November and by Anglicans on 17 November.

Life

Hugh was born at the château of Avalon,[1] at the border of the Dauphiné with Savoy, the son of Guillaume, seigneur of Avalon. His mother Anne de Theys died when he was eight, and because his father was a soldier, he went to a boarding school for his education.[2] Guillaume retired from the world to the Augustinian monastery of Villard-Benoît, near Grenoble, and took his son Hugh, with him.[3]

At the age of fifteen, Hugh became a religious novice and was ordained a deacon at the age of nineteen. About 1159, he was sent to be prior of the nearby monastery at Saint-Maximin, presumably already a priest. From that community, he left the Benedictine Order and entered the Grande Chartreuse,[1] then at the height of its reputation for the rigid austerity of its rules and the earnest piety of its members. There he rose to become procurator of his new Order, in which office he served until he was sent in 1179 to become prior of the Witham Charterhouse in Somerset, the first Carthusian house in England.[1]

Henry II of England, as part of his penance for the murder of Thomas Becket, in lieu of going on crusade as he had promised in his first remorse, had established a Carthusian charterhouse sometime before, which was settled by monks brought from the Grande Chartreuse. There were difficulties in advancing the building works, however, and the first prior was retired and a second soon died. It was by the special request of the English king that Hugh, whose fame had reached him through one of the nobles of Maurienne, was made prior.[3]

Hugh found the monks in dire straits, living in log huts and with no plans yet advanced for the more permanent monastery building. Hugh interceded with the king for royal patronage and at last, probably on 6 January 1182, Henry issued a charter of foundation and endowment for Witham Charterhouse. His first attention was given to the building of the Charterhouse. He prepared his plans and submitted them for royal approbation, exacting full compensation from the king for any tenants on the royal estate who would have to be evicted to make room for the building.[3] Hugh presided over the new house till 1186 and attracted many to the community. Among the frequent visitors was King Henry, for the charterhouse lay near the borders of the king's chase in Selwood Forest, a favourite hunting ground. Hugh admonished Henry for keeping dioceses vacant in order to keep their income for the royal chancellery.

In May 1186, Henry summoned a council of bishops and barons at Eynsham Abbey to deliberate on the state of the Church and the filling of vacant bishoprics, including Lincoln. On 25 May 1186 the cathedral chapter of Lincoln was ordered to elect a new bishop and Hugh was elected.[1] Hugh insisted on a second, private election by the canons, securely in their chapterhouse at Lincoln rather than in the king's chapel. His election was confirmed by the result.

Hugh was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln on 21 September 1186[4] at Westminster.[1] Almost immediately he established his independence of the King, excommunicating a royal forester and refusing to seat one of Henry's courtly nominees as a prebendary of Lincoln; he softened the king's anger by his diplomatic address and tactful charm. After the excommunications, he came upon the king hunting and was greeted with dour silence. He waited several minutes and the king called for a needle to sew up a leather bandage on his finger. Eventually Hugh said, with gentle mockery, "How much you remind me of your cousins of Falaise" (where William I's unmarried mother Herleva, a tanner's daughter, had come from). At this Henry just burst out laughing and was reconciled. As a bishop, he was exemplary, constantly in residence or travelling within his diocese, generous with his charity, and scrupulous in the appointments he made. He raised the quality of education at the cathedral school. Hugh was also prominent in trying to protect the Jews, great numbers of whom lived in Lincoln, in the persecution they suffered at the beginning of Richard I's reign, and he put down popular violence against them – as later occurred following the death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln – in several places.

A plan of Lincoln Cathedral drawn by G Dehio (died 1932)

Lincoln Cathedral had been badly damaged by an earthquake in 1185, and Hugh set about rebuilding and greatly enlarging it in the new Gothic style; however, he only lived to see the choir well begun. In 1194, he expanded the St Mary Magdalen's Church, Oxford. Along with Bishop Herbert of Salisbury, Hugh resisted the king's demand for 300 knights for a year's service in his French wars; the entire revenue of both men's offices was then seized by royal agents.[5]

As one of the premier bishops of the Kingdom of England Hugh more than once accepted the role of diplomat to France for Richard and then for King John in 1199, a trip that ruined his health. He consecrated St Giles' Church, Oxford, in 1200. There is a cross consisting of interlaced circles cut into the western column of the tower that is believed to commemorate this. Also in commemoration of the consecration, St Giles' Fair was established and continues to this day each September.[6] While attending a national council in London, a few months later, he was stricken with an unnamed ailment and died two months later on 16 November 1200.[4] He was buried in Lincoln Cathedral.

Bishop Hugh was responsible for the building of the first (wooden) Bishop's Palace at Buckden in Huntingdonshire, halfway between Lincoln and London. Later additions to the Palace were more substantial and a tall brick tower was added in 1475, protected by walls and a moat, and surrounded by an outer bailey. It was used by the bishops until 1842. The Palace, now known as Buckden Towers, is owned by the Claretians and is used as a retreat and conference centre. A Catholic church, dedicated to St Hugh, is located on the site.

Veneration

Tour d'Avalon, Saint-Maximin, Isère, marking St Hugh's birthplace

Hugh was canonised by Pope Honorius III on 17 February 1220,[1] and is the patron saint of sick children, sick people, shoemakers and swans. Hugh is honoured in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival[7] and in the Episcopal Church (USA) on 17 November.

Hugh's Vita, or written life, was composed by his chaplain Adam of Eynsham, a Benedictine monk and his constant associate; it remains in manuscript form in the Bodleian Library in Oxford.

Hugh is the eponym of St Hugh's College, Oxford, where a 1926 statue of the saint stands on the stairs of the Howard Piper Library. In his right hand, he holds an effigy of Lincoln Cathedral, and his left hand rests on the head of a swan.

At Avalon, a round tower in the Romantic Gothic style was built by the Carthusians in 1895 in Hugh's honour on the site of the castle where he was born.[8]

Iconography

Hugh's primary emblem is a white swan, in reference to the story of the swan of Stow, Lincolnshire (site of a palace of the bishops of Lincoln) which had a deep and lasting friendship with the saint, even guarding him while he slept. The swan would follow him about, and was his constant companion while he was at Lincoln. Hugh loved all the animals in the monastery gardens, especially a wild swan that would eat from his hand and follow him about, and yet the swan would attack anyone else who came near Hugh.[2]

Legacy

Both Buckden Towers, and the local Roman Catholic Church in nearby St Neots, are administered by the Claretians.[9] In Lincoln, there is the Roman Catholic St Hugh's Church. There are many parish churches dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln throughout England including the Church of St Hugh of Lincoln in Letchworth founded by Adrian Fortescue.

A number of churches are dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln in the United States, including: Episcopal Churches in Elgin, Illinois;[10] and Allyn, Washington;[11] St Hugh of Lincoln Roman Catholic Church, Huntington Station, New York[2] and St Hugh of Lincoln Roman Catholic Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,[12] St Hugh Roman Catholic Church and School in Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida.[13]

In 2018 St Hugh was made a subject of the BBC Radio 4 drama The Man who bit Mary Magdalene by Colin Bytheway, starring David Jason as the bishop in search of relics that would help in the construction of Lincoln Cathedral.

St. Rufinus

Feastday: November 16

Death: unknown

With Mark, Valerius, and companions, a group of African martyrs put to death a some time during the persecutions by the Roman Empire.

St. Joseph Moscati

Born 25 July 1880

Benevento, Italy

Died 12 April 1927 (aged 46)

Naples, Italy

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 16 November 1975, Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope Paul VI

Canonized 25 October 1987, Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II

Major shrine Gesù Nuovo Church, Naples, Italy

Feast 16 November

Attributes White coat

Stethoscope

Cross

Patronage Biochemistry

Bachelors

Doctors

Physicians

People rejected by Religious Orders[1

Celebrated physician of Naples, Italy, noted for medical research. Joseph gave his wages and skills to caring for the sick and the poor and was a model of piety and faith. He was beatified in 1975 and canonized in 1987.

Giuseppe Moscati (25 July 1880 – 12 April 1927) was an Italian doctor, scientific researcher, and university professor noted both for his pioneering work in biochemistry and for his piety.[2] Moscati was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1987; his feast day is 16 November

Plaque in memory of Giuseppe Moscati affixed to the building in which he lived in Naples

Moscati remained true to his faith his entire life, taking a vow of chastity and practicing charity in his daily work. He viewed his practice of medical science as a way of alleviating suffering, not as a way of making profits, and would retire regularly for prayer.[6] He also attended Mass daily, and would sometimes use a patient's faith, as well as the sacraments, in his treatments.[7] Moscati also refused to charge the poor for their treatment, and was known to sometimes send a patient home with a prescription and a 50-lira note in an envelope.[2]

It was claimed even before his death that Moscati was a miracle-worker; some said that he could accurately diagnose and prescribe for any patient merely by hearing a list of his symptoms, and that he was responsible for impossible cures.[7] Reports of his good works continued well after his death, with further reports that he interceded in impossible cases. Consequently, he was beatified by Pope Paul VI on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 November 1975.[8] Moscati was canonized on 25 October 1987, by Pope John Paul II. His canonization miracle involved the case of a young ironworker dying of leukemia. The young man's mother dreamed of a doctor wearing a white coat, whom she identified as Moscati when shown a photograph. Not long after this, her son went into remission and returned to work.[2]

Moscati was the first modern doctor to be canonized; his feast day is 16 November.

Saint Gertrude the Great

 புனிதர் மகா கெர்ட்ரூட் 

கன்னியர்/ ஆத்ம பலம் கொண்டவர்/ இறையியலாளர்:

(Virgin, Mystic, and Theologian)

பிறப்பு: ஜனவரி 6, 1256

எய்ஸ்ல்பென், துரிங்கியா, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு

(Eisleben, Thuringia, Holy Roman Empire)

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 1302

ஹெல்ஃப்டா, சேக்சொனி, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு

(Helfta, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 1677

திருத்தந்தை பன்னிரெண்டாம் கிளமென்ட்

(Pope Clement XII)

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 16

பாதுகாவல்: மேற்கிந்திய தீவுகள் (West Indies)

“புனிதர் மகா கெர்ட்ரூட்” (St. Gertrude the Great), ஒரு “ஜெர்மன் பெனடிக்டைன்” (German Benedictine) சபையின் அருட்கன்னியும், மறைபொருளாளரும், இறையியலாளருமாவார்.

இவரது ஆரம்ப கால வாழ்க்கையைப் பற்றி சிறிதளவே அறியப்படுகிறது. கி.பி. 1256ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், ஆறாம் நாள், தூய ரோமப் பேரரசின் கீழுள்ள “துரிங்கியாவின்” (Thuringia) “எய்ஸ்ல்பென்” (Eisleben) எனுமிடத்தில் பிறந்த இவர், தமது நான்கு வயதில் “தூய மரியாளின் துறவு மடத்தின்” (Monastery of St. Mary) பள்ளியில் சேர்ந்து கல்வி கற்றார். இத்துறவு மேடம், “பெனடிக்டைன்” அல்லது “சிஸ்டேர்ஸியன்” (Benedictine or Cistercian) என்று அறியப்படுகிறது. இவர் சிறு வயதிலேயே, தமது பக்தியுள்ள பெற்றோரால் ஆலயத்திற்கு நேர்ந்தளிக்கப்பட்டார் என்று யூகிக்கப்படுகிறது. இவரது குழந்தைப் பருவத்திலேயே இவரது பெற்றோர் மரித்துவிட்டதாயும், இவர் ஒரு அனாதையாகவே மடாலய பள்ளியில் சேர்ந்ததையும் அறிய முடிகிறது.

கி.பி. 1266ம் ஆண்டு, தமது பத்து வயதில் துறவற சமூகத்தில் இணைந்தார். அவர் பல்வேறு துறைகளில் முழுமையான கல்வி பெற்றார் என்பது அவரது எழுத்துக்களிலேயே தெளிவாகிறது. 

கி.பி. 1281ம் ஆண்டு, தமது இருபத்தைந்தாம் வயதில், முதன்முதலாக தொடர் திருக்காட்சிகளை கண்டார். அவரது வாழ்நாள் முழுதும் தொடர்ந்த இவை, அவரது வாழ்வின் போக்கையும் மாற்றியது. அவருடைய முன்னுரிமைகள் மதச்சார்பற்ற அறிவிலிருந்து விலகி, வேதாகமம் மற்றும் இறையியல் பற்றிய ஆய்வுக்கு மாறின. தனிப்பட்ட ஜெபம் மற்றும் தியானத்திற்கு தம்மை தீவிரமாக அர்ப்பணித்துக்கொண்ட கெர்ட்ரூட், தமது துறவற சகோதரியரின் நன்மைகளுக்காக, ஆன்மீக உபதேசங்கள் எழுத ஆரம்பித்தார். பதின்மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டின் பெரும் உள்ளுணர்வுவாதிகளில் ஒருவரானார்.

கி.பி. 1302ம் ஆண்டு, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசிலுள்ள, “எய்ஸ்ல்பென்” (Eisleben), “சேக்சொனி” (Saxony) அருகிலுள்ள “ஹெல்ஃப்டா” (Helfta) எனுமிடத்தில் கெர்ட்ரூட் மரித்தார். இவர் மரித்த சரியான தேதி பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இல்லை.

Also known as

• Gertrude of Helfta

• Gertrudis Helfta

• Gertud von Helfta

• Geltrude

• Gertrudis la Grande

• Gertrude Magna

Profile

We don't know who her parents were or what became of them, and she may have been an orphan. Gertrude was raised in the Benedictine abbey of Saint Mary of Helfta, Eisleben, Saxony from age five. An extremely bright and dedicated student, she excelled in literature and philosophy, and when she was old enough, became a Benedictine nun. At age 26, when she had become too enamored of philosophy, she received a vision of Christ who reproached her; from then on she studied the Bible and the works of the Church Fathers. Gertrude received other visions and mystical instruction, which formed the basis of her writings. She helped spread devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Her writings have been greatly praised by Saint Teresa and Saint Francis de Sales, and continue in print today.

Born

6 January 1256 at Eisleben, Thuringia (part of modern Germany)

Died

• on a Wednesday of Easter season, 17 November 1302 at the convent of Saint Mary's of Helfta, Saxony (part of modern Germany) of natural causes

• relics in the old monastery of Helfta

Canonized

received equipotent canonization, and a was universal feast day declared in 1677 by Pope Clement XII

Patronage

• nuns

• Magdeburg, Germany, diocese of

• Naples, Italy

• West Indies

Representation

• crown

• lily

• taper, candle

Saint Edmund Rich

Also known as

• Edmund of Abingdon

• Edmund of Canterbury

• Edme, Eadmund

Profile

Born to a wealthy and pious family, the son of Reinald and Mabel Rich; his father retired to become a monk, his two sisters became nuns. Studied at Oxford, England, and Paris, France. At Oxford he received a vision of the Child Christ. Priest. Professor of art, mathematics, philosophy and theology at Oxford. Known for his scholarship, piety, and skill as a preacher and writer. Canon of Salisbury, England in 1222. Preached the Sixth Crusade in England in 1227. Consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, England on 2 April 1234. Advisor to King Henry III. Presided over Henry's ratification of the Magna Carta in 1237. Assisted in his public dealings by Saint Richard of Chichester. Prevented civil war in Wales. His support for monastic discipline put him in conflict with his own order, King Henry III, and the papal legate. He died while on a trip to Rome to gain the support of the Pope.

Born

20 November 1175 at Abingdon, Berkshire, England

Died

• 16 November 1240 at Soissy, Burgundy, France of natural causes

• interred at Pontigny, France

• shrine behind the high altar in the Cistercian abbey at Pontigny

Canonized

1247 by Pope Innocent IV

Patronage

• Abingdon, England

• Portsmouth, England, diocese of

Representation

• archbishop making a vow before a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary

• embracing the Child Jesus

• placing a ring on the finger of a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary

• receiving a lamb from the Blessed Virgin Mary

• with Saint Richard of Chichester

• with Saint Thomas a Becket

Saint Margaret of Scotland

 ஸ்காட்லாந்து நாட்டின் புனிதர் மார்கரெட் 

(St. Margaret of Scotland)

ஸ்காட்லாந்து அரசி:

(Queen of Scotland)

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1045

ஹங்கேரி அரசு

(Kingdom of Hungary)

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 16, 1093 

எடின்பர்க், ஸ்காட்லாந்து அரசு

(Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Kingdom of Scotland)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்

(Anglican Communion)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: 1250

திருத்தந்தை நான்காம் இன்னொசென்ட்

(Pope Innocent IV)

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

டுன்ஃபெர்ம்லின் மடம், ஃபிஃப், ஸ்காட்லாந்து

(Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 16

பாதுகாவல்: 

ஸ்காட்லாந்து (Scotland), டுன்ஃபெர்ம்லின் (Dunfermline), ஃபிஃப் (Fife), ஷெட்லேண்ட் (Shetland), அரசியின் பயணப்படகு (The Queen's Ferry), ஆங்கிலோ-ஸ்காட்டிஷ் உறவுகள் (Anglo-Scottish relations)

ஸ்காட்லாந்து நாட்டின் புனிதர் மார்கரெட், “ஆங்கிலேய இளவரசர் எட்வர்ட்” (English prince Edward the Exile) மற்றும் “அகதா” (Agatha) ஆகியோரின் மகள் ஆவார். ஆங்கிலேய இளவரசியும் (English princess), ஸ்காட்டிஷ் அரசியுமான (Scottish queen) இவர், “ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் மார்கரெட்” (Margaret of Scotland) என்றும், “வெஸ்செக்ஸின்’ மார்கரெட்” (Margaret of Wessex) என்றும் அறியப்படுகிறார். சில சமயம், “ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் முத்து” (The Pearl of Scotland) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்.

ஹங்கேரி அரசில் பிறந்த இவரும் இவரது குடும்பத்தினரும் 1057ம் ஆண்டு, இங்கிலாந்து இராச்சியத்துக்குத் திரும்பினார்கள். மார்கரெட் 1057ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து தன் மாமாவின் கண்காணிப்பில் இங்கிலாந்தில் வளர்ந்தார். 1066ம் ஆண்டு “நார்மன்” இங்கிலாந்தை வெற்றி கொண்டதும், (Norman conquest of England) இவரின் 20ம் வயதில் ஸ்காட்லாந்திற்கு திரும்பிச் சென்றார். அங்கே, 1070ம் ஆண்டின் இறுதியில், ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் அரசர் 3ம் மால்கோம் (King Malcolm III of Scotland) என்பவரிடம் பழகி, பின்னர் அவரையே திருமணம் செய்து, ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் அரசியானார். அவருடைய கணவர், அவரை கிறிஸ்தவ மறையை தழுவக்கூடாது என்று கட்டளையிட்டார். ஆனால் அவர் தன் கணவரின் பேச்சை மறுத்து, மேலும் தன் கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்தில் வேரூன்றி இருந்தார்.

பக்தியுள்ள பெண்ணான அரசி, ஏழை மக்களின் வாழ்வில் அதிக அக்கறை கொண்டு வாழ்ந்தார். அவர்களுக்கு பலவிதங்களில் உதவினார். ஏழைகளை தன் இதயத்தில் சுமந்து உதவினார். தான் ஓர் அரசியாக இருந்தபோதும், துறவிகளைப் போலவே, ஏழ்மையான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்தார். தவறாமல் நோன்பிருந்து செபித்து பல நலன்களை பெற்றார். பலவிதங்களிலும் ஒறுத்தல் செய்து வாழ்ந்தார். அநேக தொண்டு பணிகளைச் செய்தார்.

இங்கிலாந்துக்கு எதிராக நடந்த ஒரு போரில் (Battle of Alnwick) கலந்துகொள்ள சென்ற இவரது கணவரான அரசர் “மூன்றாம் மால்கானு'ம்” (Malcolm III) அவரது இருபத்தியிரண்டே வயதான மூத்த மகன் “எட்வர்டும்” (Edward) 13 நவம்பர் 1093 அன்று கொல்லப்பட்டனர். ஐம்பது வயதுகூட பூர்த்தியாகாத மார்கரெட் ஏற்கனவே தொடர் நோன்பு மற்றும் ஒருத்தல்களினால் பலவீனமாக இருந்தார். தமது கணவரும் மூத்த மகனும் மரித்துப் போன செய்தியைக் செவியுற்ற அவர், மூன்றாம் நாளே (1093ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 16ம் நாள்) மரித்தார். 1250ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை “நான்காம் இன்னசன்ட்” (Pope Innocent IV) இவருக்கு புனிதர் பட்டம் வழங்கினார்.

Also known as

Margaret of Wessex

Additional Memorial

16 June in Scotland

Profile

Granddaughter of King Edmund Ironside of England. Great-niece of Saint Stephen of Hungary. Born in Hungary while her family was in exile due to the Danish invasion of England, she still spent much of her youth in the British Isles. While fleeing the invading army of William the Conqueror in 1066, her family's ship wrecked on the Scottish coast. They were assisted by King Malcolm III Canmore of Scotland, whom Margaret married in 1070. Queen of Scotland. They had eight children including Saint Maud, wife of Henry I, and Saint David of Scotland. Margaret founded abbeys and used her position to work for justice and improved conditions for the poor.

Born

c.1045 in Hungary

Died

• 16 November 1093 at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, four days after her husband and son died in defense of the castle

• buried in front of the high altar at Dunfermline, Scotland

• relics later removed to a nearby shrine

• the bulk of her relics were destroyed in stages during the Protestant Reformation and the French Revolution

Canonized

1251 by Pope Innocent IV

Patronage

• against the death of children

• for learning

• parents of large families

• queens

• widows

• Dunfermline, Scotland

• Scotland

Representation

queen dispensing gifts to the poor, often while carrying a black cross

Blessed Agnes of Assisi

அசிசி_நகர்ப்_புனித_ஆக்னஸ் (1197-1253)

நவம்பர் 15

அசிசி நகரைச் சார்ந்தவரான இவர் (#St_Agnes_Of_Assisi), புனித கிளாராவின் இளைய சகோதரி.

இவருக்குப் பதினைந்து வயது நடக்கும்போது, எல்லாவற்றையும் துறந்துவிட்டு தன் சகோதரியின் சபையில் சேர்ந்து, அவரைப் போன்று கற்பு, ஏழ்மை, கீழ்ப்படிதல் ஆகியவற்றைக் கடைப்பிடித்து வாழத் தொடங்கினார். 

இதற்கு இவருடைய உறவினர்களிடமிருந்தும் பெற்றோரிடமிருந்தும் கடுமையான எதிர்ப்பு வந்தது. ஆனாலும் இவர் தன்னுடைய முடிவில் மிக உறுதியாக இருந்ததால், அவர்களால் இவரை ஒன்றும் செய்ய முடியவில்லை.

இதற்குப் பிறகு 1219 ஆம் ஆண்டு, அசிசி நகர்ப் புனித பிரான்சிஸ் இவரை மோன்டிசெல்லி( Monticelli) எந்த இடத்தில் இருந்த துறவுமடத்தில்  தலைவியாக நியமித்தார். அங்கு இவர் தன்னுடைய எடுத்துக்காட்டான வாழ்வால் பலருக்கும் முன் மாதிரியாக இருந்தார்.

இவர் தன்னுடைய கடின உழைப்பால் வெனிஸ், பாதுவா ஆகிய இடங்களில் துறவு மடங்களை நிறுவி, கிறிஸ்துவைப் பற்றிய நற்செய்தி பல இடங்களிலும் பரவக் காரணமாக இருந்தார்.

மேலும் இவர் தன் சகோதரி கிளாராவின் கடைசிக் காலத்தில் அவரோடு இருந்து, அவருக்குப் பேருதவி செய்தார். அவர் இறந்த அடுத்த மூன்றாவது மாதத்தில், அதாவது 1253 ஆம் ஆண்டு நவம்பர் திங்கள் பதினாறாம் நாள் இவர்  இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.

Profile

Daughter of Count Favorino Scifi and Blessed Hortulana, she was raised in a series of castles in and around Assisi, Italy. Younger sister of Saint Clare of Assisi, and her first follower, leaving home two weeks after Clare to join the Benedictines at San Angelo di Panzo at age fifteen. The family tried to bring Agnes back by force, dragging her from the monastery, but her body became so heavy that several knights could not budge her. Her uncle Monaldo tried to beat her, but was temporarily paralyzed. The family then left Agnes and Clare in peace.

In 1221 a group of Benedictine nuns in Monticelli asked to become Poor Clares, and Saint Francis assigned Agnes as their abbess. Agnes wrote about how much she missed Clare and the other nuns at San Damiano, and after establishing other Poor Clare monasteries in northern Italy, Agnes was recalled in 1253 when Clare was dying. Agnes followed Clare in death three months later.

Born

1197 at Assisi, Italy

Died

• 16 November 1253 at the monastery of San Damiano of natural causes

• buried in the Santa Chiara church, Assisi, Italy

• miracles reported at her tomb

Beatified

1753 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmed)

Patronage

Poor Clares

Representation

• young Poor Clare nun holding a book

• with Saint Clare of Assisi

• being dragged by her hair from a convent

Saint Othmar of Saint Gall

Also known as

Audemar, Audomar, Otmar

Profile

Educated in the ancient provice Rhaetia, an area in modern Switzerland and Germany. Priest. Presided over a church of Saint Florinus in Rhaetia, probably the same church where Saint Florinus worked and was buried. Appointed abbot at Saint Gall, Switzerland in 720, and united the area monks into a monastery under the rule of Saint Columban. As abbot, he added a hospital and school, and changed the monastery's rule to Benedictine. Legend says that when Othmar fed the poor from a barrel of provisions, it never became empty, no matter how much he took from it.

In 759, Counts Warin and Ruodhart unjustly tried to gain possession of property belonging to the abbey. Othmar resisted, they imprisoned him at the castle of Bodmann, then on the island of Werd-on-the-Rhine where he died. His cultus spread soon after his death, and he is now one of the most popular saints in Switzerland.

Died

• 16 November 759 at Werd-on-the-Rhine, near Echnez, Switzerland

• body transferred to monastery of Saint Gall in 769

• body entombed in the church of Saint Othmar at Saint Gall in 867

Representation

Benedictine abbot holding a barrel in his hand

Saint Afan of Wales

Also known as

Avan, Avanus

Profile

Bishop. Nothing else is known about him for certain; various writers have made him a descendant of the 3rd century Cynedda Wledig, King of Britain, a cousin of 6th century Saint David of Wales, and the 10th century bishop Jeuan who was killed by Viking invaders, but no one today knows for sure.

The church dedicated to him at Lanafan Fawr, Powys, Wales was apparently a site of pilgrimages in times past, and site of at least one miracle. The English Lord Philip de Braose came to the area to hunt, and decided that the church was the best lodging for him and his dogs. When he woke at sunrise, his dogs had gone mad and he was blind. His sight was only restored by making his willingness to fight in the Crusades.

Died

entombed in the churchyard of Saint Afan's Church, Lanafan Fawr, Powys, Wales

Blessed Edward Osbaldeston

Additional Memorials

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland and Wales

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

Profile

Son of Thomas Osbaldeston. Studied at the English College in Douai, France, and then at the seminary in Rheims, France. Ordained on 21 September 1585. On 27 April 1589 he returned to England to minister to covert Catholics. Had a great devotion to Saint Jerome. Betrayed by Thomas Clark, an apostate priest, he was arrested at an inn in Tollerton, Yorkshire on 30 September 1594. Tried for high treason by reason of being a priest, he was quicklly condemned. Martyr.

Born

c.1560 in Osbaldeston, Lancashire, England

Died

hanged, drawn and quartered on 16 November 1594 at York, North Yorkshire, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Simeon of Cava

Also known as

Symeon

Profile

Fourth abbot of the abbey of Cava dei Tirreni in Campania, Italy. Elected in 1124, he served for 16 years of great political turmoil between state and Church; his rule was noted for his concern for the local laity under the abbey's protection, and for the works of the monks he sent out to reform other houses. Held in high esteem and sought out consellor by bishops, fuedal lords, King Roger II, Pope Anacletus II and Pope Innocent II.

Died

• 16 November 1140 at Cava dei Tirreni monastery, Campania, Italy

• buried in Arsicia cave with other abbot of Cava dei Tirreni

• relics enshrined at the altar of Saint Benedict in the monastery church in 1928

Beatified

18 May 1928 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmation)

Patronage

Castellabate, Italy (proclaimed on 6 April 1963)

Blessed Zef Marksen

Also known as

Josef Marxen

Profile

Studied in Vienna, Austria, and ordained in Munich, Germany on 21 June 1936 as a priest for the diocese of Lezhë, Albania. Arrested in Shijak, Albania in February 1945 for remaining Catholic following the Communist take over. Sentenced to prison where he was eventually murdered. Martyr.

Born

5 August 1906 in Worringen, Cologne, Germany

Died

shot on 16 November 1946 in the high security prison in Tiranë, Albania

Beatified

• 5 November 2016 by Pope Francis

• beatification celebrated at the Square of the Cathedral of Shën Shtjefnit, Shkodër, Albania, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato

Saint Eucherius of Lyon

Profile

Born to the nobility, well educated, and known for his learning and as a gifted speaker. Married to Galla, who became a nun in later life; father of at least two sons – Saint Veranus of Vence and Saint Salonius of Geneva. In 422 he became a monk at Lérins, France, and Galla became a nun. Wrote works on asceticism. Reluctant bishop of Lyons, France in 434. Presided over the Council of Orange in 441. Worked with Saint Hilary of Arles.

Died

449 of natural causes

Saint Anianus of Asti

Profile

Fifth century bishop of Asti, Italy. Little information and survived, and historians don't agree on any of it.

Died

• buried in the crypts under the cathedral of Saint John in Asti, Italy

• re-interred in the church of San Sisto in Asti in 1567

• when the church became structurally un-sound the relics were enshrined in an urn beneath the high altar of the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Asti on 12 August 1696

Saint Leocadio of Déols

Also known as

Leocadius, Leucadio

Additional Memorial

23 November (Bourges, France)

Profile

Father of Saint Ludre. Imperial Roman senator in Déols, Gaul (in modern France). A pagan, he converted to Christianity in the early 4th century, brought to the faith by Saint Ursinus of Bourges, brought in missionaries to his area, supported Ursinus, and converted his own house into a church for their use.

Saint Gobrain of Vannes

Also known as

Gobrien

Profile

Breton monk. Priest. Bishop of Vannes, France. At age 87, he retired from his see to live his remaining days as a hermit. Known for healing by prayer.

Died

• 725 of natural causes

• interred in the Chapelle de Saint Gobrien, Saint-Servant, France

Feast of the Patronage of Our Lady

About

Feast permitted by a 1679 decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites for all provinces of Spain, in memory of the victories obtained there over infidels. Pope Benedict XIII granted it to the Papal States and it may now be celebrated with due permission by churches throughout the world.

Saint Alfric of Canterbury

Also known as

Aelfric, Alfrick

Profile

Benedictine monk of Abingdon Abbey, England. Abbot of Abingdon. Bishop of Wilton, England. Archbishop of Canterbury, England in 995. It was during his governance that Kent was invaded by Danes.

Died

1005 of natural causes

Saint Fidentius of Padua

Also known as

Fidenzio

Profile

Third bishop of Padua, Italy, serving from 166 to 168.

Patronage

• Megliadino San Fidenzio, Italy

• Polverara, Italy

Saint Ludre

Additional Memorial

1 November (Jerome Martyrology)

Also known as

Lusor, Lusore

Profile

Son of Saint Leocadio of Déols. A convert, he died almost immediately after baptism, still wearing the white robes.

Died

relics at Déols on the Indre (in modern Bourges, France)

Saint Elpidius the Martyr

Profile

Official in the court of Emperor Constantius. He was demoted from the court by Julian the Apostate. Martyr.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Saint Africus of Comminges

Also known as

Afrique of Comminges

Profile

Seventh century bishop of Comminges, France.

Died

relics and shrine destroyed by Calvinists in the 16th century

Saint Céronne

Profile

Raised in a pagan family. Convert, baptized at Bordeaux, France where she became an evangelist.

Born

Corneilhan, France

Died

490 of natural causes

Saint Marcellus the Martyr

Profile

Martyr.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Saint Agostino of Capua

Also known as

Augustine

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Decius.

Died

c.250 in Capua, Campania, Italy

Saint Felicita of Capua

Also known as

Felicity

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Decius.

Died

c.250 in Capua, Campania, Italy

Saint Eustochius the Martyr

Profile

Martyr.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Martyrs of Africa

Profile

A group of North African Christians murdered together for their faith, date unknown. We know little more than their names - Baricus, Donatus, Honoratus, Januarius, Justus, Markus, Paulus, Rufinus, Valerius, Victor and Vitalis.

Martyrs of Almeria

Profile

Soon after the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, the Communist-oriented Popular Front had all clergy and religious arrested and abused as they considered staunch Christians to be enemies of the revolution. Many of these prisoners were executed for having promoted the faith, and this memorial remembers several of them killed in the province of Almeria.

• Adrián Saiz y Saiz

• Bienvenido Villalón Acebrón

• Bonifacio Rodríguez González

• Diego Ventaja Milán

• Eusebio Alonso Uyarra

• Isidoro Primo Rodríguez

• Justo Zariquiegui Mendoza

• Manuel Medina Olmos

• Marciano Herrero Martínez

Beatification

10 October 1993 by Pope John Paul II