புனிதர்களை பெயர் வரிசையில் தேட

Translate

24 November 2022

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 25

 St. Alnoth

இவர் (#St_Alnoth) இங்கிலாந்து நாட்டைச் சார்ந்தவர்.




புனித வெர்பர்க்கின் துறவு மடத்தில் ஆடு, மாடு மேய்ப்பவராகத் தன் வாழ்க்கையைத் தொடங்கிய இவர், தூய்மைக்கும் பொறுமைக்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த எடுத்துக்காட்டாக விளங்கினார்.


பின்பு இவர் ஸ்டோவ் (Stowe) என்ற இடத்திற்குச் சென்று, ஒரு துறவியைப் போன்று இறைவேண்டலுக்கும் நோன்பிற்கும் ஒறுத்தலுக்கும் மிகுந்த முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுத்து வாழ்ந்தார்.


ஒருமுறை கொள்ளையர்கள் இருவர், இவரிடம் இருப்பதை அபகரித்து விட்டுப் போகலாம் என்று இவரிடம் வந்தனர்; ஆனால் அவர்கள் இருவரும் இவரிடம் எதுவும் இல்லாததைக் கண்டு இவரைக் கொலை செய்தனர்.


இவர் கொல்லப்பட்ட ஆண்டு கி.பி 700 ஆகும்

Feastday: November 25

Death: 700


Herder and hermit, mentioned in the life of St. Werburga. Alnoth tended cows on the lands of St. Werburga's monastery at Weedon, in Northhampton, England. He was badly used by a local official, earning a reputation for holiness and patience. Alnoth retired from active life and became a hermit. Two robbers accosted him in his hermitage, slaying him. He is honored locally as a martyr, and his tomb at Stowe, near Bubrook in Northhampton, became a popular shrine for pilgrims.


Ælfnoth or Alnoth (died 700) was an English hermit and martyr. Little is known of his life, though he is mentioned in Jocelyn's life of Saint Werburgh as a pious neatherd at Weedon, who bore with great patience the ill-treatment of the bailiff placed over him, and who afterwards became a hermit in a very lonely spot, where he was eventually murdered by two robbers. On this ground he was honoured as a martyr; and there was some concourse of pilgrims to his tomb at Stowe near Bugbrooke in Northamptonshire. Ælfnoth is not mentioned in any surviving early calendars; his feast was later kept on 27 February or on 25 November.




Saint Catherine of Alexandria

 அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா நகர புனிதர் கேதரின் 

(St. Catherine of Alexandria)


கன்னியர்/ இளவரசி/ மறைசாட்சி:

(Virgin, Princess and Martyr)


பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 287

அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா, ரோமன் எகிப்து

(Alexandria, Roman Egypt)


இறப்பு: கி.பி. 305 (வயது 17–18)

அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா, எகிப்து

(Alexandria, Egypt)


ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Orthodox Church)

ஓரியண்ட்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Oriental Orthodoxy)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்

(Anglican Communion)

லூதரன் திருச்சபை

(Lutheranism)


முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

செயின்ட் கேதரின் துறவற மடம்

(Saint Catherine's Monastery)


நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 25


பாதுகாவல்:

திருமணமாகாத பெண்கள், எதிர்த்து வாதிடுபவர்கள், சக்கரத்துடன் வேலை செய்யும் கைவினைஞர்கள் (குயவர்கள், நெசவாளர்கள்), இறக்கும் மக்கள், கல்வியாளர்கள், பெண்கள், நீதிபதிகள், கத்தி தீட்டுபவர்கள், வழக்கறிஞர்கள், நூலகர்கள், நூலகங்கள், பாலிஹோல் கல்லூரி (Balliol College), மாஸ்ஸி கல்லூரி (Massey College), மணமாகாத இளம் பெண், ஆலை உரிமையாளர்கள், தொப்பி தயாரிப்பாளர்கள், செவிலியர், தத்துவவாதிகள், சாமியார்கள், அறிஞர்கள், பள்ளிக் குழந்தைகள், செயலர்கள், தட்டச்சர், மாணவர்கள், இறையியலாளர்கள், ஓவியேடோ பல்கலைக்கழகம் (University of Oviedo), பாரிஸ் பல்கலைக்கழகம் (University of Paris), செஜ்டன் (Żejtun), மால்ட்டா (Malta), ஸுர்ரியேக் (Żurrieq), பக்பிலாவோ (Pagbilao), கியூசொன் (Quezon), ஃபிலிப்பைன்ஸ் (Philippines), கர்கர் நகரம் (Carcar City), செபு (Cebu), கடேரிணி (Katerini), கிரேக்கம் (Greece)


“அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா நகர புனிதர் கேதரின்” (Saint Catherine of Alexandria) என்றும், “சக்கரங்களின் புனிதர் கேதரின்” (Saint Catherine of the Wheel) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் இப்புனிதர், “மகா மறைசாட்சிப் புனிதர் கேதரின்” (The Great Martyr Saint Catherine) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறார். மரபுகளின்படி, கிறிஸ்தவ புனிதரும், கன்னியருமான இவர், நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டின் தொடக்கத்தில் அரசாண்ட ரோம பாகனிய பேரரசரான “மேக்சன்ஷியஸ்” (Pagan Emperor Maxentius) என்பவரது ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் மறைசாட்சியாக மரித்தவர் ஆவார்.


இவரது சுயசரிதத்தின்படி, இளவரசியும், குறிப்பிடப்படும்படியான அறிஞருமான இவர், தமது பதினான்கு வயதில் கிறிஸ்தவ சமயத்திற்கு மனம் மாறினார். நூற்றுக்கணக்கான பாகன் இன மக்களை கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக மனம் மாற்றிய இவர், தமது பதினெட்டு வயதில் மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார். அவரது தியாகத்தை தொடர்ந்து 1,100 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு பின்னர் தோன்றிய புனிதர் “ஜோன் ஆஃப் ஆர்க்” (Saint Joan of Arc), தமக்கு காட்சியளித்ததும், ஆலோசனைகள் கூறியதுவும் புனிதர் கேதரினே என்று அடையாளம் கண்டுகொண்டார்.


கேதரினம், பாரம்பரிய கதைகளின்படி, கி.பி. 286–305 ஆண்டு காலத்தில் ஆண்ட ரோமப் பேரரசர் (Roman Emperor) “மேக்சிமியன்” (Maximian) காலத்தில், எகிப்திய அலெக்சான்றியாவின் (Egyptian Alexandria) ஆளுநராக (Governor) இருந்த “கான்ஸ்டஸ்” (Constus) என்பவரது மகள் ஆவார். சிறு வயதிலிருந்தே கல்வியில் ஆர்வம் காட்டி கற்றுவந்த இவருக்கு காட்சியளித்த, குழந்தை இயேசுவை ஏந்தி வந்த அன்னை கன்னி மரியாள், கேதரினை கிறிஸ்தவராக மனம் மாறுமாறு அறிவுறுத்தினார்.


பேரரசர் “மேக்சன்ஷியஸ்” (Emperor Maxentius) கிறிஸ்தவர்களை துன்புறுத்த தொடங்கியபோது, கேதரின் பேரரசரை அணுகி, அவரது கொடுமைகளுக்காக அவரைக் கடிந்துகொண்டார். ஐம்பது சிறந்த பாகன் இன தத்துவவாதிகளையும் (Pagan Philosophers), திறமையான பேச்சாளர்களையும் (Orators) அழைத்த பேரரசர், கேதரினுடன் பொது விவாதத்தில் ஈடுபட உத்தரவிட்டார். அவர்கள் கேதரினுடைய கிறிஸ்தவம் சார்பான வாதங்களை தமது திறமையான வாதங்களால் நிராகரிப்பார்கள்; தப்பென்று எடுத்துக்காட்டுவார்கள் என்று எதிர்பார்த்தார். ஆனால், கேதரின் அவரது எதிர்பார்ப்புகளை பொய்யாக்கினார். அவரை எதிர்த்து அவர்களால் ஜெயிக்க இயலவில்லை. கேதரின் தம்மை எதிர்த்தவர்களை தமது சொற்பொழிவால் வெற்றிகொண்டார். அவர்களில் பெரும்பாலானோர் தம்மை கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக சாற்றினர். அவர்களனைவரும் பேரரசனால் கொல்லப்பட்டனர்.


கேதரினை பிடித்து கசையால் அடித்து சிறையிலிட்டனர். குறுகிய கால வேளையில், அவரைக் காண இருநூற்றுக்கும் மேற்பட்டோர் சிறைச் சாலைக்கு வந்தனர். அவர்களை, பேரரசனின் மனைவியும், ரோமப் பேரரசியுமான (Empress of the Romans) “வலேரியா மேக்சிமில்லா” (Valeria Maximilla) ஒருவர். அவர்களனைவரும் கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக மனம் மாறினார்கள். தொடர்ந்து, அவர்களனைவரும் மறைசாட்சியர்களாக கொல்லப்பட்டனர்.



கொடூரமான துன்புறுத்தல்களால் அழகியும் புத்திசாலியுமான இளவரசி கேதரினை வசப்படுத்த இயலாத “பேரரசர் மேக்சன்ஷியஸ்” (Emperor Maxentius) திருமண ஆசை காட்டினான். அவனை புறங்கையால் நிராகரித்த புனிதர், தமது மணவாளன் இயேசுவே என்று சாற்றினார். தமது கன்னிமையை அவருக்கே அர்ப்பணிப்பதாகவும் அறிவித்தார். ஆத்திரமடைந்த பேரரசன், உடைந்த சக்கரத்தின் மீது கேத்தரினை கட்டி கொள்ளுமாறு கட்டளையிட்டான். ஆனால், கேதரின் அச்சக்கரத்தை தொட்டதுமே அது மேலும் உடைந்து தகர்ந்து போனது. இறுதியில், கேதரின் தலை வெட்டப்பட்டு படுகொலை செய்யப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

Katherine, Ekaterina, Katharina, Katarina



Profile

Apocryphal. Born to the nobility. Learned in science and oratory. Converted to Christianity after receiving a vision. When she was 18 years old, during the persecution of Maximinus, she offered to debate the pagan philosophers. Many were converted by her arguments, and immediately martyred. Maximinus had her scourged and imprisoned. The empress and the leader of the army of Maximinus were amazed by the stories, went to see Catherine in prison. They converted and were martyred. Maximinus ordered her broken on the wheel, but she touched it and the wheel was destroyed. She was beheaded, and her body whisked away by angels.


Immensely popular during the Middle Ages, there were many chapels and churches devoted to her throughout western Europe, and she was reported as one of the divine advisors to Saint Joan of Arc. Her reputation for learning and wisdom led to her patronage of libaries, librarians, teachers, archivists, and anyone associated with wisdom or teaching. Her debating skill and persuasive language has led to her patronage of lawyers. And her torture on the wheel led to those who work with them asking for her intercession. One of the Fourteen Holy Helpers.



While there may well have been a noble, educated, virginal lady who swayed pagans with her rhetoric during the persecutions, the accretion of legend, romance and poetry has long since buried the real Catherine.


Died

beheaded c.305 in Alexandria, Egypt




Saint Peter of Alexandria


Profile

Suffered in the persecution of Decius, but survived. Renowned for his knowledge of science and the Bible. Head of the catechetical school at Alexandria, Egypt. Bishop of Alexandria in 300. Opposed extreme Origenism. May have been the first to deal with the Arian heresy.



During the Diocletian persecution, Peter fled the area with many of his flock. Criticized by many for being lenient and forgiving to Christians who had renounced their faith during the persecutions. However, when a rogue bishop usurped Peter's position, the Meletian schism broke out in his clergy, and Peter had to return from hiding to deal with it. Peter excommunicated Meletius and convened a synod of bishops to condemn the schism. His writings were used in the Council of Ephesus and the Council of Chalcedon.


Bishop Peter was martyred with Father Dio, Father Ammonius, and Father Faustus, three of his priests, in the persecutions of Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus. As he was the last Christian martyred in Alexandria by civil authorities, the Coptic Church calls him "the seal and complement of the martyrs".


Born

at Alexandria, Egypt


Died

• martyred in 311 at Alexandria, Egypt

• initially buried in an Alexandria martyr's cemetery

• most relics later enshrined in a church at Grasse, France




Blessed Beatrice d'Ornacieux


Also known as

• Beatrice di Ornacieu

• Beatrice of Eymeu

• Beatrix...



Additional Memorial

• 27 November (diocese of Grenoble, France)

• 13 February (diocese of Valence, France)


Profile

In 1273, at the age of thirteen, Beatice joined the Carthusians at the Charterhouse of Parménie, France. In 1301, she and two others, Luisa Alleman of Grésivaudan and Margherita di Sassenaye, were sent to found the monastery of Eymeu in the diocese of Valance, France. Noted for her devotion to the Passion of Christ, offering herself to suffer for others and as penance for the world. Said to have driven a nail through her left hand to help realize the sufferings of the Crucifixion.


Born

c.1260 in Ornacieu, Dauphine (in the southeastern area of modern France


Died

• 25 November 1303 at the monastery of Eymeu, Valence (in modern France) of natural causes

• re-interred in Parménie, France

• re-interred in the Olivetan sanctury there in 1901

• relics enshrined in the church of Rancurel


Beatified

15 April 1869 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmation)




Blessed Elizabeth Achler


Also known as

• Elizabeth Acheer

• Elizabeth Achlin

• Elizabeth Bona von Reute

• Elizabeth den Gode

• Elizabeth of Reute

• Elizabeth the Good

• Elizabeth the Recluse

• Elizabeth von Reute

• Betha, Elisabeth, Elsbeth



Additional Memorial

9 December (Franciscans)


Profile

Born poor, the daughter of John and Anne Achler. Franciscan tertiary at age 14, but found it hard to lead a religious life while living with her parents. At age 17 she joined four other tertiaries in a community in Reute, Germany; she lived there the rest of her life. For most of her life she was subject to ecstasies, and received visions of heaven, hell and purgatory. Stigmatist whose wounds hurt constantly, but which bled on Fridays and during Lent. Had the gift of inedia, eating nothing but the Eucharist for long periods.


Born

25 November 1386 at Waldsee, Wurttemberg, Swabia, Germany


Died

• 25 November 1420 at Reute, Germany of natural causes

• buried in the church at Reute


Beatified

19 July 1766 by Pope Clement XIII (cultus confirmed)


Patronage

Swabia, Germany



Saint Petrus Yi Ho-yong


Also known as

Peteuro, Pietro, Peter



Additional Memorial

20 September as one of the Martyrs of Korea


Profile

Brother of Saint Agatha Yi So-sa. Layman catechist in the apostolic vicariate of Korea. Imprisoned for four years, regularly beaten, several bones broken, and he eventually died from his mistreatment. One of the earliest of the Martyrs of Korea.


Born

1803 in Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea


Died

25 November 1838 in Seoul Prison, South Korea of abuse received in prison


Canonized

6 May 1984 by Pope John Paul II



Blessed Beatrix of Ornacieux


Also known as

Beatrice


Additional Memorial

27 November in the diocese of Grenoble, France



Profile

Carthusian nun. Founded a Carthusian house at Eymieux, France. Known for her devotion to the Passion of Christ; said to have driven a nail through her left hand to help realize the sufferings of the Crucifixion.


Born

c.1260 in Ornacieu, France


Died

c.1306 at the monastery at Eymieux, France of natural causes


Beatified

15 April 1869 by Pope Pius IX (cultus confirmed)



Saint Moses of Rome


Profile

May have been of Jewish ancestry. Imperial Roman citizen. Priest. Noted preacher. Adamant opponent of the heresy of Novatianism. Correspondent with Saint Cyprian at the beginning of the persecutions of Decius. After the execution of Pope saint Fabian under Emperor Decius, he administered the Church with the help of the priests and bishops who were in Rome. Helped reconcile repentant apostates who were sick and about to die. Imprisoned for nearly a year for his faith. Martyr.


Born

Rome, Italy


Died

c.251 from terrible conditions in prison



Saint Mercurius of Caesarea


Also known as

Mercury


Profile

Scythian Christian soldier who distinguished himself against the barbarian invaders of the Roman empire, and gained the notice of Decius. However, he refused to sacrifice to the pagan god Artemis, and so was tortured and executed. Some versions of his story include angelic visions and messages received in dreams, but his being a soldier and martyr is all we really know.


Died

• beheaded c.250 Caesarea, Cappadocia

• relics enshrined in several churches in southern Italy



Saint Audentius of Milan


Also known as

Audenzio


Profile

Born to the imperial Roman nobility, and a sentator from Milan. When visited Saint Julius of Novara on the island of Orta he was so taken by Julius' obvious holiness that he gave him moral, spiritual and financial support in his evangelization work.


Died

• c.400 of natural causes

• buried on Isola San Giulio, Italy next to Saint Julius


Patronage

Pettenasco, Italy



Blessed Ekbert of Muensterschwarzach


Also known as

Egbert, Eckbert, Ekkbert



Profile

Monk at Gorze. Abbot of Mönsterschwarzach, Bavaria, Germany.


Born

c.1010


Died

1075 of natural causes



Saint Imina of Würzburg


Also known as

Imma, Immina


Profile

Daughter of Duke Hedan II of Thuringia. Donated Marienburg castle in Würzburg, Germany to Bishop Burkhard, and retired from public life to become a nun. Abbess at Karlburg, Franconia.


Born

c.700 at Würzburg, Germany


Died

752 of natural causes



Blessed Adalbert of Caramaico


Profile

Benedictine monk at Casauria, Abruzzi, Italy. He retired to live as a hermit in the Caramaico mountain area near Chieti, Italy. There he attracted so many would-be spiritual students that he founded the Saint Nicholas monastery for them.


Died

c.1045 of natural causes



Blessed Conrad of Heisterbach


Also known as

Konrad


Profile

Soldier. Ministered to the margraves of Thuringia until he was about 50 years old. He then became a Cistercian monk at Heisterbach Abbey in western Germany.


Died

c.1200 at Heisterbach Abbey, Germany of natural causes



Blessed Jacinto Serrano López


Profile

Dominican priest. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.


Born

30 July 1901 in Urrea de Gaén, Teruel, Spain


Died

25 November 1936 in Híjar, Teruel, Spain


Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II



Blessed Santiago Meseguer Burillo


Profile

Dominican priest. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.


Born

1 May 1885 in Híjar, Teruel, Spain


Died

25 November 1936 in Híjar, Teruel, Spain


Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Erasmus of Antioch


Also known as

Elme


Profile

Priest. Bishop in Syria. During a period of persecution of Christians, he fled to Mount Linanus and lived as a hermit for 17 years. Martyred in the persecutions of Licinius.


Born

Antioch, Syria


Died

Antioch, Syria



Saint Alanus of Lavaur


Also known as

Alain, Ala


Profile

Seventh century founder and abbot of the monastery of Lavaur in Gascony (in modern France).


Died

• 7th century of natural causes

• relics preserved in the hospice of the house he founded



Blessed Garcia of Arlanza


Profile

Soldier. Monk. Abbot of Arlanza monastery, Burgos, Spain in 1039. Friend and counsellor of King Ferdinand I of Castile.


Born

at Quintanilla, Old Castile (in modern Spain)


Died

c.1073 of natural causes



Saint Marculo of Numidia


Also known as

Marcolo


Profile

Bishop. Murdered for his faith by a man named Macario in the reign of emperor Constantine. Martyr.


Died

thrown from a rock in 347 in Numidia



Saint Jucunda of Reggio Aemilia


Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Prosper of Reggio. Nun.


Born

Reggio Aemilia, Italy


Died

466 of natural causes



Saint Bernold of Ottobeuren


Profile

Benedictine monk and priest of Ottobeuren in Bavaria, Germany. Known in his day as a "wonder worker".


Died

c.1050 of natural causes



Blessed Guido of Casauria


Profile

Benedictine monk at Farfa, Italy. Abbot of the monastery at Casauria, Abruzzi, Italy.


Died

c.1045 of natural causes



Saint Maurino of Agen


Also known as

Maurin, Maurinus


Profile

Sixth century evangelist in the rural areas of Agen, Aquitaine (in modern France). Martyr.



Martyrs of Africa


Profile

A group of 13 Christians murdered together for their faith in Africa, date unknown. The only details to have survived are their names - Claudian, Cyprian, Donatus, Felix, Januarius, Julian, Lucian, Marcian, Martialis, Peter, Quirianus, Victor and Vitalis.



கர்தினால் சார்லஸ் மார்டியல் அல்லெமாண்ட் லவிகேரீ Charles-Martial-Allemand Lavigerie


பிறப்பு 

31 அக்டோபர் 1825, 

பயோன்னே Bayonne, பிரான்சு



இறப்பு 

25 நவம்பர் 1892, 

அல்ஜீரியா


இவர் குருவாக திருநிலைப்படுத்தப்பட்டு பேராசிரியராக பணியாற்றினார். 1863 ஆம் ஆண்டு நான்சி (Nancy) என்ற மறைமாவட்டத்திற்கு ஆயராக தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். பின்னர் 1867 ல் அல்ஜீரியாவிற்கு பேராயராக தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். பின்னர் 1882 ல் கர்தினாலாக உயர்த்தப்பட்டார். பின்னர் ஆப்ரிக்காவில் மறைபரப்புப் பணியை ஆற்றச் சென்றார். பின்னர் 1886 ல் "வெள்ளை அருள்தந்தையர்" (Weißen Vater) என்ற பெயரிலும் "வெள்ளை அருள்சகோதரிகள்" (Weißen Schwestern) என்ற பெயரிலும் சபை ஒன்றை நிறுவினார். 



இவர் ஆப்ரிக்காவில் முஸ்லீம் இன மக்களிடையே தன் மறைபரப்பு பணியை ஆற்றினார். ஆப்ரிக்காவின் பல்வேறு நகரங்களில் மறைபரப்பு மையங்களை நிறுவினார். பின்னர் மால்டாவில் Malta மறைக்கல்வி நிறுவனம் ஒன்றையும் நிறுவினார். பின்னர் 12 நவம்பர் 1890 ல் மறைப்பணீயை பரப்புவதற்காக அல்ஜீரியாவிற்கு வரவழைக்கப்பட்டார். அங்கு இவர் கார்த்தாகோவில் Karthago இருந்த பேராலயத்தில் பணிபுரிந்துவந்தார். பல இளைய பெண்களுக்கு வழிகாட்டி துறவியாக்கினார். 

St. Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand (1825-1892)


Charles Martial Allemand Lavigerie, Cardinal Archbishop of Algiers and Carthage, Primate of Africa, missionary founder and anti-slavery campaigner, was born near Bayonne in the Basque region of southern France. After his schooling, he studied theology at Saint Sulpice in Paris. In 1854, after priestly ordination and further studies, he was appointed professor of church history in the university of the Sorbonne, Paris. In 1860, as director of the work for oriental schools, he travelled to Lebanon and Syria to administer relief to Christians there, following the massacre by the Druses. During this journey he met the exiled Algerian leader, Abd el Kader, and was impressed by his humanity and Islamic culture. He also developed an interest in churches of the eastern rites and became aware of the twin threats to their existence of Muslim pressure and Catholic Latinization. On his return, he joined the staff of the Vatican as an auditor of the Roman Rota. At this time he also made the acquaintance of Daniel Comboni and his ideas for the regeneration of Africa.


In 1863 he was appointed Bishop of Nancy, France and was placed in line for the important archiepiscopal see of Lyons. However, he declined this prestigious appointment, and asked instead for the colonial see of Algiers, to which he was appointed archbishop in 1867. Algeria had become a French colony in 1830, and under Napoleon III was designated an “Arab Kingdom.” Although the French authorities discouraged proselytism among Muslims, Lavigerie made it clear that he had come to serve the whole population of Algeria and that his ultimate aim was to evangelize the entire continent of Africa. To this end he founded the Society of Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) in 1868 and the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa (White Sisters) in 1869. After difficult beginnings, these international missionary societies attracted large numbers of recruits in France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and Canada. Lavigerie established orphanages and schools for the child victims of successive famines in Algeria. In 1868 he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to the Sahara and Sudan by Pope Pius IX and ten years later was entrusted by Pope Leo XIII with the evangelization of sub-Saharan Africa. In 1878 he started a seminary in Jerusalem for Catholic students of the Greek Melchite rite, but his ambition to halt Latinization by himself becoming Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem was not realized.


From 1878 his missionaries established themselves in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa and, after his death, in the French territories of West Africa. Created a Cardinal in 1882, Lavigerie revived the ancient see of Carthage, with the title Primate of Africa, when the French annexed Tunisia. Throughout 1888 Lavigerie conducted a personal campaign against slavery in the capitals of Europe. In this campaign he made known the heart-rending experiences of slavery witnessed by his missionaries in equatorial Africa. The campaign resulted in the anti-slavery conferences of Brussels and Paris. At the request of Pope Leo XIII, Lavigerie pronounced the celebrated “Toast of Algiers” in 1890 in order to rally support for the French republican government. In doing this he forfeited the considerable support he was receiving from traditional French Catholics. Lavigerie was a passionate and far-sighted humanitarian, never far from controversy, but possessing a strong faith in the ability of African Christians to carry out the effective evangelization of their continent.

23 November 2022

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 24

 Martyrs of Vietnam

 புனித ஆண்ட்ரூ, டங்-லாக் மற்றும் குழுவினர் 

(St. Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions)

நினைவுத் திருநாள் : நவம்பர் 24

கம்யூனிச அடக்குமுறையிலும் தழைத்து வளர்ந்த கிறிஸ்தவம்!

வியட்னாமை, டான்கின், அன்னாம், கோகின் சினா ஆகிய மூன்று அரசுகள் ஆட்சி செய்துவந்த காலத்தில் போர்த்துக்கீசியர்கள் வழியாக அந்நாட்டில் கிறிஸ்தவம் பரவியது. 

1615ம் ஆண்டில் Da Nang என்ற இடத்தில் இயேசு சபையினர் மறைப்பணித்தளத்தை ஆரம்பிதனர். ஜப்பானில் கிறிஸ்தவத்துக்கு எதிராக நடந்த அடக்குமுறைகளுக்குத் தப்பிவந்த ஜப்பானியர்களுக்கு இவர்கள் மறைப் பணியாற்றினார்கள். ஆனால் வியட்நாமை ஆட்சி செய்த அரசர்களில் ஒருவர் அனைத்து வெளிநாட்டு மறைபோதகர்களையும் தடை செய்தார். 

கிறிஸ்தவத்தை ஏற்றுக்கொண்ட வியட்நாம் நாட்டினர் அனைவரையும் விசுவாசத்தை மறுதலிக்குமாறு சிலுவையில் அறைந்து துன்புறுத்தினார். 

1820ம் ஆண்டுக்குப் பின்னர் அறுபது ஆண்டுகளுக்கு இக்கொடுமைகள் அதிகரித்தன. அச்சமயத்தில் ஒரு இலட்சம் முதல் மூன்று இலட்சம் கத்தோலிக்கர் வரை கொல்லப்பட்டனர் மற்றும் மிகவும் கடினமான வேலைகள் கொடுக்கப்பட்டனர். இதில் பல வெளிநாட்டவரும் கொல்லப்பட்டனர். வியட்நாம் பேரரசர் மின்ங் மான்ங் என்பவரின் மகன்களில் ஒருவரால் வழிநடத்தப்பட்ட கிளர்ச்சிக்கு வியட்னாம் கிறிஸ்தவர்களும் வெளிநாட்டு மறைப்பணியாளர்களும் ஆதரவு தருகின்றார்கள் என்று சந்தேகப்பட்டு 1847ல் அடக்குமுறைகள் அதிகமாயின. 

1862ம் ஆண்டில் ஒன்பது வயது சிறுவன் உட்பட 17 பொதுநிலையினர் கொல்லப்பட்டனர். 1839ம் ஆண்டு டிசம்பர் 21ம் தேதி ஹனோய்ப் பகுதியில் 117 பேர் தலைவெட்டி கொலை செய்யப்பட்டனர். அவர்களில் ஒருவர் ஆன்ட்ரூ டுங் லாக். வியட்னாமின் வட பகுதியில் வாழ்ந்த இவரது ஏழைக் குடும்பம், பிழைப்பு தேடி ஹனோய்ப் பகுதிக்குச் சென்றது. அப்போது இவர் கிறிஸ்தவம் பற்றி அறிந்து அதை ஏற்றார். 1823ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் 15ம் தேதி குருத்துவ அருள்பொழிவும் பெற்றார் ஆன்ட்ரூ. இவரது வாழ்வுமுறை மற்றும் போதனையினால் மக்கள் பெருமளவில் திருமுழுக்குப் பெற்றனர். 

கிறிஸ்தவர்களை வெறித்தனத்தோடு கொலைசெய்துவந்த பேரரசர், ஆன்ட்ரூவைக் கைது செய்தார். ஆயினும் துறவற சபை அருட்பணியாளர்கள் பணம் கொடுத்து இவரை மீட்டனர். இப்படி மீண்டும் மீண்டும் கைது செய்யப்பட்டார் ஆன்ட்ரூ. இறுதியில் கொலை செய்யப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

• Martyrs of Tonkin

• Martyrs of Annam

• Martyrs of IndoChina




Profile

Between the arrival of the first Portuguese missionary in 1533, through the Dominicans and then the Jesuit missions of the 17th century, the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century, and the Communist-led terrors of the twentieth, there have been many thousands of Catholics and other Christians murdered for their faith in Vietnam. Some were priests, some nuns or brothers, some lay people; some were foreign missionaries, but most were native Vietnamese killed by their own government and countrymen.



Record keeping being what it was, and because the government did not care to keep track of the people it murdered, we have no information on the vast bulk of the victims. In 1988, Pope John Paul II recognized over a hundred of them, including some whose Causes we do have, and in commemoration of those we do not. They are collectively known as the Martyrs of Vietnam (or Tonkin or Annam or the other older names of that country).

Through the missionary efforts of various religious families beginning in the sixteenth century and continuing until 1866, the Vietnamese people heard the message of the gospel, and many accepted it despite persecution and even death. On June 19, 1988, Pope John Paul II canonized 117 persons martyred in the eighteenth century. Among these were ninety-six Vietnamese, eleven missionaries born in Spain and belonging to the Order of Preachers, and ten French missionaries belonging to the Paris Foreign Mission Society. Among these saints are eight Spanish and French bishops, fifty priests (thirteen European and thirty-seven Vietnamese), and fifty-nine lay people. These martyrs gave their lives not only for the Church but for their country as well. They showed that they wanted the gospel of Christ to take root in their people and contribute to the good of their homeland. On June 1, 1989, these holy martyrs were inscribed in the liturgical calendar of the Universal Church on November 24th.

They include -



• Blessed Andrew the Catechist • Saint Agnes De • Saint Anrê Tran An Dung • Saint Anrê Tran Van Trông • Saint Anrê Tuong • Saint Antôn Nguyen Ðích • Saint Antôn Nguyen Huu Quynh • Saint Augustine Moi Van Nguyen • Saint Augustine Schoffler • Saint Augustinô Nguyen Van Moi • Saint Augustinô Phan Viet Huy • Saint Bênadô Võ Van Duê • Saint Clemente Ignacio Delgado Cebrián • Saint Daminh Ninh • Saint Domingo Henares de Zafra Cubero • Saint Dominic Uy Van Bui • Saint Ðaminh Bùi Van Úy • Saint Ðaminh Ðinh Ðat • Saint Ðaminh Huyen • Saint Ðaminh Mau • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Ðuc Mao • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Van Hanh • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Van Xuyên • Saint Ðaminh Pham Trong Kham • Saint Ðaminh Toai • Saint Ðaminh Trach Ðoài • Saint Ðaminh Tuoc • Saint Emanuele Lê Van Phung • Saint Emmanuel Nguyen Van Trieu • Saint Etienne-Théodore Cuenot • Saint Francesc Gil de Federich de Sans • Saint Francis Trung Von Tran • Saint Francis Xavier Can Nguyen • Saint François Jaccard • Saint François-Isidore Gagelin • Saint Giacôbê Ðo Mai Nam • Saint Gioan Ðat • Saint Gioan Ðoàn Trinh Hoan • Saint Giuse Ðang Van Viên • Saint Giuse Hoàng Luong Canh • Saint Giuse Nguyen Duy Khang • Saint Giuse Nguyen Ðình Nghi • Saint Giuse Nguyen Ðình Uyen • Saint Giuse Pham Trong Ta • Saint Jacinto Castañeda Puchasóns • Saint Jean-Charles Cornay • Saint Jean-Théophane Vénard • Saint John Baptist Con • Saint John-Louis Bonnard • Saint José Fernández de Ventosa • Saint José María Díaz Sanjurjo • Saint José Melchór García-Sampedro Suárez • Saint Joseph Marchand • Saint Luca Pham Trong Thìn • Saint Martinô Ta Ðuc Thinh • Saint Martinô Tho • Saint Mateo Alonso de Leciñana • Saint Matthêô Nguyen Van Ðac Phuong • Saint Micae Nguyen Huy My • Saint Nicolas Bùi Ðuc The • Saint Nicolas Bùi Ðuc The • Saint Pere Josep Almató Ribera Auras • Saint Phanxicô Ðo Van Chieu • Saint Phanxicô Xaviê Can • Saint Phanxicô Xaviê Hà Trong Mau • Saint Phaolô Hanh • Saint Phaolô Lê Bao Tinh • Saint Phaolô Nguyen Ngân • Saint Phaolô Nguyen Van My • Saint Phaolô Vu Van Duong • Saint Phêrô Dung • Saint Phêrô Ða • Saint Pherô Ðoàn Van Vân • Saint Phêrô Khan • Saint Phêrô Lê Tùy • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Bá Tuan • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Khac Tu • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Van Luu • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Van Tu • Saint Phêrô Thuan • Saint Phêrô Truong Van Ðuong • Saint Phêrô Truong Van Thi • Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa • Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa • Saint Phêrô Vu Van Truat • Saint Pierre Rose Ursule Dumoulin Borie • Saint Pierre-François Néron • Saint Stêphanô Nguyen Van Vinh • Saint Tôma Ðinh Viet Du • Saint Tôma Nguyen Van Ðe • Saint Tôma Toán • Saint Tôma Tran Van Thien • Saint Valentin Faustino Berri Ochoa • Saint Vihn Son Ðo Yen • Saint Vincent Liêm • Saint Vinh Son Nguyen The Ðiem • Saint Vinh Son Tuong • Saint Vinh-Son Duong •


Died

martyred in various ways and in various locations in Vietnam


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II




Saint Albert of Louvain


Also known as

• Albert of Leuven

• Albert of Liege

• Alberto di Lovanio

• Albrecht of...


Additional Memorial

27 November (Belgium)



Profile

Son of Duke Godfrey III of Brabant. Made a canon of Liege, Belgium at age 12, a political appointment for guaranteed income rather than a religious vocation. He gave up the position at age 21 to become a knight under Count Baldwin V of Hainault, a bitter enemy of his native Brabant. He talked of going on Crusade, but never did, and eventually realized that religious life was calling him. He became a canon of Liege again, this time as a true vocation.


Archdeacon and provost of Brabant. Bishop of Liege in 1191. Albert of Rethel, cousin of Count Baldwin and uncle of the Empress Constance, wife of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, had sought the episcopacy. He appealed to the emperor for help; Henry removed Albert from the position and made a third candidate, Lothaire, who was the provost of Bonn, Germany, the new bishop of Liege. Albert then appealed to the Vatican, both for himself and to help clearly establish the Pope's supremacy in the matter. Celestine III declared Albert's election valid, and returned him to Liege. Lothair refused to surrender the see; Henry backed him, and forced the priests in the diocese to submit to Lothair.


Bruno, archbishop of Cologne, Germany was supposed to ordain Albert, but refused, fearing the emperor. William, archbishop of Rheims, France, ordained Albert as priest, and then as bishop. In an attempt to end the matter in the emperor's favour, a group of Henry's knights ambushed and murdered Albert on the road outside Rheims. The plan backfired, however, as Lothair was excommunicated and exiled, and Henry was forced to submit to Rome and do penance; lay investiture (civil control over ordinations) took another serious blow.


Born

c.1166 in Brabant (in modern Belgium)


Died

• stabbed on 21 November 1192 on the road outside Rheims, France

• buried in Rheims

• relics transferred to a Carmelite convent in Brussels, Belgium in 1612

• some relics re-located to the cathedral in Liege, Belgium in 1822


Canonized

1621 by Pope Paul V




Saint Romanus of Le Mans


Also known as

• Romanus of Blaye

• Romanus of Bordeaux

• Romanus of the Garonne

• Romanus of Tours


Profile

Summoned across the Alps to LeMans by his uncle, Saint Julian, missionary bishop of the area, who ordained him. Missionary to the area around the river Gironde. Noted for being backward, shy, introverted, and a lousy preacher, he still made converts one after another, healing, exorcising demons, and quietly bringing the Gospel to the pagans. Worked especially with the sailors of the area.


When Julian died, Romanus returned to LeMans to mourn and to care for his uncle's tomb. Other people were buried nearby in order to be near a saint, and a group of monks dedicated to caring for the graves, and who called themselves the Grave-Diggers grew up around the churchyard. Romanus joined them, and spent the rest of his days caring for the tombs, bringing the faithful to their final resting place, and bringing the comfort of the faith to the mourners.


Born

Rome, Italy


Died

• November 385 of natural causes at Blaye, France

• interred next to Saint Julian of Le Mans


Patronage

against shipwreck



Blessed Maria Anna Sala


Profile

Daughter of Giovanni and Giovannina Sala; fifth of eight children in a pious family. Educated in the convent school by the Sisters of Saint Marcellina in Vimercate, Italy. She wanted to join the Sisters, but her family needed her help, and Maria returned home. In 1848, her family obligations fulfilled, she returned to the Sisters, and made her profession on 13 September 1852. Over the next four decades she taught at the Marcellina schools in Cernusco, Chambery, Genoa, and Milan. Diagnosed with throat cancer in 1883, she kept the matter to herself and continued to work for another eight years. Throughout the beatification investigation and recognition everyone involved stressed Maria's quiet dignity and her unwavering devotion to Christ no matter how severe her pain or trying her circumstances.



Born

21 April 1829 at Brivio, Italy


Died

• 24 November 1891 at Milan, Italy of throat cancer

• remains found to be incorrupt when her Cause was introduced in 1920


Beatified

26 October 1980 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Flora of Cordoba


Profile

Born to Muslim parents. She and her mother converted to Christianity - Flora was raised Christian, her brother Muslim. She was often abused at home for her faith. She took a private vow of chastity, and ministered to Christian prisoners. When her parents announced an arranged marriage to an Islamic man, Flora and her Christian friend Mary ran away, briefly hiding with the home of Flora's sister. The sister, however, feared being accused of harboring Christians, and threw the two out. Her brother publicly betrayed her to the Islamic authorities. She was imprisoned and scourged, escaped, was recaptured, and martyred as part of the persecutions of Abderrahman II.



Born

Cordoba, Spain


Died

tortured and beheaded by Moors in 851 or 856 (sources vary on the year) in Cordoba, Spain


Patronage

• abandoned people

• betrayal victims

• converts

• martyrs

• single laywomen



Saint Bieuzy of Brittany


Also known as

Beuzi, Beuzit, Bieuzi, Bihi, Bihui, Bihuy, Bihy, Bilhwi, Bili, Bilicus, Bizuy, Budoc



Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Gildas the Wise. Followed Gildas in his work in Brittany (part of modern France). Monk. Known for his gift healing men and animals. Murdered by a nobleman refusing the man's summons to heal some rabid dogs; Bieuzy stayed at the monastery for religious services. Martyr.


Born

6th century in Anglo-Saxon Britain


Died

• stabbed in the head with a sword in the 7th century

• a healing spring of water appeared on the place he died in Pluvigner, France; it's supposed to extremely effective against toothache, rabies, headaches and dog bites

• relics enshrined in the church in Pluvigner


Patronage

• against madness

• against rabies



Saint Pierre Rose Ursule Dumoulin Borie


Also known as

• Peter Dumoulin

• Peter Dumoulin-Borie



Profile

Studied at the seminary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, beginning in 1829. Ordained in 1832. Missionary to Tonkin (modern Vietnam). Arrested for his faith in 1836. During his two years in prison, where he was regularly beaten and tortured, he was appointed titular bishop and vicar apostolic of western Tonkin.


Born

20 February 1808 in Beynat, Corrèze, diocese of Tulle, France


Died

• beheaded on 24 November 1838 at Ðong Hoi, Quang Bình, Vietnam

• relics transferred to Paris, France in 1843


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Colman of Cloyne


Also known as

• Colman MacLenini

• Colman Mac Lenine

• Colman MacLenine



Profile

Son of Lenin. Poet. Royal bard, poet, musician, court historian, and genealogist at Cashel, Ireland. Adult convert at age fifty, being baptized by Saint Brendan the Navigator; he had become involved with Brendan and Christianity while helping recover the stolen shrine of Saint Ailbhe from a lake. Priest. Evangelist in Limerick and Cork. Teacher of Saint Columba. Bishop of Cloyne, county Cork, Ireland.


Born

530 in Munster, Ireland


Died

c.600 of natural causes


Canonized

1903 (cultus confirmed)


Patronage

diocese of Cloyne, Ireland



Saint Protasius of Milan


Also known as

• Protasius Algisi

• Protasio...



Profile

Born to the Italian nobility. Priest. Bishop of Milan, Italy c.330, serving the rest of his life over 20 years later. Supported Saint Athanasius of Alexandria against the Arians. Attended the synod of Sardica in 343, and used it as a platform against Arianism.


Died

• 352 in Milan, Italy of natural causes

• interred of the church of San Vittore in Milan

• tomb reported to be the site of miraculous cures, including that of a blind child, a miracle witnessed by Saint Augustine of Hippo



Saint Portianus of Miranda


Also known as

Porciano, Pourçain



Profile

Slave. He ran from his masters, and sought refuge in Miaranda monastery, Auvergne, France. He became a monk there, and later abbot. At one point he demanded that the Merovingian king, Thierry of Austrasia, release his Auvergnate prisoners; Portianus was so influential, the king agreed.


Died

533 of natural causes




Saint Chrysogonus


Also known as

Crisogono, Grisogono


Additional Memorial

16 April (Greek calendar)



Profile

Priest. Functionary of the vicarius Urbis. Christian teacher of Saint Anastasia of Sirmium, the daughter of the Roman noble Praetextatus. Thrown into prison during the persecution of Diocletian, he comforted Anastasia by his letters. Martyred under Diocletian.


Died

• beheaded on 23 November 304 at Aquileia, Italy

• his corpse was thrown into the sea, washed ashore, and was buried by the aged priest, Zoilus, at Venice, Italy

• his head is in the Church of Saint Chrysogonus, Rome, Italy



Saint Kenan of Damleag


Also known as

Cianan, Kay, Kea, Quay


Profile

Descended from the royalty of Munster. In his youth, Kenan was one of fifty hostages given to King Leogair by the Irish princes as a guarantee of peace. Freed by the intercession of bishop Kiaran. Spiritual student of Saint Martin of Tours in France. Knew Saint Patrick who admired him and his writing skills. Bishop of Duleek, Ireland. First in Ireland to build his cathedral in stone; it was built on the site of a pagan altar he destroyed when he converted the people.


Born

Irish


Died

24 November 489 of natural causes



Saint Eanfleda of Whitby


Also known as

Eanflaed


Profile

Princess, the daughter of King Saint Edwin of Northumbria and Saint Ethelburga of Kent. Cousin of Saint Hilda of Whitby. Baptized by Saint Paulinus of York. Great supporter and patron of Saint Wilfrid of York. Married to King Oswy of Northumbria, and mother of Saint Elfleda. Widowed. Benedictine nun at Whitby, which was then under the leadership of her daughter Elfleda.


Born

7th century Northumbria, England


Died

c.700 in Whitby, England of natural causes



Saint Mary of Cordoba


Also known as

Maria


Profile

Friend of Saint Flora, and ran away with her, briefly hiding in the home of Flora's sister. The sister, however, feared being accused of harboring Christians, and threw the two out. Betrayed to the Islamic authorities by Flora's brother, she was imprisoned and scourged for her faith, escaped, was recaptured, and executed. Martyr.


Died

tortured and beheaded by Moors in 851 or 856 (sources vary on the year)


Patronage

martyrs



Saint Vinh Son Nguyen The Ðiem


Also known as

Vincent Diem


Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of West Tonkin. Worked with bishop Saint Peter Dumoulin. One of the Martyrs of Vietnam.


Born

c.1761 in An Dó, Quang Tri, Vietnam


Died

martyred on 24 November 1838 in Ðong Hoi, Quang Bình, Vietnam


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Firmina of Amelia

 புனிதர் ஃபிர்மினா 

(St. Firmina) 

மறைசாட்சி: 

இறப்பு: கி.பி. மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டு 

ஏற்கும் சமயம்: 

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church) 

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்: 

அமெலியா பேராலயம்

(Amelia Cathedral) 

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 24 

பாதுகாவல்: 

அமெலியா (Amelia), இத்தாலி (Italy), சிவிடவெச்சியா Civitavecchia

புனிதர் ஃபிர்மினா, இத்தாலியின் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க புனிதரும், கன்னியரும், மறைசாட்சியுமாவார்.

மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்ததாக கூறப்படும் இவர், “டயக்லேஷியன்” (Diocletian) எனும் ரோமப் பேரரசனின் (Roman emperor) காலத்தில் துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார். ஆனால் அவரைப் பற்றிய அனைத்து தகவல்களும் 6வது நூற்றாண்டுக்கு முன்பே எழுதப்பட்ட ஒரு வரலாற்றுக் குறிப்பிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கின்றன. பின்னர் சில நேரங்களில் முரண்பாடான விவரங்களுடன் வாய்வழி பாரம்பரியம் இதைப் பயன்படுத்துகிறது.

ஃபிர்மினா ஒரு உயர் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பெண்ணாவார். அவரது தந்தை “கல்பர்னியஸ்” (Calpurnius) ரோம அரசின் ஒரு உயர் அதிகாரியாவார். “ஒலிம்பியாடிஸ்” (Olympiadis) எனும் ஒரு ரோம உயர் அதிகாரி, ஃபிர்மினாவை அடைய முயற்ச்சித்தார். ஆனால், ஃபிர்மினா அவரை கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்திற்கு மனம் மாற வைத்தார். இதன் காரணமாக, பிறகு “ஒலிம்பியாடிஸ்” மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார்.

பின்னர், மத்திய இத்தாலியின் பிராந்தியமான “நார்தும்ப்ரியா” (Umbria) எனுமிடத்தினருகேயுள்ள “அமேலியா” (Amelia) எனும் நகரில் தனிமையில் செப வாழ்வு வாழ ஃபிர்மினா சென்றார். அங்கே, அவர் “டயக்லேஷியனால்” (Diocletian) துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு கொலை செய்யப்பட்டு புதைக்கப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

Fermina



Profile

Maiden martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.


Born

Roman citizen

Died

tortured to death c.303 at Amelia, Umbria, Italy


Patronage

• Amelia, Italy

• Civitavecchia, Italy

• Terni-Narni-Amelia, Italy, diocese of



Blessed Balsamus of Cava


Also known as

• Belsamus of Cava

• Balsam of...


Profile

Benedictine monk. Abbot of Cava, Italy from 1208 to 1232.


Died

24 November 1232 at Cava, Italy of natural causes


Beatified

16 May 1928 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmed)




Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa


Also known as

• Peter Choa

• Peter Khoa


Profile

Priest. Worked with bishop Saint Peter Dumoulin. Martyr.


Born

c.1790 in Thuan Nghia, Nghe An, Vietnam


Died

strangled to death on 24 November 1838 in Ðong Hoi, Quang Bính, Vietnam


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II



Blessed Conrad of Frisach


Also known as

Konrad


Profile

Doctor at the university of Bologna, Italy. Dominican, received into the Order by Saint Dominic himself. Missionary to Germany. Died while singing the Psalm, Cantate Domino canticum novum (Sing a new song unto the Lord).


Died

1239 in Magdeburg, Germany of natural causes



Blessed Archangel of Anspagh


Profile

Franciscan friar and confessor known for his zeal for the faith and his simple, ascetic life.


Born

15th century Anspagh, Austria


Died

1496 in Camerino, Italy of natural causes



Saint Crescentian of Rome


Also known as

Crescentianus


Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Maxentius.


Died

• tortured to death on the rack in 309 at Rome, Italy

• relics re-enshrined in the 9th century



Saint Hitto of Saint-Gall


Also known as

Hatto, Hildo


Profile

Born to the Swabian nobility in the 10th century; brother of Saint Wiborada of Gall. Priest. Provost of Saint Magnus church. Monk at Saint-Gall, Switzerland.



Saint Marinus of Maurienne


Profile

Benedictine monk at Maurienne in Savoy (part of modern France). Hermit near Chandor Abbey. Martyred by Saracens.


Born

Italy


Died

731 at Chandor Abbey



Saint Felicissimus of Perugia


Profile

Martyred under Diocletian.


Died

c.303 in Perugia, Italy




Saint Leopardinus of Vivaris


Profile

Seventh century monk and abbot of the monastery of Saint Symphorian in Vivaris, province of Berry, France.



Saint Alexander of Corinth


Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Julian the Apostate.


Died

martyred in 361 in Corinth, Greece



Martyred in the Spanish Civil War


Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:


• Blessed Antonia Gosens Sáez De Ibarra

• Blessed Cándida Cayuso González

• Blessed Clara Ezcurra Urrutia

• Blessed Concepción Rodríguez Fernández

• Blessed Daría Campillo Paniagua

• Blessed Erundina Colino Vega

• Blessed Feliciana de Uribe Orbe

• Blessed Félix Alonso Muñiz

• Blessed Francisco Borrás Román

• Blessed Justa Maiza Goicoechea

• Blessed María Concepción Odriozola Zabalía

• Blessed María Consuelo Cuñado González

• Blessed Niceta Plaja Xifra

• Blessed Paula Isla Alonso