இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 22

 St. Lucretia

Feastday: November 22

Death: 306

Saint Lucretia is a revered figure in Roman history and Christianity, known for her unwavering virtue and tragic fate. She is traditionally believed to have lived in ancient Rome during the reign of the last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus.

The Legend of Lucretia

The legend of Lucretia is recounted by the Roman historian Livy in his "Ab Urbe Condita Libri." According to the story, Lucretia was a noblewoman of exceptional beauty and virtue, married to the respected nobleman Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus. Her peaceful life was shattered when she was assaulted by Sextus Tarquinius, the son of the tyrannical king.

Overwhelmed by shame and grief, Lucretia summoned her father Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus and her husband Collatinus, along with their trusted friend Lucius Junius Brutus. She revealed the heinous act of Sextus Tarquinius and, after extracting an oath of vengeance from the men, took her own life by stabbing herself.

The tragic death of Lucretia sparked widespread outrage and rebellion among the Roman people. Brutus, who had witnessed Lucretia's plight and vowed justice, led the uprising that eventually overthrew the Tarquin dynasty and established the Roman Republic.

Veneration as a Saint

Lucretia's unwavering virtue and her tragic demise made her a symbol of female purity and courage. She was revered as a saint in early Christian tradition, and her story continues to be celebrated in art, literature, and historical accounts.

Representation in Art

The story of Lucretia has been a popular subject for artists throughout history. She is often depicted in paintings and sculptures as a beautiful and virtuous woman, sometimes shown at the moment of her suicide or surrounded by mourners. Some notable representations include:

Blessed Tommaso Reggio

Profile

Son of Angela Pareto and the Marquis of Reggio. Tommaso felt a call to the priesthood at age 20; he studied and was ordained on 18 September 1841. Vice-rector of the seminary in Genoa, Italy at age 25. Rector of the seminary in Chiavari, Italy.

Helped found The Catholic Standard, the first Catholic newspaper. In 1865 the Standard and 25 other papers supported slates of Catholic candidates, hoping to found a Catholic political party. However, in 1874 Catholics were told they could not vote, and Father Tommaso closed the paper.

Bishop of Ventimiglia, Italy in 1877; the diocese was so poor, Tommaso had to travel to his parishes on a mule. He opened new parishes, organized three synods and liturgical revival, set up teaching programs. Prayed every night from 3 to 6 a.m., and never let anyone see him worry. Founded the Sisters of Saint Martha in 1878, a congregation devoted to caring for the poor.

Following an earthquake in 1887, he worked with the injured in the rubble, and ordered his priests to use all resources to help the displaced. Founded orphanages at Ventimiglia and San Remo, Italy to house, educate, and train children who had lost their families in the quake.

In 1892 he asked the Pope to relieve him of his duties; instead, on 11 July the Pope appointed him archbishop of Genoa, Italy. The city was politically complex and tense, but his humble, open, pious generosity won over many, and people in and out of the Church came to him with problems. Set up a network to help immigrants, worked for Catholic lay associations, supported limited work hours and complete days off for working people - radical notions in those days. He died while on pilgrimage with a group of other bishops and clergy.

Born

8 January 1818 at Genoa, Italy

Died

• afternoon of 22 November 1901 at Triora, Imperia, Italy of natural causes

• funeral held at the Cathedral of San Lorenzo, Genoa, Italy

Beatified

• 3 September 2000 by Pope John Paul II

• the beatification miracle involved the healing of Pabla Valdenegro Romero, a six-year-old girl, of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (polyradiculoneuritis), with albumin-cytological dissociation, ascending paralysis with cranial nerve involvement, quadriplegia, prolonged respiratory failure, two cardiac arrests, subcutaneous emphysema, and other infectious pulmonary complications in Valpariso, Chile, on 10 November 1985

Saint Cecilia

 புனிதர் செசிலியா 

கன்னியர் மற்றும் மறைசாட்சி:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. இரண்டாம் நூற்றாண்டு

ரோம், இத்தாலி

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 22, 230

சிசிலி

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

லத்தீன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

கிழக்கு கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

தூய செசிலியா தேவாலயம், ட்ரஸ்டேவெர், ரோம்

பாதுகாவல்: 

பாசுரங்கள் (Hymns), இசைக்கலைஞர்கள், கவிஞர்கள், "ஒமாஹா பேராயம்" (Archdiocese of Omaha), அர்ஜென்ட்டினா (Argentina), “மர் டெல் ப்லடா” – ஒரு அர்ஜென்டினிய நகரம் (Mar del Plata – An Argentinian City), ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France)

புனிதர் செசிலியா, இசைக்கலைஞர்களின் பாதுகாவலர் ஆவார். தமது திருமணத்தின்போது, தமது மனதுக்குள் கடவுளிடம் பாடினார் என்று எழுதி வைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. திருப்பலியின்போது, பெயர் சொல்லி நினைவு கூறப்படும் (அன்னை கன்னி மரியாளைத் தவிர்த்து) ஏழு பெண்களுள் செசிலியாவும் ஒருவர் ஆவார்.

அவரது சரித்திர விவரங்கள் கற்பனையாக இருப்பதாகத் தோன்றினாலும், அவரது இருப்பு மற்றும் மறைசாட்சியம், ஒரு வரலாற்று உண்மை என்றே கருதப்படுகிறது. ரோம் நகரின் “டிரஸ்டேவியர்” (She is said to have been beheaded with a sword) பகுதியிலுள்ள, நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டில் நிறுவப்பட்ட, “தூய செசிலியா” (Santa Cecilia) எனும் ஒரு ஆதி கிறிஸ்தவ ரோமன் தேவாலயத்தின் பக்கத்திலயே செசிலியா வசித்துவந்ததாகவும் கூறப்படுகிறது. பல்வேறு இசையமைப்புகள் அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள புனிதர் செசிலியாவின் நினைவுத் திருநாள், நவம்பர் மாதம் 22ம் நாள் கொண்டாடப்படுகின்றது.

ரோம் நகரின் பிரப்புக்கள் குடும்பமொன்றினைச் சேர்ந்த பெண்ணான செசிலியா, தமது கணவரான “வலேரியன்” (Valerian), கணவரின் சகோதரரான “’டிபர்ஷியஸ்” (Tiburtius), மற்றும் “மேக்சிமஸ்” (Maximus) எனும் பெயர்கொண்ட ரோம சிப்பாய் ஆகியோர் “பேரரசர் அலெக்சாண்டர் செவெரஸ்” (Emperor Alexander Severus) காலத்தில், சுமார் கி.பி. 230ம் ஆண்டில் மறைசாட்சியராக மரித்தனர்.

ஓரு ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்து, கிறிஸ்துவுக்காக வாழ வேண்டுமென்று சிறுவயதிலிருந்தே விரும்பியவர் புனிதர் செசிலியா ஆவார். இளம் வயதிலேயே தன் கன்னிமையை கடவுளுக்கு அர்ப்பணம் செய்ததால் திருமணம் செய்துகொள்ள விரும்பவில்லை. ஆனால் இவரின் பெற்றோர் செசிலியாவை “வலேரியன்” (Valerian) என்ற “பாகன் இன பிரபுத்துவ” (Pagan Nobleman) இளைஞர் ஒருவருக்கு திருமணம் செய்ய நிச்சயம் செய்தனர். ஆனால் அதனை செசிலியா பெரிதாக கருதாமல் தன்னுடைய ஆன்மீக காரியங்களில் மட்டுமே கருத்தாக இருந்தார். வலேரியனுடன் திருமணம் செய்யவிருப்பதை வெறுத்தார். இருப்பினும் பெற்றோரை எதிர்த்து அவரால் ஒன்றும் செய்ய இயலாமல் தவித்தார்.

திருமண நாள் வந்தது. இவரின் பெற்றோர் இவருக்கு திருமண உடையை அணிவித்தபோது இதயம் வலித்தவராய், தன்னை முழுவதும் தன் மணவாளன் இயேசுவிடம் ஒப்படைத்து செபித்தார். பெற்றோர் இவரை கணவரிடம் ஒப்படைத்தபோது, தான் கடவுளிடம் கொடுத்த கற்பு என்னும் வார்த்தைப்பாட்டை உன்னிடம் இழக்கமாட்டேன் என்று உறுதியாக தெளிவாக கூறினார். தான் கடவுளுக்கு மட்டுமே சொந்தமானவள் என்பதை தைரியமாக எடுத்துக்கூறினார்.

அவள் தன் கணவனை நோக்கி, "கடவுளின் தூதர் ஒருவர் என் கற்புக்கு காவலராய் இருக்கிறார். எனவே, என்னுடைய கன்னிமைக்கு தீங்கிழைக்கக்கூடிய அல்லது கடவுளது கோபத்தை உம்மீது வரச்செய்யும்படியான எதையும் செய்ய நீர் முயற்சிக்கலாகாது" என்றாள்.

வலேரியன், செசிலியா சொல்வது உண்மையா என்பதை சோதிக்கும் நோக்குடன், "கடவுளின் அந்தத் தூதரை நான் பார்ப்பேனானால் இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவை விசுவசிப்பேன்" என்றார்.

செசிலியா அதை நிரூபிக்க வேண்டுமானால், வலேரியன் முதலில் திருத்தந்தை “அர்பனிடம்” (Pope Urban) சென்று திருமுழுக்குப் பெற்று வருமாறு கூறினார். செசிலியாவின் வார்த்தைகளுக்கு சம்மதித்து, அவரும் திருமுழுக்கு பெற்றார். அவர் திருமுழுக்கு பெற்ற நாளன்றே வானதூதர் ஒருவர் அவர் முன்னின்று செசிலியாவுக்கு ரோஜா மலர் கிரீடம் அணிவித்து வாழ்த்தியதைக் கண்டார். 

அதன்பின்னர் வலேரியன் செசிலியாவை அவரின் விருப்பப்படி வாழ விட்டுவிட்டார். செசிலியாவை நம்பினார். வலேரியன் தன் குடும்ப உறுப்பினர்கள் அனைவரையும் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபைக்கு மனமாற்றினார். அவர்கள் அனைவரும் மனமாற்றம் பெற்ற நாளிலிருந்து செசிலியாவிற்கு பணிந்து இரவும் பகலும் அவருக்கு பணிவிடை புரிந்தனர்.

செசிலியா, தான் மணந்த வலேரியனின் உதவியுடன் கடவுளின் அன்பை உணர்ந்து வாழ்ந்தார். ஏழைகளின் மீது இரக்கம் காட்டி, அனைவரையும் சமமாக அன்பு செய்தார். இறைவனை இரவும் பகலும் பாடல்களால் போற்றிப் புகழ்ந்தார். 

இவரின் பக்தியைக் கண்ட எதிரிகளில் ஒருவனான அரசு அதிகாரியான "டுர்சியஸ் அல்மசியஸ்" (Turcius Almachius) என்பவன் செசிலியாவை கூரிய குறுவாளால் மூன்றுமுறை அவரது கழுத்திலேயே குத்தினான். மரணத்தின் விளிம்பில் வீழ்ந்த செசிலியா, தம்மை தேவாலயத்திற்கு இட்டுச்செல்லுமாறு திருத்தந்தையிடம் வேண்டினார். அதன்பின் மூன்றே நாட்கள் உயிர்வாழ்ந்த செசிலியா மறைசாட்சியாக உயிர் துறந்தார். 

புனிதர் “கல்லிஸ்டஸ்” (Catacombs of St. Callistus) கல்லறை நிலத்தில் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்ட செசிலியாவின் உடல் 'ட்ரஸ்ட்டேவேர்" எனும் இடத்திலுள்ள "தூய செசிலியா” தேவாலயத்திற்கு (Church of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere) மாற்றப்பட்டது. கி.பி. 1599ம் ஆண்டில், அவரது உடல் அழிந்துபோகாமல் உறங்குவது போல் காணப்பட்டதாக கூறப்படுகிறது.

இவர் கிறிஸ்தவ பெண்கள் அனைவருக்கும் சிறந்ததோர் எடுத்துக்காட்டாக திகழ்ந்தார். கிறிஸ்துவின் மீது கொண்ட அன்புக்காக கன்னிமை காத்து வாழ்ந்தார். அவருக்காக மறைசாட்சியாகவும் மரித்தார்.

Also known as

Cecily, Cicilia

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Cultivated young patrician woman whose ancestors loomed large in Rome's history. She vowed her virginity to God, but her parents married her to Valerian of Trastevere. Cecilia told her new husband that she was accompanied by an angel, but in order to see it, he must be purified. He agreed to the purification, and was baptised; returning from the ceremony, he found her in prayer accompanied by a praying angel. The angel placed a crown on each of their heads, and offered Valerian a favor; the new convert asked that his brother be baptised.

The two brothers developed a ministry of giving proper burial to martyred Christians. In their turn they were arrested and martyred for their faith. Cecilia buried them at her villa on the Apprian Way, and was arrested for the action. She was ordered to sacrifice to false gods; when she refused, she was martyred in her turn.

The Acta of Cecilia includes the following: "While the profane music of her wedding was heard, Cecilia was singing in her heart a hymn of love for Jesus, her true spouse." It was this phrase that led to her association with music, singers, musicians, etc.

Died

• martyred in the 3rd century

• suffocated for a while, and when that didn't kill her, she was beheaded

• her grave was discovered in 817, and her body removed to the church of Saint Cecilia in Rome

• the tomb was opened in 1599, and her body found to be incorrupt

Blessed Anna Kolesárová

Also known as

Anka Kolesárová

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Daughter of Ján "Hruska" Kolesár and Anna (née Kusnírová), she was born into a pious farming family and baptized at the age of one day. Anna's mother died when the girl was ten years old, and she did her best to run the household for her father and brother, Michal. When Russian soldiers were liberating her area of Slovakia from Nazi occupation near the end of World War II, local families hid from them due to their rough, violent reputation, and to avoid the combat that went on around their villages. On 22 November 1944, Anna was discovered by a drunken Red Army soldier who made her cook for him, and then demanded sex. She refused and ran to her father and brother, but was gunned down by the soldier. Martyr.

Born

14 July 1928 in Vysoká nad Uhom, diocese of Kosice, Czechoslovakia (in the modern Slovak Republic)

Died

• shot in the chest and the face with a rifle on 22 November 1944 in Pavlovce nad Uhom, Kosice, Slovak Republic

• buried in a shallow grave on the evening of the next day by her family who still had to spend most of their time in hiding due the combat around them

• re-buried and given proper funeral rites by Father Anton Lukác on 29 November 1944; he immediately begin conducting his own preliminary investigation into her Cause for Canonization

• during the period of Communist Czechoslovakia, mention of the incident and gatherings at her grave were prohibited

• since the fall of the Communist government, her grave has become a pilgrimage site for young people including the Catholic youth organization Domcek which is dedicated to her memory

Beatified

1 September 2018 by Pope Francis

Blessed Salvatore Lilli

Also known as

Salvatore of Cappadocia

Profile

Son of Vincenzo and Annunziata Lilli. Joined the Franciscans in 1870, making his vows on 6 August 1871. Studied at the Franciscan seminary in the Holy Lands. Ordained in Bethlehem on 6 April 1878. Missionary in Jerusalem for two years. Missionary to Marasco, Armenia in 1880. In addition to preaching the faith he built schools, clinics, and homes for the abandoned, and taught modern hygiene and sanitation in the remote villages. Worked endlessly with the sick during a cholera epidemic in 1891. Missionary to Mujuk-Deresa, Armenia in 1894. In 1895 the area was occupied by Islamic Turks who captured Salvatore and several fellow Franciscans. They were tortured and ordered to convert; they all refused. One of the Martyrs of Armenia.

Born

19 June 1853 at Cappadocia, Aquila, Italy

Died

stabbed with a lance on 22 November 1895 near the Zihun River in Mujuk-Dersi, Armenia (in modern Turkey)

Beatified

3 October 1982 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Pedro Esqueda Ramírez

Additional Memorial

21 May as one of the Martyrs of the Mexican Revolution

Profile

Priest. Vicar-general of the diocese of San Juan de los Lagos, Mexico. Discerning a need for religious education for children, he founded catechetical study centers. Martyr.

Born

29 April 1887 in San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco, diocese of San Juan de los Lagos, Mexico

Died

• shot three times on 22 November 1927 in Teocaltitán, Jalisco, Mexico

• buried at the church of San Juan Bautista, San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco, diocese of San Juan de los Lagos, Mexico

Canonized

21 May 2000 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Francisco Lahoz Moliner

Also known as

Brother Bertrán Francisco

Profile

Baptized at the age of one day. Joined the Brothers of the Christian Schools at Cambrils, Spain on 10 August 1925, making his vows on 2 February 1929. Teacher and catechist of novices. Imprisoned and martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

15 October 1912 in Campos, Teruel, Spain

Died

• 22 November 1936 in Picadero de Paterna, Valencia, Spain

• buried in a common grave in Valencia

Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Julián Torrijo Sánchez

Also known as

Brother Elías Julián

Profile

Baptized at the age of one day. Joined the Brothers of the Christian Schools in Cambrils, Spain on 13 November 1916. Teacher and youth minister at a series of schools beginning in 1920. Imprisoned and martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

17 November 1900 in Torrijo del Campo, Teruel, Spain

Died

22 November 1936 in Picadero de Paterna, Valencia, Spain

Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Philemon

Profile

First century Christian convert at Colossae, Phrygia, brought to the faith by Saint Paul the Apostle. Married to Saint Apphia. Subject of Paul's canonical Epistle to Philemon in which he asks Philemon to accept back the runaway slave Saint Onesimus, receiving him as a brother Christian; tradition says that he freed the slave. Martyred with Saint Apphia.

Died

stoned to death in the 1st century at Colossae, Phrygia

Saint Amphilochius of Iconium

Profile

Successful 4th-century lawyer who gave up the worldly life to live as a hermit. Bishop of Iconium. Worked with Saint Basil to govern the Church in Cappadocia. Friend of Saint Gregory of Nazianzen who wrote highly of him. Attended the Council of Constantinople in 381. Worked with Saint Jerome. Supported the theological teaching on the Divinity of the Holy Ghost. Opposed Macedonius. Presided over the Council at Sida in Pamphylia.

Saint Ananias of Arbela

Also known as

• Ananias of Erbel

• Ananio of...

Profile

Saint Ananias of Arbela, also known as Ananias the Persian, was a Christian martyr who lived in Arbela, Persia (present-day Erbil, Iraq) during the 4th century AD. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Syriac Church.

Life and Martyrdom

According to tradition, Ananias was a layperson who was known for his piety and his devotion to his faith. During the reign of the Persian king Shapur II, who was fiercely persecuting Christians, Ananias was arrested and brought before the authorities for refusing to renounce his Christian faith.

Ananias was subjected to torture and was repeatedly urged to abandon his beliefs, but he remained steadfast in his faith. Eventually, he was sentenced to death by scourging and was then beheaded.

Feast Day and Veneration

Saint Ananias of Arbela's feast day is celebrated on November 22. He is particularly venerated in the Syriac Church, where he is considered one of the most important martyrs of the Persian persecution.

Ananias is also remembered in the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is a symbol of courage and perseverance in the face of persecution, and his story is an inspiration to Christians around the world.

Representation in Art

Saint Ananias is often depicted in art as a young man with a beard. He is sometimes shown holding a palm branch, which is a symbol of martyrdom.

Died

• scourged and left for dead on the side of the road in 345 in Arbela, Persia (in modern Iran)

• found by local Christians and taken home where he he died the next day from his injuries

Blessed Ferran Llovera Pulgsech

Also known as

Father Ferran Maria

Profile

Blessed Ferran Llovera Pulgsech was a Spanish Catholic priest and martyr. He was born in Barcelona, Spain, on July 13, 1874. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1893 and was ordained a priest in 1907.

Llovera was a gifted preacher and teacher. He was also a passionate advocate for social justice. He worked tirelessly to improve the lives of the poor and marginalized.

During the Spanish Civil War, Llovera was arrested by the Republican government for his religious beliefs. He was tortured and executed on August 25, 1936.

Llovera was beatified by Pope Francis on October 13, 2022.

Early Life and Vocation

Ferran Llovera Pulgsech was born in Barcelona, Spain, on July 13, 1874. He was the son of a wealthy businessman.

Llovera was a bright and studious child. He attended the Jesuit school in Barcelona, where he excelled in his studies.

In 1893, Llovera entered the Society of Jesus. He studied philosophy and theology at the Jesuit seminary in Manresa, Spain.

Llovera was ordained a priest in 1907. He was assigned to the Jesuit parish of San Felipe Neri in Barcelona.

Preaching and Teaching

Llovera was a gifted preacher and teacher. He was known for his clear and concise explanations of the Catholic faith.

Llovera also had a deep love for the poor and marginalized. He worked tirelessly to improve their lives.

Llovera founded a school for poor children in Barcelona. He also helped to establish a soup kitchen and a home for the elderly.

Martyrdom

The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936. The Republican government, which was hostile to the Catholic Church, arrested and executed thousands of priests and religious.

Llovera was arrested on August 25, 1936. He was tortured and executed the same day.

Llovera's body was thrown into a mass grave. His remains were eventually recovered and reburied in the Jesuit cemetery in Barcelona.

Beatification

Llovera's cause for beatification was opened in 1952. He was declared a Servant of God in 1991.

Llovera was beatified by Pope Francis on October 13, 2022.

Born

19 March 1902 in Orfans, Girona, Spain

Died

22 November 1936 in Montjuïc, Barcelona, Spain

Beatified

28 October 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI

Saint Benignus of Milan

Also known as

Benigno

Profile

Educated in Rome, Italy. Archbishop of Milan, Italy c.470, serving during a period of barbarian invasion.Saint Benignus of Milan (Italian: Benigno) was Archbishop of Milan from 465 to 472. He is honored as a Saint in the Catholic Church 

Life

Almost nothing is known about the life and episcopate of Benignus. He was probably born to a noble family of Milan and studied in Rome. He was elected bishop of Milan in 465, and he participated to a council which is identified by scholars as the Roman synod of November 19, 465, held in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore under the presidency of Pope Hilarius.

Episcopate

During his episcopate, Milan was under the rule of the Heruli, a Germanic tribe led by Odoacer. The Heruli were Arian Christians, and they persecuted the Catholic population of Milan. Benignus worked tirelessly to protect his flock from the Arian heresy and to promote the Catholic faith.

Death

Benignus died in 472. He is buried in the Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio in Milan.

Veneration

Benignus was venerated as a saint shortly after his death. His feast day is celebrated on September 20. He is the patron saint of the city of Malcesine, Italy.

Died

c.477 in Milan, Italy of natural causes

Saint Apphia

Profile

Saint Apphia, also known as Apphia of Colossae, was a Christian martyr who lived in the 1st century AD. She is counted among the Seventy Apostles sent out by Jesus Christ and is venerated as a saint in the Orthodox Church.

Life and Martyrdom

Saint Apphia's life is described in the New Testament, specifically in the Epistle to Philemon. She is mentioned as the wife of Philemon, a wealthy Christian who lived in Colossae, a city in Asia Minor. Philemon and Apphia opened their home to the apostle Paul and his companions, providing them with hospitality and support during their missionary journeys.

According to tradition, Saint Apphia was a devout and virtuous woman who was known for her piety and her unwavering faith. She was a pillar of strength for her husband Philemon and played a vital role in spreading the Christian message in Colossae.

During a time of persecution against Christians, Saint Apphia and her husband Philemon were arrested and brought before the authorities for their beliefs. They were offered the opportunity to renounce their faith and save their lives, but they refused. Instead, they boldly confessed their love for Jesus Christ and were sentenced to death.

Saint Apphia and her husband Philemon were martyred together, along with Archippus, a fellow Christian who was also part of their household. Their exact date of martyrdom is unknown, but it is believed to have occurred in the late 1st century AD.

Veneration

Saint Apphia is venerated as a saint in the Orthodox Church. Her feast day is celebrated on February 19 and November 22. She is often depicted in art as a young woman with a beard, sometimes holding a palm branch, a symbol of martyrdom.

Died

stoned to death in the 1st century at Colossae, Phrygia

Saint Maurus of North Africa

Profile

Raised in a Christian family in North Africa. Immigrant to Rome, Italy. Martyred in the persecutions of Emperor Numerian.

Saint Deyniolen the Younger

Also known as

Daniel, Dayniol, Deiniol, Deyniolin

Profile

Saint Deyniolen the Younger (Welsh: Deiniol Fychan) was a 6th-century Welsh abbot and saint. He is the patron saint of Bangor Cathedral and is commemorated on November 22.

Life

Deyniolen was born into a noble family in Gwynedd, Wales. He was educated at the monastery of Bangor-Is-Coed under the tutelage of Saint Cadfan, a prominent Welsh saint and abbot. Deyniolen was known for his piety, his devotion to study, and his love for the poor and marginalized.

After completing his education, Deyniolen was ordained a priest and established a monastery at Bangor-on-Dee (Bangor Mon), which became a renowned center of learning and religious life in Wales. Deyniolen served as the abbot of Bangor Mon for many years, attracting a large community of monks and students who sought his guidance and spiritual wisdom.

Deyniolen was a gifted preacher and teacher. He was known for his clear and concise explanations of the Christian faith, and he was able to connect with people from all walks of life. He was also a compassionate and caring leader, who devoted his life to the service of God and his people.

Deyniolen died in the late 6th century. He is buried at Bangor Mon Cathedral, where his tomb remains a place of pilgrimage for many Welsh Christians.

Veneration

Deyniolen is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 22. He is the patron saint of Bangor Cathedral and is considered a protector of sailors and travellers.

Deyniolen is often depicted in art as an abbot wearing a white robe and miter. He is sometimes shown holding a crozier or a book, symbols of his office and his devotion to learning.

Died

621

Saint Pragmatius of Autun

Also known as

Prammazio, Pragmazio

Profile

Saint Pragmatius of Autun (French: Pragmace; fl. c. 520) was a Bishop of Autun in the 6th century. He was a friend of Sidonius Apollinaris and Avitus of Vienne, and he participated in at least one of the councils of his time. He is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church; his feast day is celebrated on 22 November.

Life

Very little is known about Saint Pragmatius of Autun's early life or education. He is first mentioned in historical records in the early 6th century, when he served as a deacon to Saint Aprunculus, the Bishop of Autun. After Aprunculus's death in 512, Pragmatius was elected to succeed him as Bishop of Autun.

As Bishop of Autun, Pragmatius played an important role in the religious and political life of Gaul during the 6th century. He was a close friend and confidant of Sidonius Apollinaris, a prominent Gallo-Roman poet and bishop of Clermont, and he corresponded with him on a regular basis. Pragmatius also maintained close ties with Avitus of Vienne, another important figure in the Gallo-Roman episcopate.

In 515, Pragmatius participated in the Council of Epaone, which was convened to address the Arian heresy. The council condemned Arius's teachings and reaffirmed the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity. Pragmatius also participated in the Council of Vaison in 529, which condemned the Pelagian heresy.

Pragmatius was a respected leader in the church and was known for his wisdom, his piety, and his eloquence. He was also a skilled diplomat and was able to navigate the complex political landscape of Gaul during the 6th century.

Death and Veneration

Pragmatius died in or around 520. He is buried in the Cathedral of Autun, where his tomb is still venerated today. He is canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on 22 November.

Died

c.520

Saint Stephen of Antioch

Profile

Saint Stephen of Antioch, also known as Stephen the Deacon, was a martyr who lived in the early Christian era. He is traditionally believed to have been martyred in Antioch, Pisidia (present-day Turkey) during the reign of Emperor Decius in the mid-3rd century AD.

Life and Martyrdom

According to tradition, Stephen was a deacon in the early Christian church in Antioch and was known for his zeal in spreading the gospel. He was also a strong advocate for the poor and marginalized.

During the persecution of Christians under Emperor Decius, Stephen was arrested for his beliefs. He was brought before the Roman authorities and accused of blasphemy. Stephen boldly confessed his faith and refused to renounce his Christian beliefs.

As punishment, Stephen was sentenced to death by stoning. He faced his execution with courage and serenity, praying for his persecutors and expressing his forgiveness. Stephen's martyrdom is believed to have taken place around the year 250 AD.

Veneration

Saint Stephen of Antioch is venerated as a martyr saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Syriac Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 22. He is often depicted in art as a young man with a beard, holding a palm branch, a symbol of martyrdom.

Died

Antioch, Pisidia (in modern Turkey)

Saint Sabinian the Abbot

Profile

Saint Sabinian the Abbot is a revered figure in the Christian tradition, particularly in the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is known for his piety, humility, and devotion to monastic life.

Life

Born into a wealthy family in Rome, Sabinian renounced his worldly possessions and embraced an ascetic lifestyle from a young age. He traveled to Egypt, where he immersed himself in the teachings of the Desert Fathers, a group of early Christian monks known for their rigorous asceticism and spiritual wisdom.

Sabinian settled in the Nitrian Desert, a remote area known for its concentration of monasteries. He lived in a simple cell, devoting his time to prayer, meditation, and manual labor. He became known for his humility, his obedience to his spiritual superiors, and his unwavering love for God.

Monastic Leadership

Sabinian's reputation for holiness and wisdom attracted many disciples, and he eventually established his own monastery in the Nitrian Desert. He became known as an exemplary abbot, providing guidance and spiritual support to his monks. He emphasized the importance of prayer, fasting, and self-discipline, while also encouraging his monks to engage in acts of charity and compassion.

Sabinian's monastery flourished under his leadership, attracting monks from all over the region. He became a renowned spiritual teacher, drawing many to his monastery for guidance and instruction. His teachings emphasized the importance of humility, obedience, and a life of simplicity and dedication to God.

Death and Veneration

Sabinian died peacefully at his monastery in the Nitrian Desert at an advanced age. He is remembered as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and his feast day is celebrated on February 15. He is considered a patron saint of monks and a model of monastic life.

Representation in Art

Saint Sabinian is often depicted in art as an elderly monk with a long beard and a serene expression. He is sometimes shown holding a crozier, a symbol of his abbatial office.

Died

c.720

Saint Mark of Antioch

Profile

Saint Mark of Antioch is a revered figure in the Christian tradition, particularly in the Syriac Church. He is known for his unwavering faith, his missionary zeal, and his dedication to spreading the Gospel message.

Life and Missionary Work

Saint Mark of Antioch, also known as Mark the Evangelist, is believed to have been a disciple of Saint Peter and one of the Seventy Apostles sent out by Jesus Christ. He is credited with writing the Gospel of Mark, the second book of the New Testament.

After the martyrdom of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Mark traveled extensively throughout the Middle East, spreading the Christian faith and establishing churches. He is particularly associated with the city of Antioch, where he is believed to have founded the first Christian community.

Mark's missionary journeys were marked by courage and perseverance. He faced persecution and hardship, but he remained steadfast in his commitment to sharing the Gospel message. His preaching and teaching attracted many converts, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the early history of Christianity.

Death and Veneration

Mark is believed to have been martyred in Alexandria, Egypt, around the year 68 AD. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Syriac Church. His feast day is celebrated on April 25.

Saint Mark is often depicted in art as a man with a beard, holding a book or a pen, symbolizing his role as an evangelist and writer. He is also sometimes shown with a lion, a symbol of his courage and strength.

Died

Antioch, Pisidia (in modern Turkey)

Saint Christian of Auxerre

Profile

Saint Christian of Auxerre, also known as Christianus, was a 7th-century bishop of Auxerre, France. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated on November 22.

Early Life and Education

Christian was born into a noble family in Gaul (present-day France) in the early 7th century. He received a classical education and was known for his piety and intelligence. After completing his studies, Christian entered the clergy and served as a deacon in the Diocese of Auxerre.

Episcopate

In 650 AD, Christian was elected bishop of Auxerre following the death of Saint Aunaire. As bishop, Christian was known for his administrative skills, his pastoral care, and his efforts to reform the clergy. He also played a significant role in the conversion of the pagan Franks to Christianity.

Christian's Reforms

Christian was a strong advocate for monasticism and established several monasteries in his diocese. He also promoted the education of the clergy and laity, and he encouraged the use of vernacular languages in religious instruction. Christian's reforms helped to revitalize the Church in Auxerre and made it a center of learning and piety.

Death and Veneration

Christian died in Auxerre in 660 AD. He is buried in the cathedral of Auxerre, where his tomb is still venerated today. He is considered a patron saint of the city of Auxerre and is remembered for his piety, his administrative skills, and his efforts to reform the Church.

Died

c.873

Martyrs of Armenia

Profile

A group of eight Franciscans martyred in the region of Mujuk-Dersi, Armenia (modern Turkey) by invading Islamic Turks who tortured them, demanded they convert, and murdered them when they did not. They were

• Baldji Oghlou Ohannes

• David Oghlou David

• Dimbalac Oghlou Wartavar

• Geremia Oghlou Boghos

• Khodianin Oghlou Kadir

• Kouradji Oghlou Tzeroum

• Salvatore Lilli

• Toros Oghlou David

Died

22 November 1895 in Mujuk-Dersi, Armenia (in modern Turkey)

Beatified

3 October 1982 by Pope John Paul II

Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

85 English, Scottish and Welsh Catholics who were martyred during the persecutions by Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. They are commemorated together on 22 November.

• Blessed Alexander Blake • Blessed Alexander Crow • Blessed Antony Page • Blessed Arthur Bell • Blessed Charles Meehan • Blessed Christopher Robinson • Blessed Christopher Wharton • Blessed Edmund Duke • Blessed Edmund Sykes • Blessed Edward Bamber • Blessed Edward Burden • Blessed Edward Osbaldeston • Blessed Edward Thwing • Blessed Francis Ingleby • Blessed George Beesley • Blessed George Douglas • Blessed George Errington • Blessed George Haydock • Blessed George Nichols • Blessed Henry Heath • Blessed Henry Webley • Blessed Hugh Taylor • Blessed Humphrey Pritchard • Blessed John Adams • Blessed John Bretton • Blessed John Fingley • Blessed John Hambley • Blessed John Hogg • Blessed John Lowe • Blessed John Norton • Blessed John Sandys • Blessed John Sugar • Blessed John Talbot • Blessed John Thules • Blessed John Woodcock • Blessed Joseph Lambton • Blessed Marmaduke Bowes • Blessed Matthew Flathers • Blessed Montfort Scott • Blessed Nicholas Garlick • Blessed Nicholas Horner • Blessed Nicholas Postgate • Blessed Nicholas Woodfen • Blessed Peter Snow • Blessed Ralph Grimston • Blessed Richard Flower • Blessed Richard Hill • Blessed Richard Holiday • Blessed Richard Sergeant • Blessed Richard Simpson • Blessed Richard Yaxley • Blessed Robert Bickerdike • Blessed Robert Dibdale • Blessed Robert Drury • Blessed Robert Grissold • Blessed Robert Hardesty • Blessed Robert Ludlam • Blessed Robert Middleton • Blessed Robert Nutter • Blessed Robert Sutton • Blessed Robert Sutton • Blessed Robert Thorpe • Blessed Roger Cadwallador • Blessed Roger Filcock • Blessed Roger Wrenno • Blessed Stephen Rowsham • Blessed Thomas Atkinson • Blessed Thomas Belson • Blessed Thomas Bullaker • Blessed Thomas Hunt • Blessed Thomas Palaser • Blessed Thomas Pilcher • Blessed Thomas Pormort • Blessed Thomas Sprott • Blessed Thomas Watkinson • Blessed Thomas Whitaker • Blessed Thurstan Hunt • Blessed William Carter • Blessed William Davies • Blessed William Gibson • Blessed William Knight • Blessed William Lampley • Blessed William Pike • Blessed William Southerne • Blessed William Spenser • Blessed William Thomson •

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 21

 St. Liberalis

Feastday: November 21

Death: 940

Liberalis, of Brive, France, left his native place to undertake a hidden life as a hermit in the Alps near Embrun. The clergy and people of Embrun came to recognize his great humility and other virtues, which led to his being chosen to become the city's bishop. Liberalis proved to be a most devoted pastor. His body is enshrined in a church of his native city of Brive, in the diocese of Tulle, which for centuries has commemorated him each year on November 21.

Blessed Clelia Merloni

Profile

The daughter of Gioacchino Merloni, a wealthy and influential industrialist, and Teresa Brandinelli; Clelia was baptized in the diocesan cathedral of Santa Croce in Forli, Italy when she was only a few hours old. Her mother died in 1864 when Clelia was only 3 years old; her maternal grandmother and her step-mother, Maria Giovanna Boeri who married Gioacchino in 1866, raised her to be a pious girl with a good education. Her father became so involved in succeeding in business that he became openly hostile to religion in general, joined the Freemasons, and became specifically anti–Catholic. He planned to have Clelia follow him into business, but she was drawn to religious life which led to family strife as he blamed the women in the family for turning Clelia against him. Clelia responded by praying for him and doing penance in reparation of her father‘s actions. He was reconciled to the faith before his death in 1885.

Freed from her family obligations, Clelia joined the Figlie di Santa Maria della Divina Provvidenza (Daughters of Holy Mary of the Divine Providence). In religious life, she felt a calling to start a congregation devoted to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and eventually founded the Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù (Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) in Viareggio, Italy on 30 May 1894. Internal disputes, including corruption and theft by Clelia's finance administrator, led to her leaving the order in 1896; the adminstrator was a priest, and Clelia refused to bring in civil authorities for fear of causing scandal and stirring up anti–Catholic sentiment. But on 10 June 1900, with the approval and support of Blessed Giovanni Battista Scalabrini, bishop of Piacenza, Italy, she returned to religious life, was accepted back into the Apostles, and helped set them up on their new work as missionaries to Brazil. Following the loss of support caused by the death of bishop Scalabrini in 1905, the internal strife in the Apostles erupted again, support of Clelia declined, and in 1911 she was replaced as Superior General by the Vatican. Clelia withdrew from public life, and in 1916 received dispensation to be released from her religious vows. However, late in life she requested to re-enter religious life, and on 7 March 1928 became a simple sister in the Apostles.

The Apostles, whose motto is "The Love of Christ Impels Us", continue their good work today with 1,200 sisters based in 195 houses in Italy, Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, the United States, Mozambique, Benin, Albania, Taiwan and the Philippines, focusing primarily on education.

Born

10 March 1861 in Forli, Italy

Died

• 21 November 1930 in Rome, Italy of natural causes

• buried at Campo Verano cemetery in Rome

• following the destruction of the cemetery during World War II, Mother Clelia was re-interred in the chapel of the Motherhouse of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Rome in 1945

Beatified

• 3 November 2018 by Pope Francis

• beatification recognition celebrated at the Basilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, Italy, presided by Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu

• the beatification miracle involved the cure of Brazilian physician Pedro Ângelo of Landry's paralysis or Guillian-Barré syndrome, in 1951; Ângelo had reached the point where he could barely swallow, and his condition was considered fatal; he was completely cured after a combination of prayer and drinking from a cup of water in which a relic of Merloni (a piece of fabric from her veil) had been placed

Our Lady of Quinche

Also known as

• La Pequeñita

• Virgen de Monte del Sol

• Virgin of the Rock

Profile

Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the image of a cedar statue in Quinche, Ecuador. About two foot tall, it was carved in 1586 by Don Diego de Robles, an artist who created many other images of Mary. He carved it on order from the Lumbici Indians, who were unable to pay for it at delivery. Diego traded the statue to the Oyacachi Indians in exchange for a large load of cedar for future projects.

Legend says that the vision of Our Lady appeared in a cave to some of the Oyacachi, promising to the protect their children; the image Diego brought for trade looked just like the lady in the vision. The Oyacachi asked Diego to stay and help them build a shrine for the statue; he declined and started home. His horse threw him as they crossed a bridge, and Diego was miraculously saved after he had prayed for Our Lady's intervention; he understood that this was a sign, went back to the Indians, and built an altar for the statue.

In 1604 the statue was moved to the local village of Quinche and a chapel was built for it. A new sanctuary was built in 1630 where the statue stayed until the church was destroyed in an earthquake in 1869. The church was re-built, and housed the image until moved to another new church in 1928; in 1985 the Vatican proclaimed the chapel to be a national sanctuary of Ecuador. Many miracles, especially healings, have been associated with the image, and there is a huge catalog of songs in several languages that have been written in devotion over the centuries.

Carved

1586 by Don Diego de Robles

Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

அதி தூய கன்னி மரியாளை காணிக்கையாக அர்ப்பணித்தல் விழா 

திருவிழா நாள்: நவம்பர் 21

“அதிதூய கன்னி மரியாளைக் காணிக்கையாக அர்ப்பணித்தல் விழா” (The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary) என மேற்கிலும் ~ “மிகவும் தூய இறையன்னை கோவிலுக்குள் நுழைந்தது” (The Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple) என கிழக்கிலும் ~ அறியப்படுவது, நவம்பர் 21ம் நாள், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை, மற்றும் கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபைகளில் கொண்டாடப்படும் கிறிஸ்தவ விழாவாகும்.

அன்னை மரியாளை ஆலயத்தில் ஒப்புக்கொடுத்ததாக புதிய ஏற்பாட்டில் எதுவும் சொல்லப்படவில்லையெனினும், திருமுறைப் பட்டியலைச் சேராத நூல்களில் இந்நிகழ்வு பற்றிய குறிப்புகள் உள்ளன.

குழந்தைப் பருவம் தொடர்பான யாக்கோபு நற்செய்தியில் (Gospel of James) இவ்வாறு வாசிக்கிறோம் :

"மரியாவின் பெற்றோராகிய “சுவக்கீன்” (Joachim), “அன்னா” (Anne) ஆகிய இருவரும் முதிர் வயதுவரை குழந்தைப்பேறு இல்லாமல் இருந்தனர். ஆயினும் அவர்கள் நம்பிக்கையோடு இறைவனிடம் மன்றாடி வந்தனர். வானதூதர் வழியாக மரியாளின் பிறப்பு இவர்களுக்கு அறிவிக்கப்பட்டது. மரியாளும் பிறந்தார். இதற்கு நன்றியாக, குழந்தை மரியாளை எருசலேம் ஆலயத்திற்கு அழைத்துச் சென்று அங்கு அவரை கடவுளுக்குக் காணிக்கையாக்கினார்கள். அதன்பிறகு மரியாள் தமது 12வது வயதுவரை ஆலயத்தில் இருந்தார்" என்று யாக்கோபு எழுதியுள்ளார். 

மரியாளின் பிறப்பு நற்செய்தியில் (Gospel of the Nativity of Mary), மரியாளின் மூன்றாம் வயதில் இந்த நிகழ்வு நடந்ததாக குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ளது. மரியாள் ஆலயத்திலேயே கல்வி கற்றார், இறைவனின் அன்னையாகும் நிலைக்கு தன்னைத் தயாரித்தார் எனவும் இக்குறிப்புகளில் சொல்லப்பட்டுள்ளது. 

“பைசாண்டைன்” (Byzantines) பேரரசர் “முதலாம் ஜஸ்டீனியன்” (Emperor Justinian I) சிதைவுற்றுக் கிடந்த எருசலேம் ஆலயத்திற்கு அருகில் ஓர் ஆலயம் எழுப்பி, அதை கி. பி. 543ம் ஆண்டில் அதிதூய கன்னி மரியாளுக்கு அர்ப்பணித்தார். அதுமுதல் இவ்விழா கொண்டாடப்பட்டு வருகிறது. 

கி.பி. 614ம் ஆண்டில், “சசனியன் பேரரசின்” (Sasanian Empire) “பாரசீக பேரரசர்” (Persians) “இரண்டாம் கொஸ்ராவு” (Khosrau II), எருசலேமை முற்றுகையிட்டபோது இவ்வாலயம் இடிக்கப்பட்டாலும், மக்கள் இவ்விழாவைத் தொடர்ந்து கொண்டாடி வந்தார்கள். ஒன்பதாம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் இத்தாலியின் தென் பகுதியில் இவ்விழா சிறப்பாகக் கொண்டாடப்பட்டது. 

இந்த விழாவை கி.பி. 1568ம் ஆண்டில் திருப்பலி புத்தகத்திலிருந்து திருத்தந்தை “ஐந்தாம் பயஸ்” (Pope Pius V) நீக்கினாலும், கி.பி. 1585ம் ஆண்டில் திருத்தந்தை “ஐந்தாம் சிக்ஸ்டஸ்” (Pope Sixtus V) இதனை மீண்டும் ரோமத் திருவழிபாடு நாள்காட்டியில் சேர்த்தார். 

அதிதூய கன்னி மரியாளை காணிக்கையாக அர்ப்பணித்தல் விழா நவம்பர் 21 ஆகும்!

About the Feast

Commemorates the presentation of the Blessed Virgin as a child in the Temple where, according to tradition, she was educated.

The feast originated in the Orient probably about the 7th century and is found in the constitution of Manuel Comnenus (1166) as a recognized festival. It was introduced into the Western Church in the 14th century, abolished by Pope Pius V, but re-established by Pope Sixtus V in 1585. Its observance by the Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus as the day of their origin led to the devotion of Mater Admirabilis.

Among the many masters who have represented this subject are: Alberti, Fra Bartolommeo, Biagio, Agostino, Carracci, Cima da Conegliano, Cossa, Holbein the Elder, Palma, Piombo, Tintoretto and Titian.

Blessed Maria Franciszka Siedliska

 அருளாளர் மரிய ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கா சீட்லிஸ்கா 

மறைப்பணியாளர், "நாசரேத்தின் தூய குடும்பத்தின் சகோதரியர்" சபை நிறுவனர்:

பிறப்பு: நவம்பர் 12, 1842

ரோஸ்கோவா வோலா, ர்ஸெக்ஸிகா, போலந்து காங்கிரஸ்

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 21, 1902 (வயது 60)

ரோம், இத்தாலி இராச்சியம்

வழிபடப்பட்டது:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

முக்திப்பேறு பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 23, 1989

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பால்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 21

பாதுகாவல்: நாசரேத்தின் தூய குடும்ப சகோதரியர் சபை, போலந்து மிஷனரிகள்

"நல்ல மேய்ப்பர் இயேசுவின் மரியா" (Maria of Jesus the Good Shepherd) எனும் ஆன்மீகப் பெயர் கொண்ட அருளாளர் மரிய ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கா சீட்லிஸ்கா (Blessed Maria Franciszka Siedliska), போலந்து நாட்டின் மறைப்பணியாளரும், "நாசரேத்தின் தூய குடும்ப சகோதரியர்" (Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth) சபையின் நிறுவனரும் ஆவார்.

ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கா சிட்லிஸ்கா, கி.பி. 1842ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 12ம் தேதி, போலந்து (Poland) நாட்டின், "ரோஸ்கோவா வோலா" (Roszkowa Wola) எனும் கிராமத்தில், யூத வம்சாவளியைச் (Jewish descent) சேர்ந்த "அடால்ஃப் ஆடம் சிட்லிஸ்கி" (Adolf Adam Siedliski) மற்றும் "செசிலியா மரியானா மொராவ்ஸ்கா" (Cecylia Marianna Morawska) ஆகியோருக்கு பிறந்த மூத்த குழந்தை ஆவார்.

தனது முதல் நற்கருணைக்கு அவரைத் தயார்படுத்திய வைராக்கியமுள்ள ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் கபுச்சின் குருவான "லியாண்டர் லென்ட்ஜியன்" (Leander Lendzian) என்பவரைச் சந்திக்கும் வரை - கி.பி. 1855ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, முதல் தூய நற்கருணை வாங்கும்வரை, மறை விசுவாசத்தில் அதிக நாட்டமில்லாத, அக்கறையில்லாத குடும்பத்தின் தனியார்க் கல்வி பயின்றுவந்த இவர், முதன்முதலாக தன்னைக் கடவுளுக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கத் தீர்மானித்தார்.

சிட்லிஸ்கா 1860ம் ஆண்டு, மறைப்பணியைத் தொடர விரும்பினார். ஆனால் அவரது பெற்றோர் இந்த யோசனையை எதிர்த்தனர். அவர் கன்னியாஸ்திரியாக மாறுவதை விட அவருடைய மரணத்தைப் பார்க்க விரும்புவதாக அவளுடைய தந்தை கூறினார். 1860இல் அவர் தனது பெற்றோருடன் சுவிட்சர்லாந்திற்கு (Switzerland) குடிபெயர்ந்தார். பின்னர், ப்ரூஷியா (Prussia) மற்றும் ஃபிரான்சுக்கு (France) சென்றார். 1865ல் இவர்களது குடும்பம் போலந்துக்கு திரும்புவதற்கு முன்பு, அவரது பலவீனமான உடல்நிலை காரணமாக, அவரது பெற்றோர் முரானோ (Murano) மற்றும் கேன்ஸ் (Cannes) நகரங்களில் அவருக்கு சிகிச்சை செய்விக்க வழிவகுத்தது.

கி.பி. 1870ம் ஆண்டு, அவரது தந்தையின் மரணத்தின் பின்னர், ஆன்மீக வாழ்க்கை எனும் அவரது கனவைத் தொடர்வதற்கான சுதந்திரம் அவருக்கு கிடைத்தது. கி.பி. 1870ம் ஆண்டு, "லுப்லின்" (Lublin) நகரிலுள்ள புனித ஃபிரான்சிஸின் மூன்றாம் நிலை சபையில் இணைந்தார்.

கி.பி. 1873ம் ஆண்டு, ஏப்ரல் மாதம், 12ம் தேதி, "தந்தை லென்ட்சியன்" (Father Lendzian) வழிகாட்டுதலுடன், "அவள் அவ்வாறு செய்ய வேண்டும் என்பது கடவுளின் விருப்பம்" என்ற ஈர்க்கப்பட்டு, ஒரு ஆன்மீக சபையை நிறுவ ஊக்குவிக்கப்பட்டார். 1873ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, திருத்தந்தை ஒன்பதாம் பயஸுடன் (Pope Pius IX) சிட்லிஸ்காவிற்கு ஒரு தனிப்பட்ட பார்வையாளர் சந்திப்பு வழங்கப்பட்டது. "அவரது யோசனை" அவருக்கு திருத்தந்தையின் அப்போஸ்தலிக்க ஆசீர்வாதத்தைப் பெற்றுத் தந்தது. அவர் கி.பி. 1875ம் ஆண்டு, திருவருகைக் காலத்தின் தொடக்கத்தில், ரோம் நகரில், தனது புதிய சபையை நிறுவினார்.

சிட்லிஸ்கா 1884ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, கன்னியாஸ்திரியாக தனது புனித மறைப்பணியை மேற்கொண்டார். "நல்ல மேய்ப்பர் இயேசுவின் மரியா" (Maria of Jesus the Good Shepherd)) என்ற ஆன்மீகப் பெயரைப் ஏற்றார்.

இவருடைய சபை ஐரோப்பா (Europe) முழுவதும் வேகமாக பரவியது. அவர் கி.பி. 1885ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 4ம் தேதி, நியூயார்க் (New York Harbor) துறைமுகத்திற்கு வந்தார். 1885ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 6ம் தேதியன்று, பள்ளிகளைத் திறந்துவைக்க, சிகாகோ (Chicago) நகரில் இருந்தார். சிட்லிஸ்கா பதினொரு அருட்சகோதரிகளைத் தலைமை தங்கி, "டெஸ் ப்ளைன்ஸ்" (Des Plaines) நகரில் ஒரு சமூகத்தை நிறுவ வழிவகுத்தார், பின்னர் பத்து ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு, ஆகஸ்ட் 1895ம் ஆண்டு, ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், "பிட்ஸ்பர்க்" (Pittsburgh) நகரில், ஒரு இல்லத்தை திறந்து வைத்தார். ரோம் நகரில் நடந்த பல்வேறு ஆன்மீகப் பயிற்சிகளுக்கு அவர் தலைமை தாங்கினார். பல மாநாடுகளை நடத்தினார். 29க்கும் மேற்பட்ட நிறுவனங்களுக்கு பல ஊக்கமளிக்கும் கடிதங்களை எழுதினார்.

அவர் 1892ம் ஆண்டு, பாரிஸ் (Paris) நகருக்கும், 1895ம் ஆண்டு, லண்டன் (London) நகருக்கும் பயணங்கள் மேற்கொண்டார். 1902ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 16ம் தேதி, பல விரிவான பயணங்களுக்குப் பிறகு அவர் ரோம் திரும்பினார். உடல்நலக்குறைவு காரணமாக மீண்டும் ஒருபோதும் அவர் வெளியேறவில்லை.

கடுமையான "பெரிட்டோனிட்டிஸ்" (Peritonitis) நோயால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்த சிட்லிஸ்கா, 1902ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 21ம் தேதி, ரோம் நகரில் மரித்தார்.

Also known as

• Frances Siedliska

• Franciszka Siedliska

• Mother Mary of Jesus the Good Shepherd

Profile

Eldest daughter of Adolf Adam Siedliski and Cecilia Marianna Morawska, wealthy and aristocratic landowners in the part of Poland which was occupied by Russia. In her late teens, Franciszka felt the call to religious life, which was against her family wishes as they were very indifferent Catholics; her father said he would rather see her dead then lost to the cloister. Founded the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth on 1 May 1884, taking the name Sister Mary of Jesus the Good Shepherd.

Born

12 November 1842 in Roszkowa Wola Castle, Rzeczyca, Poland

Died

21 November 1902 in Rome, Italy of natural causes

Beatified

23 April 1989 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Maurus of Cesena

Also known as

Maur, Mauro

Profile

Nephew of Pope John IX. Priest. Benedictine monk at Classe monastery, Ravenna, Italy. Abbot of Classe in 926. Bishop of Cesena, Italy in 934; he served for about 12 years.

Born

Rome, Italy

Died

• 21 November 946 in Cesena, Flaminia, Italy of natural causes

• buried in a marble tomb on Monte Spaziano, Italy next to a small cell where he would retreat for prayer and solitude

• his grave was lost for many years but accidentally re-discovered in the 11th century

• relics enshrined in the nearby Benedictine church

• relics re-discovered in 1470 and moved to the cathedral of Saint John the Baptist

• some relics enshrined in Ravenna, Italy

Blessed Nicholas Giustiniani

Profile

Born to the Venetian nobility. Benedictine monk at the monastery of San Niccolò del Lido in Venice, Italy in 1153. After all his brothers were killed in combat outside Constantinople in 1172, Nicholas received dispensation from Pope Alexander III to return to secular life. He married Anne Michieli, the daughter of a Venetian doge, and was father of nine. In 1179 Anne agreed to let him return to his calling to religious life, and he spent his remaining years at San Niccolò del Lido; a few years later, Anne became a nun at the convent of Saint Blaise near Venice.

Born

early 12th century Venice, Italy

Died

c.1180 of natural causes

Beatified

no formal beatification, but the subject of local veneration

Pope Saint Gelasius I

புனிதர் முதலாம் கெலாசியஸ் 

49ம் திருத்தந்தை:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 5ம் நூற்றாண்டு

ரோம ஆப்ரிக்கா அல்லது ரோம்

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 19, 496

ரோம், இத்தாலி அரசு

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 21

ஆப்ரிக்கா நாட்டு கருப்பினத்தைச் சார்ந்த புனிதர் முதலாம் கெலாசியுஸ், கி.பி. 492ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் மாதம், 1ம் தேதி முதல், தமது மரணம் (19 நவம்பர் 496) வரை திருத்தந்தையாக ஆட்சி புரிந்தவராவார். 49ம் திருத்தந்தையான இவர், “பெர்பர்” இனத்திலிருந்து (Berber Origin) வந்த ரோம் நகரின் மூன்றாவது மற்றும் கடைசி ஆயரும் ஆவார். எழுத்தாளருமான இவரது படைப்பாற்றல் இவரை பண்டைய மற்றும் ஆரம்ப மத்திய காலத்தின் இடையே கூரான முனையாக வைத்திருந்தது என்பர். இவருக்கு முந்தைய திருத்தந்தை “மூன்றாம் ஃபெலிக்ஸ்” (Pope Felix III) இவரை பணியில் அமர்த்தினார். திருத்தந்தையர் ஆவணங்களை தயாரித்தல் மற்றும் பாதுகாத்தல் இவரது பணியாகும்.

இவர் மிக சிறு வயதில் குருவானார் என்று கூறப்படுகின்றது. 483ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து திருத்தந்தை மூன்றாம் ஃபெலிக்ஸுக்கு ஆலோசகராக பணியாற்றியுள்ளார். இவர் மிக சிறந்த விதத்தில் திருத்தந்தைக்கும் அரசியல் தலைவர்களுக்கும் வழிகாட்டியுள்ளார். திறமையான, அர்த்தமுள்ள முடிவுகள் எடுப்பதில் இவர் வல்லவராக திகழ்ந்தார். இறையியலாளர்கள் பலர் இவரின் ஆலோசனையை நாடி வந்தனர். திருத்தந்தை மூன்றாம் ஃபெலிக்ஸ், கி.பி. 492ம் ஆண்டு மார்ச் மாதம் 1 ம் நாளன்று இறந்துவிடவே, கெலாசியுஸ் திருத்தந்தையாக தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார்.

இவர் தழைத்தோங்கி இருந்த அரசர்களின் ஆட்சியை முறியடித்து திருச்சபையில் கடவுளுக்கு மட்டுமே முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுத்தார். கிறிஸ்துவின் நற்செய்திக்கு முதலிடம் கொடுத்தார். ஏழை மக்களின் வாழ்வுக்கென்று பல மையங்களை ஏற்படுத்தினார். திருச்சபை சொத்துகளில் நான்கில் ஒரு பகுதியை ஏழைகளுக்குப் பகிர்ந்துக் கொடுத்தார். 

இவர், தாம் வாழ்ந்து வளர்ந்த ஏழ்மையை என்றும் மறவாமல் இறுதிவரை வாழ்ந்தார். ஏழைகளுக்கென்று தன் ஆட்சியில் தனி இடம் ஒதுக்கினார். அம்மக்களின் ஈடேற்றத்திற்காக இரவும் பகலும் அயராது செபித்தார். இயேசு வாழக் கூறிய அன்பான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்து மற்றவர்களுக்கு முன்னோடியாக திகழ்ந்தார். இவர் திருச்சபையில் பல சீர்த்திருத்தங்களைக் கொண்டு வந்தார். இவர் திருப்பலி பூசை புத்தகத்தை முதன்முதலில் அறிமுகப்படுத்திய பெருமைக்குரியவர் ஆவார். இவர் இறந்தபிறகு இவரது உடல் எங்கு அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது என்பதை கண்டறிய இயலவில்லை.

Profile

Son of an African immigrant named Valerius. Priest. Pope. Known for his learning, charity, and sense of justice. Opposed the Acacian and Manichaean heresies. Came into conflict with the Patriarch of Constantinople over supremacy in Alexandria, Egypt and Antioch. Suppressed many of the Roman pagan festivals, and ordered the reception of the Eucharist under both species, settling the argument of the proper form for Communion. Wrote for liturgical sacramentaries, and some of his work appears in the Leonine Sacramentary.

Born

at Rome, Italy

Papal Ascension

1 March 492 at Rome, Italy

Died

21 November 496 at Rome, Italy of natural causes

Saint Maurus of Porec

Also known as

Also known as

• Maurus of Istria

• Maurus of Parenzo

• Maur, Mauro, Marino

Profile

Monk for 18 years. Pilgrim to Rome, Italy. Bishop of Porec, Istria. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

• beheading c.300 of Porec, Istria

• buried in the cemtery outside the city

• interred in the church of Saint Maur in Proec c.500

• some relics transferred to Rome, Italy in the 7th century by Pope John IV, and now enshrined in the basilica of Saint John Lateran

Saint Agapius of Caesarea

Also known as

Agapio

Profile

Arrested three times during the persecutions of Diocletian, but released each time. On his fourth arrest he was imprisoned for two years, then offered his freedom if he would renounce Christianity; he declined. Martyr.

Born

Caesarea, Palestine

Died

• c.306

• chained to a convicted murdered and mauled by animals in the public amphitheatre

• still refusing to deny his faith, he was mauled by a bear

• still refusing to deny his faith, he was weighted with stones and drowned

Blessed Reyes Us Hernández

Profile

Married layman of the diocese of Quiché, Guatemala. He was very active in his local parish, and was murdered by government troops for it. Martyr.

Born

1939 in Macalajau, Uspantán, Quiché, Guatemala

Died

21 November 1980 in Macalajau, Uspantán, Quiché, Guatemala

Beatified

• 23 April 2021 by Pope Francis

• beatification recognition celebrated in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala

Blessed Eoin O'Mulkern

Also known as

• John Kieran

• John Mulcheran

Additional Memorial

20 June as one of the Irish Martyrs

Profile

Premonstratensian priest. Martyr.

Born

Irish

Died

21 November 1580 in Dublin, Ireland

Beatified

27 September 1992 by Pope John Paul II in Rome, Italy

Blessed Gelasius O'Cullenan

Additional Memorial

20 June as one of the Irish Martyrs

Profile

Blessed Gelasius O'Cullenan (also known as Glaisne) was a Cistercian abbot and martyr who was born in Ireland in the 16th century. He was educated at Salamanca University in Spain and then at the Sorbonne in Paris, where he earned his doctorate. After completing his studies, he returned to Ireland and was appointed abbot of Boyle Abbey in County Roscommon.

O'Cullenan was a devout Catholic and a staunch defender of the faith. He refused to conform to the Protestant religion that was being imposed on Ireland by the English government. As a result, he was arrested and imprisoned in Dublin Castle. He was tortured for his beliefs and eventually hanged, drawn, and quartered on November 21, 1580.

O'Cullenan was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1992. He is considered one of the Irish Martyrs, a group of Catholic priests, religious, and laity who were martyred for their faith during the Tudor period.

Born

Irish

Died

21 November 1580 in Dublin, Ireland

Beatified

27 September 1992 by Pope John Paul II in Rome, Italy

Saint Hilary of Vulturno

Profile

Benedictine monk. Abbot of San Vincenco, Volturno, Italy for 34 years, resurrecting the monastery as a center for learning and missions.

Born

at Matera, southern Italy

Died

c.1045 of natural causes

Saint Amelberga of Susteren

Also known as

Amalburga, Amalia, Amalberga

Profile

Saint Amelberga of Susteren was a Benedictine abbess who lived in the 9th century. She was born in the Netherlands, probably in the region of Limburg. Her parents were wealthy and noble, and she received a good education.

Amelberga was a devout and pious woman from a young age. She was drawn to the monastic life and eventually entered the Benedictine abbey at Susteren. She was quickly recognized for her intelligence, piety, and leadership skills.

Amelberga was elected abbess of Susteren in the early 9th century. She served as abbess for over 30 years, during which time she oversaw the growth and development of the abbey. She was known for her wisdom, compassion, and dedication to her community.

Amelberga was also a strong advocate for the poor and the marginalized. She founded a hospital and an orphanage at the abbey, and she provided food and shelter to those in need. She was also a tireless worker for peace and reconciliation.

Amelberga died in 900. She was buried in the abbey church at Susteren, which is now a basilica. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, and her feast day is celebrated on November 21.

Born

early 9th century

Died

c.900

Saint Digain

Also known as

Dygain

Profile

Born to the 5th-century nobility, the son of Constantine, a lord in Cornwall, England. The village of Llangernyw, Wales is named after him.

Saint Rufus of Rome

Profile

A 1st-century Christian greeted by name by Saint Paul the Apostle in the Epistle to the Romans 16:13.

Died

c.90

Saint Heliodorus of Pamphylia

Profile

Saint Heliodorus of Pamphylia was a Christian martyr who lived during the reign of the Roman emperor Aurelian (270-275 AD). He was a deacon in the city of Magidum in Pamphylia, a province in southern Asia Minor.

Heliodorus was a zealous Christian, and he was known for his preaching and his work with the poor and the sick. When the emperor Aurelian began to persecute Christians, Heliodorus was arrested and brought before the city governor, Aetius.

Aetius tried to persuade Heliodorus to renounce his faith, but he refused. Heliodorus was then subjected to torture, but he remained steadfast in his belief. Finally, Aetius ordered Heliodorus to be beheaded.

Heliodorus was martyred on November 21, 270 AD. He is commemorated as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 21.

Died

c.270 at Pamphylia

Saint Maurus of Verona

Profile

Saint Maurus of Verona (also known as Mauro of Verona) was a 7th-century bishop and hermit who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. He is remembered for his piety, humility, and devotion to the poor.

Early Life and Episcopal Ministry

Maurus was born in Verona, Italy, to a wealthy family. He received a good education and was known for his intelligence and piety. At a young age, he decided to devote his life to God and entered the Benedictine monastery of Subiaco.

After several years of monastic life, Maurus was chosen as bishop of Verona in 601 AD. He served as bishop for nearly 30 years, during which time he worked tirelessly to reform the diocese and promote Christian education. He was also known for his generosity to the poor and his care for the sick.

Died

c.600

Saint Clement

Profile

Saint Clement I (also known as Clement of Rome) was a prominent figure in the early Christian church and is considered one of the Four Apostolic Fathers, along with Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, and Papias of Hierapolis. He is believed to have been a close associate of the Apostle Peter and is traditionally regarded as the fourth pope, serving from 88 to 97 AD.

Early Life and Ministry

Clement's life and ministry are shrouded in some mystery, and there are varying accounts of his origins and activities. However, it is widely accepted that he was a Roman citizen of Jewish descent and played a significant role in the development of Christianity in Rome. He is credited with establishing the first Christian schools in Rome and is known for his writings, particularly his Epistle to the Corinthians, which is considered one of the most important early Christian works.

Martyrdom and Legacy

The circumstances of Clement's death are uncertain, but he is venerated as a martyr by both the Catholic and Orthodox churches. According to one tradition, he was exiled to the Crimean region of Ukraine, where he was tied to an anchor and thrown into the sea. Another account suggests that he was executed in Rome during the reign of Emperor Domitian.

Despite the lack of precise historical records, Clement's legacy as a pillar of the early Christian church is undeniable. His Epistle to the Corinthians remains a valuable source of insight into early Christian thought and practice, and his dedication to spreading the faith and nurturing Christian communities earned him the admiration and respect of his contemporaries and subsequent generations.

Died

martyred in Rome, Italy, date unknown

Saint Demetrius of Ostia

Profile

Saint Demetrius of Ostia

Saint Demetrius of Ostia was a Christian martyr who died in Ostia, Italy, in the 3rd century AD. He is commemorated on November 21.

Life and Martyrdom

Saint Demetrius of Ostia is a lesser-known saint, and there is not much information available about his life. He is believed to have been a Christian deacon who lived in Ostia, a port city near Rome, during the 3rd century AD. During this time, Christians were persecuted under the Roman Empire, and many were martyred for their faith. Demetrius was one of these martyrs.

According to tradition, Demetrius was arrested and brought before the Roman authorities for his Christian beliefs. He was offered the opportunity to renounce his faith and save his life, but he refused. Instead, he confessed his faith in Jesus Christ and was sentenced to death.

Demetrius was beheaded in Ostia on November 21. His body was buried in a cemetery near the city.

Veneration

Saint Demetrius of Ostia is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is also remembered in the Orthodox Church.

Representation

Saint Demetrius is often depicted in art as a young man with a beard. He is sometimes shown holding a palm branch, which is a symbol of martyrdom..

Died

Ostia, Italy, date unknown

Saint Celsus

Profile

Saint Celsus was a Christian martyr who is believed to have lived in Rome during the 4th or 5th century AD. He is commemorated on November 21.

Life and Martyrdom

There is very little information available about Saint Celsus's life. He is mentioned in a few ancient martyrologies, but these sources provide no details about his origins, his ministry, or the circumstances of his martyrdom. It is believed that he was martyred in Rome, but the exact date of his death is unknown.

Despite the lack of information about his life, Saint Celsus is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is often remembered in conjunction with Saint Nazarius, another Christian martyr who is also commemorated on this date.

Veneration

Saint Celsus is venerated in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is also remembered in some parts of the Orthodox Church.

Representation

Saint Celsus is often depicted in art as a young man with a beard. He is sometimes shown holding a palm branch, which is a symbol of martyrdom.

Died

martyred in Rome, Italy, date unknown

Saint Honorius of Ostia

Profile

Saint Honorius of Ostia was a Christian bishop and martyr who lived in Italy during the 3rd century AD. He is commemorated on November 21.

Life and Martyrdom

Honorius was born into a noble family in Ostia, a port city near Rome. He was a devout Christian from a young age and was known for his piety and generosity.

During the reign of Emperor Diocletian, Christians were persecuted throughout the Roman Empire. Honorius was one of the many Christians who were arrested and brought before the Roman authorities. He was accused of refusing to sacrifice to the pagan gods and was sentenced to death.

Honorius was beheaded in Ostia on November 21. His body was buried in a cemetery near the city.

Veneration

Saint Honorius of Ostia is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on November 21. He is also remembered in the Orthodox Church.

Died

Ostia, Italy, date unknown

Martyrs of Asta

Profile

Three Christians martyred together for their faith during the persecutions of Diocletian. The only details about them to survive are their names - Eutychius, Honorius and Stephen.

Born

Spanish

Died

c.300 at Asta, Andalusia, Spain