இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 17

 St. Valentine and Dubatatius

Feastday: November 17

Were executed for their faith at Carthage. Sts. Valentine and Dubatatius feast day is November 17th.

St. Dionysius the Great of Alexandria

Feastday: November 17

Birth: 190

Death: 265

Image of St. Dionysius the Great of AlexandriaDIONYSIUS of Alexandria, Born in 190 A.D. as Dionysius the Great, I was Archbishop of Alexandria. I died in 265 A.D., 17 Nov.

This article is about the Bishop and Pope of Alexandria. For the topographical poet (sometimes known as Dionysius of Alexandria), see Dionysius Periegetes.

Dionysius the Great (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας) was the 14th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria from 28 December 248 until his death on 22 March 264. Most information known about him comes from his large surviving correspondence. Only one original letter survives to this day; the remaining letters are excerpted in the works of Eusebius.

Called "the Great" by Eusebius, Basil of Caesarea and others, he was characterized by the Catholic Encyclopedia as "undoubtedly, after St. Cyprian, the most eminent bishop of the third century... like St. Cyprian, less a great theologian than a great administrator."[3]

Early life

Dionysius was born to a wealthy polytheistic family sometime in the late 2nd, or early 3rd century. He spent most of his life reading books and carefully studying the traditions of polytheists. He converted to Christianity at a mature age and discussed his conversion experience with Philemon, a presbyter of Pope Sixtus II.[3] Dionysius converted to Christianity when he received a vision sent from God; in it he was commanded to vigorously study the heresies facing the Church so that he could refute them through doctrinal study. After his conversion, he joined the Catechetical School of Alexandria and was a student of Origen and Pope Heraclas. He eventually became leader of the school and presbyter of the church, succeeding Pope Heraclas in 231. Later he became Pope of the church of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark in 248 after the death of Pope Heraclas.[3]

Dionysius was more an able administrator than a great theologian.[3] Information on his work as Bishop of Alexandria is found in Dionysius' correspondence with other bishops and clergymen of the third century Catholic Church. Dionysius’ correspondences included interpretations on the Gospel of Luke, the Gospel of John and the Book of Revelation.

During 249, a major persecution was carried out in Alexandria by a polytheist mob, and hundreds were assaulted, stoned, burned or cut down on account of their refusal to deny their faith. Dionysius managed to survive this persecution and the civil war that followed. In January 250 the new emperor Decius issued a decree of legal persecution. Out of fear many Christians denied their faith by offering a token polytheist sacrifice, while others attempted to obtain false documents affirming their sacrifice. Others who refused to sacrifice faced public ridicule and shame among their family and friends, and, if found by the authorities, brutal torture and execution. Many fled from the city into the desert, where most succumbed to exposure, hunger, thirst, or attacks by bandits or wild animals.[4]

Dionysius himself was pursued by the prefect Aurelius Appius Sabinus, who had sent out an assassin to murder him on sight. Dionysius spent three days in hiding before departing on the fourth night of the Decian decree with his servants and other loyal brethren. After a brush with a group of soldiers, he managed to escape with two of his followers, and set up a residence in the Libyan desert until the end of the persecution the following year.[4]

He supported Pope Cornelius in the controversy of 251, arising when Novatian, a learned presbyter of the Church at Rome, set up a schismatic church with a rigorist position on the readmittance of Christians who had apostasized during the persecution. In opposition to Novatian's teaching, Dionysius ordered that the Eucharist should be refused to no one who asked it at the hour of death, even those who had previously lapsed.[5]

In 252 an outbreak of plague ravaged Alexandria, and Dionysius, along with other priests and deacons, took it upon themselves to assist the sick and dying.[4]

The persecutions subsided somewhat under Trebonianus Gallus, but were renewed under Valerian who replaced Gallus. Dionysius was imprisoned and then exiled. When Gallienus, took over the empire he released all the believers who were in prison and brought back those in exile. Gallienus wrote to Dionysius and the bishops a letter to assure their safety in opening the churches.[6]

During the debate with Pope Stephen and Cyprian, Dionysius supported the position of the Roman Bishop but he still supported the autonomy of the African churches.[7]

Legacy

Basil of Caesarea writes to Pope Damasus I about aid sent by Dionysius, to the church at Caesarea. This correspondence is cited by Pope Pius IX in his encyclical Praedecessores Nostros (On Aid For Ireland) of 25 March 1847

Saint Gregory Thaumaturgus

Also known as

• Gregory of Neo Caesarea

• Gregory of Neocaesarea

• Gregory of Pontus

• Gregory the Wonder Worker

• The Wonder Worker

• Theodorus

Profile

Born to a wealthy and distinguished pagan family. Trained in law and rhetoric in his youth. Brother-in-law to the Roman governor of Palestine. His father died when Theodore was age 14. The boy had originally planned to study at the law school in Beirut, but when he arrived at Caesarea with his brother-in-law's entourage, he encountered Origen, head of the catechetical school in Alexandria, Egypt. He and his brother Athenodorus each gave up the idea of law school, became students of Origen, and converted to Christianity; Theodore changed his name to Gregory. Studied philosophy and theology for seven years under Origen. Returned to Pontus c.238.

Bishop of Caesarea, a diocese with only 17 Christians when he arrived. Gregory converted most of his bishopric; tradition says there were only 17 pagans left at the time of his death. Instituted the celebration of martyrs, teachings about the saints, and celebration of saint feast days as a way to interest pagans in the Church. During the Decian persecutions c.250, he and his flock fled into the desert. Worked among the sick when the plague struck soon after, and with refugees during the invasion of Pontus by the Goths in 252. Attended the First Council of Antioch in 264 and 265. Opposed the heresies of Sabellianism and Tritheism. Used his legal training to help his parishioners, and settle disputes between them without taking their problems to the civil courts controlled by pagans. Oversaw the council that chose Saint Alexander the Charcoal Burner as the first bishop of Comana. Saint Macrina the Elder heard Gregory preach many times in her youth, and passed his wisdom onto her grandsons Saint Basil the Great and Saint Gregory of Nyssa. Noted theological writer.

As you might expect from some one surnamed the Wonder Worker, there were many miraculous events in Gregory's life.

• Saint Gregory of Nyssa writes that the Wonder-Worker was the first person known to receive a vision of the Theotokus. The Virgin and Saint John the Baptist appeared to him in a vision, and gave him what became a statement of doctrine on the Trinity.

• Gregory had the power of healing by laying on of his hands. Often the healing was so powerful that the patient was cured of his illness, and became a fervent convert on the spot.

• During the construction of a church for his growing flock, the builders ran into a problem with a huge buried boulder. Gregory ordered the rock to move out of the way of his church; it did.

• In order to stop the River Lycus from its frequent and damaging floods, Gregory planted his staff at a safe point near the river bank. He then prayed that the river would never rise past the staff. The staff took root, grew into a large tree, and the river never flooded past it again. This act led to his patronage against floods and flooding.

• Two local pagans, hearing that Gregory was a soft touch for money, decided to con the bishop. One lay beside the road where Gregory was travelling, and pretended to be dead. The other stopped the bishop, pleaded poverty, and asked for money to bury his dead friend. Gregory had no money with him, so he took off his cloak and threw it over the "dead" man, telling the "live" one to sell the cloak and use the funds. When Gregory had moved on, the "live" con-man found that his friend had died.

• Two brothers in Gregory's diocese had inherited a piece of land that contained a lake. Unable to decide how to divide the lake, the two settled on armed combat to settle the matter. On the night before the battle, Gregory prayed for a peaceful solution to the matter. The next morning the brothers found that the lake had dried up leaving easily dividable farm land.

• During Gregory's time in the desert during the Decian persecutions, an informer told the authorities where to find the bishop. Guards went to the site, but found nothing but two trees standing in isolation in the desert. The informer went back to the place and found that what the soldiers had seen as trees were actually Gregory and a deacon in prayer. This convinced the informer of the reality of Gregory's God, and he converted.

• When returning from the wilderness, Gregory had to seek shelter from a sudden and violent storm. The only structure nearby was a pagan temple. Gregory made the sign of the cross to purify the place, then spent the night there in prayer, waiting out the storm. The next morning, the pagan priest arrived to receive his morning oracles. The demons who had been masquerading as pagan gods advised him that they could not stay in the purified temple or near the holy man. The priest threatened to summon the anti-Christian authorities to arrest Gregory. The bishop wrote out a note reading "Gregory to Satan: Enter". With this "permission slip" in hand, the pagan priest was able to summon his demons again.

• The same pagan priest, realizing that his gods unquestioningly obeyed Gregory's single God, found the bishop and asked how it was done. Gregory taught the priest the truth of Christianity. Lacking faith, the priest asked for a sign of God's power. Gregory ordered a large rock to move from one place to another; it did. The priest immediately abandoned his old life, and eventually became a deacon under bishop Gregory. This ordering about of boulders led to Gregory's patronage against earthquakes.

Born

c.213 at Pontus, Asia Minor (in modern Turkey) as Theodorus

Died

• c.270 at Pontus, Asia Minor (in modern Turkey) of natural causes

• remains translated to Calabria, Italy

Patronage

• against earthquakes

• against floods

• desperate, forgotten, impossible or lost causes

Representation

• bishop driving demons out of a temple

• presenting a bishop's mitre to Saint Alexander the Charcoal Burner

Writings

• Metaphrase of the Book Of Ecclesiastes

• Sectional Confession of Faith

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary

 ஹங்கேரியின் புனிதர் எலிசபெத் 

கைம்பெண்/ மறைபணியாளர்:

(Widow and religious)

பிறப்பு: ஜூலை 7, 1207

போஸ்ஸோனி, ஹங்கேரி அரசு

(Pozsony, Kingdom of Hungary)

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 17, 1231 (வயது 24)

மார்பர்க், புனித ரோம பேரரசு, (தற்போதைய ஜெர்மனி)

(Marburg, Holy Roman Empire (Modern-day, Germany)

சார்ந்துள்ள சமயம்/ சபை: 

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

(Anglican Church)

லூதரன் திருச்சபை

(Lutheran Church)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: மே 27, 1235

திருத்தந்தை ஒன்பதாம் கிரகோரி

(Pope Gregory IX)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 17

பாதுகாவல்: 

மருத்துவமனைகள், செவிலியர், விதவையர், நாடு கடத்தும் தண்டனை, மணப்பெண், ரொட்டி தயாரிப்பாளர், வீடற்ற மக்கள், இறக்கும் குழந்தைகள், கைம்பெண்கள், சரிகை-தயாரிப்பாளர்கள், தூய ஃபிரான்சிஸின் மூன்றாம் நிலை சபை (Third Order of Saint Francis)

ஹங்கேரியின் புனிதர் எலிசபெத், "துரிங்கியாவின் புனிதர் எலிசபெத்" (Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia) என்றும் அறியப்படுபவர் ஆவார். “ஹங்கேரி அரசு” (Kingdom of Hungary), “துரிங்கியா” (Thuringia) மற்றும் “ஜெர்மனி” (Germany) ஆகிய நாடுகளின் இளவரசியான இவர், பெரிதும் போற்றப்படும் கத்தோலிக்க புனிதர் ஆவார். புனிதர் ஃபிரான்ஸிஸின் மூன்றாம் நிலை சபையின் (Third Order of St. Francis) ஆதிகால அங்கத்தினரான எலிசபெத், அச்சபையின் பாதுகாவலரும் ஆவார்.

ஹங்கேரி நாட்டின் அரசன் “இரண்டாம் ஆண்ட்ரூ” (King Andrew II of Hungary) இவரது தந்தை ஆவார். “மெரனியாவின் கேட்ரூ” (Gertrude of Merania) எலிசபெத்தின் தாயாராவர்.

தமது பதினான்கு வயதில் குறுநில மன்னரான “நான்காம் லூயிஸை” (Louis IV) திருமணம் செய்த எலிசபெத், இருபது வயதில் விதவையும் ஆனார். ஆறாவது சிலுவைப்போரில் (Sixth Crusade) பங்கேற்பதற்காக இத்தாலி பயணித்த லூயிஸ், வழியில் விஷக் காய்ச்சலால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டு 1227ம் ஆண்டு, செப்டம்பர் மாதம், 11ம் நாள், மரணமடைந்தார். தமது கணவரின் மரணத்தின் பின்னர், தமக்கான வரதட்சினை பணத்தை திரும்ப பெற்றுக்கொண்ட இவர், அந்த பணத்தில் ஓர் மருத்துவமனையை கட்டினார். தாமே சுயமாக நோயாளிகளுக்கு சேவை செய்ய ஆரம்பித்தார்.

ஓய்வு, ஆடம்பரம் மற்றும் சொகுசான வாழ்க்கை வாழ இயன்ற போதும், எலிசபெத் தவம் மற்றும் சந்நியாச வாழ்க்கையையே தேர்ந்தெடுத்தார். இவரது இந்த தேர்வு, ஐரோப்பா முழுவதுமுள்ள சாதாரண பொது மக்கள் இதயத்தில் அவருக்கு ஒரு இடத்தை பெற்றுத் தந்தது. 

எலிசபெத், தமது குறுகிய கால வாழ்க்கையிலேயே, ஏழைகள் மற்றும் நோயுற்றோர் மீது அளவற்ற அன்பினை வெளிப்படுத்தினார்.

எலிசபெத்துக்கு வயது ஆக ஆக, பக்தியும் வளர்ந்து கொண்டிருந்தது. 1228ல், ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையில் சேர்ந்தார். ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபை துறவிகளின் வழிகாட்டுதலின் பேரில், செப வாழ்வில் ஈடுபட்டார். ஏழைகளுக்கும் வறியவர்களுக்கும் உதவ தொடங்கினார். தினமும் தன் வாசலுக்கு வந்த நூற்றுக்கணக்கான ஏழைகளுக்கு உணவளித்தார். இதனால் அநேகர் இவருக்கு எதிரிகள் ஆயினர். இவருடைய கணவரது சகோதரி அக்னேஸ் இவரை முழு மூச்சுடன் வெறுத்தாள். அவளுடைய தாய் மிகுந்த உலகப் பற்றுக் கொண்டவள். அவளும் இவரை வெறுத்து அரண்மனையில் இருந்தவர்களுடன் சேர்ந்துகொண்டு எலிசபெத்தை நிந்தித்து வந்தார்கள். அவரை அரண்மனையிலிருந்தே துரத்தினார்கள்.

இவர் தமது உள்ளத்தை கடவுளிடமிருந்து அகற்றவில்லை. ஏழைகள் மீது இவர் எல்லையற்ற இரக்கம் கொண்டிருந்தார். "ஏழைகளின் அன்னை" என்றும் "நோயாளிகளின் ஊழியக்காரி" என்றும் இவரை அழைப்பார்கள். உலக மக்களின் அபிப்பிராயங்களை இவர் சட்டை செய்யவில்லை. தனக்கு இயல்பாய் உள்ள பொறுப்புகளை மேற்கொண்டு ஏழைகளிடமும் நோயாளிகளிடமும் கிறிஸ்து இயேசுவையே கண்டு அவர்களுக்கு சேவை செய்து வந்தார்.

நாட்டில் பெருவெள்ளம் வந்து பயிரை அளித்தது. இதனால் பஞ்சமும் கொள்ளை நோயும் வந்தன. ஒரு மருத்துவமனையைக் கட்டி அங்குபோய் தொழு நோயாளிகளுக்கு இவரே சிகிச்சை செய்தார். அப்பமும் இரசமும் இவரது மன்றாட்டால் பலுகியது. ஏழைகளுக்கு உதவி செய்ய அரச ஆடைகளையும், ஆபரணங்களையும் விற்றார். 

இவருடைய கணவரின் சகோதர்கள் அரண்மனையைக் கைப்பற்றிக் கொண்டு இவரை விரட்டி விட்டனர். இவர் பிரான்சிஸ்கன் துறவிகளின் ஆலயத்திற்குச் சென்று, இந்த துன்பத்திற்காக கடவுளுக்கு நன்றி செலுத்தி "தேதேயும்" என்னும் நன்றியறிதல் கீதத்தைப் பாடினார்.

தமது இருபத்துநான்கு வயதில் மரணமடைந்த எலிசபெத், கிறிஸ்தவ தொண்டிற்கு ஒரு அடையாளமாக ஆனார். தமது மரணத்தின் பின், விரைவில் புனிதராக அருட்பொழிவும் செய்யப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

• Elizabeth of Thuringia

• Elisabeth of...

Profile

Princess, the daughter of King Andrew of Hungary. Great-aunt of Saint Elizabeth of Portugal. She married Prince Louis of Thuringa at age 13. Built a hospital at the foot of the mountain on which her castle stood; tended to the sick herself. Her family and courtiers opposed this, but she insisted she could only follow Christ's teachings, not theirs. Once when she was taking food to the poor and sick, Prince Louis stopped her and looked under her mantle to see what she was carrying; the food had been miraculously changed to roses. Upon the death of Louis, Elizabeth sold all that she had, and worked to support her four children. Her gifts of bread to the poor, and of a large gift of grain to a famine stricken Germany, led to her patronage of bakers and related fields.

Born

1207 at Presburg, Hungary

Died

• 1231 at Marburg, Germany of natural causes

• her relics, including her skull wearing a gold crown she had worn in life, are preserved at the convent of Saint Elizabeth in Vienna, Austria

Canonized

27 May 1235 by Pope Gregory IX at Perugia, Italy

Patronage

• against in-law problems • against the death of children • against toothache • bakers • beggars • brides • charitable societies • charitable workers • charities • countesses • exiles • falsely accused people • hoboes • homeless people • hospitals • lacemakers • lace workers • nursing homes • nursing services • people ridiculed for their piety • tertiaries • tramps • widows • Sisters of Mercy • Teutonic Knights • diocese of Erfurt, Germany • archdiocese of Jaro, Philippines • Jalzabet, Croatia

Representation

• woman wearing a crown and tending to beggars • woman wearing a crown, carrying a load of roses in her apron or mantle

Saint Hugh of Lincoln

Also known as

• Hugh of Avalon

• Hugh of Burgundy

Profile

Born to the nobility, the son of William, Lord of Avalon. His mother Anna died when he was eight, and he was raised and educated at a convent at Villard-Benoit in France. Monk at 15. Deacon at 19. Prior of a monastery at Saint-Maxim. Joined the Carthusians in 1160. Ordained in 1165. In 1175 he became abbot of the first English Carthusian monastery, which was built by King Henry II as part of his penance for the murder of Thomas Becket.

His reputation for holiness spread through England, and attracted many to the monastery. He admonished Henry for keeping dioceses vacant in order to keep their income for the throne. He resisted the appointment, but was made bishop of Lincoln on 21 September 1181. Restored clerical discipline in his see. Rebuilt the Lincoln cathedral, destroyed by earthquake in 1185.

Hugh denounced the mass persecution of Jews in England in 1190-91, repeatedly facing down armed mobs, making them release their victims. Diplomat to France for King John in 1199, a trip that ruined his health. While attending a national council in London a few months later, he was stricken with an unnamed ailment, and died two months later.

Born

1135 at Avalon Castle, Burgundy, France

Died

• 16 November 1200 at London, England of natural causes

• buried in the Lincoln Cathedral

Canonized

• 18 February 1220 by Pope Honorius III

• first canonized Carthusian

Patronage

• sick children

• sick people

• swans

Representation

• angel protecting him from lightning

• bearded bishop giving a blessing

• Carthusian surrounded by seven stars

• Carthusian with a swan

• chalice

• bishop with a swan

• swan; there is a story of him being befriended by a swan which would guard Hugh when he slept

• helping to build the Lincoln Cathedral

• man with a swan at his death bed

• raising a dead child to life

Saint Florinus of Remüs

Also known as

• Florinus of Chur

• Florinus of Finsgowe

• Florinus of Matsch

• Florinus of Mazia

• Florinus of Ramosch

• Florinus of Val Venosta

• Florinus of Vinschgau

• Florinus of Vnuost

• Florin, Florian

Additional Memorials

• 7 August (translation of relics to Chur, Switzerland)

• 18 December (translation of relics to the Trier, Germany)

Profile

Legend says that his father was a Saxon, his mother a Jew who converted to Christianity; the two met while they were both on pilgrimage to Rome, Italy, they married, and then settled in the Val Venosta in the Italian Tyrol region. Educated by Father Alexander at the parish of Saint Peter in Remüs (modern Ramosch), Switzerland; previous minister's there include Saint Othmar of Saint Gall. Ordained in Unterengadin, Switzerland, he served as the parish priest at Saint Peter's in Remüs, living like a hermit and caring for the poor. Miracle worker who turned water to wine which he then gave away to the poor.

Born

late 8th century Val Venosta, Italy

Died

• c.856 at Remüs (modern Ramosch), Switzerland of natural causes

• buried in the graveyard of the parish of Saint Peter in Remüs

• some relics enshrined in Koblenz, Germany in 950

• some relics enshrined in Regensburg, Germany

Representation

• book

• chunk of limestone

• wine jug, pitcher, bottle or pot (referring to the miracle of turning water to wine)

Patronage

• Chur, Switzerland, diocese of

• Vaduz, Liechtenstein, diocese of

• Lower Engadine, Switzerland

• Val Venosta, Italy

Saint Hilda of Whitby

Also known as

Hild of Whitby

Profile

Daughter of Hereric and Breguswith. Sister of Saint Hereswitha. Grand-niece of King Saint Edwin of Northumbria. Baptized in 627 at age thirteen by Saint Paulinus of York. Lived as a single lay woman until age 33 when she became a Benedictine nun at the monastery of Chelles in France. Abbess at Hartepool, Northumberland, England. Abbess of the double monastery of Whitby, Streaneshalch. Abbess to Saint Wilfrid of York, Saint John of Beverley, and three other bishops. Patroness and supporter of learning and culture, including the work of the poet Caedmon.

Hilda and her houses followed the Celtic liturgy and rule, but many houses had adopted the continental Benedictine rule, and the Roman liturgy. Hilda convened a conference in 664 to help settle one a single rule. When the conference settled on the Roman and Benedictine, they were adopted throughout England, and Hilda insured the observance of her houses.

Born

614 at Northumbria, England

Died

680 of natural causes

Representation

• being carried to heaven by the angels

• holding Whitby abbey in her hands with a crown on her head or at her feet

• stopping wild birds from stealing a corn crop

• turning serpents into stone

Saint Aignan of Orléans

Also known as

Agnan, Anian, Anianus

Profile

Born to the nobility, his parents were Hungarians who had fled to the Dauphine area of modern France to escape Arian persecutions. Lived as a hermit in a cave. Spiritual student of Saint Evurtius of Orléans. Priest. Monk. Abbot of the Saint Laurence Abbey in Orléans, France. Bishop of Orléans. Organized the defense of Orléans during the invasion of Attila the Hun, met with Attila and prevented him attacking the city in 451.

Born

358 at Vienne, France

Died

• 453 of natural causes

• in the 10th-century King Robert built a church in Orléans, France in Aignan's honour, and his relics were enshrined in it

• relics destroyed by Calvinists in the 16th century

Patronage

Diocese of Orléans, France

Representation

praying on the walls of Orléans, France with an army in the field near the city

Blessed Yosafat Kotsylovskyi

Also known as

• Josaphat Kocylovskyj

• Josaphat Kotsylovsky

Additional Memorial

27 June as one of the Martyrs Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe

Profile

Greek Catholic. Studied theology in Rome, graduating in 1907. Ordained on 9 October 1907. Vice-rector and professor of theology at the Stanislaviv, Ukraine seminary. Entered the Basilian novitiate on 2 October 1911. Bishop of Premeshyl, Poland on 23 September 1917. Imprisoned for his faith by Polish authorities in September 1945. Died in prison. One of the Martyrs Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe.

Born

3 March 1876 at Pakoshivka, Lemkiv District, Ukraine

Died

martyred on 17 November 1947 in prison in Kiev, Ukraine

Beatified

27 June 2001 by Pope John Paul II in Ukraine

Blessed Salomea of Galicia

அருளாளர்_சலோமியா (1211-1268)

நவம்பர் 17

இவர் (#Bl_Salomea_Of_Poland) போலந்து நாட்டைச் சார்ந்தவர். இவரது தந்தை போலந்தை ஆண்ட லஸ்ஜெக் என்பவர் ஆவார்.

ஒருசில அரசியல் காரணங்களுக்காக இவருக்கு மூன்றாம் வயதிலேயே அங்கேரி நாட்டு இளவரசரோடு மண ஒப்பந்தம் நடைபெற்று, ஏழாம் வயதில் திருமணம் நடைபெற்றது.

திருமணத்திற்கு பிறகு இவர் தனது கன்னிமையை கடவுளுக்கு ஒப்புக் கொடுத்து வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். 1245 ஆம் ஆண்டு இவரது கணவர் ஒரு போரில் இறந்துவிட, இவர் புனித கிளாரா சபையில் சேர்ந்து துறவியானார்.

துறவியான ஒரு சில ஆண்டுகளிலேயே இவருடைய எடுத்துக்காட்டாக வாழ்க்கையால் ஜவிசோஸ்ட் என்ற இடத்தில் இருந்த துறவுமடத்தின் தலைவியாக உயர்த்தப்பட்டார்.

இவ்வாறு இல்லறத்தில் தூய்மையாகவும், துறவறத்தில் எடுத்துக்காட்டாகவும் வாழ்ந்த இவர், 1268 ஆம் ஆண்டு இறையடி சேர்ந்தார். இவருக்கு 1673 ஆம் ஆண்டு திருத்தந்தை பத்தாம் கிளமெண்ட்டால் புனிதர் பட்டம் கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.

Also known as

• Salomea of Poland

• Salomea of Polonia

• Salome...

Profile

Born to the nobility. Married in her youth to Colomon, a prince of Hungary. Widowed, Salomea followed a call to religious life; she became a Franciscan Poor Clare nun, founded a monastery, and eventually serving as its abbess.

Born

13th century Galicia (in modern Poland)

Died

• 17 November 1268 near Cracow, Poland of natural causes

• relics enshrined in Cracow

Beatified

1673 by Pope Clement X (cultus confirmation)

Saint Gregory of Tours

Also known as

George Florentius

Profile

Born to the Gallic nobility; great-nephew of Saint Eustadius. Friend of Saint Magnericus and Saint Senoch. While on pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Martin of Tours, his obvious piety led to his being chosen bishop of Tours, France in 573, taking the name Gregory on his ordination. An excellent bishop for 20 years; Pope Saint Gregory the Great thought highly of him. Historian and writer; his works are our best historical source for the Merovingian period.

Born

540 at Auvergne, France as George Florentius

Died

594 of natural causes

Saint Juan del Castillo Rodríguez

Profile

Jesuit priest. One of the Jesuit Martyrs of Paraguay.

Born

14 September 1595 in Belmonte, Cuenca, Spain

Died

stoned to death on 17 November 1628 in Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay (in modern Brazil)

Canonized

16 May 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Patronage

native traditions

Saint Giacinto Ansalone

Also known as

• Giordano Ansaloni

• Giordano of Saint Stephen

• Hyacinth Jordan Ansalone

Profile

Dominican priest. Studying in Palermo, Italy and Salamanca, Spain. Missionary to Mexico, the Philippines and Japan. As he travelled, he wrote a book on the lives of Dominican saints. Martyr.

Born

1 November 1598 in San Stefano Quisquina, Agrigento, Italy

Died

17 November 1634 in Nishizaka, Nagasaki, Japan

Canonized

18 October 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Patronage

Santo Stefano Quisquina, Italy

Saint Lazarus Zographos

Also known as

• Lazarus the Painter

• Lazarus of Constantinople

• Lazzaro...

Profile

Monk at Constantinople. Skilled painter of icons. Opposed the Iconoclasts under emperor Theophilus. He defended sacred images, and restored those that were defaced by Iconoclasts. For his work he was arrested and tortured. When the Iconoclasts fell from power, Lazarus was released and given a prominent place in the new regime, eventually becoming ambassador to Rome.

Died

867 of natural causes

Name Meaning

the painter = zographos

Saint Acisclus

Also known as

Aciscle, Acisclo, Ascylus, Iscle, Ocysellus

Profile

Brother of Saint Victoria of Cordoba. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian. After their deaths, their home was turned into a church. They have an office in the Mozabic Liturgy, and devotion to them is widespread throughout Spain and France.

Born

at Cordoba, Spain

Died

beheaded in 304

Patronage

Cordoba, Spain

Representation

• with Saint Victoria

• wearing a crown of roses

Blessed Sébastien-Loup Hunot

Profile

Priest in the Archdiocese of Sens, France. Imprisoned on a ship in the harbor of Rochefort, France and left to die during the anti-Catholic persecutions of the French Revolution. One of the Martyrs of the Hulks of Rochefort.

Born

7 August 1745 in Brienon-l'Archevêque, Yonne, France

Died

17 November 1794 aboard the prison ship Washington, in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France

Beatified

1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Victoria of Cordoba

Profile

Sister of Saint Acisclus. Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian. After their deaths, their home was turned into a church. They have an office in the Mozabic Liturgy, and devotion to them is widespread throughout Spain and France.

Born

at Cordoba, Spain

Died

shot with arrows in 304

Representation

• crowned with roses

• in the company of Saint Acisclus

Patronage

Cordoba, Spain

Saint Thomas Hioji Nishi Rokuzaemon

Also known as

Father Thomas of Saint Hyacinth

Profile

Dominican missionary priest, first Formosa and then Japan. Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Tokugawa Yemitsu.

Born

1590 in Hirado, Nagasaki, Japan

Died

17 November 1634 in Nishizaka, Nagasaki, Japan

Canonized

18 October 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Hugh of Novara

Also known as

• Hugo of Nucaria

• Hugo of Noaria

• Ugo, Hugh

Additional Memorial

16 August in Novara, Sicily

Profile

Cistercian Benedictine monk. Spiritual student of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Served as first abbot at the abbey in Novara, Sicily.

Born

French

Died

c.1170 of natural causes

Patronage

Bovara, Sicily

Saint Eugene of Florence

Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Ambrose of Milan. Deacon in Florence, Italy, working with Saint Zenobius of Florence.

Died

422

Saint Namasius of Vienne

Also known as

Naamat, Namaise, Namacio, Namat, Namatius

Profile

Bishop of Vienne, France.

Died

c.599

Saint Zacchaeus of Palestine

Profile

Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

beheaded c.302 in Palestine

Saint Alphaeus of Palestine

Profile

Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

beheaded c.302 in Palestine

 

Martyred in the Spanish Civil War

Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:

• Blessed Eusebio Roldán Vielva

• Blessed Josefa Gironés Arteta

• Blessed Lorenza Díaz Bolaños

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 16

 St. Hugh of Lincoln

Born c. 1135–1140

Avalon, Dauphiné,

Holy Roman Empire

Died 16 November 1200

(aged 60-65)

London, England

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Anglican Communion

Canonized 17 February 1220 by Pope Honorius III

Major shrine St Mary's Cathedral

Lincoln, England Parkminster Charterhouse

West Sussex

Feast 16 November (Catholic Church)

17 November (Church of England)

Attributes a white swan

Patronage sick children, sick people, shoemakers and swans

Image of St. Hugh of LincolnAs a Carthusian monk of the Grande Chartreuse, near Grenoble, France, Hugh observed the rule of his order with exceptional fidelity. He also manifested a touching affection for the squirrels and birds that frequented the small garden adjoining his monastic cell. Hugh was subsequently sent to England to govern a new Carthusian monastery at Witham. In 1186 he was chosen to become bishop of the English diocese of Lincoln. He showed himself a faithful pastor while continuing the deep spiritual life he had developed as a Carthusian. Every Saturday, he went to confession and celebrated a votive Mass in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was fastidious in the faithful celebration of the Divine Office, immediately leaving whatever he was doing when the time came to begin the office. On one occasion when a fellow bishop wanted to hurry the celebration of Mass in order to be on time for a meeting with the English king, Hugh insisted upon celebrating it in the usual manner, with the accustomed chanting. He told the other bishop: "We must do homage first to the King of kings. No secular employment can dispense us from what we owe to him."

Not to be confused with Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln.

Hugh of Lincoln (c. 1135–1140 – 16 November 1200), also known as Hugh of Avalon, was a French-born Benedictine and Carthusian monk, bishop of Lincoln in the Kingdom of England, and Catholic saint. His feast is observed by Catholics on 16 November and by Anglicans on 17 November.

Life

Hugh was born at the château of Avalon,[1] at the border of the Dauphiné with Savoy, the son of Guillaume, seigneur of Avalon. His mother Anne de Theys died when he was eight, and because his father was a soldier, he went to a boarding school for his education.[2] Guillaume retired from the world to the Augustinian monastery of Villard-Benoît, near Grenoble, and took his son Hugh, with him.[3]

At the age of fifteen, Hugh became a religious novice and was ordained a deacon at the age of nineteen. About 1159, he was sent to be prior of the nearby monastery at Saint-Maximin, presumably already a priest. From that community, he left the Benedictine Order and entered the Grande Chartreuse,[1] then at the height of its reputation for the rigid austerity of its rules and the earnest piety of its members. There he rose to become procurator of his new Order, in which office he served until he was sent in 1179 to become prior of the Witham Charterhouse in Somerset, the first Carthusian house in England.[1]

Henry II of England, as part of his penance for the murder of Thomas Becket, in lieu of going on crusade as he had promised in his first remorse, had established a Carthusian charterhouse sometime before, which was settled by monks brought from the Grande Chartreuse. There were difficulties in advancing the building works, however, and the first prior was retired and a second soon died. It was by the special request of the English king that Hugh, whose fame had reached him through one of the nobles of Maurienne, was made prior.[3]

Hugh found the monks in dire straits, living in log huts and with no plans yet advanced for the more permanent monastery building. Hugh interceded with the king for royal patronage and at last, probably on 6 January 1182, Henry issued a charter of foundation and endowment for Witham Charterhouse. His first attention was given to the building of the Charterhouse. He prepared his plans and submitted them for royal approbation, exacting full compensation from the king for any tenants on the royal estate who would have to be evicted to make room for the building.[3] Hugh presided over the new house till 1186 and attracted many to the community. Among the frequent visitors was King Henry, for the charterhouse lay near the borders of the king's chase in Selwood Forest, a favourite hunting ground. Hugh admonished Henry for keeping dioceses vacant in order to keep their income for the royal chancellery.

In May 1186, Henry summoned a council of bishops and barons at Eynsham Abbey to deliberate on the state of the Church and the filling of vacant bishoprics, including Lincoln. On 25 May 1186 the cathedral chapter of Lincoln was ordered to elect a new bishop and Hugh was elected.[1] Hugh insisted on a second, private election by the canons, securely in their chapterhouse at Lincoln rather than in the king's chapel. His election was confirmed by the result.

Hugh was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln on 21 September 1186[4] at Westminster.[1] Almost immediately he established his independence of the King, excommunicating a royal forester and refusing to seat one of Henry's courtly nominees as a prebendary of Lincoln; he softened the king's anger by his diplomatic address and tactful charm. After the excommunications, he came upon the king hunting and was greeted with dour silence. He waited several minutes and the king called for a needle to sew up a leather bandage on his finger. Eventually Hugh said, with gentle mockery, "How much you remind me of your cousins of Falaise" (where William I's unmarried mother Herleva, a tanner's daughter, had come from). At this Henry just burst out laughing and was reconciled. As a bishop, he was exemplary, constantly in residence or travelling within his diocese, generous with his charity, and scrupulous in the appointments he made. He raised the quality of education at the cathedral school. Hugh was also prominent in trying to protect the Jews, great numbers of whom lived in Lincoln, in the persecution they suffered at the beginning of Richard I's reign, and he put down popular violence against them – as later occurred following the death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln – in several places.

A plan of Lincoln Cathedral drawn by G Dehio (died 1932)

Lincoln Cathedral had been badly damaged by an earthquake in 1185, and Hugh set about rebuilding and greatly enlarging it in the new Gothic style; however, he only lived to see the choir well begun. In 1194, he expanded the St Mary Magdalen's Church, Oxford. Along with Bishop Herbert of Salisbury, Hugh resisted the king's demand for 300 knights for a year's service in his French wars; the entire revenue of both men's offices was then seized by royal agents.[5]

As one of the premier bishops of the Kingdom of England Hugh more than once accepted the role of diplomat to France for Richard and then for King John in 1199, a trip that ruined his health. He consecrated St Giles' Church, Oxford, in 1200. There is a cross consisting of interlaced circles cut into the western column of the tower that is believed to commemorate this. Also in commemoration of the consecration, St Giles' Fair was established and continues to this day each September.[6] While attending a national council in London, a few months later, he was stricken with an unnamed ailment and died two months later on 16 November 1200.[4] He was buried in Lincoln Cathedral.

Bishop Hugh was responsible for the building of the first (wooden) Bishop's Palace at Buckden in Huntingdonshire, halfway between Lincoln and London. Later additions to the Palace were more substantial and a tall brick tower was added in 1475, protected by walls and a moat, and surrounded by an outer bailey. It was used by the bishops until 1842. The Palace, now known as Buckden Towers, is owned by the Claretians and is used as a retreat and conference centre. A Catholic church, dedicated to St Hugh, is located on the site.

Veneration

Tour d'Avalon, Saint-Maximin, Isère, marking St Hugh's birthplace

Hugh was canonised by Pope Honorius III on 17 February 1220,[1] and is the patron saint of sick children, sick people, shoemakers and swans. Hugh is honoured in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival[7] and in the Episcopal Church (USA) on 17 November.

Hugh's Vita, or written life, was composed by his chaplain Adam of Eynsham, a Benedictine monk and his constant associate; it remains in manuscript form in the Bodleian Library in Oxford.

Hugh is the eponym of St Hugh's College, Oxford, where a 1926 statue of the saint stands on the stairs of the Howard Piper Library. In his right hand, he holds an effigy of Lincoln Cathedral, and his left hand rests on the head of a swan.

At Avalon, a round tower in the Romantic Gothic style was built by the Carthusians in 1895 in Hugh's honour on the site of the castle where he was born.[8]

Iconography

Hugh's primary emblem is a white swan, in reference to the story of the swan of Stow, Lincolnshire (site of a palace of the bishops of Lincoln) which had a deep and lasting friendship with the saint, even guarding him while he slept. The swan would follow him about, and was his constant companion while he was at Lincoln. Hugh loved all the animals in the monastery gardens, especially a wild swan that would eat from his hand and follow him about, and yet the swan would attack anyone else who came near Hugh.[2]

Legacy

Both Buckden Towers, and the local Roman Catholic Church in nearby St Neots, are administered by the Claretians.[9] In Lincoln, there is the Roman Catholic St Hugh's Church. There are many parish churches dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln throughout England including the Church of St Hugh of Lincoln in Letchworth founded by Adrian Fortescue.

A number of churches are dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln in the United States, including: Episcopal Churches in Elgin, Illinois;[10] and Allyn, Washington;[11] St Hugh of Lincoln Roman Catholic Church, Huntington Station, New York[2] and St Hugh of Lincoln Roman Catholic Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,[12] St Hugh Roman Catholic Church and School in Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida.[13]

In 2018 St Hugh was made a subject of the BBC Radio 4 drama The Man who bit Mary Magdalene by Colin Bytheway, starring David Jason as the bishop in search of relics that would help in the construction of Lincoln Cathedral.

St. Rufinus

Feastday: November 16

Death: unknown

With Mark, Valerius, and companions, a group of African martyrs put to death a some time during the persecutions by the Roman Empire.

St. Joseph Moscati

Born 25 July 1880

Benevento, Italy

Died 12 April 1927 (aged 46)

Naples, Italy

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 16 November 1975, Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope Paul VI

Canonized 25 October 1987, Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II

Major shrine Gesù Nuovo Church, Naples, Italy

Feast 16 November

Attributes White coat

Stethoscope

Cross

Patronage Biochemistry

Bachelors

Doctors

Physicians

People rejected by Religious Orders[1

Celebrated physician of Naples, Italy, noted for medical research. Joseph gave his wages and skills to caring for the sick and the poor and was a model of piety and faith. He was beatified in 1975 and canonized in 1987.

Giuseppe Moscati (25 July 1880 – 12 April 1927) was an Italian doctor, scientific researcher, and university professor noted both for his pioneering work in biochemistry and for his piety.[2] Moscati was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1987; his feast day is 16 November

Plaque in memory of Giuseppe Moscati affixed to the building in which he lived in Naples

Moscati remained true to his faith his entire life, taking a vow of chastity and practicing charity in his daily work. He viewed his practice of medical science as a way of alleviating suffering, not as a way of making profits, and would retire regularly for prayer.[6] He also attended Mass daily, and would sometimes use a patient's faith, as well as the sacraments, in his treatments.[7] Moscati also refused to charge the poor for their treatment, and was known to sometimes send a patient home with a prescription and a 50-lira note in an envelope.[2]

It was claimed even before his death that Moscati was a miracle-worker; some said that he could accurately diagnose and prescribe for any patient merely by hearing a list of his symptoms, and that he was responsible for impossible cures.[7] Reports of his good works continued well after his death, with further reports that he interceded in impossible cases. Consequently, he was beatified by Pope Paul VI on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 November 1975.[8] Moscati was canonized on 25 October 1987, by Pope John Paul II. His canonization miracle involved the case of a young ironworker dying of leukemia. The young man's mother dreamed of a doctor wearing a white coat, whom she identified as Moscati when shown a photograph. Not long after this, her son went into remission and returned to work.[2]

Moscati was the first modern doctor to be canonized; his feast day is 16 November.

Saint Gertrude the Great

 புனிதர் மகா கெர்ட்ரூட் 

கன்னியர்/ ஆத்ம பலம் கொண்டவர்/ இறையியலாளர்:

(Virgin, Mystic, and Theologian)

பிறப்பு: ஜனவரி 6, 1256

எய்ஸ்ல்பென், துரிங்கியா, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு

(Eisleben, Thuringia, Holy Roman Empire)

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 1302

ஹெல்ஃப்டா, சேக்சொனி, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு

(Helfta, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 1677

திருத்தந்தை பன்னிரெண்டாம் கிளமென்ட்

(Pope Clement XII)

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 16

பாதுகாவல்: மேற்கிந்திய தீவுகள் (West Indies)

“புனிதர் மகா கெர்ட்ரூட்” (St. Gertrude the Great), ஒரு “ஜெர்மன் பெனடிக்டைன்” (German Benedictine) சபையின் அருட்கன்னியும், மறைபொருளாளரும், இறையியலாளருமாவார்.

இவரது ஆரம்ப கால வாழ்க்கையைப் பற்றி சிறிதளவே அறியப்படுகிறது. கி.பி. 1256ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், ஆறாம் நாள், தூய ரோமப் பேரரசின் கீழுள்ள “துரிங்கியாவின்” (Thuringia) “எய்ஸ்ல்பென்” (Eisleben) எனுமிடத்தில் பிறந்த இவர், தமது நான்கு வயதில் “தூய மரியாளின் துறவு மடத்தின்” (Monastery of St. Mary) பள்ளியில் சேர்ந்து கல்வி கற்றார். இத்துறவு மேடம், “பெனடிக்டைன்” அல்லது “சிஸ்டேர்ஸியன்” (Benedictine or Cistercian) என்று அறியப்படுகிறது. இவர் சிறு வயதிலேயே, தமது பக்தியுள்ள பெற்றோரால் ஆலயத்திற்கு நேர்ந்தளிக்கப்பட்டார் என்று யூகிக்கப்படுகிறது. இவரது குழந்தைப் பருவத்திலேயே இவரது பெற்றோர் மரித்துவிட்டதாயும், இவர் ஒரு அனாதையாகவே மடாலய பள்ளியில் சேர்ந்ததையும் அறிய முடிகிறது.

கி.பி. 1266ம் ஆண்டு, தமது பத்து வயதில் துறவற சமூகத்தில் இணைந்தார். அவர் பல்வேறு துறைகளில் முழுமையான கல்வி பெற்றார் என்பது அவரது எழுத்துக்களிலேயே தெளிவாகிறது. 

கி.பி. 1281ம் ஆண்டு, தமது இருபத்தைந்தாம் வயதில், முதன்முதலாக தொடர் திருக்காட்சிகளை கண்டார். அவரது வாழ்நாள் முழுதும் தொடர்ந்த இவை, அவரது வாழ்வின் போக்கையும் மாற்றியது. அவருடைய முன்னுரிமைகள் மதச்சார்பற்ற அறிவிலிருந்து விலகி, வேதாகமம் மற்றும் இறையியல் பற்றிய ஆய்வுக்கு மாறின. தனிப்பட்ட ஜெபம் மற்றும் தியானத்திற்கு தம்மை தீவிரமாக அர்ப்பணித்துக்கொண்ட கெர்ட்ரூட், தமது துறவற சகோதரியரின் நன்மைகளுக்காக, ஆன்மீக உபதேசங்கள் எழுத ஆரம்பித்தார். பதின்மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டின் பெரும் உள்ளுணர்வுவாதிகளில் ஒருவரானார்.

கி.பி. 1302ம் ஆண்டு, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசிலுள்ள, “எய்ஸ்ல்பென்” (Eisleben), “சேக்சொனி” (Saxony) அருகிலுள்ள “ஹெல்ஃப்டா” (Helfta) எனுமிடத்தில் கெர்ட்ரூட் மரித்தார். இவர் மரித்த சரியான தேதி பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இல்லை.

Also known as

• Gertrude of Helfta

• Gertrudis Helfta

• Gertud von Helfta

• Geltrude

• Gertrudis la Grande

• Gertrude Magna

Profile

We don't know who her parents were or what became of them, and she may have been an orphan. Gertrude was raised in the Benedictine abbey of Saint Mary of Helfta, Eisleben, Saxony from age five. An extremely bright and dedicated student, she excelled in literature and philosophy, and when she was old enough, became a Benedictine nun. At age 26, when she had become too enamored of philosophy, she received a vision of Christ who reproached her; from then on she studied the Bible and the works of the Church Fathers. Gertrude received other visions and mystical instruction, which formed the basis of her writings. She helped spread devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Her writings have been greatly praised by Saint Teresa and Saint Francis de Sales, and continue in print today.

Born

6 January 1256 at Eisleben, Thuringia (part of modern Germany)

Died

• on a Wednesday of Easter season, 17 November 1302 at the convent of Saint Mary's of Helfta, Saxony (part of modern Germany) of natural causes

• relics in the old monastery of Helfta

Canonized

received equipotent canonization, and a was universal feast day declared in 1677 by Pope Clement XII

Patronage

• nuns

• Magdeburg, Germany, diocese of

• Naples, Italy

• West Indies

Representation

• crown

• lily

• taper, candle

Saint Edmund Rich

Also known as

• Edmund of Abingdon

• Edmund of Canterbury

• Edme, Eadmund

Profile

Born to a wealthy and pious family, the son of Reinald and Mabel Rich; his father retired to become a monk, his two sisters became nuns. Studied at Oxford, England, and Paris, France. At Oxford he received a vision of the Child Christ. Priest. Professor of art, mathematics, philosophy and theology at Oxford. Known for his scholarship, piety, and skill as a preacher and writer. Canon of Salisbury, England in 1222. Preached the Sixth Crusade in England in 1227. Consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, England on 2 April 1234. Advisor to King Henry III. Presided over Henry's ratification of the Magna Carta in 1237. Assisted in his public dealings by Saint Richard of Chichester. Prevented civil war in Wales. His support for monastic discipline put him in conflict with his own order, King Henry III, and the papal legate. He died while on a trip to Rome to gain the support of the Pope.

Born

20 November 1175 at Abingdon, Berkshire, England

Died

• 16 November 1240 at Soissy, Burgundy, France of natural causes

• interred at Pontigny, France

• shrine behind the high altar in the Cistercian abbey at Pontigny

Canonized

1247 by Pope Innocent IV

Patronage

• Abingdon, England

• Portsmouth, England, diocese of

Representation

• archbishop making a vow before a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary

• embracing the Child Jesus

• placing a ring on the finger of a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary

• receiving a lamb from the Blessed Virgin Mary

• with Saint Richard of Chichester

• with Saint Thomas a Becket

Saint Margaret of Scotland

 ஸ்காட்லாந்து நாட்டின் புனிதர் மார்கரெட் 

(St. Margaret of Scotland)

ஸ்காட்லாந்து அரசி:

(Queen of Scotland)

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1045

ஹங்கேரி அரசு

(Kingdom of Hungary)

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 16, 1093 

எடின்பர்க், ஸ்காட்லாந்து அரசு

(Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Kingdom of Scotland)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்

(Anglican Communion)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: 1250

திருத்தந்தை நான்காம் இன்னொசென்ட்

(Pope Innocent IV)

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

டுன்ஃபெர்ம்லின் மடம், ஃபிஃப், ஸ்காட்லாந்து

(Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 16

பாதுகாவல்: 

ஸ்காட்லாந்து (Scotland), டுன்ஃபெர்ம்லின் (Dunfermline), ஃபிஃப் (Fife), ஷெட்லேண்ட் (Shetland), அரசியின் பயணப்படகு (The Queen's Ferry), ஆங்கிலோ-ஸ்காட்டிஷ் உறவுகள் (Anglo-Scottish relations)

ஸ்காட்லாந்து நாட்டின் புனிதர் மார்கரெட், “ஆங்கிலேய இளவரசர் எட்வர்ட்” (English prince Edward the Exile) மற்றும் “அகதா” (Agatha) ஆகியோரின் மகள் ஆவார். ஆங்கிலேய இளவரசியும் (English princess), ஸ்காட்டிஷ் அரசியுமான (Scottish queen) இவர், “ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் மார்கரெட்” (Margaret of Scotland) என்றும், “வெஸ்செக்ஸின்’ மார்கரெட்” (Margaret of Wessex) என்றும் அறியப்படுகிறார். சில சமயம், “ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் முத்து” (The Pearl of Scotland) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்.

ஹங்கேரி அரசில் பிறந்த இவரும் இவரது குடும்பத்தினரும் 1057ம் ஆண்டு, இங்கிலாந்து இராச்சியத்துக்குத் திரும்பினார்கள். மார்கரெட் 1057ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து தன் மாமாவின் கண்காணிப்பில் இங்கிலாந்தில் வளர்ந்தார். 1066ம் ஆண்டு “நார்மன்” இங்கிலாந்தை வெற்றி கொண்டதும், (Norman conquest of England) இவரின் 20ம் வயதில் ஸ்காட்லாந்திற்கு திரும்பிச் சென்றார். அங்கே, 1070ம் ஆண்டின் இறுதியில், ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் அரசர் 3ம் மால்கோம் (King Malcolm III of Scotland) என்பவரிடம் பழகி, பின்னர் அவரையே திருமணம் செய்து, ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் அரசியானார். அவருடைய கணவர், அவரை கிறிஸ்தவ மறையை தழுவக்கூடாது என்று கட்டளையிட்டார். ஆனால் அவர் தன் கணவரின் பேச்சை மறுத்து, மேலும் தன் கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்தில் வேரூன்றி இருந்தார்.

பக்தியுள்ள பெண்ணான அரசி, ஏழை மக்களின் வாழ்வில் அதிக அக்கறை கொண்டு வாழ்ந்தார். அவர்களுக்கு பலவிதங்களில் உதவினார். ஏழைகளை தன் இதயத்தில் சுமந்து உதவினார். தான் ஓர் அரசியாக இருந்தபோதும், துறவிகளைப் போலவே, ஏழ்மையான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்தார். தவறாமல் நோன்பிருந்து செபித்து பல நலன்களை பெற்றார். பலவிதங்களிலும் ஒறுத்தல் செய்து வாழ்ந்தார். அநேக தொண்டு பணிகளைச் செய்தார்.

இங்கிலாந்துக்கு எதிராக நடந்த ஒரு போரில் (Battle of Alnwick) கலந்துகொள்ள சென்ற இவரது கணவரான அரசர் “மூன்றாம் மால்கானு'ம்” (Malcolm III) அவரது இருபத்தியிரண்டே வயதான மூத்த மகன் “எட்வர்டும்” (Edward) 13 நவம்பர் 1093 அன்று கொல்லப்பட்டனர். ஐம்பது வயதுகூட பூர்த்தியாகாத மார்கரெட் ஏற்கனவே தொடர் நோன்பு மற்றும் ஒருத்தல்களினால் பலவீனமாக இருந்தார். தமது கணவரும் மூத்த மகனும் மரித்துப் போன செய்தியைக் செவியுற்ற அவர், மூன்றாம் நாளே (1093ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 16ம் நாள்) மரித்தார். 1250ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை “நான்காம் இன்னசன்ட்” (Pope Innocent IV) இவருக்கு புனிதர் பட்டம் வழங்கினார்.

Also known as

Margaret of Wessex

Additional Memorial

16 June in Scotland

Profile

Granddaughter of King Edmund Ironside of England. Great-niece of Saint Stephen of Hungary. Born in Hungary while her family was in exile due to the Danish invasion of England, she still spent much of her youth in the British Isles. While fleeing the invading army of William the Conqueror in 1066, her family's ship wrecked on the Scottish coast. They were assisted by King Malcolm III Canmore of Scotland, whom Margaret married in 1070. Queen of Scotland. They had eight children including Saint Maud, wife of Henry I, and Saint David of Scotland. Margaret founded abbeys and used her position to work for justice and improved conditions for the poor.

Born

c.1045 in Hungary

Died

• 16 November 1093 at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, four days after her husband and son died in defense of the castle

• buried in front of the high altar at Dunfermline, Scotland

• relics later removed to a nearby shrine

• the bulk of her relics were destroyed in stages during the Protestant Reformation and the French Revolution

Canonized

1251 by Pope Innocent IV

Patronage

• against the death of children

• for learning

• parents of large families

• queens

• widows

• Dunfermline, Scotland

• Scotland

Representation

queen dispensing gifts to the poor, often while carrying a black cross

Blessed Agnes of Assisi

அசிசி_நகர்ப்_புனித_ஆக்னஸ் (1197-1253)

நவம்பர் 15

அசிசி நகரைச் சார்ந்தவரான இவர் (#St_Agnes_Of_Assisi), புனித கிளாராவின் இளைய சகோதரி.

இவருக்குப் பதினைந்து வயது நடக்கும்போது, எல்லாவற்றையும் துறந்துவிட்டு தன் சகோதரியின் சபையில் சேர்ந்து, அவரைப் போன்று கற்பு, ஏழ்மை, கீழ்ப்படிதல் ஆகியவற்றைக் கடைப்பிடித்து வாழத் தொடங்கினார். 

இதற்கு இவருடைய உறவினர்களிடமிருந்தும் பெற்றோரிடமிருந்தும் கடுமையான எதிர்ப்பு வந்தது. ஆனாலும் இவர் தன்னுடைய முடிவில் மிக உறுதியாக இருந்ததால், அவர்களால் இவரை ஒன்றும் செய்ய முடியவில்லை.

இதற்குப் பிறகு 1219 ஆம் ஆண்டு, அசிசி நகர்ப் புனித பிரான்சிஸ் இவரை மோன்டிசெல்லி( Monticelli) எந்த இடத்தில் இருந்த துறவுமடத்தில்  தலைவியாக நியமித்தார். அங்கு இவர் தன்னுடைய எடுத்துக்காட்டான வாழ்வால் பலருக்கும் முன் மாதிரியாக இருந்தார்.

இவர் தன்னுடைய கடின உழைப்பால் வெனிஸ், பாதுவா ஆகிய இடங்களில் துறவு மடங்களை நிறுவி, கிறிஸ்துவைப் பற்றிய நற்செய்தி பல இடங்களிலும் பரவக் காரணமாக இருந்தார்.

மேலும் இவர் தன் சகோதரி கிளாராவின் கடைசிக் காலத்தில் அவரோடு இருந்து, அவருக்குப் பேருதவி செய்தார். அவர் இறந்த அடுத்த மூன்றாவது மாதத்தில், அதாவது 1253 ஆம் ஆண்டு நவம்பர் திங்கள் பதினாறாம் நாள் இவர்  இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.

Profile

Daughter of Count Favorino Scifi and Blessed Hortulana, she was raised in a series of castles in and around Assisi, Italy. Younger sister of Saint Clare of Assisi, and her first follower, leaving home two weeks after Clare to join the Benedictines at San Angelo di Panzo at age fifteen. The family tried to bring Agnes back by force, dragging her from the monastery, but her body became so heavy that several knights could not budge her. Her uncle Monaldo tried to beat her, but was temporarily paralyzed. The family then left Agnes and Clare in peace.

In 1221 a group of Benedictine nuns in Monticelli asked to become Poor Clares, and Saint Francis assigned Agnes as their abbess. Agnes wrote about how much she missed Clare and the other nuns at San Damiano, and after establishing other Poor Clare monasteries in northern Italy, Agnes was recalled in 1253 when Clare was dying. Agnes followed Clare in death three months later.

Born

1197 at Assisi, Italy

Died

• 16 November 1253 at the monastery of San Damiano of natural causes

• buried in the Santa Chiara church, Assisi, Italy

• miracles reported at her tomb

Beatified

1753 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmed)

Patronage

Poor Clares

Representation

• young Poor Clare nun holding a book

• with Saint Clare of Assisi

• being dragged by her hair from a convent

Saint Othmar of Saint Gall

Also known as

Audemar, Audomar, Otmar

Profile

Educated in the ancient provice Rhaetia, an area in modern Switzerland and Germany. Priest. Presided over a church of Saint Florinus in Rhaetia, probably the same church where Saint Florinus worked and was buried. Appointed abbot at Saint Gall, Switzerland in 720, and united the area monks into a monastery under the rule of Saint Columban. As abbot, he added a hospital and school, and changed the monastery's rule to Benedictine. Legend says that when Othmar fed the poor from a barrel of provisions, it never became empty, no matter how much he took from it.

In 759, Counts Warin and Ruodhart unjustly tried to gain possession of property belonging to the abbey. Othmar resisted, they imprisoned him at the castle of Bodmann, then on the island of Werd-on-the-Rhine where he died. His cultus spread soon after his death, and he is now one of the most popular saints in Switzerland.

Died

• 16 November 759 at Werd-on-the-Rhine, near Echnez, Switzerland

• body transferred to monastery of Saint Gall in 769

• body entombed in the church of Saint Othmar at Saint Gall in 867

Representation

Benedictine abbot holding a barrel in his hand

Saint Afan of Wales

Also known as

Avan, Avanus

Profile

Bishop. Nothing else is known about him for certain; various writers have made him a descendant of the 3rd century Cynedda Wledig, King of Britain, a cousin of 6th century Saint David of Wales, and the 10th century bishop Jeuan who was killed by Viking invaders, but no one today knows for sure.

The church dedicated to him at Lanafan Fawr, Powys, Wales was apparently a site of pilgrimages in times past, and site of at least one miracle. The English Lord Philip de Braose came to the area to hunt, and decided that the church was the best lodging for him and his dogs. When he woke at sunrise, his dogs had gone mad and he was blind. His sight was only restored by making his willingness to fight in the Crusades.

Died

entombed in the churchyard of Saint Afan's Church, Lanafan Fawr, Powys, Wales

Blessed Edward Osbaldeston

Additional Memorials

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland and Wales

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

Profile

Son of Thomas Osbaldeston. Studied at the English College in Douai, France, and then at the seminary in Rheims, France. Ordained on 21 September 1585. On 27 April 1589 he returned to England to minister to covert Catholics. Had a great devotion to Saint Jerome. Betrayed by Thomas Clark, an apostate priest, he was arrested at an inn in Tollerton, Yorkshire on 30 September 1594. Tried for high treason by reason of being a priest, he was quicklly condemned. Martyr.

Born

c.1560 in Osbaldeston, Lancashire, England

Died

hanged, drawn and quartered on 16 November 1594 at York, North Yorkshire, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Simeon of Cava

Also known as

Symeon

Profile

Fourth abbot of the abbey of Cava dei Tirreni in Campania, Italy. Elected in 1124, he served for 16 years of great political turmoil between state and Church; his rule was noted for his concern for the local laity under the abbey's protection, and for the works of the monks he sent out to reform other houses. Held in high esteem and sought out consellor by bishops, fuedal lords, King Roger II, Pope Anacletus II and Pope Innocent II.

Died

• 16 November 1140 at Cava dei Tirreni monastery, Campania, Italy

• buried in Arsicia cave with other abbot of Cava dei Tirreni

• relics enshrined at the altar of Saint Benedict in the monastery church in 1928

Beatified

18 May 1928 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmation)

Patronage

Castellabate, Italy (proclaimed on 6 April 1963)

Blessed Zef Marksen

Also known as

Josef Marxen

Profile

Studied in Vienna, Austria, and ordained in Munich, Germany on 21 June 1936 as a priest for the diocese of Lezhë, Albania. Arrested in Shijak, Albania in February 1945 for remaining Catholic following the Communist take over. Sentenced to prison where he was eventually murdered. Martyr.

Born

5 August 1906 in Worringen, Cologne, Germany

Died

shot on 16 November 1946 in the high security prison in Tiranë, Albania

Beatified

• 5 November 2016 by Pope Francis

• beatification celebrated at the Square of the Cathedral of Shën Shtjefnit, Shkodër, Albania, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato

Saint Eucherius of Lyon

Profile

Born to the nobility, well educated, and known for his learning and as a gifted speaker. Married to Galla, who became a nun in later life; father of at least two sons – Saint Veranus of Vence and Saint Salonius of Geneva. In 422 he became a monk at Lérins, France, and Galla became a nun. Wrote works on asceticism. Reluctant bishop of Lyons, France in 434. Presided over the Council of Orange in 441. Worked with Saint Hilary of Arles.

Died

449 of natural causes

Saint Anianus of Asti

Profile

Fifth century bishop of Asti, Italy. Little information and survived, and historians don't agree on any of it.

Died

• buried in the crypts under the cathedral of Saint John in Asti, Italy

• re-interred in the church of San Sisto in Asti in 1567

• when the church became structurally un-sound the relics were enshrined in an urn beneath the high altar of the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Asti on 12 August 1696

Saint Leocadio of Déols

Also known as

Leocadius, Leucadio

Additional Memorial

23 November (Bourges, France)

Profile

Father of Saint Ludre. Imperial Roman senator in Déols, Gaul (in modern France). A pagan, he converted to Christianity in the early 4th century, brought to the faith by Saint Ursinus of Bourges, brought in missionaries to his area, supported Ursinus, and converted his own house into a church for their use.

Saint Gobrain of Vannes

Also known as

Gobrien

Profile

Breton monk. Priest. Bishop of Vannes, France. At age 87, he retired from his see to live his remaining days as a hermit. Known for healing by prayer.

Died

• 725 of natural causes

• interred in the Chapelle de Saint Gobrien, Saint-Servant, France

Feast of the Patronage of Our Lady

About

Feast permitted by a 1679 decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites for all provinces of Spain, in memory of the victories obtained there over infidels. Pope Benedict XIII granted it to the Papal States and it may now be celebrated with due permission by churches throughout the world.

Saint Alfric of Canterbury

Also known as

Aelfric, Alfrick

Profile

Benedictine monk of Abingdon Abbey, England. Abbot of Abingdon. Bishop of Wilton, England. Archbishop of Canterbury, England in 995. It was during his governance that Kent was invaded by Danes.

Died

1005 of natural causes

Saint Fidentius of Padua

Also known as

Fidenzio

Profile

Third bishop of Padua, Italy, serving from 166 to 168.

Patronage

• Megliadino San Fidenzio, Italy

• Polverara, Italy

Saint Ludre

Additional Memorial

1 November (Jerome Martyrology)

Also known as

Lusor, Lusore

Profile

Son of Saint Leocadio of Déols. A convert, he died almost immediately after baptism, still wearing the white robes.

Died

relics at Déols on the Indre (in modern Bourges, France)

Saint Elpidius the Martyr

Profile

Official in the court of Emperor Constantius. He was demoted from the court by Julian the Apostate. Martyr.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Saint Africus of Comminges

Also known as

Afrique of Comminges

Profile

Seventh century bishop of Comminges, France.

Died

relics and shrine destroyed by Calvinists in the 16th century

Saint Céronne

Profile

Raised in a pagan family. Convert, baptized at Bordeaux, France where she became an evangelist.

Born

Corneilhan, France

Died

490 of natural causes

Saint Marcellus the Martyr

Profile

Martyr.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Saint Agostino of Capua

Also known as

Augustine

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Decius.

Died

c.250 in Capua, Campania, Italy

Saint Felicita of Capua

Also known as

Felicity

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Decius.

Died

c.250 in Capua, Campania, Italy

Saint Eustochius the Martyr

Profile

Martyr.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Martyrs of Africa

Profile

A group of North African Christians murdered together for their faith, date unknown. We know little more than their names - Baricus, Donatus, Honoratus, Januarius, Justus, Markus, Paulus, Rufinus, Valerius, Victor and Vitalis.

Martyrs of Almeria

Profile

Soon after the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, the Communist-oriented Popular Front had all clergy and religious arrested and abused as they considered staunch Christians to be enemies of the revolution. Many of these prisoners were executed for having promoted the faith, and this memorial remembers several of them killed in the province of Almeria.

• Adrián Saiz y Saiz

• Bienvenido Villalón Acebrón

• Bonifacio Rodríguez González

• Diego Ventaja Milán

• Eusebio Alonso Uyarra

• Isidoro Primo Rodríguez

• Justo Zariquiegui Mendoza

• Manuel Medina Olmos

• Marciano Herrero Martínez

Beatification

10 October 1993 by Pope John Paul II

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 15 (TUESDAY)

 Bl. John Eynon

Died 15 November 1539

Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 13 May 1895, Rome by Pope Leo XIII

Feast 15 November[1]

Attributes chalice, martyr's palm

Martyred Benedictine of St. Giles, Reading. John served as the pastor of the local parish in St. Giles. He refused to surrender the parish to the authorities and was taken to Reading Abbey. He was executed at the abbey gateway with Blessed Hugh Farington and Blessed John Rugg. They were beatified in 1895.

John Eynon, OSB († 1539) was a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict who acted as the pastor of the parish of St Giles in Reading, England. Copies of Robert Aske's proclamation setting forth the reasons behind the Pilgrimage of Grace had circulated at Reading. Eynon was one of those who had made a copy.[2]

At the dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII, Eynon refused to surrender the parish to the King's authorities and was accused of high treason. He was executed on 15 November 1539 at the gateway to Reading Abbey, along with Hugh Faringdon and John Rugg. Rugg was a prebendary at Chichester, but had retired to live at Reading Abbey.[2] All three men were declared to be martyrs and beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1895.[3][4]

John Eynon is commemorated by a carved wooden plaque in St Giles' Church, now a Church of England parish church, and by a stained glass window in St James' Church, the Roman Catholic parish church that occupies part of the footprint of the now ruined Reading Abbey. He is also depicted on The Martyrdom of Hugh Faringdon, last Abbot of Reading, painted by Harry Morley in 1917, and now in the collection of the Museum of Reading

Bl. Gaius of Korea

Born 1571, Korea

Died 15 November 1624, Nagasaki, Japan

Martyred by Tokugawa Shogunate

Means of martyrdom Burnt at the stake

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Beatified 7 July 1867, Rome, by Pope Pius IX

Feast 15 November

Martyr of Japan. A former Buddhist monk of Korea, Gaius went to Nagasaki, Japan. There he was arrested for harboring missionaries and martyred. Gaius was a Dominican tertiary.

Caius of Korea (1571 in Korea – 15 November 1624 in Nagasaki, Japan) is the 128th of the 205 Catholic Martyrs of Japan[1] beatified by Pope Pius IX on 7 July 1867,[2] after he had canonized the Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan five years before on 8 June 1862.

The 19th century French Catholic missionary Claude-Charles Dallet wrote of him in his A history of the church in Korea, "His history proves, in a dazzling way, that God would rather make a miracle than abandon an infidel who follows the lights of his conscience, and seeks the truth with an upright and docile heart."[3]

Biography

Caius was born in Korea and was given to a Buddhist monastery by his parents. He left the monastery because he could not find the peace that he wanted there and went to a mountain to live as a hermit. According to Dallet, "He withdrew into solitude to meditate with more ease on this happiness which he sought. He had as a dwelling only a cave, which he shared with a tiger, which occupied it before him. This wild animal respected its guest; it even yielded the cave to him some time after, and withdrew elsewhere."[3]

Caius only ate what was necessary to preserve his life, abstaining from anything that was not absolutely necessary to live. One night, while in meditation, a man of "majestic aspect" appeared to him,[3] and said to him, "Take courage; within one year you will traverse the sea, and, after much work and fatigue, you will obtain the object of your desire."[3]

In 1592, Japan invaded Korea, and Caius was taken prisoner. On the journey to Japan, they were shipwrecked at Tsushima Island, and Caius, near death, was taken to Kyoto. A Christian named Caius Foyn, the father of his mistress, nursed him back to health.[4]

Allured by the life of the Buddhist monks, he felt that he had found what he had been seeking for many years, and went to live in one of the most famous pagodas in Kyoto. Again he felt that he could not find the peace that he wanted there, and he became ill. During his illness, he had a dream in which he saw the pagoda ablaze. Then a "child of a charming beauty" appeared to him in his dream, comforting him,[3] saying, "Fear no more, you are close to obtaining the happiness you desire."

He found himself cured after the dream. In The Victories of the Martyrs by Saint Alphonsus de Ligouri, it is said that: "One day during sleep it seemed to him that the house was on fire: a little while afterwards a young child of ravishing beauty appeared to him, and announced to him that he would soon meet what he desired; at the same time he felt himself quite well, though he had been sick. Despairing of seeing among the bonzes the light for which he was longing, he resolved to leave them."[5]

Caius then left the temple and went back to his master, who introduced him to a Christian, who in turn introduced him to some Jesuit priests. He converted to Catholicism and was baptised immediately. While he was instructed, one of the priests showed him a tableau representing Jesus Christ, at which Caius is said to have exclaimed, "Oh! Voila! Here is who appeared to me in my cave, and who foretold all that happened to me."[3]

Caius served the sick, especially lepers.[3] In 1614, he went to Spanish Philippines in order to work as a servant to Dom Justo Takayama, a samurai who had been exiled for his Catholic faith. After Takayama died in 1615, Caius returned to Japan, and resumed his duties as a catechist. He helped the missionaries by preaching in his native language to the Koreans who had been taken to Japan after the Japanese invasion of Korea, as well as to the Japanese.[6]

On 15 November 1624, Caius was burnt at the stake with James Coici (Koichi), a Japanese Catholic,[3][5] after he was arrested for harbouring missionaries.

St. Abibus

Born Edessa, Roman Syria

(modern-day Şanlıurfa, Turkey)

Died 322 AD

Edessa, Roman Syria

(modern-day Şanlıurfa, Turkey)

Venerated in Eastern Orthodox church

Roman Catholic Church

Deacon and martyr with Sts. Gurias and Samonas. Abibus served the Church in Edessa, in Syria, where he was arrested during the persecutions of co-Emperor Licinius. The three were burned alive and buried together.

Abibus or Habibus of Edessa (c. 307–322), also known as Abibus the New, was a Christian Deacon who was martyred at Edessa under Emperor Licinius.

Life

Abibus was born in Edessa (modern-day Şanlıurfa, Turkey), in the Roman province of Osroene, in about AD 307. He was ordained a deacon, and the Emperor ordered the arrest of Abibus for his zealous spreading of Christianity.[1] Abibus appeared in front of his executioners not wanting any Christian to have been suffered during his searching.[2]

Abibus was sentenced to be burned at the stake.[3] The martyr entered the fire himself. After the flames were extinguished his body was found undamaged by his mother and relatives. According to the Synaxaristes, Christians took his relics and buried them with those of the fellow martyrs Gurias and Samonas. With Gurias and Samonas, he is venerated as one of the "avengers of unfulfilled contracts". He was buried in Syria in 322.

Feast

Abibus' individual feast day is 2 September in the old Syrian martyrology and 2 November in the Eastern Orthodox church.[4] In the Roman Catholic Church he is celebrated on 15 November, with Gurias and Samonas.

Saint Albert the Great

 புனிதர் ஆல்பர்டஸ் மேக்னஸ் 

(St. Albertus Magnus)

ஆயர், மறைவல்லுநர்:

(Bishop, and Doctor of the Church)

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1193

லாவீஞ்சன், பவேரியா

(Lauingen, Duchy of Bavaria)

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 15, 1280

கொலோன், தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு

(Cologne, Holy Roman Empire)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

அருளாளர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 1622

திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் கிரகோரி 

(Pope Gregory XV)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 1931 

திருத்தந்தை பதினொன்றாம் பயஸ்

(Pope Pius XI)

முக்கிய திருத்தலங்கள்: 

புனித ஆண்ட்ரூஸ் தேவாலயம், கொலோன், ஜெர்மனி

(St. Andrew's Church, Cologne, Germany)

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 15

பாதுகாவல்: 

சின்சினாட்டி (Cincinnati), ஓஹியோ (Ohio), உலக இளையோர் நாள், இயற்கை அறிவியல், மருத்துவ தொழில்நுட்ப வல்லுனர்கள், தத்துவ ஞானிகள், விஞ்ஞானிகள், மாணவர்கள்

“புனிதர் பெரிய ஆல்பர்ட்” (Saint Albert the Great) என்றும், “புனிதர் ஆல்பர்டஸ் மேக்னஸ்” (St. Albertus Magnus) என்றும், “புனிதர் கொலோனின் ஆல்பெர்ட்” (St. Albert of Cologne) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் இவர், ஒரு கத்தோலிக்க புனிதர் ஆவார். இவர் “ஜெர்மனிய டொமினிக்கன் சபைத் துறவியும்” (German Dominican friar) ஆயரும் ஆவார். இவர் தம் வாழ்நாளில் 'அகற்பொது முனைவர்' என்றும் 'புலவாண்மை முனைவர்' என்றும் பாராட்டப்பட்டவர். வாழ்நாள் இறுதியில் தன்பெயருக்கு முன் புனித என்பது மட்டுமன்றி பெரியவர் என்ற பெருமையையும் பெற்றவர்.

“ஜேம்ஸ் ஏ. வீஷிபிள்” (James A. Weisheipl) மற்றும் “ஜோச்சிம் ஆர்.சோடர்” (Joachim R. Söder) போன்ற அறிஞர்கள், இவரை ஜெர்மனியின் “மத்தியகாலத்தின்” (Middle Ages) மாபெரும் தத்துவஞானியாகவும், இறையியலாளராகவும் புகழ்கின்றனர். கத்தோலிக்கத் திருச்சபை இவரை “திருச்சபை (மறையியல்) முனைவராக” தகைமையீந்து பெருமதிப்பு தந்தது. இதுபோல திருச்சபையின் தகைமை பெற்றவர் 36 பேரே என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கதாகும்.

உலக அளவில் மாபெரும் மேதையாக அறியப்பட்ட இவரின் ஆர்வம் அறிவியல், மெய்யியல், இறையியல் என பரந்து விரிந்ததாய் இருந்தது. “ஆர்சனிக்” (Arsenic) என்ற இரசாயன தனிமத்தை கண்டுபிடித்தவர் இவரேயாவார். அத்துடன் “சில்வர் நைட்ரேட்” (Silver nitrate) உள்ளிட்ட ஒளியுணர் கனிம கலவையையும் ஆராய்ந்தவர் இவரே.

கிறிஸ்தவ நம்பிக்கை பகுத்தறிவுக்கு எதிரானது அல்ல என்றும், இவ்வுலகப் படைப்பானது, இறைவனால் எழுதப்பட்ட ஒரு புத்தகமாக நோக்கப்பட்டு, வெவ்வேறு அறிவியல்களால் அதனதன் வகையில் வாசிக்கப்பட்டு புரிந்துகொள்ளப்பட முடியும் என்பதனை இப்புனிதர் வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார். அரிஸ்டாட்டில் குறித்த இப்புனிதரின் எழுத்துக்கள் மெய்யியல் மற்றும் இறையியல் எனும் அறிவியல்களுக்கிடையேயான வேறுபாடுகளைக் காட்டுகின்றது.

வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு:

ஆல்பெர்ட், கி.பி. 1280ம் ஆண்டில் மரித்தபோது இவருக்கு 80 வயது எனக் கூறப்படுவதால், இவர் கி.பி. 1200க்கு முன்பே பிறந்துள்ளார். ஒன்றுக்கும் மேற்பட்ட தக்க சான்றுகளின்படி, இறக்கும்போது 87 வயது முடிந்திருந்ததாக அறியப்படுவதால், இவர் கி.பி. 1193ல் பிறந்ததாகப் பொதுவாக ஏற்கப்படுகிறது. ஆல்பெர்ட், (தற்போது, “பவரியா” (Bavaria) எனப்படும்) “லாவீஞ்சனில்” (Lauingen) பிறந்திருக்கலாம். ஏனெனில் இவர் தன்னை “லாவீஞ்சனின்” ஆல்பெர்ட் என அழைத்துக்கொண்டார். அல்லது அது வெறுமனே அவர் குடும்பப் பெயராகவும் இருக்கலாம்.

ஆல்பர்ட், பெரும்பாலும் “பதுவை” (University of Padua) பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் கல்வி கற்றார். “ருடொல்ஃப் டி நொவமகியா” (Rudolph de Novamagia) எனும் சரித்திர ஆசிரியரின் கூற்றின்படி, பிற்காலத்தில், ஆல்பர்ட்டுக்கு அர்ச்சிஷ்ட கன்னி மரியாள் திருக்காட்சியளித்ததாக கூறப்படுகிறது. அன்னையின் உந்துதல் மற்றும் திருவுளப்படி, ஆல்பர்ட், கி.பி. 1223 அல்லது 1229ம் ஆண்டில் டொமினிக்கன் (Dominican Order) சபையின் உறுப்பினராகி, “போலோக்னா” (Bologna) மற்றும் பிற இடங்களில் இறையியல் கற்றார்.

இறையியலில் மாபெரும் தேர்ச்சி பெற்ற இவர், பாரீசில் தன் படிப்பை முடித்தபின் “கொலோனில்” (Cologne) கல்வி கற்பிக்கும் பணியைத் துவக்கினார். இவர், கற்பிப்பதற்கும் எழுதுவதற்கும் என திரும்பினார். இவர், “ரீகன்ஸ்பர்க்” (Regensburg), “ஃப்ரேய்பர்க்” (Freiburg), “ஸ்ட்ராஸ்பௌர்க்” (Strasbourg) மற்றும் “ஹில்ட்ஷெய்ம்” (Hildesheim) ஆகிய இடங்களிலுள்ள பல பல்கலை கழகங்களில் இறையியல் பேராசிரியராக பணிபுரிந்தார். இவரது வகுப்புகள் மிகவும் சிறந்த முறையில் இருந்ததால், மிக அதிகமான எண்ணிக்கையில் மாணவர்கள் இவரது வகுப்புகளுக்கு வந்தனர். இதனால், இவரது பாடங்களை வகுப்புகளில் நடத்த முடியாமல், திறந்த வெளிகளில் நடத்தினார்.

கி.பி. 1254ம் ஆண்டு, ஆல்பர்ட் டொமினிக்கன் சபையின் தலைவராக நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். பெரும் கவனிப்பு மற்றும் செயல்திறனுடன் அலுவலக கடமைகளை நிறைவேற்றினார்.

கி.பி. 1260ம் ஆண்டில், திருத்தந்தை “நான்காம் அலெக்சாண்டர்” (Pope Alexander IV) இவரை ஜெர்மனியின் “பவரியாவிலுள்ள” (Bavaria) “ரீகன்ஸ்பர்க்” (Regensburg) ஆயராக நியமித்தார். மூன்று வருடங்களின் பின்னர், அவர் அந்த பதவியிலிருந்து விலகினார். 1263ம் ஆண்டு, இவரை ஆயர் பதவியிலிருந்து விலக அனுமதித்த திருத்தந்தை “நான்காம் அர்பன்” (Pope Urban IV), இவரை ஜெர்மன் மொழி பேசும் நாடுகளில் “எட்டாவது சிலுவைப் போரை” (Eighth Crusade) போதிக்குமாறு கூறினார்.

கி.பி. 1278ம் ஆண்டு, இவரது உடல் ஆரோக்கியம் சீர்குலைந்து போன பிறகு, கி.பி. 1280ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 15ம் நாள், ஆல்பர்ட், மரித்துப்போனார்.

கி.பி. 1931ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை பதினொன்றாம் பயஸ் (Pope Pius XI), இவரை புனிதராகவும், மறைவல்லுனராகவும் உயர்த்தினார். 1941ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை “பன்னிரண்டாம் பயஸ்” (Pope Pius XII), இவரை இயற்கை சார்ந்த அறிவியல் விஞ்ஞானிகளின் பாதுகாவலராக அறிவித்தார்.

Also known as

• Albert of Lauingen

• Albertus Magnus

• Doctor Expertus

• Doctor Universalis

Profile

Son of a military nobleman. Dominican. Priest. Taught theology at Cologne, Germany, and Paris, France. Teacher of Saint Thomas Aquinas. Influential teacher, preacher, and administrator. Bishop of Regensburg, Germany. Introduced Greek and Arabic science and philosophy to medieval Europe. Known for his wide interest in what became known later as the natural sciences - botany, biology, etc. Wrote and illustrated guides to his observations, and was considered on a par with Aristotle as an authority on these matters. Theological writer. Doctor of the Church.

Born

1206 at Lauingen an der Donau, Swabia (part of modern Germany)

Died

15 November 1280 at Cologne, Prussia (part of modern Germany) of natural causes

Beatified

1622 by Pope Gregory XV

Canonized

1931 by Pope Pius XI

Patronage

• Cincinnati, Ohio, archdiocese of

• medical technicians

• natural sciences

• philosophers

• schoolchildren, students

• scientists (proclaimed on 13 August 1948 by Pope Pius XII)

• theology students

Representation

• man dressed as a Dominican bishop lecturing from a pulpit

• man arguing with Saint Thomas Aquinas

Blessed Lucy of Narni

Also known as

• Lucy Brocolelli

• Lucy de Alessio

• Lucia Broccadelli

Profile

The eldest of eleven children of Bartolomeo Broccadelli and Gentilina Cassio. A pious child, at age five she received a vision of Our Lady, and at age seven she saw Mary and received a scapular from Saint Dominic de Guzman. By age twelve she had taken private vows and had decided to become a Dominican. However, her father died, she was placed in the care of her uncle, and at age 15 she was betrothed in an arranged marriage to Count Pietro de Alessio of Milan, Italy. Her fondness for Pietro and her duty to her family conflicted with her desire for the religious life, and the stress caused her to become ill until she received a vision of Mary, Saint Dominic and Saint Catherine. She finally married the count, but he understood that they would live as brother and sister.

Lucy took over the operation of the count's household. She taught catechism to the servants, began caring for the local poor, and spent her evenings in prayer. The servants claimed that Saint Catherine, Saint Agnes of Rome and Saint Agnes of Montepulciano helped her bake bread for the poor. At one point Lucy simply walked away from home, planning to become an anchorite; she claimed that Saint Dominic brought her back as she had other things to do; her husband had her locked up, possibly for what he considered her own safety. This became the breaking point for them; a few weeks later Lucy returned to her mother's home. Pietro eventually became a Franciscan and noted preacher.

In 1496 she moved to Viterbo, Italy, and joined a group of Dominican tertiaries. Her visions continued, she began to fall into ecstasies during prayer, and received the signs of the stigmata. Word of her visions and actions got around, and curiosity seekers came to gawk at her. Her bishop investigated her himself, but did not come to any conclusion about the nature of her visions, and referred her to the Inquisition. They investigated, reached no decision, and referred her to the Vatican. The Pope, with the help of Blessed Columba of Rieti, decided that the mystical signs were of God, and asked Lucy to pray for him.

Lucy returned to Viterbo where the locals were excited to have her back. However, the count of Ferrara, Italy who had just built a convent of Saint Catherine of Siena in Narni, Italy, asked Lucy to serve as its prioress; she agreed, with the plan to make it a house of very strict observance. This triggered a two-year conflict between the two cities which actually led to armed conflict when the count sent troops to Viterbo in 1499 to escort her to the convent. There she ran into additional problems as many novices were unable to live under the strict rules; there was sometimes a circus atmosphere at the house as the count brought visitors to show off Lucy, and would demand that she show signs of stigmata. In 1505 the Dominicans replaced her as prioress, and the new superior had her confined; for her remaining 39 years she lived in silence, speaking only to her confessor, completely obedient, never complaining, utterly forgotten by the outside world, and spending all free time in prayer, frequently going into ecstasies and receiving visions.

Born

13 December 1476 in Narni, Umbria, Italy as Lucy Brocolelli

Died

• 15 November 1544 at the Saint Catherine of Siena convent in Ferrara, Italy of natural causes

• miracles were reported at her tomb, people began to visit her grave to pray, and she was re-interred twice to make it easier for them

• interred in the cathedral in Ferrara

• body incorrupt

Beatified

1 March 1710 (cultus confirmed) by Pope Clement XI

Saint Raphael Kalinowski

Also known as

• Joseph Kalinowski

• Raffael di San Giuseppe

• Raphael Joseph Kalinowski

• Raphael of Saint Joseph

Profile

Son of Andrew Kalinowski, prominent mathmatics professor at the College of Nobility, and Josepha Poionska Kalinowski. Studied at his father's school. Though he felt a call to the priesthood, Joseph decided on college first. He studied zoology, chemistry, agriculture, and apiculture at the Institute of Agronomy in Hory Horki, Russia, and at the Academy of Military Engineering at Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Lieutenant in the Russian Military Engineering Corps in 1857. Planned and supervised the construction of the railway between Kursk and Odessa. Promoted to captain in 1862, he was stationed in Brest-Litovsk. There he started, taught, and bore all the costs of a Sunday school, accepting anyone interested.

In 1863 he supported the Polish insurrection. He resigned from the Russian army and became the rebellion's minister of war for the Vilna region; he took the commission with the understanding that he would never hand out a death sentence or execute a prisoner. Arrested by Russian authorities on 25 March 1864. In June 1864 he was condemned to death for his part in the revolt, but the authorities feared they would be creating a political martyr, and commuted his sentence to ten years forced labour in the Siberian salt mines; part of his sentence was spent in Irkutsk where his relics recently sanctified a new cathedral.

Released in 1873, he was exiled from his home region in Lithuania. Moved to Paris, France, and worked as a tutor for three years. In 1877 he finally answered the long-heard call to the religious life, and joined the Carmelite Order at Graz, Austria, taking the name Raphael. Studied theology in Hungary, then joined the Carmelite house at Czama, Poland. Ordained on 15 January 1882.

Worked to restore the Discalced Carmelites to Poland, and for church unity. Founded a convent at Wadowice, Poland, c.1889. Worked with Blessed Alphonsus Mary Marurek. Noted spiritural director of both Catholics and Orthodox. Enthusiastic parish priest, he spent countless hours with his parishioners in the confessional.

Born

1 September 1835 at Vilna, Russian Poland (modern Vilnius, Lithuania) as Joseph Kalinowski

Died

15 November 1907 at Wadowice, Malopolskie, Poland of natural causes

Canonized

17 November 1991 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Joseph Pignatelli

Also known as

• Giuseppe Maria Pignatelli

• José Pignatelli Moncayo

Additional Memorial

14 November (Jesuits)

Profile

His mother was Spanish, his father an Italian noble. An orphan at age 9, he became a resident student at the Jesuit college in Zaragoza. Joined the Jesuits in 1753 at Taragona at age 16, along with his brother. Developed tuberculosis, which weakened and haunted him the rest of his life. Ordained in 1763 at age 25. Teacher at Manresa, Bilboa, and Zaragoza. Ministered to men on death row.

Expelled with other Jesuits on 3 April 1767 by order of King Charles III. Being a member of the nobility, Joseph had a chance to stay, but he left with his exiled brothers. On the road they found that the Jesuits were being expelled from all countries except Prussia and Russia. Joseph stubbornly kept together a remnant of the order, and these would the restoration of the Jesuits three years after Joseph's death. Led and inspired the Jesuits during the 41 years of the Suppression of the Society. Considered the link between the old Jesuits, suppressed in 1773, and the new Jesuits, restored in 1814.

Groups of Jesuits reformed into societies such as The Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in France and The Society of the Faith of Jesus in Italy. The Jesuits survived in Russia, and though he lived in Italy, Joseph associated himself with them. In 1775, Pope Pius VI gave permission for Jesuits from other countries to rejoin the Jesuits in Russia, and in 1799 approved the opening of a novitiate in Colorno, Italy, making Joseph the Master of Novices. In 1801 King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia reinstated the Jesuits in his kingdom, and in 1815 he joined them himself.

In 1800 Pope Pius VII determined to completely restore the Society, but was unable until the fall of Napoleon. Despite their being virtually nothing left of the Society's resources, requests for the restored Jesuits to start schools poured in from every direction. Within a year the Society had as many members and as many foundations as the old Society had had in 1555.

Born

27 December 1737 at Zaragoza, Spain

Died

15 November 1811 in Rome, Italy of his life long fight with tuberculosis

Canonized

12 June 1954 by Pope Pius XII

Blessed Hélène-Marie-Philippine de Chappotin de Neuville

Also known as

• Marie of the Passion

• Marie de la Passion de Chappotin

Profile

The death of two sisters and a cousin led Hélène to look for meaning in life, which led to her discerning a call to religious life. Her mother died when Hélène was 20 years old, and she put the religious life on hold to run her family home and help raise her younger siblings. In December 1860, having a great devotion to Saint Francis of Assisi, she was finally able to follow the call and joined the Poor Clares, but health problems forced her to return home. When she recovered, her confessor directed her to the Society of Marie Reparatrice which she joined in 1864, making her profession in Toulouse, France on 15 August 1865, taking the name Mary of the Passion. Missionary to India in March 1865. Provincial superior of three Reparatrice houses in July 1867. In the mid-1870's, she became embroiled in disputes among missionary houses in India which led to going to the Vatican to seek help settling the issue. On 6 January 1877 she obtained permission from Pope Pius IX to found the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary. Worked with Servant of God Father Bernardin de Portogruaro. Due to internal politics and dissension, she was removed from her position as superior of the Order in March 1883; an inquiry by Pope Leo XIII cleared her of all allegations and she was re-elected to the position of Superior in July 1884. Today the Missionaries continue their good work with 2,000 sisters at 86 houses on four continents.

Born

21 May 1839 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France

Died

• 15 November 1904 in San Remo, Imperia, Italy of natural causes

• interred in a private oratory at the general house of the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in Rome, Italy

Beatified

• 20 October 2002 by Pope John Paul II

• her beatification miracle involving the healing of a religious sister who suffered from "pulmonary and vertebral TBC, Pott's Disease"

Saint Rocco Gonzalez

Also known as

• Roch Gonzalez

• Roque Gonzalez

Profile

Born to the Paraguayan nobility. Jesuit priest. One of the architects of the Jesuit Reductions in Paraguay. Realizing the damage of the slave trade, the Jesuits gathered the indigenous Indians and went inland. In Paraguay, beginning in 1609, they built settlements, taught agriculture, architecture, construction, metallurgy, farming, ranching and printing. By the time the Jesuits were expelled in 1767 they had 57 settlements with over 100,000 native residents.

Roch served as doctor, engineer, architect, farmer and pastor, supervised the construction of churches, schools and homes, and introduced care for cattle and sheep to the natives. He adapted his tactics to the locals love of ornament, dancing, and noise. On the great feasts of the Church, Roch solemnly celebrated Mass outside the little thatched church, and then the whole village dressed in their best and celebrated the rest of the day with games, bonfires, religious dances, flute music, and fireworks. Fierce warriors were softened by Roch's gentle Christianity, put aside their hatred for religion, and embraced the faith; violent revenge, previously part of the local culture, was abandoned.

This progress recevied a severe blow by the arrival of slave traders who were able to influence the Spanish crown and get permission for their activity. They lured natives away from the Reductions, betrayed them, and sold them into slavery. Roch became a stanch protector of their freedom, pleading the Indian cause so forcefully with the Spanish government that the Reduction of Saint Ignatius was finally left in peace.

Because of his success in evangelizing the natives, a local witch-doctor who was losing his power base murdered Roch along with Saint John de Castillo and Saint Alphonsus Rodriquez. One of the Jesuit Martyrs of Paraguay.

Born

1576 at Asunción, Paraguay

Died

martyred on 15 November 1628 at Caaro, Brazil, just as he finished celebrating Mass

Canonized

16 May 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Patronage

native traditions

Saint Leopold III

 புனித_மூன்றாம்_லியோபோல்ட் (1073-1136)

நவம்பர் 15

இவர் ஆஸ்திரியாவைச் சார்ந்தவர். இவரது தந்தை ஆஸ்திரியாவின் ஆளுநராக இருந்தவர்.

தன் தந்தையின் மறைவுக்குப் பின் ஆஸ்திரியாவின் ஆளுநராக உயர்ந்த இவர், இறைப்பற்றிற்கும் அறச்செயல்களுக்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த எடுத்துக்காட்டாக விளங்கினார்.

1106 ஆம் ஆண்டு மூன்றாம் ஹென்றி  என்பவருடைய மகளை மணந்த இவர், இல்லறத்தில் நல்லறம் கண்டார். இவருக்கு இறைவன் ஒன்பது குழந்தைகளைக் கொடுத்து அருள்பாலித்தார். 

தனக்கு ஆஸ்திரியாவின் மன்னராவற்கான வாய்ப்பு வந்தபோதும், இவர் மிகுந்த தாழ்ச்சியோடு அதை மறுத்து தாழ்ச்சிக்கு எடுத்துக்காட்டாக விளங்கினார். இவர் பல துறவு மடங்களையும் கோயில்களையும் கட்டித் தந்தார் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

இவருக்கு 1486 ஆம் ஆண்டு புனிதர் பட்டம் கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.

Also known as

• Leopold the Good

• Leopold the Pious

• Leopold the Valiant

• Leopold of Austria

• Leopold the Saint

Profile

Grandson of Emperor Henry III. Grandfather of Frederick Barbarossa. Educated by bishop Altman of Passau, Germany. At age 23 he succeeded his father as margrave (military governor) of Austria. Married to Agnes, widowed daughter of Emperor Henry IV. She brought two children into the marriage, and they had eighteenof their own, eleven of whom survived. Father of Otto of Freising, who wrote Leopold's biography, and of Duke Henry II of Austria, and step-father to King Conrad III of Germany. Founded Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian houses in 1106, and others later in life; houses in Heiligenkreuz, Klosterneuburg, and Mariazell still exist. Defeated the Hungarians to defend his homeland. Arranged the Concordat of Worms in 1122, an agreement that ended the battle over royal versus ecclesiastical investiture. Refused the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor in 1125. Active in support of the First Crusade.

Born

1073 at Melk, Lower Austria, Austria

Died

1136 at the abbey of Klosternburg, Niederosterrich, Austria of natural causes

Canonized

6 January 1485 by Pope Innocent VIII

Patronage

• against the death of children

• large families

• Lower Austria

• step-parents

• Austria (since 1663; proclaimed on 17 December 1913 by Pope Pius X)

• Upper Austria

• Abetone, Italy

Representation

• armed man with a cross on his coronet, a banner with three eagles, and a model of the church of Heiligenkreuz in his hand

• man before the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Anne

• man hunting with his courtiers, and finding his wife's veil near the monastery of Klosterneuburg

• with Saint Jerome

• with his building Klosterneuburg

• with the Blessed Virgin Mary appearing to him while he hunts, and with a veil nearby

Saint Joseph Mukasa

Also known as

• Josef Mukasa

• Joseph Balikuddembe

• Joseph Mkasa Balikuddembe

• Joseph Mkasa

• Yosefu Mkasa

• Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe

Addtitional Memorial

3 June as one of the Martyrs of Uganda

Profile

Kayozi clan. Major-domo to King Mwanga of Uganda, and captain of the king's pages. Convert, joining on 15 November 1885. Rebuked the 18 year old king for his dissolute lifestyle, his drinking, his advances to the male court pages, and the martyrdom of Anglican missionary bishop James Hannington. Not the first Christian killed in Uganda, but the first Catholic martyr in the country. One of the Martyrs of Uganda who died in the Mwangan persecutions.

Born

1860 at Buganda, Uganda

Died

• beheaded on 15 November 1885 at Nakivubo, Uganda

• his body was burned

Canonized

18 October 1964 by Pope Paul VI at Rome, Italy

Blessed John Rugg

Profile

Former fellow of the two Saint Mary Winton colleges. Priest. First holder of the Wykehamical prebend "Bursalis" at the Chichester Cathedral. Obtained a dispensation from residence, and was living as a Benedictine monk at Reading, Berkshire, England in 1532. Believed to have hidden the hand of Saint Anastasius, a relic housed in the cathedral, when the king's men seized the relics in the Reading abbey, and which was rediscovered during renovations in 1786. For this, and for denying the king's as head of the Church, he was executed. Martyr.

Born

English

Died

• dragged through the streets, hanged, drawn, and quartered on 15 November 1539 at the main abbey gateway in Reading, Berkshire, England

• body left to rot in his chains as a warning for others

• body removed by locals and buried first at Bere Court

• relics re-interred in the 16th century

Beatified

13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII

Saint Alonso Rodriguez

Also known as

• Alphonsus Rodriquez

• Alphonso Rodriquez

Profile

Jesuit, ordained in 1624. Missionary to Paraguay and Brazil. With Saint Rocco Gonzalez and Saint Juan de Castillo, he co-founded the "reduction" of the Assumption on the Ijuhi River. In 1628 they established the All Saints mission in Caaro, Brazil. Killed 15 days into his missionary work. One of the Jesuit Martyrs of Paraguay, the first martyrs in the Americas to be beatified.

Born

14 September 1595 in Belmonte, Cuenca, Spain

Died

hacked to death with a hatchet on 15 November 1628 at Caaro, Brazil

Canonized

16 May 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Patronage

native traditions

Saint Findan of Rheinau

Also known as

Findanus, Fintan

Profile

Captured by Norse raiders, who murdered the rest of his family, Findan was forced into slavery in the Orkney Islands. He escaped to Scotland and headed south, becoming a pilgrim to Rome, Italy. Monk at Farfa Abbey, Farfa Sabina, Italy. Monk and hermit in Rheinau Abbey, Rheinau, Switzerland for 22 years, living his last 17 years as a walled-in recluse.

Born

Leinster, Ireland

Died

• 879 at the Rheinau Abbey, Rheinau, Switzerland of natural causes

• relics enshrined in the Fintansaltar in the abbey church

Canonized

1114 by Pope Paschal II (cultus confirmation)

Representation

• dove

• pilgrim's staff

Saint Malo of Aleth

Also known as

• Malo of Brittany

• Mac'h Low, Machutus, Maclou, Maclovio, Maclovius, Macuto

Profile

An adult convert who was baptized by and became the spiritual student of Saint Brendan the Navigator. Monk at Llancarfan Abbey in Wales. One of the monks on the famous Voyage of Saint Brendan. Immigrant to Brittany where he helped in the missionary work of Saint Aaron of Brettany. First bishop of Aleth (modern Saint-Servan, France). Established churches in the area of Brittany now named Saint-Malo in his honour. Driven from the area to Saintes, France by opponents to his mission.

Born

c.520 in Wales

Died

15 November c.620 at Archingeay, France

Blessed Hugh Faringdon

Also known as

• Hugh Cook

• Hugh Farrington

Profile

Abbot in Reading, England in 1520. Royal chaplain, member of Parliament, and close friend of King Henry VIII. When Henry split with Rome and ordered the dissolution of religious houses, Hugh refused to surrender his abbey. He was convicted of treason, and martyred.

Born

in Faringdon, Berkshire, England as Hugh Cook

Died

15 November 1539 in Reading, Berkshire, England

Beatified

13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)

Blessed Richard Whiting

Profile

Benedictine monk at Glastonbury Abbey. Educated at Cambridge. Ordained in 1501. Abbot of Glastonbury in 1525. Leader of his house when King Henry VIII seized Church property as part of his usurpation of religious power. Arrested for refusing to turn his abbey over to the king's men. Convicted of treason for remaining loyal to Rome. Martyr.

Born

Wrington, Somerset, England

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered on 1 December 1539 at Tor Hill, Glastonbury, England

Beatified

13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII

Saint Sidonius of Saint-Saëns

Profile

Monk at Jumièges Abbey in France in 664. Spiritual student of Saint Philibert. Spent several years travelling from monastery to monastery. Companion to Saint Ouen of Rouen in Rome, Italy for more than ten years. Sent by Ouen to found a monastery near the city of Rouen; it was known as Saint-Saëns, France and was destroyed in the 9th century by war. Sidonius founded several other monasteries in this region, and served as abbot, before retiring to live as a simple monk. Spiritual teacher of Saint Leutfridus.

Born

7th century Ireland

Died

c.684 of natural causes

Blessed John Thorne

Profile

Benedictine monk at Glastonbury. Abbey treasurer at the time the house was dissolved by decree of King Henry VIII. When the king's men arrived to disperse the monks and impound the treasury, John hid it. For keeping Church property from the king, he was charged with sacrilege and treason. Tortured and executed. Martyr.

Died

dragged through the streets by horses then hanged, drawn, and quartered on 15 November 1539 at Tor Hill, Glastonbury, Somerset, England

Beatified

13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII

Saint Desiderius of Cahors

Also known as

Didier

Profile

Born to the Gallo-Roman nobility, the son of Salvius and Herchenfreda; brother of Saint Rusticus. Educated in the court of King Clotaire II. Studied canon law. Royal treasurer to Clotaire II and Dagobert I. Bishop of Cahors, France from 630 to 655. Great supporter of monastic life for both men and women in his diocese, and of church construction.

Born

c.580 in Albi, France

Died

655 of natural causes

Blessed Roger James

Profile

Sub-treasurer of, sacristan for and the youngest Benedictine monk in Glastonbury Abbey. Arrested for refusing to acknowledge King Henry VIII as head of the Church. Martyr.

Born

England

Died

dragged through the streets by horses then hanged, drawn, and quartered on 15 November 1539 at Tor Hill, Glastonbury, Somerset, England

Beatified

13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII

Blessed John Eynon

Also known as

John Oynon

Profile

Benedictine monk. Priest at Saint Giles, Reading, England. He refused to surrender his parish to non-Catholic authorities, was arrested, and executed. Martyr.

Born

English

Died

hanged on 15 November 1539 at the entrance of the abbey in Reading, Berkshire, England

Beatified

13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)

Saint Anianus of Wilparting

Also known as

• Anianus of Irschenberg

• Aniano

Profile

Nephew of Saint Anianus of Wilparting. Travelling missionary deacon. Martyr.

Died

697 at Mount Irschenberg, Bavaria, Germany

Saints Marinus of Wilparting

Also known as

• Marianus of Irschenberg

• Mariano

Profile

Uncle of Anianus of Wilparting. Travelling missionary bishop. Martyr.

Died

697 at Mount Irschenberg, Bavaria, Germany

Blessed Caius of Korea

Also known as

Caio

Profile

Layman catechist in the archdiocese of Nagasaki, Japan. Martyr. Caius was accepted into the Jesuits, but had been executed before the notice reached him.

Born

1571 in Korea

Died

burned alive on 15 November 1624 in Nagasaki, Japan

Beatified

7 May 1867 by Pope Pius IX

Blessed Miguel Díaz Sánchez

Profile

Priest in the diocese of Albacete, Spain. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

30 July 1879 in Caudete, Orihuela, Spain

Died

15 November 1936 in Almansa, Albacete, Spain

Beatified

28 October 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI

Saint Gurias of Edessa

Also known as

Guria, Gury

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Born

Sarcigitua

Died

beheaded in 305 at Edessa, Syria

Saint Shamuna of Edessa

Also known as

Samonas

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Born

Ganas

Died

beheaded in 305 at Edessa, Syria

Saint Fintan the Missionary

Profile

Missionary to Switzerland and Germany. Noted for the depth of his prayer life. In later life he retired to live as a hermit on an island in the Rhine River.

Born

Ireland

Died

827 of natural causes

Saint Felix of Nola

Profile

Bishop of Nola, Italy. Martyred with 30 other Christians in the 3rd-century persecutions of the prefect Marcianus.

Blessed Assone of Torgau

Also known as

Asso, Hassi, Hasso, Hassus

Profile

Franciscan friar known for the holiness of his life and as a miracle worker.

Died

• c.1250

• buried in the Franciscan church at Torgau, Germany

Saint Eugene of Toledo

Also known as

Eugenius

Profile

Third century missionary who worked with Saint Dionysius of Paris. Martyr.

Died

relics translated to Toledo, Spain in 1148

Saint Paduinus of Le Mans

Also known as

Pavin of Le Mans

Profile

Monk at Saint Vincent Abbey, Le Mans, France. First abbot of Saint Mary's Abbey, Le Mans.

Died

c.703

Saint Machudd of Llanfechel

Also known as

Machell, Mechell

Profile

Founded Llanfechell Abbey, Anglesey, Wales, and served as its first abbot.

Died

7th century

Saint Arnulf of Toul

Profile

Bishop of Toul, France from 847 to 871. Opposed the divorce of King Lothair II.

Died

871

Saint Luperius of Verona

Profile

Bishop of Verona, Italy.

Martyrs of Hippo

Profile

20 Christians martyred together and celebrated by Saint Augustine. The only details about them to survive are three of the names - Fidenziano, Valerian and Victoria.

Died

Hippo, Numidia (in north Africa)

Martyrs of North Africa

Profile

A group of Christians murdered for their faith in imperial Roman north Africa. The only details that have survived are the names of three of them - Fidentian, Secundus and Varicus.