இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் மே 28

 St. Senator

Church Eastern Orthodox Church

Roman Catholic Church

Appointed 472 AD

Term ended 29 May 475

Predecessor Benignus

Successor Theodorus I

Personal details

Died 29 May 475

Sainthood

Feast day 28 May

Venerated in aforementioned Churches

Shrines Basilica of Saint Euphemia and Saint Senator

Archbishop of Milan, Italy, and papal legate. While still a priest, he was sent by Pope St. Leo I the Great as a legate to the imperial court of Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) to petition Emperor Theodosius II to summon a council to define Chrisfs two natures in the wake of the heresies of the time. Senator was subsequently sent as a papal representative to the Council of Chalcedon (451), which proved a triumph for orthodoxy and the position of the pope. In 472, Senator was appointed archbishop of Milan.

St. Bernard of Montjoux

மான்ட்ஜூக்ஸ் நகர புனிதர் பெர்னார்ட் 

இத்தாலிய துறவி, மறைப்பணியாளர், புகழ்பெற்ற (Hospice) எனப்படும் நல்வாழ்வு சேவை மையம் மற்றும் மடத்தின் நிறுவனர்:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி 1020

சேட்டோ டி மெந்தன், சவோய் கவுண்டி, ஆர்லஸ் இராச்சியம்

இறப்பு: ஜூன் 1081

நோவாரா இம்பீரியல் சுதந்திர நகரம், தூய ரோமானியப் பேரரசு

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை (Catholic Church)

(புனித அகஸ்டினின் சபை உறுப்பினர்கள்) (Canons Regular of St. Augustine)

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

புனிதர் பட்டம்: கி.பி 1681

திருத்தந்தை பதினோராம் இன்னசென்ட்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: மே 28

பாதுகாவல்:

மலையேறுபவர்கள், பனிச்சறுக்கு, பனிச்சறுக்குப் பலகை, மலையேறுபவர்கள் பின்னால் சுமக்கும் சுமை மற்றும் ஆல்ப்ஸ் மலை

மான்ட்ஜூக்ஸ் நகர புனிதர் பெர்னார்ட், ஒரு இத்தாலிய துறவியும், மறைப்பணியாளருமாவார். இவர், (Hospice) எனப்படும் புகழ்பெற்ற நல்வாழ்வு மையம் மற்றும் துறவு மடத்தின் நிறுவனரும் ஆவார். இது, கிட்டத்தட்ட ஆயிரம் ஆண்டு காலமாக, மேற்கு ஆல்ப்ஸ் மலைத்தொடரின் மிகவும் ஆபத்தான பகுதிகளில் அடைக்கலமாகும் மலையேறும் பயணிகளை மீட்கும் பணி சேவை செய்திருக்கிறது. இவர்களது மீட்புப் பணி முழுதுமே, இவர்களது சபையினராலேயே செய்யப்பட்டு வந்துள்ளது. குளிர்கால புயல்களின் போது மீட்புப் பணிக்காக இவர் வளர்த்துவந்த புகழ்பெற்ற ஒருவகை இன நாய்கள், இவற்றின் சிறப்புக்காகவே, இவரது பெயராலேயே - "புனித பெர்னார்ட் நாய்கள்" (St. Bernard dogs) என்று அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன.

அக்கால "ஆர்லெஸ்" (Kingdom of Arles) இராச்சியத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியான "கௌன்டி சவோய்" (County of Savoy) எனப்படும் தூய ரோம மாநிலத்தின் "சேட்டோ டி மெந்தன்" (Château de Menthon) எனும் நகரில் பிறந்த பெர்னார்ட், ஒரு பணக்கார மற்றும் உன்னத குடும்பத்திலிருந்து வந்தவர் ஆவார். பாரிஸ் (Paris) நகரில் தமது முழுமையான கல்வியைப் பெற்றார். அவர் இளமைப் பருவத்தை அடைந்ததும், திருச்சபையின் சேவைக்காக தன்னை அர்ப்பணிக்க முடிவுசெய்தார். தனது தந்தை ஏற்பாடு செய்த கெளரவமான திருமணத்தை மறுத்துவிட்டார்.

(பிரபலமான புராணக்கதை ஓன்று, இவருக்கு ஏற்பாடு செய்யப்பட்ட திருமணத்திற்கு முந்தைய இரவில் அவர் கோட்டையிலிருந்து வெளியேறினார் என்றும், ஜன்னலிலிருந்து தன்னைத் தூக்கி எறிந்து, தரையிலிருந்து சுமார் 40 அடி உயரத்தில் கோட்டையிலிருந்து பறக்கும்போது, தேவதூதர்களால் பிடிக்கப்பட்டு மெதுவாக, பாதுகாப்பாக இறக்கப்பட்டதாகவும் கூறப்படுகிறது.

இத்தாலிய ஆல்ப்ஸ் மலைகளில் (Italian Alps) உள்ள இருமொழிப் பகுதியான "ஆஸ்டா பள்ளத்தாக்கின்" (Aosta Valley) "ஆஸ்டா" (Aosta) நகரின் தலைமை திருத்தொண்டரான (Archdeacon of Aosta) "பீட்டரின்" (Peter) வழிகாட்டுதலின் கீழ் தன்னை நிலைநிறுத்திக் கொண்டார். அவருடைய வழிகாட்டுதலின் கீழ் அவர் வேகமாக முன்னேறினார். ஒரு குருவாக அருட்பொழிவு செய்யப்பட்ட பெர்னார்ட், மலை கிராமங்களில் மிஷனரியாக பணியாற்றினார். பின்னர், அவரது கற்றல் மற்றும் நல்லொழுக்கம் காரணமாக, அவர் தனது ஆலய தலைமை திருத்தொண்டராக நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். அவருக்கு நேரடியாக ஆயரின் கீழே, மறைமாவட்டத்தின் அதிகார பொறுப்புகளை வழங்கினர்.

42 ஆண்டுகளாக, அவர் தொடர்ந்து இந்த மக்களுக்கு நற்செய்தியைப் பிரசங்கித்தார். இத்தாலியின் வடமேற்குப் பிராந்தியமான லோம்பார்டியின் பல மண்டலங்களுக்குள் கூட, ஏராளமான மாற்றங்களைச் செய்தார். மற்றும் பல அற்புதங்களையும் செய்தார். புனித பெர்னார்ட்டின் வாழ்க்கையின் கடைசி செயல் இரண்டு பிரபுக்களின் இடையே இருந்த வேற்றுமைகளை அகற்றிச் சமரச நல்லிணக்கமாகும். அவர்களிடையே இருந்த சண்டை ஒரு அபாயகரமான அச்சுறுத்தியதலை விளைவிக்கக் கூடியதாய் இருந்தது.

அவர் கி.பி. 1081ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூன் மாதம், நோவாரா இம்பீரியல் சுதந்திர நகரில் இறந்தார். புனித லாரன்ஸ் மடத்தில் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார்.

நியூயார்க் (New York) நகர "சரனாக்" (Saranac Lake) ஏரியில் உள்ள புனித பெர்னார்ட் கத்தோலிக்க தேவாலயம் (Saint Bernard's Catholic Church) அவரது பெயரில் அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்டதாகும்.

Born c. 1020

Château de Menthon, County of Savoy,

Kingdom of Burgundy

Died June 1081

Imperial Free City of Novara,

Holy Roman Empire

Venerated in Catholic Church

(Canons Regular of St. Augustine),

Eastern Orthodox Church

Canonized 1681, Rome, Papal States by Pope Innocent XI

Feast May 28, June 15

Attributes In the mountains, with a dog

Patronage mountaineers, skiing, snowboarding, backpacking and the Alps

Bernard of Montjoux was probably born in Italy. He became a priest, was made Vicar General of Aosta, and spent more than four decades doing missionary work in the Alps. He built schools and churches in the diocese but is especially remembered for two Alpine hospices he built to aid lost travelers in the mountain passes named Great and Little Bernard, after him. The men who ran them in time became Augustinian canons regular and built a monastery. The Order continued into the twentieth century. He was proclaimed the patron saint of Alpinists and mountain climbers by Pope Pius XI in 1923. He is sometimes fallaciously referred to as Bernard of Menthon and the son of Count Richard of Menthon, which he was not. His feast day is May 28th.

Bernard became patron and protector of skiers because of his four decades spent in missionary work throughout the Alps.

Bernard of Menthon (French: Saint Bernard de Menthon; or French: Saint Bernard d'Aoste; Italian: San Bernardo di Mentone; Latin: Bernardus; German: Bernhard) was a canon regular and founder of the Great St Bernard Hospice,[1] as well as its associated Canons Regular of the Hospitaller Congregation of Great Saint Bernard.[2] He gave his name to the Saint Bernard breed of dog, originally bred for the cold environment of the hospice.

Life

Early life

Bernard was born probably in the Château de Menthon, near Annecy, then in the County of Savoy, a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy. He was descended from a rich and noble family and received a thorough education in Paris.[3] When he had reached adulthood, he decided to devote himself to the service of the Church and refused an honorable marriage proposed by his father. (In popular legend it is said that he had to sneak out of the castle on the night before an arranged wedding, and that during his flight from the castle, he threw himself from his window, only to be caught by angels and lowered gently to the ground 40 feet (12 meters) below.)[4]

Placing himself under the direction of Peter, the Archdeacon of Aosta, under whose guidance he rapidly progressed, Bernard was ordained a priest and worked as a missionary in the mountain villages. Later, on account of his learning and virtue, he was appointed to succeed his mentor as archdeacon of the cathedral, giving him charge of the government of the diocese, directly under the bishop.[5]

For 42 years, he continued to preach the Gospel to these people and even into many cantons of Lombardy, effecting numerous conversions and working many miracles.[5] The last act of St. Bernard's life was the reconciliation of two noblemen whose strife threatened a fatal outcome. He died in June 1081 in the Imperial Free City of Novara and was interred in the monastery of St. Lawrence

Blessed Maria Bagnesi

Also known as

• Bartholomaea Bagnesi

• Maria Bartolomea Bagnesi

• Marietta Bagnesi

• Mary-Bartholomew Bagnesi

Profile

A happy, beautiful, under-sized, frequently neglected child, her mother often left her to the care of others, including a sister who was a Dominican nun. Marietta grew up and had her best times in her sister's convent, and four of her sisters eventually entered religious life.

When her father arranged a marriage for Maria, she actually fainted in horror. The thought of marriage made her so sick that she eventually became unable to walk, and was bed-ridden. Her father, a man easily swayed by quacks, crack-pots and con men, put her through 34 years of flummery and what passed for medical treatment in the 16th century.

Being bed-ridden, Maria was not able to follow her sisters into the convent, but she did become a Dominican tertiary in 1544. She made her formal profession in 1545, and was soon able to get out of bed for brief periods. However, a combination of pleurisy, asthma, kidney disease, and the non-stop "treatments" she received from assorted quacks and cranks immobilized her again. She began to have visions, and to converse with angels, devils and saints. Her neighbors thought she was possessed, but a local priest became her spiritual advisor, and reassured the locals that Marietta was not in league with the devil or being attacked by him.

With the priest's assurances, Marietta's room became a place for area pilgrims who came to her for wisdom and peace, and for area animals, especially cats. Cats had a special affection for her, many stayed in her room, slept on her bed, guarded her pet songbirds, and at least once fetched her some cheese when she became hungry.

Maria developed a deep devotion to Saint Bartholomew the Apostle, and added his name to hers. As her visions and ecstacies continued and became more constant, she became more mystical in her conversation, became focused on the glorious and sorrowful mysteries, and was seen to levitate. She came to know Saint Mary Magdalen of Pazzi, and shared her visions with her.

Born

15 August 1514 at Florence, Italy

Died

28 May 1577 at Florence, Italy of natural causes

Beatified

11 July 1804 by Pope Pius VII (cultus confirmed)

Patronage

• abuse victims

• against the death of parents

• sick people

Blessed Iuliu Hossu

Profile

The son of Ioan Hossu and Victoria Mariutiu. He studied at the Seminary of Cluj, Romania, the seminary of Budapest, Hungary, the University of Vienna, Austria, and the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum “De Propaganda Fide,” Rome, Italy. He earned a doctorate in philosophy in 1906, and one in theology in 1908. Ordained a priest in the archdiocese of Fagaras si Alba Iulia, Romania on 27 March 1910; the ordination was performed by his uncle, Bishop Vasile Hossu. From 1911 to 1914 he served variously as protocolist, archivist, librarian, vicar-general and secretary to the bishop of Gherla, Romania. Military chaplain to the Romanian soldiers in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I from 1914 to 1917. Chosen Bishop of Cluj-Gherla, Romania by Pope Benedict XV on 21 April 1917. Apostolic Administrator of Maramures, Romania from 19 July 1930 till 31 January 1931. Apostolic Administrator of Oradea Mare, Romania from 29 August 1941 till 1947. For opposing the state-ordered separation of Byzantine-Rumanian Church from Rome, he was imprisoned in prisons in the Romanian cities of Jilava, Drogoslavele, Sighet, and Gherla from 1948 till 1964, and then at the monastery of Caldrusani in Moara Saraca near Bucharest, Romania from 1964 until his health began to fail in 1970 when he was moved to hospital. Secretlu elevated to cardinal by Pope Paul VI on 28 April 1969, but to prevent additional abuse, this was was not revealed until after the Cardinals‘ death. Martyr.

Born

30 January 1885 in Milas, Bistrita-Nasaud, archdiocese of Fagaras e Alba Julia, Romania

Died

• 9 a.m. on 28 May 1970 at Coletina Hospital in Bucharest, Romania

• buried in the Bellu Catholic Cemetery, Bucharest

• re-interred in his permanent tomb in the the same cemetery on 7 December 1982

Beatified

2 June 2019 by Pope Francis

Blessed Luigi Biraghi

Profile

The fifth of eight children. Entered the Minor Seminary of Castello sopra Lecco, Italy at age 12; studied in the Major Seminaries of Monza and Milan in Italy. Ordained in the archdiocese of Milan, Italy on 28 May 1825. Taught in the seminaries of Castello sopra Lecco, Seveso and Monza. A highly educated and cultured man with deep knowledge of the early Church fathers and archeology. Spiritual director of the Major Seminary of Milan in 1833.

With the help of Mother Mariana Videmari, in 1836 Father Biraghi founded the Institute of the Sisters of Saint Marcellina (Marcellina Sisters) at Cernusco sul Naviglio; the Institute requires fidelity to the faith in daily life by its members, and established schools for girls, both the nobility who could pay for it, and the poor who were not required. Named a doctor of the prestigious Biblioteca Ambrosiana in 1855. Honorary canon of the Basilica of Saint Ambrose. In 1862, by the Pope's request, he acted as mediator among the clergy of Milan who were split between those who supported a united Italy, and those who sought the return of the Papal States. Vice-Prefect of the Ambrosiana in 1864. Appointed Domestic Prelate to Blessed Pope Pius IX in 1873. Today the Marcellina Sisters continue their good work in Italy, France, Brazil, Switzerland, England, Albania, Canada, and Mexico.

Born

2 November 1801 in Vignate, Milan, Italy

Died

• 11 August 1879 in Milan, Italy of natural causes

• buried in the family grave in Cernusco sul Naviglio, Italy

• relics translated to the chapel of the mother-house of the Marcellina Sisters in Cernusco in 1951

Beatified

• 30 April 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI

• recognition celebrated in Milan, Italy

Blessed Antoni Julian Nowowiejski

Also known as

Antonio Giuliano Nowowiejski

Additional Memorial

12 June as one of the 108 Polish Martyrs of World War II

Profile

Antoni studied at the seminary of Plock, Poland, and was ordained a priest on 10 July 1881 in Plock. Professor and rector of the Plock seminary. Vicar-General of Plock in 1902. Bishop of Plock on 12 June 1908. Titular Archbishop of Silyum on 25 November 1930. Known for his deep spiritual and prayer life, he was an historian, active pastor of his people, and supported religious and Bible study groups.

In his 80's, Bishop Antoni was imprisoned with a a group of his priests during the Nazi occupation of Poland in World War II. He was taken from prison to prison, and finally ended in the Dzialdowo concentration camp. As he was leader among the prisoners, especially the imprisoned clergy, he was tortured repeatedly, and the guards worked hard to humiliate him and break his spirit; Bishop Antoni responded by blessing them. Martyr.

Born

11 February 1858 in Lubien, Poland

Died

• died of starvation and abuse on 28 May 1941 at Dzialdowo death camp, occupied Poland

• buried in an unmarked grave somewhere near the camp

Beatified

13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II at Warsaw, Poland

Readings

Christ gave his life for his sheep; he also demands the same of his deputies – the shepherds. Let us be exemplified by those martyrs of the first centuries, who in the most difficult moments forgot about themselves, asked only one thing, what could they do for God. - Blessed Antoni Julian Nowowiejski

Blessed Margaret Pole

Also known as

Margaret Plantaganet

Profile

Daughter of the Duke of Clarence. Niece of King Edward IV and King Richard III of England. Married Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Mother of five, one of whom became a cardinal. Widow. Unofficial ward of King Henry VIII, who made her Countess of Salisbury and governess to Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VIII.

When she opposed Henry's plan to marry Ann Boleyn, she was driven from court and received the king's disfavor. When her son, Cardinal Reginald Pole, wrote against Henry's presumptions to spiritual supremacy, the king decided to crush the family. Two of Margaret's sons were executed in 1538 for the crime of being the brothers of Reginald. The elderly Margaret was arrested soon after, falsley charged with plotting revolution; in 1539 she was sent to the Tower of London where she spent her remaining two years. In 1541, at the outbreak of an actual uprising, Margaret was summarily executed with trial as a precaution. Martyr.

Born

14 August 1473 in Somerset, Wilshire, England as Margaret Plantaganet

Died

• beheaded 28 May 1541 on Tower Hill, London, England

• buried at Saint Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London

Beatified

29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)

Blessed Lanfranc of Canterbury

Profile

After a liberal education in England, he went to Normandy and entered the monastery at Bec, where he opened a famous school. An opponent of the doctrines of Berengarius, he succeeded in having the Catholic doctrine defined at the Lateran Council of 1059. He obtained the papal dispensation for the marriage of William, Duke of Normandy, to Matilda of Flanders, and after William's invasion of England in 1066, Lanfranc was made Archbishop of Canterbury. He secured the primacy of the See of Canterbury over that of York, helped reform the Church in Scotland, and prevented many ruptures between the king and pope over the question of tithes. In the struggle over investitures, he consistently upheld the rights of the Church. Lanfranc probably advised the king to name William Rufus his successor, and he subsequently made constant efforts to check the evil deeds of the latter.

Born

c.1005 in Pavia, Italy

Died

• 24 May 1089 in Canterbury, England of natural causes

• interred under the Saint Martin altar at the Canterbury cathedral

Blessed Herculaneum of Piegaro

Also known as

• Herculaneum of Pieghèro

• Ercolano, Herculan, Herculanus

Profile

Franciscan friar minor. Spiritual student of Blessed Albert of Sarteano. Ordained a priest in the early 15th century, Herculaneum became a sought after travelling preacher known for his austerity, his long fasts, and as a miracle worker. While he was preaching in the cathedral of Lucca, Italy during Lent of 1430, the city came under seige by the army of Florence, Italy; Herculaneum rallied the people of Lucca, found ways to smuggle food into the city, and helped them keep their faith until the siege ended; the people of Lucca gave him the Pozzuolo convent in thanks and to insure he returned. Sent by the papal legate to preach missions in the east from 1435 to 1437.

Born

late 14th-century at Piegaro, Italy

Died

• summer of 1451 in the convent of Castelnuovo, Garfagnana, Tuscany, Italy of natural causes

• exhumed in 1456 and found incorrupt

• relics enshrined in the church of the convent of Castelnuovo

Beatified

29 March 1860 by Pope Pius IX (cultus confirmation)

Saint Phaolô Hanh

Also known as

Paul Hanh

Additional Memorial

24 November as one of the Martyrs of Vietnam

Profile

Born to a Christian family in the apostolic vicariate of West Cochinchina (in modern Vietnam), Paul and two of his brothers joined a band of highwaymen and burglars, with Paul as their leader. When Paul insisted that the thieves return some of their loot to the poor, they betrayed him to the authorities, accusing him of treason by collaborating with the French. Arrested, Paul denied the treason but proclaimed himself a sinful Christian and refused to renounce his faith. Tortured and martyred in the persecutions of emperor Tu-Duc.

Born

c.1826 in Cho Quán, Gia Dinh, Vietnam

Died

• beheaded on 28 May 1859 at Saigon (modern Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam

• buried in the cemetery at Cho Quán, Gia Dinh, Vietnam

Beatified

2 May 1909 by Pope Pius X as part of the Annamite Martyrs

Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Saint William of Gellone

Also known as

• William of Aquitaine

• William of Orange

• William of Toulouse

• Willliam Fierabrace

• William in the Desert

• Guillaume...

• Marquis au court nez

Profile

Born to the nobility, the son of Aldana and Count Thierry of Toulouse. Career soldier. Member of the court of Blessed Charlemagne. Duke of Aquitaine. Led forces against the Saracens in southern France. In retirement he built a monastery at Gellone, France, and became a Benedictine monk there; the house was later named Saint-Guilhem-du-Desert in his honour. His reputation for chivalry, bravery and piety led to medieval romances being written about him including the Chançun de Guillaume (Song of William).

Born

755 in France

Died

812 of natural causes in the monastery that was later re-named Saint William in the Desert in his honour

Canonized

1066 by Pope Alexander II

Saint Germanus of Paris

பாரிஸ் நகர் புனிதர் ஜெர்மாய்ன் 

பாரிஸ் மறைமாவட்ட ஆயர்/ ஏழைகளின் தந்தை:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 496

அவுடன், ஃபிரான்ஸ்

இறப்பு: மே 28, 576

பாரிஸ், ஃபிரான்ஸ்

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

புனிதர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 754

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஸ்டீஃபன்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: மே 28

புனிதர் ஜெர்மாய்ன், பாரிஸ் மறை மாவட்ட ஆயரும் (Bishop of Paris) "ஏழைகளின் தந்தை" (Father of the Poor) என அறியப்படுபவரும் ஆவார்.

ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டின் "அவுடன்" (Autun) என்ற இடத்தினருகே வசதியுள்ள "கல்லோ-ரோமன்" (Gallo-Roman) இன பெற்றோருக்குப் பிறந்த ஜெர்மாய்ன், "பர்கண்டியிலுள்ள" "அவல்லான்" (Avallon in Burgundy) என்ற இடத்தில் கல்வி கற்றார்.

தமது 35 வயதில் புனிதர் "அக்ரிப்பினா" (Saint Agrippina of Autun) என்பவரால் குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு செய்விக்கப்பட்டார். பின்னர், அருகாமையிலுள்ள "புனிதர் சிம்போரியன்" (Abbey of St. Symphorian) துறவு மடத்தின் மடாதிபதியானார். 

கி.பி. 555ம் ஆண்டு, பாரிஸ் நகரின் ஆயர் "சிபெலியஸ்" (Sibelius, the Bishop of Paris) இறந்துவிடவே, அரசர் "முதலாம் சில்டேபர்ட்" (Childebert I) ஜெர்மாய்னை ஆயராக தேர்ந்தெடுத்து அருட்பொழிவு செய்வித்தார்.

ஆயர் ஜெர்மாய்ன் அவர்களின் ஆலோசனைகளாலும், செல்வாக்கினாலும் அரச குடும்பமே ஒரு சிறப்பான சீர்திருத்த வாழ்க்கை வாழ்ந்தது. அரசவையில் பணியாற்றியபோதும், எளிமையையும், துறவு வாழ்வையும் ஒருபோதும் எக்காரணத்தை முன்னிட்டும் கைவிடவில்லை. தன்னுடைய ஒறுத்தல் வாழ்வினாலும், அருமையான, எளிமையான மறையுரையாலும் மக்களை இறைவன்பால் ஈர்த்தார். இவரது மறையுரையைக் கேட்கவே மக்கள் கூடி வந்து, காத்திருந்தனர்.

566ம் ஆண்டு, "டூர்ஸ்" நகரில் நடந்த கிறிஸ்தவ மாநாட்டில் (Second Council of Tours) பங்குபெற்றார். கி.பி. 557ம் ஆண்டு முதல் கி.பி. 573ம் ஆண்டு வரை பாரிஸ் நகரில் நடந்த மூன்றாம் மற்றும் நான்காம் மாநாடுகளிலும் (Third and Fourth Councils of Paris) கலந்துகொண்டார். "கௌல்" (Gaul) மாநிலத்தில் வழக்கத்திலிருந்த பாகனிய பழக்கங்களை முறித்துக் கொள்ளும்படி அரசனை அவர் தூண்டினார். பெரும்பாலான கிறிஸ்தவ திருவிழாக்களுடன் பாகன் கொண்டாட்டங்களைச் சேர்த்துக் கொள்ளும் அதிகாரம் தடைசெய்யப்பட்டது.

ஆயர் ஜெர்மாய்ன் கி.பி. 576ம் ஆண்டு, பாரிஸ் நகரில் மரித்தார்.

Also known as

• Father of the Poor

• Germain

Profile

Priest, ordained by Saint Agrippinus of Autun. Abbot. Bishop of Paris, France in 555. Taught and ordained Saint Bertrand of Le Mans. Spiritual teacher of Saint Droctoveus. Cured King Childebert I from an unnamed illness, and converted him from a misspent life. The king then built him the abbey of Saint Vincent, now known as Saint-Germain-des-Pres.

Born

496 at Autun, France

Died

• 28 May 576 in Paris, France of natural causes

• interred in a decorated tomb in the chapel of Saint Symphorien next to the abbey church c.635

• relics re-shrined to the church in 754 by order of King Pepin the Short

Canonized

754 by Pope Stephen II

Patronage

archdiocese of Rimouski, Quebec

Blessed Wladyslaw Demski

Also known as

• Ladislao Demski

• Ladislaus Demski

Additional Memorial

12 June as one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II

Profile

A professor of classical languages, he became a priest in the archdiocese of Gniezno, Poland, serving in the parish of the Blessed Virgin Mary church in Inowroclaw, Poland. Arrested by occupying Nazi forces on 2 November 1939, he was sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp where he was abused, tortured, and finally murdered for refusing to trample his rosary when ordered to do so by camp guards. Martyr.

Born

5 August 1884 in Sztum, Pomorskie, Poland

Died

tortured to death on 28 May 1940 in the concentration camp at Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg, Oberhavel, Germany

Beatified

13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Caraunus of Chartres

Also known as

Carauno, Ceraunus, Cheron

Additional Memorial

18 October (translation of relics)

Profile

When his parents died, Caraunus sold all his goods and estate, distributed the money to the poor, and retired from the world to live as a prayerful hermit. His reputation for holiness spread, his local bishop ordained Caraunus as a deacon, and the new deacon gave up the life of a hermit to serve as a missionary to areas of Gaul where the faith had all but disappeared.

Born

Gaul

Died

• killed by robbers near Chartres, France in the 5th century

• a church and monastery were later built over his tomb

• his relics were hidden to prevent their destruction during the anti–Christian persecutions of the French Revolution

• relics enshrined in the church of Saint Caraunus in Chartres

Blessed John Shert

Additional Memorials

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 1 December as one of the Martyrs of Oxford University

Profile

Educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, England graduating in 1566. Schoolmaster in London, England. Convert to Catholicism. Servant to Dr Thomas Stapleton at Douai, France. Studied at Douai, and at Rome, Italy. Ordained in 1576 at the English College at Rome. Returned to England on 27 August 1579 to minster to covert Catholics. Arrested for the crime of being a priest, and sent to the Tower of London on 14 July 1581. Martyr.

Born

at Shert Hall, near Macclesfield, Cheshire, England

Died

hanged, drawn, and quartered on 28 May 1582 at Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)

Blessed Thomas Ford

Profile

Received a Master of Arts at Trinity College, Oxford, England on 14 July 1567. Fellow of Trinity College. Left to study at the English College, Douai, France in 1570. Ordained in March 1573 at Brussels, Belgium. Returned to the apostolic vicariate of England on 2 May 1576. Chaplain to Edward Yates and the Bridgettins at Lyford, Berkshire. Arrested on 17 July 1581, he was imprisoned and tortured in the Tower of London, accused and tried for treason as part of a non-existent conspiracy of Catholics against the crown, and executed in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I. Martyr.

Born

Devon, Devonshire, England

Died

hanged on 28 May 1582 in Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII

Saint Ubaldesca Taccini

Profile

An only child born to a poor but pious family, she was early drawn to religious life and the care of people even poorer than herself. Joining the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem at age 15, she lived a nun‘s life for 55 years. Had the gift of miraculously healing.

Born

1136 in Calcinaia, Pisa, Italy

Died

• feast of the Holy Trinity, 28 May 1206 in Pisa, Italy of natural causes

• miraculous healings reported at her tomb

• some relics translated to Malta on 30 June 1587

Beatified

Pope Sixtus V granted a plenary indulgence to those who visit her relics in Malta on 28 May

Blessed Robert Johnson

Additional Memorial

29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

Profile

Studied at Rheims, France, and Rome, Italy. Ordained at Douai, France in 1576. He then returned to England to minister to covert Catholics in the London area. Arrested in 1580 in connection with the non-existent Rheims and Rome Plot. Imprisoned in the Tower of London. Tried and convicted with Saint Edmund Campion and others. Martyr.

Born

in Shropshire, England

Died

hanged, drawn and quartered on 28 May 1582 at Tyburn, London, England

Beatified

29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)

Blessed Mary of the Nativity

Also known as

Anna de Corro

Profile

In her youth, Anna made a private vow, consecrating herself to God. She joined the Mercedarians at the monastery of the Assumption in Seville, Spain, taking the name Sister Mary of the Nativity. Known for her deep contemplative prayer life, she received visions of heaven, and spent her time in praise of God. People throughout the region flocked to the convent to have her pray for them.

Died

1580 at the convent of the Assumption in Seville, Spain

Saint Luciano of Cagliari

Also known as

Feliciano

Additional Memorial

10 March (discovery of his relics)

Profile

Convert, baptized by Saint Peter the Apostle. Spiritual student of Saint Paul the Apostle. Martyr.

Born

Sardinia

Died

• stabbed with a spear on 28 May 69

• relics enshrined in the sanctuary of the cathedral of Cagliari, Italy

Saint Heliconis of Thessalonica

Also known as

Eliconide, Helicondes, Heliconides

Profile

Tortured, mutilated and martyred in the persecutions of Decius for refusing to worship idols.

Born

at Thessalonica

Died

• beheaded c.250 at Corinth, Greece

• legend says that milk, not blood, poured from the wound

Blessed Lluís Berenguer Moratona

Profile

Vincentian priest. Martyred in the Spanish Civil War.

Born

5 July 1869 in Santa Maria d'Horta, Barcelona, Spain

Died

28 May 1937 in Barcelona, Spain

Venerated

1 December 2016 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)

Blessed Albert of Csanád

Profile

Member of the Ordo Fratrum Sancti Pauli Primi Eremita (Order of Friars of Saint Paul the First Hermit) in 15th century Hungary. Noted speaker. Wrote poetry in Latin.

Died

c.1492 at the monastery of Bjacs, Hungary of natural causes

Saint Eoghan the Sage

Also known as

• Eoghan Sapiens

• Eoghan the Wise

• Eoghan of Cranfield

• Eoghan of Cremhcaille

• Magh-Creainb-Chaille

• Ernan, Eunt, Eugenius, Enny, Eugene, Owen

Profile

No reliable information has survived.

Saint Eugene of Armagh

Also known as

• Eoghan

• Fear-leighinn

• Lector of Monastrboice

Profile

Monk. Abbot of Armagh, Ireland. Abbot of Clonard, Ireland.

Born

8th century Ireland

Died

834 in Ireland of natural causes

Saint Caraunus the Deacon

Also known as

Cheron

Profile

Convert during the 1st century. Deacon. Missionary to Gaul. Martyred in the persecutions of Domitian.

Born

Rome, Italy

Died

98 near Chartres in modern France

Saint Justus of Urgell

Also known as

Giusto

Profile

First bishop of Urgell, Spain. Wrote a commentary on the Song of Songs.

Died

c.527

Saint Gemiliano of Cagliari

Also known as

Emily, Emilio, Emiliano, Millanu

Profile

First century bishop of Cagliari, Italy. Martyred in the persecutions of Nero.

Saint Podius of Florence

Profile

Priest. Bishop of Florence, Italy in 990.

Born

Tuscany, Italy

Died

1002 of natural causes

Saint Moel-Odhran of Iona

Also known as

Maelodran, Mailodranus

Profile

7th century monk of Iona, Scotland.

Saint Dioscorides of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

burned to death c.244 in Rome, Italy

Saint Helladius of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

burned to death c.244 in Rome, Italy

Saint Crescens of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

burned to death c.244 in Rome, Italy

Saint Paulus of Rome

Profile

Martyr.

Died

burned to death c.244 in Rome, Italy

Saint Accidia

Profile

Martyred in Africa.

Martyrs of Palestine

Profile

A group of early 5th century monks in Palestine who were martyred by invading Arabs.

Martyrs of Sardinia

Profile

A group of early Christians for whom a church on Sardinia is dedicated; they were probably martyrs, but no information about them has survived except the names Aemilian, Aemilius, Emilius, Felix, Lucian and Priamus.

Patronage

diocese of Alghero-Bosa, Italy

Also celebrated but no entry yet

• Andreas Salos

• Gussur Isleifson of Skalholt

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் மே 27

 Saint Augustine of Canterbury

காண்டர்பரி நகர் புனிதர் அகஸ்டின் 

காண்டர்பரி பேராயர்:

பிறப்பு: ஆறாம் நூற்றாண்டு

இத்தாலி (Italy)

இறப்பு: மே 26, 604

காண்டர்பரி, கென்ட், இங்கிலாந்து

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: மே 27

புனிதர் அகஸ்டின் ஒரு “பெனடிக்டைன்” சபைத் (Benedictine monk) துறவி ஆவார். இவர், கி.பி. 597ம் ஆண்டு, காண்டர்பரி உயர்மறை மாவட்டத்தின் முதல் பேராயர் (Archbishop of Canterbury) ஆனார். இவர் ஆங்கிலேயர்களின் அப்போஸ்தலர் (Apostle to the English) என்றும், ஆங்கிலத் திருச்சபையை தோற்றுவித்தவர் (Founder of the English Church) என்றும் கருதப்படுகின்றார்.

அகஸ்டின் இங்கிலாந்து நாட்டின் பாதுகாவலர் ஆவார். 596ம் ஆண்டு, ரோம் நகரின் துறவு மடத்திலிருந்து, இவரது தலைமையில் திருத்தந்தை பெரிய கிரகோரியார் (Pope Gregory the Great) 40 துறவிகளை இங்கிலாந்து நாட்டின் "ஆங்கிலோ-சாக்ஸன்" (Anglo-Saxons) பிரஜைகளை கிறிஸ்தவத்திற்கு மனம் மாற்றுவதற்காக மறைபரப்பு பணிக்காக அனுப்பிவைத்தார்.

மிகவும் கடினமாகப் பயணித்து "கௌல்" (Gaul) சென்றடைந்த அவர்கள், "ஆங்கிலோ-சாக்ஸன்" (Anglo-Saxons) மக்களின் முரட்டுத்தனம் பற்றிய கதைகள் அவர்களை பயமுறுத்தின. "ஆங்கிலேய கால்வாயை" (English Channel) தாண்டிச் செல்வதும் அவ்வளவு இலகுவாக இருக்கவில்லை. திருத்தந்தையின் அறிவுறுத்தல்களை அறிந்துகொள்வதற்காக, அகஸ்டின் ரோம் நகருக்கு திரும்பிச் சென்றார். தங்களுக்கு மறைபோதக பணியை ஆற்றுவதற்கு 'சாக்சென்' மொழி தெரியாதென்பதையும் சுட்டிக்காட்டினர். இதனால் இங்கிலாந்தில் மறைபரப்பு பணி செய்ய வேண்டாமென்றும் தெளிவுப்படுத்தி சொன்னார்கள்.

வதந்திகளையும் பயமுறுத்தல்களையும் கண்டு அஞ்சவேண்டாம் என அறிவுறுத்திய திருத்தந்தை, இறைவனில் முழு நம்பிக்கைகொள்ளுமாறும், தியாகங்கள் செய்யுமாறும், என்ன நடந்தாலும் அவற்றை இறைவன் கொடுத்த கொடை என்று ஏற்றுக் கொள்ளுமாறும் அறிவுரை கூறி அனுப்பினார். திருத்தந்தை கொடுத்த அறிவுரையின்படி, அவர்கள் தைரியம் கொண்டு, மறைபோதக பணியை செய்யத் தயாரானார்கள்.

இம்முறை "ஆங்கிலேய கால்வாயை" (English Channel) கடந்த அவர்கள், கென்ட் பிரதேசத்தில் (Territory of Kent) இறங்கினார்கள். கென்ட் (Kent) பிரதேசம், "பாகனிய" (Pagan) மதத்தைச் சேர்ந்த அரசன் "ஈதல்பெர்ட்" (King Ethelbert) என்பவனின் ஆட்சியின் கீழ் இருந்தது. அவனது மனைவி, கிறிஸ்தவ மதத்தைச் சார்ந்த பெண்ணாவார். அவரது பெயர், "பெர்தா" (Bertha) ஆகும். அவர்களை அன்புடன் வரவேற்ற அரசன் "ஈதல்பெர்ட்" (King Ethelbert) காண்டர்பரி (Canterbury) நகரில் அவர்கள் தங்குவதற்கான வசதிகளையும் செய்து கொடுத்தான்.

ஒரு வருட காலத்திலேயே, (597ம் ஆண்டு) தூய ஆவியின் திருநாளன்று (Pentecost Sunday) அரசன் "ஈதல்பெர்ட்" திருமுழுக்கு பெற்று கிறிஸ்தவனாக மெய்மறையில் மனம் மாறினான். அங்கிருந்தோரும், அரசனுடன் இருந்தவர்கள் அனைவரும் ஒன்று சேர்ந்து கிறிஸ்து பிறப்பு விழாவன்று மனம்திரும்பி புதிதாய் திருமுழுக்கு பெற்றனர்.

ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France) நாட்டில் ஆயர் ஒருவருக்கு அருட்பொழிவு செய்வித்துவிட்டு காண்டர்பரி (Canterbury) திரும்பிய அகஸ்டின், 1070ம் ஆண்டு, புதிதாய் தொடங்கப்பட்ட பேராலயத்தின் அருகே, அப்போதைய ஆலயம் ஒன்றையும், துறவு மடம் ஒன்றினையும் கட்டினார்.

மக்களிடையே கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசம் அதிசயிக்கத்தக்க வகையில் பரவியது. ஆகவே, "லண்டன் மற்றும் ரோச்செஸ்டர்" (London and Rochester) ஆகிய இடங்களிலும் புதிய மறை மாவட்டங்கள் தோற்றுவிக்கப்பட்டன.

அதேபோல, அகஸ்டினின் பணிகள் சில நேரம் மெதுவாக ஊர்ந்தன. அதேபோல, அவர் எப்போதுமே வெற்றியையே சந்திக்கவுமில்லை. ஒரு காலத்தில், ஆங்கிலோ-சாக்சன் படையெடுப்பாளர்களால் மேற்கத்திய இங்கிலாந்து (Western England) நோக்கி விரட்டப்பட்ட அசல் பிரிட்டன் கிறிஸ்தவர்கள் (Original Briton Christians) ஆகிய இரு பிரிவினரையும் சமாதானப்படுத்த முயன்ற இவரது பிரயத்தனங்கள் மோசமான தோல்வியைச் சந்தித்தன.

சில செல்டிக் பழக்கங்களை (Celtic customs) கைவிடுமாறும், ரோம் நகருடனான வேறுபாடுகளை களையவும், பழைய கசப்பான அனுபவங்களை மறக்கவும், பிரிட்டன் கிறிஸ்தவர்களை சமாதானப்படுத்த முயன்ற அவரது முயற்சிகள் அனைத்தும் வீணாயின.

பொறுமையாக போராடியதாலும், கடின உழைப்பாலும், மிஷனரி கொள்கைகளை ஞானமுடன் செவிமடுத்ததாலும், திருத்தந்தை கிரகோரி அவர்களால் பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்ட சில மாற்று நடவடிக்கைகளாலும், குறிப்பாக - பாகன் ஆலயங்களையும் அவர்களது சடங்குகளையும் இடிப்பதைத் தவிர்த்து அவற்றை கிறிஸ்தவ ஆலயங்களாக மாற்றவும், பாகனிய விழாக்களை நிறுத்துவதை விடுத்து, அவற்றை கிறிஸ்தவ விழாக்களாக கொண்டாடவும் ஆரம்பித்தனர். இதன் காரணங்களால், இங்கிலாந்து வந்து குறுகிய எட்டு வருடங்களிலேயே சிறிதளவேயானாலும் பெரும் வெற்றியை அடைந்தார். ஆகவே, அவரை இங்கிலாந்தின் அப்போஸ்தலர் என அழைப்பது சாலச் சிறந்ததுவேயாகும்.

கி.பி. 604ம் ஆண்டு மரித்த அகஸ்டின், “காண்டர்பரியிலுள்ள” புனித அகஸ்டின் துறவு மடத்தில் (St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury) அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார்.

Also known as

• Apostle to the Anglo-Saxons

• Apostle to the English

• Austin of Canterbury

Profile

Monk and abbot of Saint Andrew's abbey in Rome, Italy. Sent by Pope Saint Gregory the Great with 40 brother monks, including Saint Lawrence of Canterbury to evangelize the British Isles in 597. Before he reached the islands, terrifying tales of the Celts sent him back to Rome in fear, but Gregory told him he had no choice, and so he went. He established and spread the faith throughout England; one of his earliest converts was King AEthelberht who brought 10,000 of his people into the Church. Ordained as a bishop in Gaul (modern France) by the archbishop of Arles. First Archbishop of Canterbury, England. Helped re-establish contact between the Celtic and Latin churches, though he could not establish his desired uniformity of liturgy and practices between them. Worked with Saint Justus of Canterbury. Anglican Archbishops of Canterbury are still referred to as occupying the Chair of Augustine.

Born

at Rome, Italy

Died

• 26 May 605 in Canterbury, England of natural causes

• relics interred outside the church of Saints Peter and Paul, Canterbury, a building project he had started

Patronage

England

Saint Secundus of Troia

Additional Memorials

• 22 October (Gaeta and Calvi, Italy)

• 1 July (Mondragone, Italy)

• 7 December (Benevento, Italy)

• 30 April (Troia, Italy)

• 29 April (Montevergine, Italy)

• 1 September (Capua, Italy)

Profile

Immigrated to Italy from north Africa to escape persecution by Arian Vandals in the 3rd century. Bishop of Troia, Italy. Martyr.

Died

• late 3rd or early 4th century in southern Italy

• interred in the church of Saint Mark in Troia, Italy

• relics re-discovered during construction work in 1018

• some relics enshrined in the crypt of Saint William in Montevergine, Italy

• some relics enshrined in the cathedral of Benevento, Italy

• some relics enshrined in Troia, Italy

Patronage

Troia, Italy

Saint Julius the Veteran

Also known as

Julius of Dorostorum

Profile

Soldier in the imperial Roman army for 27 years, and the veteran of seven campaigns. Converted to Christianity somewhere along the way, but was a good enough soldier that it never mattered to anyone. During one of the organized persecutions, he was denounced by his brother soldiers. The examining prefect, Maximus, tried to bribe the veteran into denouncing his faith. Julius declined. Martyr.

Born

255

Died

beheaded in 302 at Dorostorum on the lower Danube River, an area in modern Bulgaria

Saint Liberius of Ancona

Also known as

Liverio, Oliviero

Profile

Fifth century cave hermit near Ancona, Italy known for his piety and wisdom.

Because his relics have been moved several times to different churches and placed next to other tombs, many legends have grown up around him or existing stories have been assigned to him, but these are later additions, and we know very little about him.

Died

• buried at the church of San Silvestro outside Ancona, Italy

• the church was later re-named San Liberius

• when the area of the church came under attack by pirates, the relics were moved to the church of San Lorezo in Ancona

• the church was San Lorenzo was later replaced by the cathedral of San Ciriaco

• relics were solemnly enshrined for public veneration in 1756

Saint Bruno of Würzburg

Profile

Son of Duke Conrad of Carinthia and the Baroness Matilda. Nephew of Pope Gregory V. Cousin to emperor Conrad II, and later a counselor to him. Great-nephew of Saint Bruno of Querfort. Younger than average when ordained. Bishop of Würzburg, Germany in 1033. Built the Cathedral of Saint Killian from his personal funds, and several parish churches in his diocese. Noted scholar and author, his best known work being a commentary on the Psalms. Peacemaker who ended the siege of Milan, Italy. Joined emperor Henry III on campaign against the Hungarians. Earned the popular title of Father of the poor through his charity.

Died

26 May 1045 in Persenberg (Bosenburg) (in modern Austria) when a building collapsed

Saint Melangell

Also known as

Monacella

Profile

Princess. Anchoress in Powys, Wales. One day Prince Brochwel of Powys was hunting and chased a hare. The animal ran to Melangell who shield it in her cloak. The prince was so moved by her courage and sanctity that he gave her the valley as a place of sanctuary. Melangell became abbess of a small religious community there. A church on the site continues today to host retreats.

Born

Irish

Died

• c.590 of natural causes

• her shrine is in Pennant Melangell, Wales

Patronage

hares

Representation

hare, rabbit

Saint Barbara Kim

Also known as

Bareubara Gim

Additional Memorial

20 September as one of the Martyrs of Korea

Profile

Married lay woman in the apostolic vicariate of Korea. Imprisoned and left to die for her faith. Martyr.

Born

1805 in Si-heung, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

Died

27 May 1839 in prison in Seoul, South Korea of plague

Canonized

6 May 1984 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Barbara Yi

Also known as

Bareubara Yi

Additional Memorial

20 September as one of the Martyrs of Korea

Profile

14 year old girl in the apostolic vicariate of Korea. Imprisoned and left to die for her faith. Martyr.

Born

1825 in Jeongpa, Seoul, South Korea

Died

27 May 1839 in prison in Seoul, South Korea of plague

Canonized

6 May 1984 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Richard Holiday

Additional Memorials

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.

Born

c.1565 in Yorkshire, England

Died

hanged on 27 May 1590 in Durham, County Durham, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Antanansio Bazzekuketta

Additional Memorial

3 June as one of the Martyrs of Uganda

Profile

Born to the Nkima clan. Convert. Martyred in the Mwangan persecutions.

Born

at Buganda, Uganda

Died

hacked to pieces on 27 May 1886 at Nakivubo, Uganda

Canonized

18 October 1964 by Pope Paul VI at Rome, Italy

Blessed John Hogg

Additional Memorials

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.

Born

c.1565 in Ugthorpe, North Yorkshire, England

Died

hanged on 27 May 1590 in Durham, County Durham, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Dionysius of Semur

Profile

Mercedarian professor of theology. In 1534 he made a journey to Algiers to ransom 109 Christians enslaved by Muslims. Along the way he preached Christianity, for which he was continually tormented and abused.

Born

c.1500 France

Died

mid-16th-century in the Mercedarian convent in Narbonne, France of natural causes

Blessed Richard Hill

Additional Memorials

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.

Born

c.1565 in Yorkshire, England

Died

hanged on 27 May 1590 in Durham, County Durham, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Edmund Duke

Additional Memorials

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.

Born

c.1563 in Kent, England

Died

hanged on 27 May 1590 in Durham, County Durham, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Gonzaga Gonza

Additional Memorial

3 June as one of the Martyrs of Uganda

Profile

Born to the Mpologoma clan. Convert. One of the Martyrs of Uganda who died in the Mwangan persecutions.

Born

at Busoga, Uganda

Died

beheaded on 27 May 1886 at Lubowa, Uganda

Canonized

18 October 1964 by Pope Paul VI at Rome, Italy

Saint Restituta of Sora

Also known as

• Restituta of Rome

• Restitutus...

Profile

Born to the nobility. During the persecutions of Aurelian, Restituta and several Christian companions fled to Sora, Italy, but they were caught and killed. Martyr.

Born

in Rome, Italy

Died

272 in Sora, Italy

Patronage

• diocese of Sora, Italy

• diocese of Sora-Aquino-Pontecorvo, Italy

Blessed Matthias of Nagasaki

Additional Memorial

10 September as one of the 205 Martyrs of Japan

Profile

Layman catechism in the archdiocese of Nagasaki, Japan. Martyr.

Born

c.1572 in Kazusagoko, Japan

Died

27 May 1620 in Nagasaki, Japan

Beatified

7 May 1867 by Pope Blessed Pius IX

Saint Eutropius of Orange

Profile

Born to the nobility and spent a wild and wasted youth. Married. Widower. Deacon in Marseilles, France. Bishop of Orange, France during a period of rebuilding following Visigoth raids. Letters from contemporaries speak highly of his learning and piety.

Born

Marseilles, France

Died

c.475

Blessed Gausberto of Montsalvy

Also known as

Gausbert

Profile

Priest. Hermit. Monk and then abbot at Montsalvy Abbey, Clermont-Ferrand, France. He helped turn the house in a hospice to assist pilgrims to holy sites.

Died

1079 of natural causes

Saint Frederick of Liège

Profile

Twelfth century bishop of Liège, Belgium. Known for repressing simony, nepotism, and the usurpation of Church authority by German imperial authorities.

Died

1172 of natural causes

Blessed James of Nocera

Profile

Monk at Santa Croce di' Fontavellana.

Born

at Nocera, Umbria, Italy

Died

1300 of natural causes

Saint Ranulf of Arras

Also known as

Ragnulf, Ranulphus

Profile

Father of Saint Hadulph. Martyr.

Died

700 in Thélus, France

Saint Evangelius of Alexandria

Also known as

Eucarius

Profile

Martyr.

Saint Acculus of Alexandria

Profile

Martyr.

Also celebrated but no entry yet

• Martyrs of Haarlem

• Martyrs of Tomi

• Basil of Georgia

• Cillin of Tehallan

• Julian of Jerusalem

• Pelbart of Temesvar

• Therapon of Belozersk

• Zacharias of Vienne

இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் மே 26

 St. Matthew Phuong

Feastday: May 26

Death: 1861

Canonized: Pope John Paul II

Martyr of Vietnam. A native, he became a catechist and an ardent Christian. Matthew was arrested by government officials for his faith. He was tortured and then beheaded. Pope John Paul II canonized him in 1988.

Vietnamese Martyrs (Vietnamese: Các Thánh Tử đạo Việt Nam; French: Martyrs du Viêt Nam) or Saint Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions (Vietnamese: Anrê Dũng-Lạc và các bạn tử đạo), also known as the Martyrs of Annam, Martyrs of Tonkin and Cochinchina, Martyrs of Indochina, are saints on the General Roman Calendar who were canonized by Pope John Paul II. On June 19, 1988, thousands of Overseas Vietnamese worldwide gathered at the Vatican for the Celebration of the Canonization of 117 Vietnamese Martyrs, an event chaired by Monsignor Tran Van Hoai.[2] Their memorial is on November 24 (although several of these saints have another memorial, having been beatified and on the calendar prior to the canonization of the group).

History

The Vatican estimates the number of Vietnamese martyrs at between 130,000 and 300,000.[3] John Paul II decided to canonize both those whose names are known and unknown, giving them a single feast day.

The Vietnamese Martyrs fall into several groupings, those of the Dominican and Jesuit missionary era of the 18th century and those killed in the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century. A representative sample of only 117 martyrs—including 96 Vietnamese, 11 Spanish Dominicans, and ten French members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society (Missions Etrangères de Paris (MEP))—were beatified on four separate occasions: 64 by Pope Leo XIII on May 27, 1900; eight by Pope Pius X on May 20, 1906; 20 by Pope Pius X on May 2, 1909; and 25 by Pope Pius XII on April 29, 1951.[citation needed] All 117 of these Vietnamese Martyrs were canonized on June 19, 1988.[4] A young Vietnamese Martyr, Andrew of Phú Yên, was beatified in March 2000, by Pope John Paul II.

Vietnamese martyrs Paul Mi, Pierre Duong, Pierre Truat, martyred on 18 December 1838

The tortures these individuals underwent are considered by the Vatican to be among the worst in the history of Christian martyrdom. The torturers hacked off limbs joint by joint, tore flesh with red hot tongs, and used drugs to enslave the minds of the victims. Christians at the time were branded on the face with the words "tả đạo" (左道, lit. "Left (Sinister) religion")[5] and families and villages which subscribed to Christianity were obliterated.[6]

The letters and example of Théophane Vénard inspired the young Saint Thérèse of Lisieux to volunteer for the Carmelite nunnery at Hanoi, though she ultimately contracted tuberculosis and could not go. In 1865 Vénard's body was transferred to his Congregation's church in Paris, but his head remains in Vietnam.[7]

There are several Catholic parishes in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere dedicated to the Martyrs of Vietnam (Holy Martyrs of Vietnam Parishes), one of which is located in Arlington, Texas, in the Dallas-Fort Worth area.[8] Others can be found in Houston and Austin, Texas,[9] Denver, Seattle, San Antonio,[10] Arlington, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; and Norcross, Georgia. There are also churches named after individual saints, such as St. Philippe Minh Church in Saint Boniface, Manitoba

Bl. Eva of Liege

Feastday: May 26

When Blessed Juliana was prioress of Mount Cornillon, one of her closest friends was a holy recluse, Eva, or Heva, of Liege, whom she inspired with her own enthusiastic purpose to obtain the institution of a feast in honor of the Blessed Sacrament. It was in Eva's cell near the church of St. Martin that Juliana found refuge when she was driven for the first time from Cornillon, and it was Eva who took up her mission after she died. The accession of Pope Urban IV raised her hopes, for he had formerly shown himself sympathetic when, as archdeacon James Pantaleon, he had been approached on the subject by Blessed Juliana. Eva's hopes were fulfilled. Not only did he institute the festival of Corpus Christi, but he sent to her the bull of authorization as well as a special office for the day St. Thomas Aquinas had compiled at his desire. The cultus of Blessed Eva was confirmed in 1902. Her feast day is May 26.

Juliana of Liège (also called Juliana of Mount-Cornillon), (c. 1192 or 1193 – 5 April 1258) was a medieval Norbertine canoness regular and mystic in what is now Belgium. Traditional scholarly sources have long recognized her as the promoter of the Feast of Corpus Christi, first celebrated in Liège in 1246, and later adopted for the Catholic Church in 1264. More recent scholarship includes manuscript analysis of the initial version of the Office, as found in The Hague, National Library of the Netherlands (KB 70.E.4) and a close reading of her Latin vita, a critical edition of which was published in French by the Belgian scholar, Jean-Pierre Delville.

Newer scholarly work notes the many references to her musical and liturgical performances. Modern women scholars recognize Juliana as the "author" of the initial version of the Latin Office, Animarum cibus, which takes its title from the beginning of its first antiphon.

Biography

Juliana and her twin sister Agnes were born in the village of Retinnes in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. They were orphaned at age five and placed in a newly founded hospice at Mont-Cornillon, right outside of Liège.[1] The canonry seems to have been established on the model of a double monastery, with both canons and canonesses, each living in their own wing of the monastery. The two girls were initially placed on a small farm next to the canonry. Juliana, after entering the Order at the age of 13,[2] worked for many years in its leprosarium. Agnes seems to have died young, as there is no further mention of her in the archives.

From her early youth, Juliana had great veneration for the Eucharist (as did many of the women of Liège) and longed for a special feast day in its honor. When Juliana was 16 she had her first vision which recurred subsequently several times. Her vision presented the moon in its full splendour, crossed diametrically by a dark stripe. In time she came to understand that the moon symbolized the life of the church on earth, the opaque line, on the other hand, represented the absence of a liturgical feast in honor of Christ's Body and Blood.[3] Not having any way to bring about such a feast, she kept her thoughts to herself, except for sharing them with an anchoress, Eve of Liège, who lived in a cell adjacent to the Basilica of St. Martin, and a few other trusted sisters in her monastery. Her vision is illustrated on the historiated initial letter of her vita as it appears in Paris, Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal (MS 945, fol. 2).

Around 1225, she was elected prioress of the double canonry and told her visions to her confessor,[4] Canon John of Lausanne (a secular canon of the collegiate chapter at Saint Martin Basilica). Canon John had many contacts among the distinguished French theologians and Dominican professors who had gathered in Liège. These included Robert de Thorete, the Bishop of Liège, Hugh of Saint-Cher, the Dominican Prior Provincial for France, and Jacques Pantaleon of Troyes, Archdeacon of Liège, who later became bishop of the Diocese of Verdun, then Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, and finally pope, ruling under the name Pope Urban IV. Canon John reportedly relayed Juliana's vision to these distinguished religious leaders. These theologians agreed unanimously that there was nothing in the devotion of the feast contrary to the Catholic faith and endorsed instituting it.

Upon receiving approbation from local religious authorities, Juliana set to work with Canon John, who was still a young man, and together they composed the initial version of the office, Animarum cibus. This early office can be found in the composite manuscript, The Hague, National Library of the Netherlands (KB 70.E.4). In 1246, Bishop Robert instituted the first feast of Christ's Body and Blood for his own diocese. He died later that same year, however, and never saw it completed, though the feast was celebrated by the canons of St. Martin.

Juliana's life was filled with tumult, largely as a consequence of the religious and political controversies rampant in Liège: an emerging urban middle class demanding new rights, political rivalries between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines, and internecine quarrels among the lower nobility in Flanders. These conflicts created a context ripe for this type of movement. When Juliana became prioress of the canonry, she re-instated strict Augustinian rules. In 1240, the canonry and adjacent leprosarium came under the supervision of a man named Roger, a vicious man who had gained the position through simony and intrigue. He immediately disliked both Juliana and her reproaches, and incited the citizenry against her,[5] accusing her of diverting and stealing the hospital's funds. She fled to the anchorhold of her friend, Dame Eve, and was then received into Canon John's house, adjacent to the basilica. With the help of Robert of Thourotte, the Bishop of Liège, Juliana was vindicated and restored to her former position in the canonry. Roger was deposed. In 1247, however, upon the death of Bishop Robert, Roger once again regained control of Mont Cornillon under the new bishop, Henry de Gueldre, and Juliana was again driven out. These events in Juliana's biography, to a certain extent, point to the larger historical backdrop of rivalry over the vacated bishopric, amplified by the excommunication of Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV.

Thereafter Juliana found refuge in the Cistercian monasteries at Robermont, Val-Benoit, and Val-Notre-Dame, and then among the poor Beguines. Aided by Abbess Imene, who was the sister of Archbishop Conrad of Cologne, Juliana took up residence at the Cistercian Abbey of Salzinnes, and finally Fosses-la-Ville, in the County of Namur, where she lived in seclusion until her death. On her deathbed she asked for her confessor, John of Lausanne, supposedly to reveal to him long hidden secrets. But neither he nor any of her friends from Liege arrived.[6] Upon her death, based on her wishes, her friend, the Cistercian monk Gobert d'Aspremont, moved her body to Villers Abbey. On the following Sunday her remains were moved to the section of the cemetery reserved for saints. Although her cult developed immediately, it did not receive official recognition until 1869 under Pope Pius IX.

Veneration

In 1261, the Archdeacon Pantaleon was elected Pope, and took the name Pope Urban IV. In 1264, Urban IV instituted the Solemnity of Corpus Christi on the Thursday after Pentecost as a feast for the entire Latin Church, by the papal bull Transiturus de hoc mundo.[3] He commissioned his chief theologian, Thomas Aquinas, to compose an office for the Feast of Corpus Christi. Thomas composed two versions, with considerable textual overlap: Sapiencia edificavit (no Latin misspelling here) and then Sacerdos in eternum. The inter-textual study of these Offices has been the topic of considerable research, with most scholars concluding that they represent "draft" and final versions of the work of Thomas. Pope Urban recorded the initial celebration in letters to the various clergy, but also sent a copy to Juliana's friend, Dame the recluse Eve of Saint Martin at St. Martin Basilica. She is thought by contemporary scholars to have composed the initial version of Juliana's vita in French and thus stands, alongside Juliana, as among the first women authors of medieval Europe.

The first formal theological statement of the doctrine of transubstantiation can be found in the homily by Thomas in the Sacerdos in eternum version as found in BNF 1143 (a musical manuscript devoted entirely to the office). Scholars have also noted the movement from doctrinal to biblical versions in the Office texts. And, stylistically, Juliana's version sets known texts to new music; the Aquinas version rearranges biblical quotations to known chants, thus creating contrafacta. In 1264 Pope Urban IV issued the papal bull Transiturus in which the Feast of Corpus Christi, i.e., the feast of the Body of Christ was declared a feast throughout the entire Latin Rite.[7] This was the very first papally sanctioned universal feast in the history of the Latin Rite.[8] The feast is traditionally celebrated on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday, but in the liturgical reforms of 1969, under Pope Paul VI, the bishops of every nation have the option to transfer it to the following Sunday.

Juliana was canonized in 1869 by Pope Pius IX and further celebrated by Pope John Paul II, who wrote a letter mentioning her on the 750th anniversary of the Feast of Corpus Christi. Her feast day is the 6 April.

Saint Philip Neri

புனித ஃபிலிப் நேரி 

ஒப்புரவாளர்; நிறுவனர்:

பிறப்பு: ஜூலை 22, 1515

ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ், ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் குடியரசு

இறப்பு: மே 25, 1595 (வயது 79)

ரோம், திருத்தந்தையர் மாநிலம்

ஏற்கும் சமயம் : 

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: மே 11, 1615

திருத்தந்தை ஐந்தாம் பவுல்

புனிதர் பட்டம்: மார்ச் 12, 1622

திருத்தந்தை 15ம் கிரகோரி

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: மே 26

சித்தரிக்கப்படும் வகை: 

லீலி மலர்; குருத்துவ உடை; பற்றியெரியும் இருதயம்

பாதுகாவல்: 

ரோம், “மண்டலுயோங்” (Mandaluyong), அமெரிக்க சிறப்பு படைகள், “தலைமை குரு – கிறிஸ்து அரசர் கல்வி நிலையம்” (Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest), “பிக்ஸோன் கிராமம்” (Piczon Vill), ‘கேட்பலகொன்” (Catbalogan), சிரிப்பு, நகைச்சுவை, மகிழ்ச்சி

புனிதர் ஃபிலிப் நேரி, கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் குருவும், புனிதர்கள் பேதுரு மற்றும் பவுல் (Saints Peter and Paul) ஆகியோருக்குப் பிறகு "ரோம் நகரின் மூன்றாம் திருத்தூதர்" (Third Apostle of Rome) என்னும் சிறப்புப் பெயர் கொண்டவரும், மறைமாவட்ட குருக்களுக்கான "இறைவேண்டல் சபை" (Congregation of the Oratory) என்றொரு அமைப்பை நிறுவியவரும் ஆவார்.

இளமைப் பருவம்:

ஃபிலிப் நேரி, இத்தாலியின் ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் நகரில் 1515ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 22ம் நாளன்று, பிறந்தார். வழக்குரைஞரான “ஃபிரான்செஸ்கோ நேரி” (Francesco di Neri) என்பவருக்கும் அவருடைய மனைவி “லூக்ரேசியா தா மோஷியானோ” (Lucrezia da Mosciano) என்பவருக்கும் கடைசிக் குழந்தையாக அவர் பிறந்தார். அவருடைய பெற்றோர் அரசுப் பணி சேர்ந்த மேல்குடி மக்கள்.

சிறு பருவத்தில் ஃபிலிப் நேரி ஃப்ளாரன்ஸ் நகரில் “சான் மார்கோ” (San Marco) என்ற இடத்திலுள்ள புகழ் பெற்ற “டோமினிக்கன் துறவு மடத்தில்” (Dominican monastery) கல்வி பயின்றார். அவருக்குப் பதினெட்டு வயது ஆனபோது அவருடைய பெற்றோர் ஃபிலிப்பின் மாமனாகிய ரோமோலோ (Romolo) என்பவரிடம் அனுப்பினார்கள். ரோமோலோ நேப்பிள்ஸ் நகருக்கு அருகே “சான் ஜெர்மானோ” (San Germano) என்னும் நகரில் பெரிய வணிகராக இருந்தார். ஃபிலிப் தம் மாமனாரிடமிருந்து வணிகக் கலையைக் கற்றுத் தேர்ச்சிபெற்று, அவருடைய சொத்துக்கு உரிமையாளர் ஆவார் என்று எதிர்பார்க்கப்பட்டது.

ரோமுலோவின் அன்பும் மதிப்பும் பிலிப்புக்கு கிடைத்தாலும், அவருக்கு இவ்வுலக சொத்துக்களில் ஆர்வம் இருக்கவில்லை. எனவே அவர் தனது 26ம் வயதில் வணிகத் தொழிலை விட்டுவிட்டு, தமது ஆன்மீக நலனைக் குறித்தும் மற்றவர்களின் ஆன்மீக ஈடேற்றத்தை முன்னிட்டும் 1533ம் ஆண்டு ரோம் நகருக்குச் சென்றார்.

ரோமில் ஆற்றிய பணி:

ரோம் நகருக்கு வந்த ஃபிலிப் நேரி, முதலில் உயர்குடியைச் சேர்ந்த கலேயோட்டோ காச்சியா (Galeotto Caccia) என்பவரின் வீட்டில் தனிப்பயிற்சி ஆசிரியராகப் பொறுப்பேற்றார். இரண்டு ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பின் மூன்றாண்டு காலமாக அவர் அகுஸ்தீன் (Augustinians) சபைத் துறவியரின் கீழ் கல்வி பயின்றார்.

அதன்பின், அவர் ரோம் நகரில் ஏழைமக்கள் மற்றும் நோயுற்றோர் நடுவே பணிபுரிந்தார். அதன் காரணமாக மக்கள் அவரை "ரோம் நகரின் திருத்தூதர்" (Apostle of Rome) என்று அழைக்கலாயினர். அதே சமயம் அவர் சமுதாயத்தால் ஒதுக்கி வைக்கப்பட்ட பாலியல் தொழிலாளரின் நலனைக் கருத்தில் கொண்டு அவர்களிடையேயும் பணிபுரிந்தார்.

1538ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து ஃபிலிப் நேரி ரோம் நகரின் எல்லாப் பகுதிகளுக்கும் சென்று, மக்களை நேரடியாக சந்தித்து, உரையாடி, அவர்களைக் கடவுள் பற்றியும் ஒழுக்க நெறி பற்றியும் சிந்திக்கத் தூண்டினார்.

மூவொரு கடவுள் குழு உருவாக்கம்:

1548ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபிலிப் நேரி “பெர்ஸியானோ ரோஸ்ஸா” (Persiano Rossa) என்னும் குருவோடு இணைந்து "திருப்பயணிகள் மற்றும் நோயுற்று குணமானோருக்கான மகா பரிசுத்த திரித்துவத்தின் குழு" (Confraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents) என்றொரு இயக்கத்தைத் தொடங்கினார். அக்குழுவின் நோக்கங்கள் இவை: ரோம் நகருக்குத் திருப்பயணமாக வரும் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான மக்களுக்கு பணிபுரிவது; மருத்துவ மனைகளிலிருந்து வெளியேறியும் வேலை செய்யத் திறனற்ற நிலையிலிருந்தோரின் துயரம் போக்குதல்.

அக்குழுவைச் சார்ந்தவர்கள் ரோமில் “சான் சால்வட்டோர் இன் காம்போ” (Church of San Salvatore in Campo) என்னும் கோவிலில் கூடி இறைவேண்டல் செய்தனர்; 40 மணி நற்கருணை ஆராதனை செய்தனர். இந்த பக்தி முயற்சியை முதன்முதலாக ரோமில் அறிமுகம் செய்தவர் ஃபிலிப் நேரிதான்.

இறைவேண்டல் சபை உருவாக்குதல்:

ஃபிலிப் நேரி 1551ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 23ம் நாள், குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார். அதற்குமுன் அவர் கீழ்நிலைப் பட்டங்களையும், திருத்தொண்டர் பட்டத்தையும் பெற்றிருந்தார்.

குருவாகத் அருட்பொழிவு பெற்ற ஃபிலிப் நேரிக்கு இந்தியா சென்று அங்கு கிறிஸ்தவ மறையை அறிவிக்க வேண்டும் என்னும் பேரவா இருந்தது. ஆனால் அவருடைய நண்பர்கள் அவரிடம், கிறிஸ்தவத்தை அறிவிக்க இந்தியா போக வேண்டிய தேவையில்லை, ரோம் நகரிலேயே அவருக்கு போதுமான வேலை இருக்கிறது என்று கூறியதைத் தொடர்ந்து, அவர் ரோமிலேயே தமது பணியைத் தொடர்ந்தார்.

1556ம் ஆண்டு, ஃபிலிப் நேரி ஒருசில பணித் தோழர்களோடு புனித ஜெரோம் கோவிலில் ஒரு சிறு குழுவைத் தொடங்கினார். அதுவே பின்னர் "இறைவேண்டல் குழு" (Congregation of the Oratory) என்னும் பெயர் கொண்ட சபையாக மலர்ந்தது. தொடக்கத்தில் குழுவினர் மாலை வேளைகளில் கூடிவந்து, இறைவேண்டல் செய்வதிலும், திருப்பாக்கள் பாடுவதிலும், விவிலியம், திருச்சபைத் தந்தையர்களின் நூல்கள் மற்றும் மறைச்சாட்சியர் வரலாறு ஆகிய ஏடுகளிலிருந்து வாசிப்பதிலும் ஈடுபட்டனர். பின்னர் மறை சார்ந்த உரை நிகழ்த்தப்படும். தொடர்ந்து மறை சார்ந்த பொருள்கள் விவாதிக்கப்படும்.

இறைவேண்டல் குழுவினர் கூடியபோது விவிலியம் விளக்குகின்ற மீட்பு வரலாற்றிலிருந்து சில காட்சிகள் இசையாக வழங்கப்பட்டன. இதிலிருந்தே "Oratorio" என்னும் இசைப் பாணி தோன்றியது. அக்குழுவினர் ரோம் நகரின் எல்லாப் பகுதிகளுக்கும் சென்று அங்குள்ள கோவில்களில் ஒவ்வொரு மாலை வேளையிலும் மறையுரை ஆற்றினர். இது முற்றிலும் புதியதொரு முயற்சியாக அமைந்தது.

ஃபிலிப் நேரி பல கோவில்களில் ஒப்புரவு அருட்சாதனம் வழங்கினார். இவ்வாறு, பல மக்களைக் கடவுள்பால் ஈர்த்து, அவர்களை மறை நம்பிக்கையில் வளரச் செய்தார்.

பணி விரிவாக்கம்:

ரோமில் குடியேறியிருந்த ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் நகர் மக்கள் 1564ல், தம் மண்ணின் மைந்தரான ஃபிலிப் நேரி புதிதாகக் கட்டப்பட்ட தங்கள் கோவிலாகிய "ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் நகரத்தாரின் புனித யோவான்" (San Giovanni dei Fiorentini) ஆலயம் வந்து பணிபுரிய வேண்டும் என்று விரும்பி வேண்டினர். நேரி அவ்வேண்டுகோளை ஏற்கத் தயங்கினார். ஆனால், திருத்தந்தை நான்காம் பயசின் இசைவோடு அப்பணியை ஏற்றார். ஆயினும் தொடக்கத்தில் இருந்த புனித ஜெரோம் கோவிலில்தான் அவருடைய சபை இருந்தது.

1574ம் ஆண்டு, ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் மக்கள் தம் கோவிலை அடுத்து ஒரு பெரும் நீளறை (Oratory) கட்டியெழுப்பி, அதை ஃபிலிப் நேரியின் சபையின் பயன்பாட்டுக்கு அளித்தார்கள். எனவே சபையின் தலைமையிடம் அங்கு மாற்றப்பட்டது. சபை வளர்ந்து, அதன் பணிகளும் விரிவடைந்தன. எனவே புதியதொரு கோவில் தேவைப்பட்டது. சாந்தா மரியா இன் வால்லிச்செல்லா என்னும் ஒரு சிறு கோவில் ஃபிலிப் நேரிக்கு அளிக்கப்பட்டது. அக்கோவில் ரோம் நகரின் மையத்தில் அமைந்தது.

ஆயினும் அக்கோவில் மிகச் சிறியதாக இருந்ததால் பெரிய அளவில் ஒரு புதுக்கோவில் அவ்விடத்தில் கட்டப்பட்டது. அக்கோவிலின் பொறுப்பை ஏற்றதும் 1575ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 15ம் நாள், திருத்தந்தை கொடுத்த ஆணையேட்டின்படி, ஃபிலிப் நேரி "இறைவேண்டல் குழு" (Congregation of the Oratory) என்னும் சபையை அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக அமைத்தார். அதன் உறுப்பினர் மறைமாவட்ட குருக்கள் ஆவர்.

புதிய கோவில் 1557ம் ஆண்டு அர்ச்சிக்கப்பட்டது. இறைவேண்டல் குழுக் குருக்கள் ஃப்ளோரன்ஸ் கோவிலின் பொறுப்பைத் துறந்தனர். ஃபிலிப் நேரி 1583ம் ஆண்டு வரையிலும் புனித ஜெரோம் கோவிலிலேயே இருந்தார். சபைத் தலைவரான அவர் சபையின் தலைமையிடத்தில் தங்கி இருப்பதே முறை என்று திருத்தந்தை ஆணை பிறப்பித்த பின்னரே ஃபிலிப் நேரி புதிய தலைமையிடம் சென்று தங்கினார். முதலில் அவர் மூன்று ஆண்டு பணிப்பொறுப்பு ஏற்றார். பின்னர் சபையினர் 1587ம் ஆண்டு, அவரை வாழ்நாள் முழுதும் தலைவராக இருக்கக் கேட்டுக்கொண்டனர்.

ஆனால் ஃபிலிப் நேரி சபை முழுவதற்கும் தாமே தலைவராக இருக்கவேண்டும் என்று கருதவில்லை. எனவே, ரோமுக்கு வெளியே நிறுவப்பட்ட சபை இல்லங்கள் தன்னாட்சி கொண்டு செயல்படும் என்று அறிவித்தார். அந்த இல்லங்கள் வேறு இல்லங்களை நிறுவினால் அவையும் தனித்து செயல்படும் என்று வழிவகுத்தார். இந்த முறை திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் கிரகோரியால் 1622ம் ஆண்டு ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்டது.

அரசியல் செயல்பாடு:

ஃபிலிப் நேரி தம் காலத்தில் வழக்கமாக அரசியலில் நேரடியாக ஈடுபடவில்லை. ஒருமுறை மட்டும் அவர் அரசியலில் தலையிட்டார். 1593ம் ஆண்டு நடந்த ஒரு நிகழ்ச்சியில் அது வெளிப்பட்டது. ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டு மன்னன் நான்காம் ஹென்றி (Henry IV of France ) கத்தோலிக்க சமயத்தைக் கைவிட்டு கால்வின் (Calvinism) சபையை ஆதரிக்கத் தொடங்கினார். எனவே திருத்தந்தை எட்டாம் கிளமெண்ட் (Pope Clement VIII) மன்னனை சபைநீக்கம் செய்தார். மன்னனின் தூதுவரை ஏற்க மறுத்தார். மன்னன் தான் தவறுசெய்ததை ஏற்றுக்கொண்ட பிறகும் திருத்தந்தை தண்டனையை அகற்ற முன்வரவில்லை. திருத்தந்தை பிடிவாதமாக இருந்தால் மன்னன் மீண்டும் கத்தோலிக்க சபையை விட்டு அகன்றுபோகும் இடர் இருந்ததை ஃபிலிப் நேரி உணர்ந்தார். அதோடு ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டில் உள்நாட்டுப் போர் எழும் ஆபத்தும் இருந்தது.

உடனே, ஃபிலிப் நேரி தம் குழுவைச் சார்ந்தவரும் திருத்தந்தைக்கு ஆன்ம ஆலோசகராகவும் இருந்த பரோனியுஸ் என்பவரை அழைத்து, திருத்தந்தை மன்னனுக்கு எதிரான தண்டனையை விலக்கிக் கொள்ளாவிட்டால் அவருக்குப் பாவமன்னிப்பு அளிக்க வேண்டாம் என்றும், ஆன்ம ஆலோசகர் பதவியைத் துறந்துவிட வேண்டும் என்றும் பணித்தார். உடனடியாக திருத்தந்தை, கர்தினால்மார்களின் ஆலோசனைக் குழுவுக்கும் எதிராகச் சென்று, பிலிப்பு நேரியின் கருத்தை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார்.

இவ்வாறு தமக்கு சார்பாக ஃபிலிப் நேரி துணிச்சலோடு செயல்பட்டதை மன்னன் ஹென்றி பல ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பின்னரே அறிந்தார். சாதுரியமாகச் செயல்பட்ட ஃபிலிப் நேரிக்கு மன்னன் தமது உளமார்ந்த நன்றியைத் தெரிவித்துக்கொண்டார்.

தாம் உருவாக்கிய இறைவேண்டல் குழுவின் தலைமைப் பதவியை ஃபிலிப் நேரி தாம் இறக்கும்வரை வகித்தார். அவருக்குப் பின் பரோனியுஸ் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பை ஏற்றார்.

இறப்பும் வணக்கமும்:

ஃபிலிப் நேரி 1595ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 25ம் நாள், தமது எண்பதாவது வயதில் இறந்தார். அன்று நற்கருணைத் திருநாள் (Feast of Corpus Christi). நாள் முழுதும் அவர் ஒப்புரவு அருட்சாதனம் வழங்கினார். தம்மைக் காணவந்தவர்களைப் பார்த்து உரையாடினார். ஏறக்குறைய நள்ளிரவில் ஃபிலிப் நேரிக்கு இரத்தக்கசிவு ஏற்பட்டது. பரோனியஸ் (Baronius) இறுதி மன்றாட்டுகளை செபித்தார். தம் குழு உறுப்பினரை ஆசிர்வதிக்க வேண்டும் என்று பரோனியஸ் கேட்டார். பேசும் திறனை இழந்துவிட்ட ஃபிலிப் நேரி கை சைகையால் சிலுவை அடையாளம் வரைந்து ஆசிர் வழங்கினார். அவரது உயிர் பிரிந்தது.

Also known as

• Amabile Santo

• Apostle of Rome

• Philip Romolo Neri

Profile

Though he was related to Italian nobility, Philip came from a poor family. His father, Francisco Neri, worked as a notary. Philip's brother died in childhood, but his two sisters, Caterina and Elisabetta survived. Known as a pius youth, Philip was taught humanities by the Dominicans.

The family moved to San Germano in 1533 to help some relatives with their business, and while there Philip would escape to a local Dominican chapel in the mountains. Having received a vision that he had an apostolate in Rome, Philip cut himself off from his family, and went there.

He was befriended by Galeotto Caccia who took Philip in and paid him to tutor his two sons. Wrote poetry in Latin and Italian. He studied philosophy and theology, and when he tired of learning, he sold all his books and gave the money to the poor.

Philip began to visit and care for the sick, and impoverished pilgrims, and founded a society of like-minded folk to do the same. He became a friend of Saint Ignatius of Loyola. A layman, he lived in the city as a hermit. During Easter season of 1544, while praying in the catacomb of San Sebastiano, he received a vision of a globe of fire that entered his chest, and he experienced an ecstasy that physically enlarged his heart.

With Persiano Rose, he founded the Confraternity of the Most Holy Trinity. He began to preach, with many converts. In 1550 he considered retiring to the life of a solitary hermit, but received further visions that told him his mission was in Rome. Later he considered missionary work in India, but further visions convinced him to stay in Rome.

He entered the priesthood in 1551. Father Philip heard confessions by the hour, could tell penitents their sins before they confessed, and had the gift of conferring visions. He began working with youth, finding safe places for them to play, becoming involved in their lives.

Pope Gregory XIV tried to make him a cardinal, but Philip declined. His popularity was such that he was accused of forming his own sect, but was cleared of this baseless charge. In 1575 he founded the Congregation of the Oratory (Oratorians, a group of priests dedicated to preaching and teaching, but which suffered from accusations of heresy because of the involvement of laymen as preachers. In later years he was beset by several illnesses, each of which was in turn cured through prayer.

Born

22 July 1515 at Florence, Italy

Died

27 May 1595 at the church of San Maria in Vallicella, Italy of natural causes

Canonized

12 March 1622 by Pope Gregory XV

Patronage

• Gravina, Italy

• Rome, Italy

• archdiocese of Manfredonia-Vieste-San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy

• United States Army Special Forces

Saint Mary Ann de Paredes

Also known as

• Lily of Quito

• Mariana de Paredes y Flores

• Mariana de Paredes

• Mariana of Jesus

• Mariana of Quito

• Mary-Ann de Paredes

Profile

Daughter of Don Girolamo Flores Zenel de Paredes, a nobleman of Toledo, and Doña Mariana Cranobles de Xaramilo; her birth was accompanied by unusual celestial phenomena. Orphaned very young, she was raised by her older sister and her husband. Mary Ann was a pious child with a devotion to Mary. She was miraculously saved from death several times.

Attracted to religious life at an early age, at ten she made vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. She initially wanted to be a Dominican nun, but instead became a hermit in home of her sister. Her life changed at that point, and except to attend church, she never left the house again. Given to severe austerities, she slept little, and ate an ounce of dry bread every eight or ten days, surviving solely on the Eucharist which she received during daily Communion. Given to ecstacies; had gifts of prophecy, remote viewing, reading of hearts, healing by making the Sign of the Cross or sprinkling with holy water, and at least once restored a dead person to life.

During a series of earthquakes in 1645, and inevitable epidemics that followed them, in Quito, Ecuador she publicly offered herself as a victim for the city and died shortly after. Immediately after her death there blossomed a pure white lily from her blood. The Republic of Ecuador has declared her a national heroine.

Born

31 October 1618 at Quito, Ecuador

Died

26 May 1645 at Quito, Ecuador

Canonized

9 July 1950 by Pope Pius XII

Patronage

• against bodily ills or sickness; sick people

• against the loss of parents

• people rejected by religious orders

• Americas

Blessed Mathieu-Henri Planchat

Also known as

Enrico Planchat

Profile

While studying theology in Paris, France, Mathieu-Henri joined the Religious of Saint Vincent de Paul, worked with its founder, Venerable Jean-Léon Le Prevost, and spent much of his non-study time ministering to the poor. Ordained a priest on 21 December 1850. On 24 December 1850, he joined the Vincentian Institute, and became its first priest, all other members being religious brothers. He worked for the material and spiritual good of families, young people, soldiers and his religious brothers. He urged Eucharistic Adoration and frequent Communion to the people. Martyred in the persecutions of the Paris Commune.

Born

8 November 1823 in La-Roche-sur-Yon, Vendée, France

Died

shot on 26 May 1871 in Paris, France

Venerated

25 November 2021 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)

Our Lady of Caravaggio

Also known as

Nostra Signora di Caravaggio

Profile

Title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary who appeared in an apparition on 26 May 1432 in the countryside outside Caravaggio, Lombardy, Italy. Giannetta de' Vacchi Varoli was cutting hay in a field when the Virgin appeared. Mary requested penance from and a chapel built by the locals. A new spring of healing water appeared in the hay field. The apparition anniversary became a day of pilgrimage to the shrine of Santa Maria del Fonte built at the site, and devotion to the Madonna of Caravaggio spread through the region and eventually around the world.

In 1879, Italians from Lombardy built a chapel for their settlement in southern Brazil. As it was the only sacred art that any of them possessed, they dedicated the chapel to the Madonna di Caravaggio. Today the shrine hosts over a million pilgrims annually.

Patronage

diocese of Cremona, Italy

Blessed Francis Patrizzi

Also known as

• Francis Patrizi

• Francis Patrizi of Siena

• Francesco of Siena

Profile

Converted to an active faith after hearing the preaching of Blessed Ambrose Sansedoni. He felt drawn to religious life, and joined the Servites, received into the order by Saint Philip Benizi. Noted for his personal holiness, and his skill has a mediator.

Born

1266 in Siena, Italy

Died

• 26 May 1328 in Siena, Italy of natural causes

• interred in the church of Santa Maria dei Servi in Siena

Beatified

11 September 1743 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmation)

Patronage

for reconciliation

Representation

• Servite with a lily growing out of his mouth

• Servite holding a lily and a book

Blessed Andrea Franchi

Profile

Studied at the Dominican convent of Santa Maria Novella in Pistoia, Italy as a boy, and joined the Dominicans there at age 14. Great preacher and evangelist. Prior of the Dominican houses in Pistoia, Lucca and Orvieto in Italy. Bishop of Pistoia, Italy in 1382; his ministry to the poor and sick led to his title of Father of the Poor. Miracle worker, including ending an epidemic of the Black Death. After 18 years of service, ill health forced him to retire from his see and return to life as a prayerful monk at the monastery in Pistoia.

Born

1335 in Pistoia, Italy

Died

• 26 May 1401 in Pistoia, Italy of natural causes

• buried in the church of San Domenico in Pistoia

• body found incorrupt when his tomb was opened in 1613

Beatified

21 November 1921 by Pope Benedict XV (cultus confirmation)

Blessed Lambert Péloguin of Vence

Profile

His mother died in childbirth. Raised by the Benedictine monks of Lérins Abbey from age 12, Lambert entered the Order at age 14. Reluctant bishop of Vence, France in 1114; he did not want to give up his life in the monastery, but accepted and served for 40 years. He built hospitals, supported widows and orphans, and would routinely retire to a small forest hermitage for periods of silence and prayer. He was a man of such obvious piety, honesty and charity that civil authorities would submit matters to him for arbitration without further appeal.

Born

1084 at Bauduen, France

Died

• 1154 at Vence, France of natural causes

• relics at Vence

Blessed Jean-Marie Rouchouze

Also known as

• Father Marcellin

• Marcellino

• John Mary Rouchouze

Profile

A member of the Picpus Fathers, making his professon to the Servant of God Marie Joseph Coudrin, the founder of the Fathers, on 2 February 1837. Jean-Marie taught Latin, mathematics and philosophy in Congregation schools in Belgium. Reluctantly ordained to the priesthood on 5 June 1852. Secretary-General of the Fathers in Paris, France. Martyred in the persecutions of the French Commune.

Born

14 December 1810 in Saint-Julien-en-Jarez, Loire, France

Died

shot on 26 May 1871 in Paris, France

Venerated

25 November 2021 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)

Blessed Jean-Pierre-Eugène Tardieu

Also known as

• Father Frézal

• Frézal Tardieu

• Giovanni Pietro Eugenio

Profile

A member of the Picpus Fathers, making his profession on 6 April 1839. Ordained a priest in 1840, he served as novice master in places in France and Belgium. General Councilor of the Fathers in Paris, France where he also taught theology, and was noted for his charity. Martyred in the persecutions of the French Commune.

Born

18 November 1814 in Chasseradès, Lozère, France

Died

shot on 26 May 1871 in Paris, France

Venerated

25 November 2021 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)

Blessed Jules Tuffier

Also known as

• Father Polycarpe

• Polycarpo

• Giulio Tuffier

Profile

After studying at the college of the Picpus Fathers, Jules joined the congregation, making his profession on 14 May 1823. Ordained a priest in 1830, he served as a parish priest, chaplain to convents, and superior of teaching Fathers at several colleges. Procurator and General Councilor of the Fathers. He was known for the depth of his preaching. Martyred in the persecutions of the French Commune.

Born

16 March 1807 in Malzieu, Lozère, France

Died

shot on 26 May 1871 in Paris, France

Venerated

25 November 2021 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)

Saint Pere Sans Jordà

Also known as

Pedro Sanz

Additional Memorial

28 September as one of the Martyrs of China

Profile

Joined the Dominicans in 1697. Ordained on 24 September 1704. Missionary to the Philippines in 1712. Missionary to China in 1713. Co-adjutor vicar apostolic of Fo-Kien, China on 29 January 1728. Bishop co-adjutor and titular bishop of Mauricastro on 24 February 1730. Vicar apostolic of Fujian on 3 January 1732. Imprisoned for his faith and his work in 1746.

Born

3 September 1680 in Ascó, Tarragona, Spain

Died

beheaded on 26 May 1747 in Fuzhou, Fujian, China

Canonized

1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Armand Radigue

Also known as

• Father Ladislas

• Ladislao Radigue

• Armando Pietro Pietro

Profile

Armand joined the Picpus Fathers on 7 March 1845. He was ordained a priest on 22 April 1848, and served the Fathers as novice master for 20 years. Chosen Vicar-General of the Fathers in 1868, and then superior of the Picpus mother house in Paris, France. Martyred in the persecutions of the Paris Commune.

Born

8 May 1823 in Saint-Patrice-du-Désert, Orne, France

Died

shot on 26 May 1871 in Paris, France

Venerated

25 November 2021 by Pope Francis (decree of martyrdom)

Saint Iosephus Chang Song-Jib

Also known as

• Joseph Chang Song-jib

• Giuseppe Chang Song-jib

• Yosep Jang Seong-jib

Additional Memorial

20 September as one of the Martyrs of Korea

Profile

Married layman in the apostolic vicariate of Korea. Pharmacist. Convert. Imprisoned, tortured and left to die in prison for his faith. Martyr.

Born

1786 in Seoul, South Korea

Died

27 May 1839 in Seoul Prison, South Korea

Canonized

6 May 1984 by Pope John Paul II

Saint Gioan Doàn Trinh Hoan

Also known as

John Hoan

Additional Memorial

24 November as one of the Martyrs of Vietnam

Profile

Priest in the apostolic vicariate of North Cochinchina (in modern Vietnam) who worked to evanglize his countrymen. Martyred in the persecutions of Emperor Tu-Duc.

Born

c.1798 at Kim-Long, Thùa Thiên, Vietnam

Died

beheaded on 26 May 1861 near Dong Hoi, Quang Bình, Vietnam

Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Pope Saint Eleuterus

Also known as

Eleuterius, Eleutherius, Eleutheros

Profile

Son of Habundius. Deacon under Pope Anicetus and Pope Saint Soter. Chosen 13th Pope c.174. Declared opposition to Gnostics and the Montanists. Sent Fugatius and Damjan to convert the Britons. Abolished some Jewish dietary customs for Christians. Martyr.

Born

at Nicopolis, Epirus, Greece

Papal Ascension

c.174

Died

• 24 May 189 in Rome, Italy

• buried in the Vatican near Saint Peter the Apostle

Saint Quadratus the Apologist

Also known as

• Disciple of the Apostles

• Quadratus of Athens

Profile

Bishop of Athens, Greece; his background in Greek literature helped him become quickly accepted even by the pagans in his diocese. First person to write an apology for Christianity, addressed to Emperor Hadrian c.124. He is quoted in works by Saint Eusebius and Saint Jerome, and he is mentioned in early martyrologies.

Died

2nd century

Saint Ponsiano Ngondwe

Also known as

Pontian Ngondwe

Memorial

3 June as one of the Martyrs of Uganda

Profile

Born to the Nnyonyi Nnyange clan. Soldier. Convert. One of the Martyrs of Uganda who died in the Mwangan persecutions.

Born

at Buganda, Uganda

Died

beheaded and dismembered on 26 May 1886 at Ttakajjunge, Uganda

Canonized

18 October 1964 by Pope Paul VI at Rome, Italy

Saint Desiderius of Vienne

Also known as

Didier

Profile

Educated in Vienne, France and a noted classics scholar, he became an Archdeacon and then Bishop of Vienne. Exiled and deposed for his defense of orthodox Christianity, he returned only to be assassinated. Martyr.

Born

Autun, France

Died

• 608 at Saint-Didier-sur-Chalaronne, France

• relics enshrined in Vienne, France

Saint Anderea Kaggwa

Also known as

Andreas, Andrew

Additional Memorial

3 June as one of the Martyrs of Uganda

Profile

Convert, joining the Church in 1881. One of the Martyrs of Uganda who died in the Mwangan persecutions.

Born

at Bunyoro, Uganda

Died

beheaded in 26 May 1886 at Munyonyo, Uganda

Canonized

18 October 1964 by Pope Paul VI at Rome, Italy

Blessed Berengar of Saint-Papoul

Also known as

Berenger, Berencardus, Berengary

Profile

Benedictine monk at the monastery of Saint-Papoul, Toulouse, France. A model of the monastic life, and miracle worker.

Died

26 May 1093 of natural causes

Saint Fugatius the Missionary

Also known as

Phaganu, Fagan, Ffager, Phaganus

Profile

Second century missionary from Rome, Italy to the British Isles, sent by Pope Saint Eleutherius at the request of King Lucius. Apparently worked in south Wales to judge by the churches dedicated to him.

Died

relics enshrined at Glastonbury Abbey

Saint Damian the Missionary

Also known as

Derivianus, Diruvianus, Deruvian, Dyfan

Profile

Second century missionary from Rome, Italy to the British Isles, sent by Pope Saint Eleutherius at the request of King Lucius. Apparently worked in south Wales to judge by the churches dedicated to him.

Died

relics enshrined at Glastonbury Abbey

Saint Simitrius of Rome

Also known as

Simitrio, Simetrio

Profile

Simitrius and 22 fellow parishioners, whose names have not come down to us, were grabbed and summarily executed for their faith while at prayers. Martyrs.

Died

beheaded c.159 on the Via Salaria Nuova in Rome, Italy

Saint Regintrudis of Nonnberg

Also known as

Regintrude

Profile

Nun. Abbess of Nonnberg Abbey near Salzburg, Austria.

Died

c.750

Saint Priscus of Auxerre

Also known as

Prisco

Profile

Officer in the imperial Roman army. He along with several of his soldiers and some citizens of Besançon, France were martyred for their faith.

Died

c.272 near Auxerre, France

Saint Oduvald of Melrose

Profile

Born to the Scottish nobility. Governor of the province of Laudon. He gave up his wealth and status to become a monk and then abbot at Melrose Abbey.

Born

Scottish

Died

698 of natural causes

Saint Guinizo

Also known as

Guinizzone

Profile

Benedictine monk at Monte Cassino. After the destruction of the abbey there, he spent the rest of his life as a hermit on the mountain.

Born

in Spain

Died

c.1050 of natural causes

Saint Felicissimus of Todi

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

303 in Todi, Umbria, Italy where his relics still survive

Saint Alphaeus

Also known as

Cleophas

Profile

Father of Saint James the Less, as mentioned in Matthew 10:3 (...James, the son of Alphaeus...). Confessor of the faith.

Saint Heraclius of Todi

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

303 in Todi, Italy where his relics still survive

Saint Paulinus of Todi

Profile

Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.

Died

303 in Todi, Italy where his relics still survive

Saint Zachary of Vienne

Profile

Second bishop of Vienne, France. Martyred in the persecutions of Trajan.

Died

c.106

Saint Becan of Cork

Also known as

Becan of Cluain-Aird-Mobecog

Profile

Sixth-century hermit near Cork, Ireland.

Saint Quadratus

Profile

Martyr. Saint Augustine of Hippo wrote about him.

Died

Africa, date unknown

Also celebrated but no entry yet

• Arnaldo Buysson and Companions

• Maria Angelica Mastroti of Papasidero

• Maria del Fonte of Caravaggio

• Pardo