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24 November 2021

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 25

 St. Alnoth

இவர் (#St_Alnoth) இங்கிலாந்து நாட்டைச் சார்ந்தவர்.




புனித வெர்பர்க்கின் துறவு மடத்தில் ஆடு, மாடு மேய்ப்பவராகத் தன் வாழ்க்கையைத் தொடங்கிய இவர், தூய்மைக்கும் பொறுமைக்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த எடுத்துக்காட்டாக விளங்கினார்.


பின்பு இவர் ஸ்டோவ் (Stowe) என்ற இடத்திற்குச் சென்று, ஒரு துறவியைப் போன்று இறைவேண்டலுக்கும் நோன்பிற்கும் ஒறுத்தலுக்கும் மிகுந்த முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுத்து வாழ்ந்தார்.


ஒருமுறை கொள்ளையர்கள் இருவர், இவரிடம் இருப்பதை அபகரித்து விட்டுப் போகலாம் என்று இவரிடம் வந்தனர்; ஆனால் அவர்கள் இருவரும் இவரிடம் எதுவும் இல்லாததைக் கண்டு இவரைக் கொலை செய்தனர்.


இவர் கொல்லப்பட்ட ஆண்டு கி.பி 700 ஆகும்

Feastday: November 25

Death: 700


Herder and hermit, mentioned in the life of St. Werburga. Alnoth tended cows on the lands of St. Werburga's monastery at Weedon, in Northhampton, England. He was badly used by a local official, earning a reputation for holiness and patience. Alnoth retired from active life and became a hermit. Two robbers accosted him in his hermitage, slaying him. He is honored locally as a martyr, and his tomb at Stowe, near Bubrook in Northhampton, became a popular shrine for pilgrims.


Ælfnoth or Alnoth (died 700) was an English hermit and martyr. Little is known of his life, though he is mentioned in Jocelyn's life of Saint Werburgh as a pious neatherd at Weedon, who bore with great patience the ill-treatment of the bailiff placed over him, and who afterwards became a hermit in a very lonely spot, where he was eventually murdered by two robbers. On this ground he was honoured as a martyr; and there was some concourse of pilgrims to his tomb at Stowe near Bugbrooke in Northamptonshire. Ælfnoth is not mentioned in any surviving early calendars; his feast was later kept on 27 February or on 25 November.



St. Mesrop


Feastday: November 25

Patron: of Armenia

Birth: 361

Death: 440





Confessor and disciple of St. Nerses the Great of Armenia, called "the Teacher." Mesrop was born in Taron, Armenia, and became a hermit under St. Nerses the Great. He served as a missionary with St. Isaac the Great and helped compose the Armenian alphabet and translations of the Holy Scriptures. Mesrop, sometimes listed as Mesrob, was proficient in Greek, Syriac, and Persian. He founded schools in Armenia and Georgia, and reportedly succeeded Patriarch Sahak in 440. Mesrop was beloved for his many contributions to Armenian education and died at Valarshapat on February 19 at age eighty.





Saint Catherine of Alexandria

✠ அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா நகர புனிதர் கேதரின் ✠

(St. Catherine of Alexandria)


கன்னியர்/ இளவரசி/ மறைசாட்சி:

(Virgin, Princess and Martyr)


பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 287

அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா, ரோமன் எகிப்து

(Alexandria, Roman Egypt)


இறப்பு: கி.பி. 305 (வயது 17–18)

அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா, எகிப்து

(Alexandria, Egypt)


ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Orthodox Church)

ஓரியண்ட்டல் மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Oriental Orthodoxy)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்

(Anglican Communion)

லூதரன் திருச்சபை

(Lutheranism)


முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

செயின்ட் கேதரின் துறவற மடம்

(Saint Catherine's Monastery)


நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 25


பாதுகாவல்:

திருமணமாகாத பெண்கள், எதிர்த்து வாதிடுபவர்கள், சக்கரத்துடன் வேலை செய்யும் கைவினைஞர்கள் (குயவர்கள், நெசவாளர்கள்), இறக்கும் மக்கள், கல்வியாளர்கள், பெண்கள், நீதிபதிகள், கத்தி தீட்டுபவர்கள், வழக்கறிஞர்கள், நூலகர்கள், நூலகங்கள், பாலிஹோல் கல்லூரி (Balliol College), மாஸ்ஸி கல்லூரி (Massey College), மணமாகாத இளம் பெண், ஆலை உரிமையாளர்கள், தொப்பி தயாரிப்பாளர்கள், செவிலியர், தத்துவவாதிகள், சாமியார்கள், அறிஞர்கள், பள்ளிக் குழந்தைகள், செயலர்கள், தட்டச்சர், மாணவர்கள், இறையியலாளர்கள், ஓவியேடோ பல்கலைக்கழகம் (University of Oviedo), பாரிஸ் பல்கலைக்கழகம் (University of Paris), செஜ்டன் (Żejtun), மால்ட்டா (Malta), ஸுர்ரியேக் (Żurrieq), பக்பிலாவோ (Pagbilao), கியூசொன் (Quezon), ஃபிலிப்பைன்ஸ் (Philippines), கர்கர் நகரம் (Carcar City), செபு (Cebu), கடேரிணி (Katerini), கிரேக்கம் (Greece)


“அலெக்சாண்ட்ரியா நகர புனிதர் கேதரின்” (Saint Catherine of Alexandria) என்றும், “சக்கரங்களின் புனிதர் கேதரின்” (Saint Catherine of the Wheel) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் இப்புனிதர், “மகா மறைசாட்சிப் புனிதர் கேதரின்” (The Great Martyr Saint Catherine) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறார். மரபுகளின்படி, கிறிஸ்தவ புனிதரும், கன்னியருமான இவர், நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டின் தொடக்கத்தில் அரசாண்ட ரோம பாகனிய பேரரசரான “மேக்சன்ஷியஸ்” (Pagan Emperor Maxentius) என்பவரது ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் மறைசாட்சியாக மரித்தவர் ஆவார்.


இவரது சுயசரிதத்தின்படி, இளவரசியும், குறிப்பிடப்படும்படியான அறிஞருமான இவர், தமது பதினான்கு வயதில் கிறிஸ்தவ சமயத்திற்கு மனம் மாறினார். நூற்றுக்கணக்கான பாகன் இன மக்களை கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக மனம் மாற்றிய இவர், தமது பதினெட்டு வயதில் மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார். அவரது தியாகத்தை தொடர்ந்து 1,100 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு பின்னர் தோன்றிய புனிதர் “ஜோன் ஆஃப் ஆர்க்” (Saint Joan of Arc), தமக்கு காட்சியளித்ததும், ஆலோசனைகள் கூறியதுவும் புனிதர் கேதரினே என்று அடையாளம் கண்டுகொண்டார்.


கேதரினம், பாரம்பரிய கதைகளின்படி, கி.பி. 286–305 ஆண்டு காலத்தில் ஆண்ட ரோமப் பேரரசர் (Roman Emperor) “மேக்சிமியன்” (Maximian) காலத்தில், எகிப்திய அலெக்சான்றியாவின் (Egyptian Alexandria) ஆளுநராக (Governor) இருந்த “கான்ஸ்டஸ்” (Constus) என்பவரது மகள் ஆவார். சிறு வயதிலிருந்தே கல்வியில் ஆர்வம் காட்டி கற்றுவந்த இவருக்கு காட்சியளித்த, குழந்தை இயேசுவை ஏந்தி வந்த அன்னை கன்னி மரியாள், கேதரினை கிறிஸ்தவராக மனம் மாறுமாறு அறிவுறுத்தினார்.


பேரரசர் “மேக்சன்ஷியஸ்” (Emperor Maxentius) கிறிஸ்தவர்களை துன்புறுத்த தொடங்கியபோது, கேதரின் பேரரசரை அணுகி, அவரது கொடுமைகளுக்காக அவரைக் கடிந்துகொண்டார். ஐம்பது சிறந்த பாகன் இன தத்துவவாதிகளையும் (Pagan Philosophers), திறமையான பேச்சாளர்களையும் (Orators) அழைத்த பேரரசர், கேதரினுடன் பொது விவாதத்தில் ஈடுபட உத்தரவிட்டார். அவர்கள் கேதரினுடைய கிறிஸ்தவம் சார்பான வாதங்களை தமது திறமையான வாதங்களால் நிராகரிப்பார்கள்; தப்பென்று எடுத்துக்காட்டுவார்கள் என்று எதிர்பார்த்தார். ஆனால், கேதரின் அவரது எதிர்பார்ப்புகளை பொய்யாக்கினார். அவரை எதிர்த்து அவர்களால் ஜெயிக்க இயலவில்லை. கேதரின் தம்மை எதிர்த்தவர்களை தமது சொற்பொழிவால் வெற்றிகொண்டார். அவர்களில் பெரும்பாலானோர் தம்மை கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக சாற்றினர். அவர்களனைவரும் பேரரசனால் கொல்லப்பட்டனர்.


கேதரினை பிடித்து கசையால் அடித்து சிறையிலிட்டனர். குறுகிய கால வேளையில், அவரைக் காண இருநூற்றுக்கும் மேற்பட்டோர் சிறைச் சாலைக்கு வந்தனர். அவர்களை, பேரரசனின் மனைவியும், ரோமப் பேரரசியுமான (Empress of the Romans) “வலேரியா மேக்சிமில்லா” (Valeria Maximilla) ஒருவர். அவர்களனைவரும் கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக மனம் மாறினார்கள். தொடர்ந்து, அவர்களனைவரும் மறைசாட்சியர்களாக கொல்லப்பட்டனர்.



கொடூரமான துன்புறுத்தல்களால் அழகியும் புத்திசாலியுமான இளவரசி கேதரினை வசப்படுத்த இயலாத “பேரரசர் மேக்சன்ஷியஸ்” (Emperor Maxentius) திருமண ஆசை காட்டினான். அவனை புறங்கையால் நிராகரித்த புனிதர், தமது மணவாளன் இயேசுவே என்று சாற்றினார். தமது கன்னிமையை அவருக்கே அர்ப்பணிப்பதாகவும் அறிவித்தார். ஆத்திரமடைந்த பேரரசன், உடைந்த சக்கரத்தின் மீது கேத்தரினை கட்டி கொள்ளுமாறு கட்டளையிட்டான். ஆனால், கேதரின் அச்சக்கரத்தை தொட்டதுமே அது மேலும் உடைந்து தகர்ந்து போனது. இறுதியில், கேதரின் தலை வெட்டப்பட்டு படுகொலை செய்யப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

Katherine, Ekaterina, Katharina, Katarina



Profile

Apocryphal. Born to the nobility. Learned in science and oratory. Converted to Christianity after receiving a vision. When she was 18 years old, during the persecution of Maximinus, she offered to debate the pagan philosophers. Many were converted by her arguments, and immediately martyred. Maximinus had her scourged and imprisoned. The empress and the leader of the army of Maximinus were amazed by the stories, went to see Catherine in prison. They converted and were martyred. Maximinus ordered her broken on the wheel, but she touched it and the wheel was destroyed. She was beheaded, and her body whisked away by angels.


Immensely popular during the Middle Ages, there were many chapels and churches devoted to her throughout western Europe, and she was reported as one of the divine advisors to Saint Joan of Arc. Her reputation for learning and wisdom led to her patronage of libaries, librarians, teachers, archivists, and anyone associated with wisdom or teaching. Her debating skill and persuasive language has led to her patronage of lawyers. And her torture on the wheel led to those who work with them asking for her intercession. One of the Fourteen Holy Helpers.



While there may well have been a noble, educated, virginal lady who swayed pagans with her rhetoric during the persecutions, the accretion of legend, romance and poetry has long since buried the real Catherine.


Died

beheaded c.305 in Alexandria, Egypt




Saint Peter of Alexandria


Profile

Suffered in the persecution of Decius, but survived. Renowned for his knowledge of science and the Bible. Head of the catechetical school at Alexandria, Egypt. Bishop of Alexandria in 300. Opposed extreme Origenism. May have been the first to deal with the Arian heresy.



During the Diocletian persecution, Peter fled the area with many of his flock. Criticized by many for being lenient and forgiving to Christians who had renounced their faith during the persecutions. However, when a rogue bishop usurped Peter's position, the Meletian schism broke out in his clergy, and Peter had to return from hiding to deal with it. Peter excommunicated Meletius and convened a synod of bishops to condemn the schism. His writings were used in the Council of Ephesus and the Council of Chalcedon.


Bishop Peter was martyred with Father Dio, Father Ammonius, and Father Faustus, three of his priests, in the persecutions of Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus. As he was the last Christian martyred in Alexandria by civil authorities, the Coptic Church calls him "the seal and complement of the martyrs".


Born

at Alexandria, Egypt


Died

• martyred in 311 at Alexandria, Egypt

• initially buried in an Alexandria martyr's cemetery

• most relics later enshrined in a church at Grasse, France




Blessed Beatrice d'Ornacieux


Also known as

• Beatrice di Ornacieu

• Beatrice of Eymeu

• Beatrix...



Additional Memorial

• 27 November (diocese of Grenoble, France)

• 13 February (diocese of Valence, France)


Profile

In 1273, at the age of thirteen, Beatice joined the Carthusians at the Charterhouse of Parménie, France. In 1301, she and two others, Luisa Alleman of Grésivaudan and Margherita di Sassenaye, were sent to found the monastery of Eymeu in the diocese of Valance, France. Noted for her devotion to the Passion of Christ, offering herself to suffer for others and as penance for the world. Said to have driven a nail through her left hand to help realize the sufferings of the Crucifixion.


Born

c.1260 in Ornacieu, Dauphine (in the southeastern area of modern France


Died

• 25 November 1303 at the monastery of Eymeu, Valence (in modern France) of natural causes

• re-interred in Parménie, France

• re-interred in the Olivetan sanctury there in 1901

• relics enshrined in the church of Rancurel


Beatified

15 April 1869 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmation)




Blessed Elizabeth Achler


Also known as

• Elizabeth Acheer

• Elizabeth Achlin

• Elizabeth Bona von Reute

• Elizabeth den Gode

• Elizabeth of Reute

• Elizabeth the Good

• Elizabeth the Recluse

• Elizabeth von Reute

• Betha, Elisabeth, Elsbeth



Additional Memorial

9 December (Franciscans)


Profile

Born poor, the daughter of John and Anne Achler. Franciscan tertiary at age 14, but found it hard to lead a religious life while living with her parents. At age 17 she joined four other tertiaries in a community in Reute, Germany; she lived there the rest of her life. For most of her life she was subject to ecstasies, and received visions of heaven, hell and purgatory. Stigmatist whose wounds hurt constantly, but which bled on Fridays and during Lent. Had the gift of inedia, eating nothing but the Eucharist for long periods.


Born

25 November 1386 at Waldsee, Wurttemberg, Swabia, Germany


Died

• 25 November 1420 at Reute, Germany of natural causes

• buried in the church at Reute


Beatified

19 July 1766 by Pope Clement XIII (cultus confirmed)


Patronage

Swabia, Germany



Saint Petrus Yi Ho-yong


Also known as

Peteuro, Pietro, Peter



Additional Memorial

20 September as one of the Martyrs of Korea


Profile

Brother of Saint Agatha Yi So-sa. Layman catechist in the apostolic vicariate of Korea. Imprisoned for four years, regularly beaten, several bones broken, and he eventually died from his mistreatment. One of the earliest of the Martyrs of Korea.


Born

1803 in Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea


Died

25 November 1838 in Seoul Prison, South Korea of abuse received in prison


Canonized

6 May 1984 by Pope John Paul II



Blessed Beatrix of Ornacieux


Also known as

Beatrice


Additional Memorial

27 November in the diocese of Grenoble, France



Profile

Carthusian nun. Founded a Carthusian house at Eymieux, France. Known for her devotion to the Passion of Christ; said to have driven a nail through her left hand to help realize the sufferings of the Crucifixion.


Born

c.1260 in Ornacieu, France


Died

c.1306 at the monastery at Eymieux, France of natural causes


Beatified

15 April 1869 by Pope Pius IX (cultus confirmed)



Saint Moses of Rome


Profile

May have been of Jewish ancestry. Imperial Roman citizen. Priest. Noted preacher. Adamant opponent of the heresy of Novatianism. Correspondent with Saint Cyprian at the beginning of the persecutions of Decius. After the execution of Pope saint Fabian under Emperor Decius, he administered the Church with the help of the priests and bishops who were in Rome. Helped reconcile repentant apostates who were sick and about to die. Imprisoned for nearly a year for his faith. Martyr.


Born

Rome, Italy


Died

c.251 from terrible conditions in prison



Saint Mercurius of Caesarea


Also known as

Mercury


Profile

Scythian Christian soldier who distinguished himself against the barbarian invaders of the Roman empire, and gained the notice of Decius. However, he refused to sacrifice to the pagan god Artemis, and so was tortured and executed. Some versions of his story include angelic visions and messages received in dreams, but his being a soldier and martyr is all we really know.


Died

• beheaded c.250 Caesarea, Cappadocia

• relics enshrined in several churches in southern Italy



Saint Audentius of Milan


Also known as

Audenzio


Profile

Born to the imperial Roman nobility, and a sentator from Milan. When visited Saint Julius of Novara on the island of Orta he was so taken by Julius' obvious holiness that he gave him moral, spiritual and financial support in his evangelization work.


Died

• c.400 of natural causes

• buried on Isola San Giulio, Italy next to Saint Julius


Patronage

Pettenasco, Italy



Blessed Ekbert of Muensterschwarzach


Also known as

Egbert, Eckbert, Ekkbert



Profile

Monk at Gorze. Abbot of Mönsterschwarzach, Bavaria, Germany.


Born

c.1010


Died

1075 of natural causes



Saint Imina of Würzburg


Also known as

Imma, Immina


Profile

Daughter of Duke Hedan II of Thuringia. Donated Marienburg castle in Würzburg, Germany to Bishop Burkhard, and retired from public life to become a nun. Abbess at Karlburg, Franconia.


Born

c.700 at Würzburg, Germany


Died

752 of natural causes



Blessed Adalbert of Caramaico


Profile

Benedictine monk at Casauria, Abruzzi, Italy. He retired to live as a hermit in the Caramaico mountain area near Chieti, Italy. There he attracted so many would-be spiritual students that he founded the Saint Nicholas monastery for them.


Died

c.1045 of natural causes



Blessed Conrad of Heisterbach


Also known as

Konrad


Profile

Soldier. Ministered to the margraves of Thuringia until he was about 50 years old. He then became a Cistercian monk at Heisterbach Abbey in western Germany.


Died

c.1200 at Heisterbach Abbey, Germany of natural causes



Blessed Jacinto Serrano López


Profile

Dominican priest. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.


Born

30 July 1901 in Urrea de Gaén, Teruel, Spain


Died

25 November 1936 in Híjar, Teruel, Spain


Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II



Blessed Santiago Meseguer Burillo


Profile

Dominican priest. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.


Born

1 May 1885 in Híjar, Teruel, Spain


Died

25 November 1936 in Híjar, Teruel, Spain


Beatified

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Erasmus of Antioch


Also known as

Elme


Profile

Priest. Bishop in Syria. During a period of persecution of Christians, he fled to Mount Linanus and lived as a hermit for 17 years. Martyred in the persecutions of Licinius.


Born

Antioch, Syria


Died

Antioch, Syria



Saint Alanus of Lavaur


Also known as

Alain, Ala


Profile

Seventh century founder and abbot of the monastery of Lavaur in Gascony (in modern France).


Died

• 7th century of natural causes

• relics preserved in the hospice of the house he founded



Blessed Garcia of Arlanza


Profile

Soldier. Monk. Abbot of Arlanza monastery, Burgos, Spain in 1039. Friend and counsellor of King Ferdinand I of Castile.


Born

at Quintanilla, Old Castile (in modern Spain)


Died

c.1073 of natural causes



Saint Marculo of Numidia


Also known as

Marcolo


Profile

Bishop. Murdered for his faith by a man named Macario in the reign of emperor Constantine. Martyr.


Died

thrown from a rock in 347 in Numidia



Saint Jucunda of Reggio Aemilia


Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Prosper of Reggio. Nun.


Born

Reggio Aemilia, Italy


Died

466 of natural causes



Saint Bernold of Ottobeuren


Profile

Benedictine monk and priest of Ottobeuren in Bavaria, Germany. Known in his day as a "wonder worker".


Died

c.1050 of natural causes



Blessed Guido of Casauria


Profile

Benedictine monk at Farfa, Italy. Abbot of the monastery at Casauria, Abruzzi, Italy.


Died

c.1045 of natural causes



Saint Maurino of Agen


Also known as

Maurin, Maurinus


Profile

Sixth century evangelist in the rural areas of Agen, Aquitaine (in modern France). Martyr.



Martyrs of Africa


Profile

A group of 13 Christians murdered together for their faith in Africa, date unknown. The only details to have survived are their names - Claudian, Cyprian, Donatus, Felix, Januarius, Julian, Lucian, Marcian, Martialis, Peter, Quirianus, Victor and Vitalis.



கர்தினால் சார்லஸ் மார்டியல் அல்லெமாண்ட் லவிகேரீ Charles-Martial-Allemand Lavigerie


பிறப்பு 

31 அக்டோபர் 1825, 

பயோன்னே Bayonne, பிரான்சு



இறப்பு 

25 நவம்பர் 1892, 

அல்ஜீரியா


இவர் குருவாக திருநிலைப்படுத்தப்பட்டு பேராசிரியராக பணியாற்றினார். 1863 ஆம் ஆண்டு நான்சி (Nancy) என்ற மறைமாவட்டத்திற்கு ஆயராக தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். பின்னர் 1867 ல் அல்ஜீரியாவிற்கு பேராயராக தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். பின்னர் 1882 ல் கர்தினாலாக உயர்த்தப்பட்டார். பின்னர் ஆப்ரிக்காவில் மறைபரப்புப் பணியை ஆற்றச் சென்றார். பின்னர் 1886 ல் "வெள்ளை அருள்தந்தையர்" (Weißen Vater) என்ற பெயரிலும் "வெள்ளை அருள்சகோதரிகள்" (Weißen Schwestern) என்ற பெயரிலும் சபை ஒன்றை நிறுவினார். 



இவர் ஆப்ரிக்காவில் முஸ்லீம் இன மக்களிடையே தன் மறைபரப்பு பணியை ஆற்றினார். ஆப்ரிக்காவின் பல்வேறு நகரங்களில் மறைபரப்பு மையங்களை நிறுவினார். பின்னர் மால்டாவில் Malta மறைக்கல்வி நிறுவனம் ஒன்றையும் நிறுவினார். பின்னர் 12 நவம்பர் 1890 ல் மறைப்பணீயை பரப்புவதற்காக அல்ஜீரியாவிற்கு வரவழைக்கப்பட்டார். அங்கு இவர் கார்த்தாகோவில் Karthago இருந்த பேராலயத்தில் பணிபுரிந்துவந்தார். பல இளைய பெண்களுக்கு வழிகாட்டி துறவியாக்கினார். 

St. Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand (1825-1892)


Charles Martial Allemand Lavigerie, Cardinal Archbishop of Algiers and Carthage, Primate of Africa, missionary founder and anti-slavery campaigner, was born near Bayonne in the Basque region of southern France. After his schooling, he studied theology at Saint Sulpice in Paris. In 1854, after priestly ordination and further studies, he was appointed professor of church history in the university of the Sorbonne, Paris. In 1860, as director of the work for oriental schools, he travelled to Lebanon and Syria to administer relief to Christians there, following the massacre by the Druses. During this journey he met the exiled Algerian leader, Abd el Kader, and was impressed by his humanity and Islamic culture. He also developed an interest in churches of the eastern rites and became aware of the twin threats to their existence of Muslim pressure and Catholic Latinization. On his return, he joined the staff of the Vatican as an auditor of the Roman Rota. At this time he also made the acquaintance of Daniel Comboni and his ideas for the regeneration of Africa.


In 1863 he was appointed Bishop of Nancy, France and was placed in line for the important archiepiscopal see of Lyons. However, he declined this prestigious appointment, and asked instead for the colonial see of Algiers, to which he was appointed archbishop in 1867. Algeria had become a French colony in 1830, and under Napoleon III was designated an “Arab Kingdom.” Although the French authorities discouraged proselytism among Muslims, Lavigerie made it clear that he had come to serve the whole population of Algeria and that his ultimate aim was to evangelize the entire continent of Africa. To this end he founded the Society of Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) in 1868 and the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa (White Sisters) in 1869. After difficult beginnings, these international missionary societies attracted large numbers of recruits in France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and Canada. Lavigerie established orphanages and schools for the child victims of successive famines in Algeria. In 1868 he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to the Sahara and Sudan by Pope Pius IX and ten years later was entrusted by Pope Leo XIII with the evangelization of sub-Saharan Africa. In 1878 he started a seminary in Jerusalem for Catholic students of the Greek Melchite rite, but his ambition to halt Latinization by himself becoming Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem was not realized.


From 1878 his missionaries established themselves in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa and, after his death, in the French territories of West Africa. Created a Cardinal in 1882, Lavigerie revived the ancient see of Carthage, with the title Primate of Africa, when the French annexed Tunisia. Throughout 1888 Lavigerie conducted a personal campaign against slavery in the capitals of Europe. In this campaign he made known the heart-rending experiences of slavery witnessed by his missionaries in equatorial Africa. The campaign resulted in the anti-slavery conferences of Brussels and Paris. At the request of Pope Leo XIII, Lavigerie pronounced the celebrated “Toast of Algiers” in 1890 in order to rally support for the French republican government. In doing this he forfeited the considerable support he was receiving from traditional French Catholics. Lavigerie was a passionate and far-sighted humanitarian, never far from controversy, but possessing a strong faith in the ability of African Christians to carry out the effective evangelization of their continent.

23 November 2021

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 24

 Martyrs of Vietnam

 புனித ஆண்ட்ரூ, டங்-லாக் மற்றும் குழுவினர் 

(St. Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions)

நினைவுத் திருநாள் : நவம்பர் 24

கம்யூனிச அடக்குமுறையிலும் தழைத்து வளர்ந்த கிறிஸ்தவம்!

வியட்னாமை, டான்கின், அன்னாம், கோகின் சினா ஆகிய மூன்று அரசுகள் ஆட்சி செய்துவந்த காலத்தில் போர்த்துக்கீசியர்கள் வழியாக அந்நாட்டில் கிறிஸ்தவம் பரவியது. 

1615ம் ஆண்டில் Da Nang என்ற இடத்தில் இயேசு சபையினர் மறைப்பணித்தளத்தை ஆரம்பிதனர். ஜப்பானில் கிறிஸ்தவத்துக்கு எதிராக நடந்த அடக்குமுறைகளுக்குத் தப்பிவந்த ஜப்பானியர்களுக்கு இவர்கள் மறைப் பணியாற்றினார்கள். ஆனால் வியட்நாமை ஆட்சி செய்த அரசர்களில் ஒருவர் அனைத்து வெளிநாட்டு மறைபோதகர்களையும் தடை செய்தார். 

கிறிஸ்தவத்தை ஏற்றுக்கொண்ட வியட்நாம் நாட்டினர் அனைவரையும் விசுவாசத்தை மறுதலிக்குமாறு சிலுவையில் அறைந்து துன்புறுத்தினார். 

1820ம் ஆண்டுக்குப் பின்னர் அறுபது ஆண்டுகளுக்கு இக்கொடுமைகள் அதிகரித்தன. அச்சமயத்தில் ஒரு இலட்சம் முதல் மூன்று இலட்சம் கத்தோலிக்கர் வரை கொல்லப்பட்டனர் மற்றும் மிகவும் கடினமான வேலைகள் கொடுக்கப்பட்டனர். இதில் பல வெளிநாட்டவரும் கொல்லப்பட்டனர். வியட்நாம் பேரரசர் மின்ங் மான்ங் என்பவரின் மகன்களில் ஒருவரால் வழிநடத்தப்பட்ட கிளர்ச்சிக்கு வியட்னாம் கிறிஸ்தவர்களும் வெளிநாட்டு மறைப்பணியாளர்களும் ஆதரவு தருகின்றார்கள் என்று சந்தேகப்பட்டு 1847ல் அடக்குமுறைகள் அதிகமாயின. 

1862ம் ஆண்டில் ஒன்பது வயது சிறுவன் உட்பட 17 பொதுநிலையினர் கொல்லப்பட்டனர். 1839ம் ஆண்டு டிசம்பர் 21ம் தேதி ஹனோய்ப் பகுதியில் 117 பேர் தலைவெட்டி கொலை செய்யப்பட்டனர். அவர்களில் ஒருவர் ஆன்ட்ரூ டுங் லாக். வியட்னாமின் வட பகுதியில் வாழ்ந்த இவரது ஏழைக் குடும்பம், பிழைப்பு தேடி ஹனோய்ப் பகுதிக்குச் சென்றது. அப்போது இவர் கிறிஸ்தவம் பற்றி அறிந்து அதை ஏற்றார். 1823ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் 15ம் தேதி குருத்துவ அருள்பொழிவும் பெற்றார் ஆன்ட்ரூ. இவரது வாழ்வுமுறை மற்றும் போதனையினால் மக்கள் பெருமளவில் திருமுழுக்குப் பெற்றனர். 

கிறிஸ்தவர்களை வெறித்தனத்தோடு கொலைசெய்துவந்த பேரரசர், ஆன்ட்ரூவைக் கைது செய்தார். ஆயினும் துறவற சபை அருட்பணியாளர்கள் பணம் கொடுத்து இவரை மீட்டனர். இப்படி மீண்டும் மீண்டும் கைது செய்யப்பட்டார் ஆன்ட்ரூ. இறுதியில் கொலை செய்யப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

• Martyrs of Tonkin

• Martyrs of Annam

• Martyrs of IndoChina




Profile

Between the arrival of the first Portuguese missionary in 1533, through the Dominicans and then the Jesuit missions of the 17th century, the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century, and the Communist-led terrors of the twentieth, there have been many thousands of Catholics and other Christians murdered for their faith in Vietnam. Some were priests, some nuns or brothers, some lay people; some were foreign missionaries, but most were native Vietnamese killed by their own government and countrymen.



Record keeping being what it was, and because the government did not care to keep track of the people it murdered, we have no information on the vast bulk of the victims. In 1988, Pope John Paul II recognized over a hundred of them, including some whose Causes we do have, and in commemoration of those we do not. They are collectively known as the Martyrs of Vietnam (or Tonkin or Annam or the other older names of that country).

Through the missionary efforts of various religious families beginning in the sixteenth century and continuing until 1866, the Vietnamese people heard the message of the gospel, and many accepted it despite persecution and even death. On June 19, 1988, Pope John Paul II canonized 117 persons martyred in the eighteenth century. Among these were ninety-six Vietnamese, eleven missionaries born in Spain and belonging to the Order of Preachers, and ten French missionaries belonging to the Paris Foreign Mission Society. Among these saints are eight Spanish and French bishops, fifty priests (thirteen European and thirty-seven Vietnamese), and fifty-nine lay people. These martyrs gave their lives not only for the Church but for their country as well. They showed that they wanted the gospel of Christ to take root in their people and contribute to the good of their homeland. On June 1, 1989, these holy martyrs were inscribed in the liturgical calendar of the Universal Church on November 24th.

They include -



• Blessed Andrew the Catechist • Saint Agnes De • Saint Anrê Tran An Dung • Saint Anrê Tran Van Trông • Saint Anrê Tuong • Saint Antôn Nguyen Ðích • Saint Antôn Nguyen Huu Quynh • Saint Augustine Moi Van Nguyen • Saint Augustine Schoffler • Saint Augustinô Nguyen Van Moi • Saint Augustinô Phan Viet Huy • Saint Bênadô Võ Van Duê • Saint Clemente Ignacio Delgado Cebrián • Saint Daminh Ninh • Saint Domingo Henares de Zafra Cubero • Saint Dominic Uy Van Bui • Saint Ðaminh Bùi Van Úy • Saint Ðaminh Ðinh Ðat • Saint Ðaminh Huyen • Saint Ðaminh Mau • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Ðuc Mao • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Van Hanh • Saint Ðaminh Nguyen Van Xuyên • Saint Ðaminh Pham Trong Kham • Saint Ðaminh Toai • Saint Ðaminh Trach Ðoài • Saint Ðaminh Tuoc • Saint Emanuele Lê Van Phung • Saint Emmanuel Nguyen Van Trieu • Saint Etienne-Théodore Cuenot • Saint Francesc Gil de Federich de Sans • Saint Francis Trung Von Tran • Saint Francis Xavier Can Nguyen • Saint François Jaccard • Saint François-Isidore Gagelin • Saint Giacôbê Ðo Mai Nam • Saint Gioan Ðat • Saint Gioan Ðoàn Trinh Hoan • Saint Giuse Ðang Van Viên • Saint Giuse Hoàng Luong Canh • Saint Giuse Nguyen Duy Khang • Saint Giuse Nguyen Ðình Nghi • Saint Giuse Nguyen Ðình Uyen • Saint Giuse Pham Trong Ta • Saint Jacinto Castañeda Puchasóns • Saint Jean-Charles Cornay • Saint Jean-Théophane Vénard • Saint John Baptist Con • Saint John-Louis Bonnard • Saint José Fernández de Ventosa • Saint José María Díaz Sanjurjo • Saint José Melchór García-Sampedro Suárez • Saint Joseph Marchand • Saint Luca Pham Trong Thìn • Saint Martinô Ta Ðuc Thinh • Saint Martinô Tho • Saint Mateo Alonso de Leciñana • Saint Matthêô Nguyen Van Ðac Phuong • Saint Micae Nguyen Huy My • Saint Nicolas Bùi Ðuc The • Saint Nicolas Bùi Ðuc The • Saint Pere Josep Almató Ribera Auras • Saint Phanxicô Ðo Van Chieu • Saint Phanxicô Xaviê Can • Saint Phanxicô Xaviê Hà Trong Mau • Saint Phaolô Hanh • Saint Phaolô Lê Bao Tinh • Saint Phaolô Nguyen Ngân • Saint Phaolô Nguyen Van My • Saint Phaolô Vu Van Duong • Saint Phêrô Dung • Saint Phêrô Ða • Saint Pherô Ðoàn Van Vân • Saint Phêrô Khan • Saint Phêrô Lê Tùy • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Bá Tuan • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Khac Tu • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Van Luu • Saint Phêrô Nguyen Van Tu • Saint Phêrô Thuan • Saint Phêrô Truong Van Ðuong • Saint Phêrô Truong Van Thi • Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa • Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa • Saint Phêrô Vu Van Truat • Saint Pierre Rose Ursule Dumoulin Borie • Saint Pierre-François Néron • Saint Stêphanô Nguyen Van Vinh • Saint Tôma Ðinh Viet Du • Saint Tôma Nguyen Van Ðe • Saint Tôma Toán • Saint Tôma Tran Van Thien • Saint Valentin Faustino Berri Ochoa • Saint Vihn Son Ðo Yen • Saint Vincent Liêm • Saint Vinh Son Nguyen The Ðiem • Saint Vinh Son Tuong • Saint Vinh-Son Duong •


Died

martyred in various ways and in various locations in Vietnam


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II




Saint Albert of Louvain


Also known as

• Albert of Leuven

• Albert of Liege

• Alberto di Lovanio

• Albrecht of...


Additional Memorial

27 November (Belgium)



Profile

Son of Duke Godfrey III of Brabant. Made a canon of Liege, Belgium at age 12, a political appointment for guaranteed income rather than a religious vocation. He gave up the position at age 21 to become a knight under Count Baldwin V of Hainault, a bitter enemy of his native Brabant. He talked of going on Crusade, but never did, and eventually realized that religious life was calling him. He became a canon of Liege again, this time as a true vocation.


Archdeacon and provost of Brabant. Bishop of Liege in 1191. Albert of Rethel, cousin of Count Baldwin and uncle of the Empress Constance, wife of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, had sought the episcopacy. He appealed to the emperor for help; Henry removed Albert from the position and made a third candidate, Lothaire, who was the provost of Bonn, Germany, the new bishop of Liege. Albert then appealed to the Vatican, both for himself and to help clearly establish the Pope's supremacy in the matter. Celestine III declared Albert's election valid, and returned him to Liege. Lothair refused to surrender the see; Henry backed him, and forced the priests in the diocese to submit to Lothair.


Bruno, archbishop of Cologne, Germany was supposed to ordain Albert, but refused, fearing the emperor. William, archbishop of Rheims, France, ordained Albert as priest, and then as bishop. In an attempt to end the matter in the emperor's favour, a group of Henry's knights ambushed and murdered Albert on the road outside Rheims. The plan backfired, however, as Lothair was excommunicated and exiled, and Henry was forced to submit to Rome and do penance; lay investiture (civil control over ordinations) took another serious blow.


Born

c.1166 in Brabant (in modern Belgium)


Died

• stabbed on 21 November 1192 on the road outside Rheims, France

• buried in Rheims

• relics transferred to a Carmelite convent in Brussels, Belgium in 1612

• some relics re-located to the cathedral in Liege, Belgium in 1822


Canonized

1621 by Pope Paul V




Saint Romanus of Le Mans


Also known as

• Romanus of Blaye

• Romanus of Bordeaux

• Romanus of the Garonne

• Romanus of Tours


Profile

Summoned across the Alps to LeMans by his uncle, Saint Julian, missionary bishop of the area, who ordained him. Missionary to the area around the river Gironde. Noted for being backward, shy, introverted, and a lousy preacher, he still made converts one after another, healing, exorcising demons, and quietly bringing the Gospel to the pagans. Worked especially with the sailors of the area.


When Julian died, Romanus returned to LeMans to mourn and to care for his uncle's tomb. Other people were buried nearby in order to be near a saint, and a group of monks dedicated to caring for the graves, and who called themselves the Grave-Diggers grew up around the churchyard. Romanus joined them, and spent the rest of his days caring for the tombs, bringing the faithful to their final resting place, and bringing the comfort of the faith to the mourners.


Born

Rome, Italy


Died

• November 385 of natural causes at Blaye, France

• interred next to Saint Julian of Le Mans


Patronage

against shipwreck



Blessed Maria Anna Sala


Profile

Daughter of Giovanni and Giovannina Sala; fifth of eight children in a pious family. Educated in the convent school by the Sisters of Saint Marcellina in Vimercate, Italy. She wanted to join the Sisters, but her family needed her help, and Maria returned home. In 1848, her family obligations fulfilled, she returned to the Sisters, and made her profession on 13 September 1852. Over the next four decades she taught at the Marcellina schools in Cernusco, Chambery, Genoa, and Milan. Diagnosed with throat cancer in 1883, she kept the matter to herself and continued to work for another eight years. Throughout the beatification investigation and recognition everyone involved stressed Maria's quiet dignity and her unwavering devotion to Christ no matter how severe her pain or trying her circumstances.



Born

21 April 1829 at Brivio, Italy


Died

• 24 November 1891 at Milan, Italy of throat cancer

• remains found to be incorrupt when her Cause was introduced in 1920


Beatified

26 October 1980 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Flora of Cordoba


Profile

Born to Muslim parents. She and her mother converted to Christianity - Flora was raised Christian, her brother Muslim. She was often abused at home for her faith. She took a private vow of chastity, and ministered to Christian prisoners. When her parents announced an arranged marriage to an Islamic man, Flora and her Christian friend Mary ran away, briefly hiding with the home of Flora's sister. The sister, however, feared being accused of harboring Christians, and threw the two out. Her brother publicly betrayed her to the Islamic authorities. She was imprisoned and scourged, escaped, was recaptured, and martyred as part of the persecutions of Abderrahman II.



Born

Cordoba, Spain


Died

tortured and beheaded by Moors in 851 or 856 (sources vary on the year) in Cordoba, Spain


Patronage

• abandoned people

• betrayal victims

• converts

• martyrs

• single laywomen



Saint Bieuzy of Brittany


Also known as

Beuzi, Beuzit, Bieuzi, Bihi, Bihui, Bihuy, Bihy, Bilhwi, Bili, Bilicus, Bizuy, Budoc



Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Gildas the Wise. Followed Gildas in his work in Brittany (part of modern France). Monk. Known for his gift healing men and animals. Murdered by a nobleman refusing the man's summons to heal some rabid dogs; Bieuzy stayed at the monastery for religious services. Martyr.


Born

6th century in Anglo-Saxon Britain


Died

• stabbed in the head with a sword in the 7th century

• a healing spring of water appeared on the place he died in Pluvigner, France; it's supposed to extremely effective against toothache, rabies, headaches and dog bites

• relics enshrined in the church in Pluvigner


Patronage

• against madness

• against rabies



Saint Pierre Rose Ursule Dumoulin Borie


Also known as

• Peter Dumoulin

• Peter Dumoulin-Borie



Profile

Studied at the seminary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, beginning in 1829. Ordained in 1832. Missionary to Tonkin (modern Vietnam). Arrested for his faith in 1836. During his two years in prison, where he was regularly beaten and tortured, he was appointed titular bishop and vicar apostolic of western Tonkin.


Born

20 February 1808 in Beynat, Corrèze, diocese of Tulle, France


Died

• beheaded on 24 November 1838 at Ðong Hoi, Quang Bình, Vietnam

• relics transferred to Paris, France in 1843


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Colman of Cloyne


Also known as

• Colman MacLenini

• Colman Mac Lenine

• Colman MacLenine



Profile

Son of Lenin. Poet. Royal bard, poet, musician, court historian, and genealogist at Cashel, Ireland. Adult convert at age fifty, being baptized by Saint Brendan the Navigator; he had become involved with Brendan and Christianity while helping recover the stolen shrine of Saint Ailbhe from a lake. Priest. Evangelist in Limerick and Cork. Teacher of Saint Columba. Bishop of Cloyne, county Cork, Ireland.


Born

530 in Munster, Ireland


Died

c.600 of natural causes


Canonized

1903 (cultus confirmed)


Patronage

diocese of Cloyne, Ireland



Saint Protasius of Milan


Also known as

• Protasius Algisi

• Protasio...



Profile

Born to the Italian nobility. Priest. Bishop of Milan, Italy c.330, serving the rest of his life over 20 years later. Supported Saint Athanasius of Alexandria against the Arians. Attended the synod of Sardica in 343, and used it as a platform against Arianism.


Died

• 352 in Milan, Italy of natural causes

• interred of the church of San Vittore in Milan

• tomb reported to be the site of miraculous cures, including that of a blind child, a miracle witnessed by Saint Augustine of Hippo



Saint Portianus of Miranda


Also known as

Porciano, Pourçain



Profile

Slave. He ran from his masters, and sought refuge in Miaranda monastery, Auvergne, France. He became a monk there, and later abbot. At one point he demanded that the Merovingian king, Thierry of Austrasia, release his Auvergnate prisoners; Portianus was so influential, the king agreed.


Died

533 of natural causes




Saint Chrysogonus


Also known as

Crisogono, Grisogono


Additional Memorial

16 April (Greek calendar)



Profile

Priest. Functionary of the vicarius Urbis. Christian teacher of Saint Anastasia of Sirmium, the daughter of the Roman noble Praetextatus. Thrown into prison during the persecution of Diocletian, he comforted Anastasia by his letters. Martyred under Diocletian.


Died

• beheaded on 23 November 304 at Aquileia, Italy

• his corpse was thrown into the sea, washed ashore, and was buried by the aged priest, Zoilus, at Venice, Italy

• his head is in the Church of Saint Chrysogonus, Rome, Italy



Saint Kenan of Damleag


Also known as

Cianan, Kay, Kea, Quay


Profile

Descended from the royalty of Munster. In his youth, Kenan was one of fifty hostages given to King Leogair by the Irish princes as a guarantee of peace. Freed by the intercession of bishop Kiaran. Spiritual student of Saint Martin of Tours in France. Knew Saint Patrick who admired him and his writing skills. Bishop of Duleek, Ireland. First in Ireland to build his cathedral in stone; it was built on the site of a pagan altar he destroyed when he converted the people.


Born

Irish


Died

24 November 489 of natural causes



Saint Eanfleda of Whitby


Also known as

Eanflaed


Profile

Princess, the daughter of King Saint Edwin of Northumbria and Saint Ethelburga of Kent. Cousin of Saint Hilda of Whitby. Baptized by Saint Paulinus of York. Great supporter and patron of Saint Wilfrid of York. Married to King Oswy of Northumbria, and mother of Saint Elfleda. Widowed. Benedictine nun at Whitby, which was then under the leadership of her daughter Elfleda.


Born

7th century Northumbria, England


Died

c.700 in Whitby, England of natural causes



Saint Mary of Cordoba


Also known as

Maria


Profile

Friend of Saint Flora, and ran away with her, briefly hiding in the home of Flora's sister. The sister, however, feared being accused of harboring Christians, and threw the two out. Betrayed to the Islamic authorities by Flora's brother, she was imprisoned and scourged for her faith, escaped, was recaptured, and executed. Martyr.


Died

tortured and beheaded by Moors in 851 or 856 (sources vary on the year)


Patronage

martyrs



Saint Vinh Son Nguyen The Ðiem


Also known as

Vincent Diem


Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of West Tonkin. Worked with bishop Saint Peter Dumoulin. One of the Martyrs of Vietnam.


Born

c.1761 in An Dó, Quang Tri, Vietnam


Died

martyred on 24 November 1838 in Ðong Hoi, Quang Bình, Vietnam


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Firmina of Amelia

இன்றைய புனிதர் 


(நவம்பர் 24) 


✠ புனிதர் ஃபிர்மினா ✠

(St. Firmina) 


மறைசாட்சி: 


(Martyr) 


பிறப்பு: ---- 


இறப்பு: கி.பி. மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டு 


ஏற்கும் சமயம்: 


ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church) 


முக்கிய திருத்தலம்: 


அமெலியா பேராலயம்

(Amelia Cathedral) 


நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 24 


பாதுகாவல்: 


அமெலியா (Amelia), இத்தாலி (Italy), சிவிடவெச்சியா Civitavecchia



புனிதர் ஃபிர்மினா, இத்தாலியின் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க புனிதரும், கன்னியரும், மறைசாட்சியுமாவார்.



மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்ததாக கூறப்படும் இவர், “டயக்லேஷியன்” (Diocletian) எனும் ரோமப் பேரரசனின் (Roman emperor) காலத்தில் துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார். ஆனால் அவரைப் பற்றிய அனைத்து தகவல்களும் 6வது நூற்றாண்டுக்கு முன்பே எழுதப்பட்ட ஒரு வரலாற்றுக் குறிப்பிலிருந்து வந்திருக்கின்றன. பின்னர் சில நேரங்களில் முரண்பாடான விவரங்களுடன் வாய்வழி பாரம்பரியம் இதைப் பயன்படுத்துகிறது.



ஃபிர்மினா ஒரு உயர் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பெண்ணாவார். அவரது தந்தை “கல்பர்னியஸ்” (Calpurnius) ரோம அரசின் ஒரு உயர் அதிகாரியாவார். “ஒலிம்பியாடிஸ்” (Olympiadis) எனும் ஒரு ரோம உயர் அதிகாரி, ஃபிர்மினாவை அடைய முயற்ச்சித்தார். ஆனால், ஃபிர்மினா அவரை கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்திற்கு மனம் மாற வைத்தார். இதன் காரணமாக, பிறகு “ஒலிம்பியாடிஸ்” மறைசாட்சியாக கொல்லப்பட்டார்.



பின்னர், மத்திய இத்தாலியின் பிராந்தியமான “நார்தும்ப்ரியா” (Umbria) எனுமிடத்தினருகேயுள்ள “அமேலியா” (Amelia) எனும் நகரில் தனிமையில் செப வாழ்வு வாழ ஃபிர்மினா சென்றார். அங்கே, அவர் “டயக்லேஷியனால்” (Diocletian) துன்புறுத்தப்பட்டு கொலை செய்யப்பட்டு புதைக்கப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

Fermina



Profile

Maiden martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.


Born

Roman citizen


Died

tortured to death c.303 at Amelia, Umbria, Italy


Patronage

• Amelia, Italy

• Civitavecchia, Italy

• Terni-Narni-Amelia, Italy, diocese of



Blessed Balsamus of Cava


Also known as

• Belsamus of Cava

• Balsam of...


Profile

Benedictine monk. Abbot of Cava, Italy from 1208 to 1232.


Died

24 November 1232 at Cava, Italy of natural causes


Beatified

16 May 1928 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmed)




Saint Phêrô Võ Ðang Khoa


Also known as

• Peter Choa

• Peter Khoa


Profile

Priest. Worked with bishop Saint Peter Dumoulin. Martyr.


Born

c.1790 in Thuan Nghia, Nghe An, Vietnam


Died

strangled to death on 24 November 1838 in Ðong Hoi, Quang Bính, Vietnam


Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II



Blessed Conrad of Frisach


Also known as

Konrad


Profile

Doctor at the university of Bologna, Italy. Dominican, received into the Order by Saint Dominic himself. Missionary to Germany. Died while singing the Psalm, Cantate Domino canticum novum (Sing a new song unto the Lord).


Died

1239 in Magdeburg, Germany of natural causes



Blessed Archangel of Anspagh


Profile

Franciscan friar and confessor known for his zeal for the faith and his simple, ascetic life.


Born

15th century Anspagh, Austria


Died

1496 in Camerino, Italy of natural causes



Saint Crescentian of Rome


Also known as

Crescentianus


Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Maxentius.


Died

• tortured to death on the rack in 309 at Rome, Italy

• relics re-enshrined in the 9th century



Saint Hitto of Saint-Gall


Also known as

Hatto, Hildo


Profile

Born to the Swabian nobility in the 10th century; brother of Saint Wiborada of Gall. Priest. Provost of Saint Magnus church. Monk at Saint-Gall, Switzerland.



Saint Marinus of Maurienne


Profile

Benedictine monk at Maurienne in Savoy (part of modern France). Hermit near Chandor Abbey. Martyred by Saracens.


Born

Italy


Died

731 at Chandor Abbey



Saint Felicissimus of Perugia


Profile

Martyred under Diocletian.


Died

c.303 in Perugia, Italy




Saint Leopardinus of Vivaris


Profile

Seventh century monk and abbot of the monastery of Saint Symphorian in Vivaris, province of Berry, France.



Saint Alexander of Corinth


Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Julian the Apostate.


Died

martyred in 361 in Corinth, Greece



Martyred in the Spanish Civil War


Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:


• Blessed Antonia Gosens Sáez De Ibarra

• Blessed Cándida Cayuso González

• Blessed Clara Ezcurra Urrutia

• Blessed Concepción Rodríguez Fernández

• Blessed Daría Campillo Paniagua

• Blessed Erundina Colino Vega

• Blessed Feliciana de Uribe Orbe

• Blessed Félix Alonso Muñiz

• Blessed Francisco Borrás Román

• Blessed Justa Maiza Goicoechea

• Blessed María Concepción Odriozola Zabalía

• Blessed María Consuelo Cuñado González

• Blessed Niceta Plaja Xifra

• Blessed Paula Isla Alonso

22 November 2021

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 23

  Saint Columbanus

துறவி கொலும்பான் Kolumban




பிறப்பு 


542, 


லைன்ஸ்டர் Leinster, அயர்லாந்து


இறப்பு 


23 நவம்பர் 615, 


போபியோ Bobbio, இத்தாலி


பாதுகாவல்: அயர்லாந்து, போப்பியோ, தீய ஆவியிடமிருந்து





இவர் தன் வயதில் துறவற மடத்தில் சேர்ந்து துறவு வாழ்வை மேற்கொண்டார். 560 ஆம் ஆண்டில் பாங்கோர் (Bangor) என்ற நகரில் துறவற சபை ஒன்றை நிறுவினார். பின்னர் இச்சபையை கொலும்பான் சிறந்த முறையில் வளர்த்தெடுத்தார். ஏறக்குறைய 30 ஆண்டுகள் இவர் பல்வேறு துறையில் பணியாற்றினார். நீண்ட காலம் ஆசிரியராகவும் இருந்தார். இவர் 590 ஆம் ஆண்டு தன்னுடன் 30 ஆண் துறவிகளை அழைத்துக்கொண்டு பாங்கோர் விட்டு வெளியேறி இங்கிலாந்திற்கு சென்றார். அங்கு போர்களில் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட மக்களுக்கென்று மீண்டும் துறவற சபை ஒன்றை நிறுவினார். 




இங்கிலாந்தில் புதிய சபைக்காக துன்பங்கள் பலவற்றை சுமந்தார். இருப்பினும் மனந்தளராமல் சிறந்த மறையுரையை ஆற்றி, பல இளைஞர்களை இறைவன்பால் ஈர்த்தார். அதன்பிறகு லுக்செயுல் (Luxeuil) என்ற இடத்தில் பல இளைஞர்களைக் கொண்டு மீண்டுமோர் துறவற சபையை தொடங்கினார். இவர் தான் சென்ற இடமெல்லாம் அந்நகரின் கலாச்சாரத்திற்கேற்றவாறு துறவற சபைகளின் ஒழுங்குகளை அமைத்துக்கொடுத்தார். மிக குறைந்த ஆண்டுகள் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான இளைஞர்கள் இவரின் சபையில் சேர்ந்து இறைப்பணியாற்றினர். 






இவர் தொடங்கிய சபைகள் நன்கு வளர்ச்சியடைந்தபின் புனித பெனடிக்ட் துறவற  ஒழுங்குகளை தான் தொடங்கிய அனைத்து சபைகளிலும் கடைபிடித்து வாழ வழிவகுத்துக் கொடுத்தார். தான் நிறுவிய துறவற சபைகளுக்காக கொலும்பான் அயராது உழைத்தார். அதன்பிறகு 613 ஆம் ஆண்டு நோயால் தாக்கப்பட்டார். இருப்பினும் தன் உடல் நோயைப்பற்றி கவலை கொள்ளாமல் ஜெர்மனியிலுள்ள போடன் சே (Boden See) வந்தடைந்தார். அங்கு சில காலம் மறைப்பணியாற்றியபின் தன்னுடன் அவரின் சபை சகோதரர் ஒருவரை அழைத்துக்கொண்டு இத்தாலி நாட்டிற்கு சென்று போபியோவில் மீண்டும் சபையை தொடங்கினார். இத்துறவற சபையே இவர் நிறுவிய கடைசி சபையானது. ஏறக்குறைய இரண்டு ஆண்டுகள் அங்கு வாழ்ந்தபின் காலமானார். மறைநூல்களையும் பண்டைய இலக்கியங்களையும் கற்றுத்தேர்ந்த இவர் தான் நிறுவிய சபைகளை இறைவனின் மகிமைக்காக அயராது உழைத்து உயர்த்தினார். கிறிஸ்துவ வாழ்விக்கும், துறவற வாழ்வுக்கும் மிகவும் பாராட்டபெற்றவராய் திகழ்ந்தார். 

Also known as 

• Columbanus of Luxeuil

• Columbanus of Bobbio

• Columba of...

• Columban of...



Additional Memorial

24 November (Benedictines and Ireland)


Profile

Well-born, handsome and educated, Columbanus was torn between a desire for God and easy access to the pleasures of the world. Acting on advice of a holy anchoress, he decided to withdraw from the world. His family opposed the choice, his mother going so far as to block the door. Monk at Lough Erne. He studied Scripture extensively, and wrote a commentary on the Psalms. Monk at Bangor under abbot Saint Comgall.


In middle age, Columbanus felt a call to missionary life. With twelve companions (Saint Attala, Columbanus the Younger, Cummain, Domgal, Eogain, Eunan, Saint Gall, Gurgano, Libran, Lua, Sigisbert and Waldoleno) he travelled to Scotland, England, and then to France in 585. The area, though nominally Christian, had fallen far from the faith, but were ready for missionaries, and they had some success. They were warmly greeted at the court of Gontram, and king of Burgundy invited the band to stay. They chose the half-ruined Roman fortress of Annegray in the Vosges Mountains for their new home with Columbanus as their abbot.


The simple lives and obvious holiness of the group drew disciples to join them, and the sick to be healed by their prayers. Columbanus, to find solitude for prayer, often lived for long periods in a cave seven miles from the monastery, using a messenger to stay in touch with his brothers. When the number of new monks over-crowded the old fortress, King Gontram gave them the old castle of Luxeuil to found a new house in 590. Soon after, a third house was founded at Fontaines. Columbanus served as master of them all, and wrote a Rule for them; it incorporated many Celtic practices, was approved by the Council of Macon in 627, but was superseded by the Benedictine.


Problems arose early in the 7th century. Many Frankish bishops objected to a foreign missionary with so much influence, to the Celtic practices he brought, especially those related to Easter, and his independence from them. In 602 he was summoned to appear before them for judgment; instead of appearing, he sent a letter advising them to hold more synods, and to concern themselves with more important things than which rite he used to celebrate Easter. The dispute over Easter continued to years, with Columbanus appealing to multiple popes for help, but was only settled with Columbanus abandoned the Celtic calender when he moved to Italy.


In addition to his problems with the bishops, Columbanus spoke out against vice and corruption in the royal household and court, which was in the midst of a series of complex power grabs. Brunehault stirred up the bishops and nobilty against the abbot; Thierry ordered him to conform to the local ways, and shut up. Columbanus refused, and was briefly imprisoned at Besançon, but he escaped and returned to Luxeuil. Thierry and Brunehault sent an armed force to force him and his foreign monks back to Ireland. As soon as his ship set sail, a storm drove them back to shore; the captain took it as a sign, and set the monks free.


They made their way to King Clothaire at Soissons, Neustria and then the court of King Theodebert of Austrasia in 611. He travelled to Metz, France, then Mainz, Germany, Suevi, Alamanni, and finally Lake Zurich. Their evangelization work there was unsuccessful, and the group passed on to Arbon, then Bregenz, and then Lake Constance. Saint Gall, who knew the local language best, took the lead in this region; many were converted to the faith, and the group founded a new monastery as their home and base. However, a year later political upheaval caused Columbanus to cross the Alps into Italy, arriving in Milan in 612. The Christian royal family treated him well, and he preached and wrote against Arianism and Nestorianism. In gratitude, the Lombard king gave him a tract of land call Bobbio between Milan and Genoa in Italy. There he rebuilt a half-ruined church of Saint Peter, and around it he founded an abbey that was to be the source for evangelization throughout northern Italy for centuries to come.


Columbanus always enjoyed being in the forests and caves, and as he walked through the woods, birds and squirrels would ride on his shoulders. Toward the end of his life came word that his old enemies were dead, and his brothers wanted him to come back north, but he declined. Knowing that his time was almost done, he retired to a cave for solitude, and died as he had predicted. His influence continued for centuries as those he converted handed on the faith, the brothers he taught evanglized untold numbers more, and his brother monks founded over one hundred monasteries to protect learning and spread the faith.


Miracles ascribed to Columbanus include -


• to obtain food for a sick brother monk, he cured the wife of the donor


• once when he was surrounded by wolves, he simply walked through them


• at one point he needed a cave for his solitary prayers; a bear lived there; when Columbanus asked, the bear left


• when he needed water in order to live in the cave, a spring appeared nearby


• when the Luxeuil Abbey granary ran empty, Columbanus prayed over it and it refilled


• he multiplied bread and beer for his community


• he cured several sick monks, who then got straight out of bed to reap the monastery's harvest


• gave sight to a blind man at Orleans


• he destroyed a vat of beer being prepared for a pagan festival by breathing on it


• when the monastery needed help in the fields, he tamed a bear, and yoked it to a plough


Born

543 at West Leinster, Ireland


Died

• 21 November 615 in a cave at Bobbio, Italy of natural causes

• interred at the abbey church of Bobbio

• miracles reported at his tomb

• relics re-interred in a new altar there in 1482

• altar and shrine were refurbished and the relics re-interred in the early 20th century


Patronage

• against floods

• Bobbio, Italy

• Missionary Society of Saint Columban

• motorcyclists




Pope Saint Clement I

✠ புனித முதலாம் கிளமெண்ட் ✠

( St. Clement I )

4ஆம் திருத்தந்தை :

(4th Pope)

பிறப்பு : கி. பி. முதலாம் நூற்றாண்டு

உரோமை, உரோமைப் பேரரசு

இறப்பு : மரபுப்படி 99 அல்லது 101

கெர்சொனேசுஸ் டாவுரிக்கா (இன்றைய கிரிமேயா, உக்ரேய்ன்)

புனித முதலாம் கிளமெண்ட், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையால் நான்காம் திருத்தந்தையாகக் கருதப்படுகிறார். இவரை "ரோம் நகர் புனித கிளமெண்ட்" என்று அழைப்பதும் உண்டு. இவர் தொடக்க காலத் திருச்சபையின் தலைசிறந்த இறையியல் வல்லுநராய் இருப்பதால் "முதல் திருத்தூதுத் தந்தை" (Frist Apostolic Father) என்றும் அறியப்படுகிறார்.

முதலாம் கிளமெண்டின் வாழ்க்கை பற்றி அதிக விவரங்கள் தெரியவில்லை. கிளமெண்டு புனித பேதுருவிடமிருந்து திருப்பொழிவு பெற்றார்; முதல் நூற்றாண்டின் கடைசிப் பகுதியில் ரோமத் திருச்சபையின் தலைவர்களுள் ஒருவராகத் திகழ்ந்தார்.

தொடக்க காலத் திருச்சபை எழுத்தாளர்கள் பொதுவாக கிளமெண்டைப் புனித பேதுருவுக்குப் பின் மூன்றாம் அல்லது நான்காம் திருத்தந்தையாக வரிசைப்படுத்துகின்றனர். தெர்த்துல்லியன் கருத்துப்படி, கிளமெண்டு புனித பேதுருவுக்குப் பின் திருத்தந்தையாகப் பொறுபேற்றார். இக்குழப்பநிலை நிலவுவதற்கு ஒரு முக்கிய காரணம் முதல் நூற்றாண்டில் ஆயர் பதவி துல்லியமாக வரையறுக்கப்பட்டு, ஒரு மறைமாவட்டத்துக்கு ஒருவரே ஆயராக இருக்க முடியும் என்ற கருத்து தெளிவாக எழாததுதான்.

திருத்தந்தை முதலாம் கிளமெண்டின் எழுத்துப் படைப்பாக இன்று உள்ளது அவர் கொரிந்தியருக்கு எழுதிய மடல் ஆகும். அது சுமார் 96ல் எழுதப்பட்டது. புதிய ஏற்பாட்டைத் தவிர்த்து, தொடக்க காலத்தில் உருவான எழுத்துப் படையல்களுள் இதுவே மிக்க பழமையானது ஆகும். கொரிந்து திருச்சபைத் தலைவர்கள் சிலருக்கிடையே ஏற்பட்ட விவாதத்தைத் தொடர்ந்து அவர்களுள் சிலர் பதவி நீக்கப்பட்டனர். இச்சிக்கல் குறித்துத் தீர்ப்பு வழங்குவதாக கிளமெண்டின் மடல் உள்ளது. திருச்சபையில் "ஆயர்கள்" "திருத்தொண்டர்கள்" என்னும் திருப்பணியாளர்கள் திருத்தூதர்களால் நியமிக்கப்பட்டவர்கள் ஆதலால் அதிகாரம் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்கள் என்று கிளமெண்ட் எடுத்துக் கூறினார்.

கிளமெண்டின் கடிதம் திருச்சபைகளில் புதிய ஏற்பாட்டுக் கடிதங்கள் போலவே வாசிக்கப்பட்டது. ஆயர்கள் (மூப்பர்கள்) திருச்சபையில் திருத்தூதர்களிடமிருந்து வரும் அதிகாரத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளனர் என்று வலியுறுத்திய முதல் வல்லுநர் கிளமெண்ட் தான்.

கிளமெண்ட் இரண்டாம் கடிதம் ஒன்றினையும் எழுதினார் என்றொரு மரபு உண்டு. ஆயினும் அண்மைக்கால அறிஞர்கள், அக்கடிதத்தை எழுதியவர் வேறொருவர் என்று கருதுகின்றனர்.

நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டின் அளவில் தொடங்கிய ஒரு மரபின்படி, கிளமெண்ட் ட்ரேஜன் மன்னன் காலத்தில் தம் கிறித்த நம்பிக்கையை முன்னிட்டுச் சிறையில் அடைக்கப்பட்டார். அங்கும் அவர் பிற சிறைக்கைதிகளுக்குக் கிறிஸ்துவின் செய்தியை அறிவித்தார். பின்னர் அவரை ஒரு நங்கூரத்தில் கட்டி கடலில் ஆழ்த்திக் கொன்றுவிட்டார்கள்.

பல கிறிஸ்தவ சபைகள் கிளமெண்டைப் புனிதராகப் போற்றுகின்றன. ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை, லூதரன் சபை, மற்றும் ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சபை அவரது விழாவை நவம்பர் 23ஆம் நாளும், கீழை மரபுவழித் திருச்சபைகள் சில நவம்பர் 24, வேறு சில நவம்பர் 25 ஆகிய நாள்களில் கொண்டாடுகின்றன.

புனித பவுல் பிலிப்பியருக்கு எழுதிய திருமுகத்தில் "கிளமந்து" என்னும் ஓர் உடனுழைப்பாளர் பற்றிப் பேசுகிறார் (பிலிப்பியர் 4:3). அவர் திருத்தந்தை கிளமெண்டாக இருக்கலாம் என்று கி.பி. 3 மற்றும் நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டு ஆசிரியர்கள் கருதுகிறார்கள். அவர்களுள் ஒரிஜென், யூசேபியஸ், ஜெரோம் போன்றோர் அடங்குவர்.

"திருத்தந்தையர் நூல்" (Liber Pontificalis) என்னும் பண்டைக்கால நூலின்படி, கிளமெண்ட் பேதுருவை அறிந்திருந்தார். கிரேக்க நாட்டில் ட்ரேஜன் மன்னனின் ஆட்சிக்கால மூன்றாம் ஆண்டில் (அதாவது கி.பி. 101இல்) இறந்தார்.

Also known as

• Clement of Rome

• Clemens Romanus





Profile

Convert, brought to Christianity either by Saint Peter or by Saint Paul. One of the Seventy Apostles. Consecrated as a bishop by Saint Peter the Apostle. Mentioned in Philippians 4:3. Fourth Pope. Apostolic Father. The Basilica of Saint Clement in Rome, Italy, one of the earliest parish churches in the city, is probably built on the site of Clement's home. Author of the Epistle to the Corinthians. His name occurs in the Canon of the Mass. Origen and Saint Jerome identify him as working with Saint Paul the Apostle. Martyred in the persecutions of Trajan.


Born

Rome, Italy


Papal Ascension

c.88


Died

• martyred c.101

• relics in the basilica of Saint Clement


Patronage

• boatmen, mariners, sailors, watermen

• marble workers

• sick children

• stonecutters

• Aarhus, Denmark, diocese of

• Dundee, Scotland

• Steenwijk, Netherlands

• Velletri, Italy


Representation

• anchor (miraculously freed when cast into the sea with an anchor bound to him)

• drowning man

• kneeling before an altar




Blessed Miguel Agustín Pro


Profile

Son of a mining engineer. From childhood he was known for high spirits and cheerfulness, and he grew up in a pious home. Born to privilege, he had great affinity for the poor and working classes. Victim of recurring stomach disorder. Jesuit novice at 20. Exiled during the Mexican Revolution, he continued his studies abroad.



Ordained in Belgium in 1925 at age 36, he returned to Mexico in 1926, a time when churches were closed, priests were in hiding, and persecution of the Church was government policy. Father Miguel used disguises to conduct an underground ministry, bringing the comfort of charity and the sacraments to the covert faithful.


Falsely accused in 1927 of a bombing attempt, Pro became a wanted man, was betrayed to the police, and without trial, he was sentenced to death. The photograph on this page was taken the day of his martyrdom. As he was about to be shot, he forgave his executioners, refused a blindfold, and died shouting "Long live Christ the King!" The government prohibited a public funeral, but the faithful lined the streets when his body passed.


Born

13 January 1891 at Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Mexico


Died

shot by firing squad on 23 November 1927 in Mexico City, Mexico


Beatified

25 September 1988 by Pope John Paul II




Blessed Enrichetta Alfieri


Also known as

• Sister Maria Angela

• Henrietta Alfieri

• prisoner 3209

• Mother of San Vittore

• Angel of San Vittore

• La Mamma di San Vittore



Profile

From childhood Enrichetta felt a call to religious life, and joined the Sisters of Charity of Saint Joan Antida Thouret on 20 December 1911. She worked as a kindergarten teacher in Vercelli, Italy, but was forced to quit when she developed Pott's disease, a form of tuberculosis of the spine, in 1917. On 25 February 1923 she was miraculously cured by a pilgrimage to Lourdes, France through the intercession of Mary Immaculate.


She recovered so completely that on 24 May 1923 Sisters Maria Angela was assigned to prison ministry at San Vittore Prison in Milan, Italy. Her work with the prisoners was a great success, and she became known as the Mother and Angel of San Vittore, and was named the superior of the Sisters there in 1939.


She was there when it became an SS headquarters and prison for Jews, priests, nuns and resistance workers who were fighting the Axis powers of World War II. She and the Sisters helped them by smuggling in supplies, smuggling out messages and working with Church authorities to intervene for the prisoners, saving many in the process. On 23 September 1944 a message from a prisoner was intercepted that was director to Enrichetta, and she was arrested for spying and sentenced to death or imprisonment in Germany. Church officials, including Blessed Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster, Archbishop of Milan, intervened for her, and she was transferred to the Sisters' house in Brescia, Italy where she wrote a memoir of her imprisonment. On 7 May 1945, at the end of the war, she was re-assigned to the San Vittore where she administered to prisoners of war - including the former jailers.


Born

23 February 1891 in Borgo Vercelli, Vercelli, Italy


Died

23 November 1951 in Milan, Italy of natural causes


Beatified

26 June 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI



Blessed Margaret of Savoy


Also known as

Margarita, Margherita, Marguerite



Profile

Born to the nobility, daughter of Amadeo of Savoy, Lord of Piedmont and titular Prince of Achaea, and Catherine of Geneva. Married to Theodore Paleologus, marquis of Montferrat on 17 January 1403. Widowed in 1418. Declined a marriage offer from Philip, Visconti of Milan. Influenced by Saint Vincent Ferrer, she became a Dominican tertiary. In 1426 she founded a house at Alba, Liguria and served as its Prioress. In 1451, 25 years later, she received papal approval for the congregation from Pope Eugene IV. She was subject to visions and ecstasies, and was a reputed miracle worker. Her later years were spent under a cloud of controversy as her house faced false charges of doctrinal irregularities, and she charges of being overly strict with her nuns.


Born

21 June 1382 at Pignerol, Italy


Died

• 23 November 1464 at Alba, Piedmont, Italy of natural causes

• re-interred at her monastery in 1481


Beatified

9 October 1669 by Pope Clement IX (cultus confirmed)




Saint Felicity of Rome


Also known as

Felicitas



Profile

Rich, noble widow. Mother of seven sons, all of whom were martyred - Alexander, Vitalis, Martial, Januarius, Felix, Philip and Silvanus.


Felicity was devoted to charity and caring for the poor. She was arrested for her faith and ordered to worship pagan gods; she refused. Her sons were arrested and given the same order; they refused. After a series of appeals, all of which were turned down, they were all ordered executed by emperor Antoninus. Felicity was forced to watch as her children were murdered one by one; after each one she was given the chance to denouce her faith. Martyr.


Died

• beheaded in 165 at Rome, Italy

• buried in the cemetery of Maximus beside the Via Salaria, Rome

• relics in Capuchin church at Montefiascone, Tuscany, Italy


Patronage

• against the death of children

• against sterility

• martyrs

• to have male children

• widows

• Badia di Cava, Italy, Abbey of




Saint Trudo of Hesbaye


Also known as

• Apostle of Hasbein

• Tron, Trond, Trudjen, Trudon, Trutjen, Truyen


Profile

Son of Blessed Adela. Related to the dukes of Austrasia. Benedictine monk under Saint Remaclus. Studied at the cathedral at Metz, France. Ordained by Saint Clodulf of Metz. Noted preacher. Built a church on the land around his family's home c.656, and had it blessed by Saint Theodard of Liege in the names of Saint Quintinus and Saint Remigius of Rheims. Evangelized the throughout the area of Hasbein, and as the converts grew he was forced to build a monastery which was later named for him. Founded a convent near Bruges, Belgium c.660. The assorted movements of his relics have led to several local lists having different dates for his memorial.


Born

7th century in Hasbein (Hasbeye), Brabant province


Died

• c.695 of natural causes

• buried in the church of Saint Quintinus and Saint Remigius that he had built

• relics translated in 880

• relics later hidden to save them from Norman incursions, and lost

• relics re-discovered in 1169



Saint Clement of Metz


Profile

Bishop of Metz, France; tradition says he was sent there as a missionary by Saint Peter the Apostle.


Legend says that when Clement arrived in Metz, the area was besieged by the Graoully, a large, poison-breathed serpent that lived in a local Roman amphitheatre with an army of snakes. Clement chased away the snakes and banished the Graoully by making the Sign of the Cross at them. This led to the conversion of the whole town.



Representation

• with a dragon

• raising a girl (often dressed as a princess) from the dead (refers to converting a king by bringing his daughter back to life)

• with a stag kneeling at his feet (refers to a stag hiding from hunters by runnning to him for sanctuary which convinced the hunters of Clement's holiness and led to their conversion)



Saint Amphilocus of Iconium


Also known as

Amfilokius, Amphilochius, Anfiloquio, Anfilochio



Profile

Cousin and friend of Saint Gregory Nazianus; close friend of Saint Basil the Great. Studied law and rhetoric in Constantinople, and taught rhetoic there. Bishop of Iconium (modern Konya, Turkey) in 374. Fought against heresies of Arianism, the Manichaeans and the Messalians. Attended the Council of Constantinople in 381. Presided over the synod in Sida, Pamphylia in 394. He wrote poetry in classical Greek, and his letters to Gregory and Basil have survived to today.


Born

339 in Cappadocia, Asia Minor (in modern Turkey)


Died

400 of natural causes



Saint Loëvan of Brittany


Also known as

Laouénan, Louénan, Lavan


Additional Memorials

• 23 January (in Brittany)

• 2nd Sunday in July (procession in Tréflaouénan, France)


Profile

Monk and then abbot of the monastery of Saint Tudwals of Tréguier in Brittany (in modern France) c.528 to c.564 from where he evangalized the region.


Born

early 6th century Britain


Died

• c.564 of natural causes

• relics enshrined in Tréflaouénan, France until the 16th century

• it became the custom to swear oaths involving credit and debt on the relics of Saint Loëvan


Patronage

Tréflaouénan, France



Saint Alexander Newski


Also known as

• Alexander Nevski

• Alexander Nevsky



Additional Memorials

• 30 August (translation of relics)

• 23 May (Russian Orthodox as one of the saints of Rostov and Yaroslavl)


Profile

Grand Duke of Novgorod and Kiev. He defeated the Swedes in battle on the River Neva; from that he derived his surname of Newski (Nevski). Defended his land against invading Tatars. Confessor of the faith.


Born

1219 in Vladimir, Russia


Died

• 1263 in Gorodetz, Russia

• relics at Saint Petersburg, Russia



Saint Cecilia Yu Sosa


Also known as

• Caecilia Yu So-Sa

• Jechillia Yu So-Sa



Additional Memorial

20 September as one of the Marytrs of Korea


Profile

Married lay woman in the apostolic vicariate of Korea. Mother of Saint Paul Chong Hasang and Saint Jung Hye. Martyr.


Born

1761 in Seoul, South Korea


Died

23 November 1839 in Bo-jeong Prison, Seoul, South Korea of injuries following repeated whippings


Canonized

6 May 1984 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Falitrus of Chabris


Also known as

Faletrius, Faletrus, Falier, Falère, Phaletrius, Phalier, Phalitrus


Profile

Pilgrim from Limoges, France to Jerusalem. Monk at Issoudun, France. Hermit at Chabris, France.


Born

latter 5th century Gaul (in modern France)


Died

• 525 of natural causes

• his tomb became a pilgrimage site and a place of healing for sick children

• relics burned by Huguenots


Patronage

sick children



Blessed Detlev of Ratzeburg


Also known as

• Detlev of Parkentin

• Detlef of...


Profile

Born to the nobility. Premonstratensian canon. Canon of the Premonstratensian monastery in Ratzeburg (in modern Germany). Bishop of Ratzeburg. Lived as a simple friar, but was known for his charity.


Born

14th century Mecklenburg (in modern Germany)


Died

23 November 1419 of natural causes



Blessed Felícitas Cendoya Araquistain


Also known as

Sister María Cecilia


Profile

Member of the Visitation Nuns. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.


Born

10 January 1910 in Azpeitia, Guipúzcoa, Spain


Died

23 November 1936 in Madrid, Spain


Beatified

10 May 1998 by Pope John Paul II



Saint Gregory of Girgenti


Also known as

Gregory of Agrigentum


Profile

Bishop of Girgenti, Italy. Wrote a commentary on the book of Ecclesiastes, which has survived, and was a noted Bible teacher, explaining the Scriptures in a plain way to plain people.


Born

Girgenti, Sicily, Italy


Died

c.638 of natural causes



Saint Adalbert of Casauria


Also known as

Adalbert of Monte Caramanico


Profile

Benedictine monk at Cassoria, Abruzzi, Italy. Worked for a while with Saint Guy of Casauria. Retired to live as a hermit on Mount Caramanico where he eventually founded the abbey of Saint Nicholas.


Died

c.1045 of natural causes



Saint Mustiola of Chiusi


Profile

Cousin of Emperor Claudius. Martyred with Saint Irenaeus of Chiusi for ministering to Christian prisoners, and burying martyrs.


Died

273 at Chiusi, Tuscany, Italy


Patronage

Chiusi, Italy




Saint Paulinus of Whitland


Also known as

• Paulinus of Wales

• Paulhen, Pewlin, Polin


Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Illtyd. Monk. Founded the monastery of Whitland in Wales and served as its abbot. Spritual teacher of Saint David of Wales and Saint Teilo of Llandaff.


Died

c.505



Saint Rachildis of Saint-Gall


Also known as

Richildis


Profile

Benedictine anchoress who lived walled up in a cell near Saint Wiborada, under obedience to the abbot of Saint Gall in Switzerland.


Died

c.946 of natural causes



Saint Sisinius of Cyzicus


Also known as

Sisinnio, Sisinio


Profile

Bishop. Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.


Died

stabbed with a sword in Cyzicus in the Hellespont in the early 4th century



Saint Lucretia of Mérida


Also known as

Lucrezia


Profile

Consecrated virgin. Martyred in a period of imperial Roman persecution.


Died

306 in Mérida, Spain



Saint Wilfetrudis of Nivelles


Profile

Niece of Saint Gertrude of Nivelles. Abbess of the abbey in Nivelles, Belgium.


Died

c.670



Saint Paternian of Fano


Profile

Fled into the mountains for a period to escape the persecutions of Diocletian. Bishop of Fano, Italy.


Died

c.343



Saint Severin of Paris


Also known as

Severino, Severinus


Profile

Sixth-century hermit who lived in a cell in Paris, France.



Blessed Guy of Casauria


Profile

Benedictine monk at Farfa. Abbot of Casauria, Italy.


Died

1045



Saint Faustina of Alexandria


Profile

Martyr.


Died

Alexandria, Egypt



Saint Augusta of Alexandria


Profile

Martyr.


Died

Alexandria, Egypt