இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் அக்டோபர் 11

 St. Kenneth

Feastday: October 11

Kenneth is a derivative of Canice. All we know about Canice is from unreliable legend, according to which he was born at Glengiven, Ireland. He became a monk under St. Cadoc at Llancarfan, Wales, and was ordained there. After a trip to Rome, he studied under St. Finnian at Clonard, Ireland, accompanied Ss. Kieran, Columba, and Comgall to St. Mobhi at Glasnevin. He preached for a time in Ireland, and then went to Scotland. A close friend of Columba's whom he accompanied on a visit to King Brude of the Picts, he was a most successful missionary. He built a monastery at Aghaboe, Ireland, and probably one at Kilkenny. He is also known as Kenneth and Cainnech. His feast day is October 11th.

"Canice" and "Saint Canice" redirect here. For other uses, see Canice (disambiguation) and Saint Canice (disambiguation).

Cainnech of Aghaboe (515/16–600), also known as Saint Canice in Ireland, Saint Kenneth in Scotland, Saint Kenny and in Latin Sanctus Canicus, was an Irish abbot, monastic founder, priest and missionary during the early medieval period. Cainnech is one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland[1] and preached Christianity across Ireland and to the Picts in Scotland.[2] He wrote a commentary on the Gospels, which for centuries was known as the Glas-Choinnigh or Kenneth's Lock or the Chain of Cainnech.[3]

Most of what is written about Cainnech's life is based on tradition, however he was considered a man of virtue, great eloquence and learning. His feast day is commemorated on 11 October in the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church according to their respective calendars (Gregorian or Church Julian) with additional feast days on 1st or 14 August in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Introduction

Depicted in stained glass, St Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny.

A lot of what is known of Cainnech comes from legend. However, he is documented by Adomnán (also known as Eunan), the ninth abbot of Iona who died in 704. Adomnán was a hagiographer and his greatest work Vita Columbae or Life of St. Columba contains references to Cainnech.[4][5]

Cainnech's background

Statue at St. Canice's Catholic Church, Kilkenny

Cainnech was born in 515 or 516, at Glengiven, near Dungiven in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland.[5] His full name was Cainnech moccu Dalánn.[6]

Cainnech's father Lughadh Leithdhearg was descended from the CorcoDalann or Ui Dalainn, a tribe whose ancestor, Dalann, is traced back to Fergus (King of Ulster), son of Ross, son of Rudhraighe. The Corco-Dalann were from an island referred to as "Insula Nuligi", and is usually identified with Inis-Doimhle or Inis-Uladh, which is now the Little Island, in the River Suir, south-east of Waterford.[3]

Lughadh was a distinguished bard, a highly trained, professional itinerant poet. Lughadh settled at Glengiven, in what is now County Londonderry. Lughadh ended up under the favour and protection of the chief of Cianachta, and became the tutor of the chieftain's son, Geal Breagach.[7]

Cainnech's mother was called Maul or Mella.[8] She attained an eminent degree of sanctity. The church of Thompleamoul or Capella Sanctae Maulae seu Mellae, beside Kilkenny city, was dedicated to God under her invocation.

Early life

Finnian of Clonard imparting his blessing to the Twelve Apostles of Ireland

In early Christian Ireland the druid tradition collapsed, with the spread of the new faith. The study of Latin and Christian theology flourished in monasteries.

Cainnech spent his early years watching his chieftain's flocks. In 543 Cainnech became a pupil at Finnian's monastic school at Clonard. During the sixth century, some of the most significant names in the history of Irish Christianity studied at the Clonard monastery.[1] Twelve students who studied under Finnian of Clonard became known as the Twelve Apostles of Ireland, Cainnech was one of these. It was at Clonard that Cainnech became a friend and companion of Colmcille (Columba).

In 544 he studied under Mobhí Clárainech at the school of Glasnevin, with Kieran of Clonmacnoise and Comgall of Bangor. When plague scattered that community, he went to Cadoc's monastery of Llancarfan in Glamorganshire in Wales, where he was ordained a priest in 545.[9]

He left for Rome to obtain the blessing of the reigning pontiff. In 550 he had returned to Glengiven, where he converted his foster-brother, Geal-Breagach, who afterwards assisted him in founding Drumachose, in nearby Limavady.

Scotland

In 565 Cainnech joined Columba in Scotland, where he is known as Kenneth. Adamnan tells of the arrival of Cainnech, on Iona. Columba had a prophecy of a "certain holy and excellent man, who will arrive here among us before evening." According to Adamnan, God provided Cainnech with a safe and calm crossing, even though the sea was perilous and stormy that day. Columba received him that evening with all honour and hospitality.[4]

Cainnech built a church in the place now known as Saint Andrews.[10] He built monastic cells on the island of Ibdon, possibly South Uist,[11] and Eninis, an oratory called Lagan-Kenny on the shores of Loch Laggan (the remains of which are marked on the OS map), and a monastery in Fife on the banks of the Eden. The saint may have been an important saint in converting South Uist to Christianity.[12] Cainnech's name is still recalled in the ruins of an ancient church, Kil-Chainnech on Tiree, in a burial ground, Kil-Chainnech, in Iona and Inch Kenneth off Mull.[13]

Return to Ireland

Cainnech spent a good deal of his time in County Meath and Ossory in what is now County Laois. In Ossory he had a good repute with the king, Colmann son of Feradach. Colman gave him grants of land including Aghaboe ("the field of the Ox") which became his principal monastery.[5] Aghaboe grew in importance, and in the 7th century sent Feargal as a missionary to the church of Salzburg, Austria. Aghaboe was for a time the site of the bishop's see until under Norman influence in the twelfth century the see transferred from Aghaboe to Kilkenny.[9] In 1346 Diarmaid Mac Giollaphádraig burned the town of Aghaboe, and completely destroyed Cainnech's shrine along with his relics.[3]

St. Canice's Cathedral in Kilkenny.

Kilkenny (Irish: Cill Chainnigh "The Church of Cainnech") was originally the name of a church erected by or dedicated to Cainnech, but was afterwards extended to the townland and parish.[14] Kilkenny was one of the last parts of Ireland to be converted to Christianity. Tradition asserts that in 597, Cainnech led a Christian force to Kilkenny to eliminate the last bastion of Druidic rule in Ireland. The last Archdruid of Ireland had retired with his Council to a mound in Kilkenny for safety. Cainnech led an army there and overcame them. He founded a monastery near what is now the Church of Ireland's St. Canice's Cathedral.[9] He died and was interred at Abbey of Aghaboe in 599/600.

Chain of Cainnech

In his old age Cainnech retired to an island in what was once Loch Cree, and wrote a commentary on all four Gospels. This became known as Glass Kinnich (Glas-Chainnigh) or the Chain of Cainnech.[5] This was long preserved in his church and became a continuous commentary in the Middle Ages.

Patronage

Cainnech is the patron of Aghaboe and together with Ciarán of Saigir, is one of the patrons of Kilkenny and the historic kingdom of Osraige.[8] Cainnech is also the patron saint of the shipwrecked

St. Tharacus

Feastday: October 11

Death: 304

Also called Taracus, a martyr with Andronicus and Probus during the persecutions of Emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305). Tharachus was born about 239 and was a one-time officer in the Roman army, Probus was a Roman citizen from Pamphilia (modern Turkey), and Andronicus was a young man. They were tried by Numerian Maximus (r. 283-284) and cruelly tortured. Thrown to wild beasts but unharmed, the martyrs were slain by sword in Anazarbus or Tarsus, Cilicia.

Andronicus, Probus (Provos), and Tarachus (Tharacus, Tarachos) were martyrs of the Diocletian persecution (about 304 AD). According to tradition, Tarachus was beaten with stones. Probus was thrashed with whips, his feet were burned with red hot irons, his back and sides were pierced with heated spits; finally he also was cut up with knives. Andronicus was also cut to pieces with knives.

Narrative

According to the Acts, Tarachus (ca. 239- 304), a Roman who was a native of Claudiopolis in Isauria and a former soldier,[1] the plebeian Probus of Side in Pamphylia, and the patrician Andronicus, who belonged to a prominent family of Ephesus, were tried by the governor Numerian Maximus and horribly tortured three times in various cities, including Tarsus, Mopsuestia, and Anazarbus of Cilicia.[2]

Martyrdom of Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus

According to tradition, Tarachus was beaten with stones. Probus was thrashed with whips, his feet were burned with red hot irons, his back and sides were pierced with heated spits; finally he also was cut up with knives. Andronicus was also cut to pieces with knives.[3]

They were then condemned to death by wild beasts, and when the animals would not touch them in the amphitheatre they were put to death with the sword. Three men, named Marcian, Felix, and Verus, witnessed their martyrdom and added an epilogue to the saints' Acts. They retrieved the bodies of the three saints, buried them, and watched over them the rest of their lives, requesting that they be buried in the same vault as the martyrs at the end of theirs.[4]

There are two accounts of their martyrdom, the first account being held by Thierry Ruinart to be entirely authentic. Harnack, however, expressed doubts as to the genuineness of the account, and Hippolyte Delehaye puts the martyrdom in the class of legends of martyrs that he calls "historical romances".[2]

Their feast is celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church on October 11, and in the Greek Orthodox Church on October 12.

Pope Saint John XXIII

† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(அக்டோபர் 11)

✠ புனிதர் இருபத்திமூன்றாம் யோவான் ✠

(St. John XXIII)

261ம் திருத்தந்தை:

(261st Pope)

பிறப்பு: நவம்பர் 25, 1881

சோட்டோ இல் மோன்ட்டே, பெர்கமோ, இத்தாலி அரசு

(Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Kingdom of Italy)

இறப்பு: ஜூன் 3, 1963 (வயது 81)

அப்போஸ்தல மாளிகை, வத்திக்கான் நகரம்

(Apostolic Palace, Vatican City)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

அமெரிக்காவில் இவாஞ்சலிக்கல் லூதரன் திருச்சபை

(Evangelical Lutheran Church in America)

கனடாவின் ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

(Anglican Church of Canada)

அமெரிக்காவின் எபிஸ்கோபல் திருச்சபை

(Episcopal Church of the United States)

முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: செப்டம்பர் 3, 2000

திருத்தந்தை இரண்டாம் ஜான் பவுல்

(Pope John Paul II)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஏப்ரல் 27, 2014

திருத்தந்தை ஃபிரான்சிஸ்

(Pope Francis)

திருத்தந்தை புனிதர் இருபத்திமூன்றாம் யோவான் அல்லது இருபத்திமூன்றாம் அருளப்பர், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் 261ம் திருத்தந்தையாக 1958-1963 காலகட்டத்தில் ஆட்சிசெய்தவர் ஆவார்.

“ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி” (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட இவர், 1881ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 25ம் நாள் பிறந்தார். 1958ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 28ம் நாள் திருத்தந்தையாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டு, சுமார் ஐந்து ஆண்டுகள் மட்டுமே ஆட்சி செய்தார். அக்குறுகிய ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் இவர் 20ம் நூற்றாண்டுத் திருச்சபையில் நடந்த மிக முக்கிய நிகழ்வாகிய, 1962-1965 காலகட்டத்தில் நடந்த “இரண்டாம் வத்திக்கான் பொதுச்சங்கத்தை” (Second Vatican Council) கூட்டினார். ஆனால், வயிற்று புற்றுநோயால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்த திருத்தந்தை, அச்சங்கம் நிறைவுறுவதற்கு முன்னரே, 1963ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூன் மாதம், 3ம் நாள் மரித்தார்.

இளமைப் பருவம் :

“ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி” (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli), இத்தாலி நாட்டின் வடமேற்கு பிராந்தியமான “லொம்பார்டி’யின்” (Lombardy) “பெர்கமோ” (Bergamo) என்னும் பகுதியைச் சார்ந்த “சோட்டோ இல் மோன்ட்டே” (Sotto il Monte) என்னும் சிற்றூரில் பிறந்தார். 

அவருடைய தந்தை, “ஜியோவன்னி பட்டிஸ்டா ரொன்கல்லி” (Giovanni Battista Roncalli) ஆவார். தாயார் “மரியன்னா ஜியூலியா மஸ்சொல்லா” (Marianna Giulia Mazzolla) ஆவார். அவர்களுக்குப் பிறந்த பதின்மூன்று குழந்தைகளுள் ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி நான்காமவர் ஆவார். 1889ம் ஆண்டு, தமது எட்டு வயதில் “புதுநன்மை” மற்றும் “உறுதிப்பூசுதல்” ஆகிய இரண்டு அருட்சாதனங்களை பெற்றார்.

சிறுவயதிலேயே குருவாகப் பணிபுரிய ஆர்வம் கொண்ட ஆஞ்செலோ ஜியுசெப் ரொன்கல்லி, தம் உறவினர் ஒருவர் அளித்த நிதி உதவியோடு பெர்கமோ சிறு குருமடத்தில் கல்வி பயின்றார். கல்வி உதவித்தொகை பெற்று, ரோமில் புனித அப்போல்லினார் குருமடத்தில் (இன்றைய "ரோம் திருத்தந்தை பெரிய குருமடம்") கல்வி கற்றார். 1896ம் ஆண்டு, மார்ச் மாதம், 1ம் தேதி, “ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கன் சபையில்” (Secular Franciscan Order) இணைந்தார். 1904ம் ஆண்டு இறையியலில் டாக்டரேட் பட்டம் பெற்ற இவர், ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், 10ம் நாள் குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார்.

ரொன்கல்லி, சிறுவயதிலிருந்தே அன்னை மரியாள் மீது மிகுந்த பக்தி கொண்டிருந்தார். மிலன் மறை மாவட்டத்தைச் சேர்ந்த இம்பெர்சாகோ என்னும் ஊரில் அமைந்திருந்த அன்னை மரியாள் திருத்தலத்துக்கு அவர் பல முறை திருப்பயணமாகச் சென்றுவந்தார்.

திருச்சபையில் பணிபுரிதல் :

பெர்கமோ மறைமாவட்டத்தின் புதிய ஆயர் “ஜியாகோமோ” (Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi) தமது செயலராக ரொன்கல்லியை 1905ம் ஆண்டு நியமித்தார். அப்பணியை மிக்க விசுவாசத்தோடும் திறமையோடும் ஆற்றினார். 1914, ஆகஸ்ட் 22ம் நாள் ஆயரின் மரண நாள்வரை தமது ஆயரின் செயலராகப் பணிபுரிந்தார். அதே சமயம் பெர்கமோ குருமடத்தில் திருச்சபை வரலாறு கற்பித்தார்.

முதலாம் உலகப்போரின்போது (World War I), இத்தாலியின் அரச இராணுவத்தில் (Royal Italian Army) இவர் கட்டாய இராணுவ சேவை புரிந்தார். இராணுவத்தின் மருத்துவ பிரிவில், நோயாளிகளைத் தூக்கிச் செல்லும் “ஸ்ட்ரெச்சர்” தூக்குபவராகவும் (Stretcher-Bearer) சிட்றாலய குருவாகவும் (Chaplain) பணியாற்றிய இவர், 1919ம் ஆண்டின் தொடக்கத்தில் இராணுவத்திலிருந்து வெளியே வந்தார்.

1921ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 6ம் தேதி ரோம் பயணித்த ரொன்கல்லி, திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் பெனடிக்ட்டை (Pope Benedict XV) சந்தித்தார். அவர் ரொன்கல்லியை இத்தாலியின் நற்செய்தி அறிவிப்புப் பணி தேசிய அமைப்பின் (Society for the Propagation of the Faith) தலைவராக நியமித்தார். ரொன்கல்லி, தாம் சந்தித்த திருத்தந்தையருள் திருத்தந்தை பதினைந்தாம் பெனடிக்ட் மிகவும் அனுதாபம் மிக்கவர் என்று நினைவுகூறுவார். ரொன்கல்லி, திருச்சபையின் பல்வேறு பொறுப்புமிக்க பதவிகளை வகித்தார்.

திருத்தந்தை இருபத்துமூன்றாம் யோவான் தமது பதவி காலத்தில், பல உணர்ச்சிபூர்வமான பிரசங்கங்கள் நிகழ்த்தினார். அவை மிகவும் பிரசித்தி பெற்றவையாகும். எடுத்துக்காட்டாக, இரண்டாம் வாட்டிகன் பொது சங்கத்தின் (Second Vatican Council) தொடக்க நாளின் நடுநிசியில், தூய பேதுரு சதுக்கத்தில் (St. Peter's Square) கூடியிருந்த கூட்டத்தில் உரையாற்றிய திருத்தந்தை கூறிய சில வார்த்தைகள்:

“என் அன்பார்ந்த குழந்தைகளே! நீங்கள் வீடு திரும்புகையில், உங்கள் குழந்தைகளை சந்திப்பீர்கள். அவர்களை அணைத்தவாறு, இது திருத்தந்தையின் சார்பில் என்று கூறுங்கள்” (Dear children, returning home, you will find children; give your children a hug and say: This is a hug from the Pope!)

Also known as

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

Profile

Born to an Italian peasant family. Educated at Bergamo and the Pontifical Roman Seminary. Ordained on 10 August 1904. Secretary to the bishop of Bergamo, Italy from 1904 to 1914, during which he wrote the basis for his five-volume biography of Saint Charles Borromeo. Served in World War I in the medical corps, and as a chaplain. Worked in Rome, Italy after the war, and reorganized the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. Titular archbishop of Areopolis on 3 March 1925. Vatican diplomatic representative to Bulgaria on 16 October 1931, then to Turkey and Greece on 12 January 1935. Titular archbishop of Mesembria on 30 November 1934. Papal nuncio to France on 23 December 1944 where he mediated between conservative and socially radical clergy. Created cardinal on 12 January 1953, and patriarch of Venice, Italy on 15 January 1953. Elected 261st pope on 28 October 1958.

As pope he stressed his own pastoral duties as well as those of other bishops and clergy. Promoted social reforms for workers, poor people, orphans, and the outcast. He advanced cooperation with other faiths and traditions including Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Church of England, and even Shinto. In April 1959 he forbade Catholics to vote for parties supporting Communism. His encyclical, Mater et Magistra of 14 July 1961 advocated social reform, assistance to underdeveloped countries, a living wage for all workers, and support for socialist measures that promised real benefit to society.

He nearly doubled the number of cardinals, making the college the largest in history. On 25 January 1959, he announced his intent to call a council to consider ways to renew the Church in the modern world, promote diversity within the unity of the Church, and consider reforms promoted by ecumenical and liturgical movements. Convening the council, known as Vatican II, on 11 October 1962, was the high point of his reign.

His heartiness, his overflowing love for humanity individually and collectively, and his freshness of approach to ecclesiastical affairs made John one of the best-loved popes of modern times.

Born

25 November 1881 at Sotto il Monte, diocese of Bergamo, Italy as Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

Papal Ascension

• elected 28 October 1958

• installed on 4 November 1958

Died

• 7:50pm on 3 June 1963 at Rome, Italy of stomach cancer

• buried in Saint Peter's basilica, Vatican City

Canonized

• on 5 July 2013, Pope Francis approved the promulgation of a decree of canonization

• 27 April 2014 by Pope Francis

Patronage

papal delegates

Saint Maria Soledad Torres Acosta

† இன்றைய புனிதர் †

(அக்டோபர் 11)

✠ புனிதர் மரிய சொல்டேட் டொர்ரெஸ் ஒய் அகொஸ்டா ✠

(St. Maria Soledad Torres y Acosta)

கன்னியர், சபை நிறுவனர்:

(Virgin and foundress)

பிறப்பு: டிசம்பர் 2, 1826

மேட்ரிட், ஸ்பெயின் அரசு

(Madrid, Kingdom of Spain)

இறப்பு: அக்டோபர் 11, 1887 (வயது 60)

மேட்ரிட், ஸ்பெயின் அரசு

(Madrid, Kingdom of Spain)

முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: ஃபெப்ரவரி 5, 1950

திருத்தந்தை பன்னிரெண்டாம் பயஸ்

(Pope Pius XII)

புனிதர் பட்டம்: ஜனவரி 25, 1970

திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பால்

(Pope Paul VI)

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: அக்டோபர் 11

பாதுகாவல்:

மரியாளின் பணியாளர்கள் சபை

(Servants of Mary)

புனிதர் மரிய சொல்டேட் டொர்ரெஸ் ஒய் அகொஸ்டா, ஒரு ஸ்பேனிஷ் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் அருட்சகோதரியும், "மரியாளின் பணியாளர்கள்” (Servants of Mary) எனும் துறவற சபையின் நிறுவனருமாவார். இச்சபையானது, நோயாளிகளுக்கும் ஏழைகளுக்கும் சேவை செய்வதற்காக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட அருட்சகோதரியருக்கான துறவற சபையாகும். இவர், கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையினால் புனிதராக கௌரவிக்கப்படுகிறார்.

வாழ்க்கை :

“அன்டோனியா பிபியானா மனுவெல்லா டொர்ரெஸ் ஒய் அகொஸ்டா”

(Antonia Bibiana Manuela Torres y Acosta) எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட இவரது

தந்தை "ஃபிரான்சிஸ்கோ டொர்ரெஸ்" (Francisco Torres) ஆவார். இவரது தாயார், “அன்டோனியோ அகோஸ்டா” (Antonia Acosta) ஆவார். அன்டோனியா பிபியானா, தமது பெற்றோருக்கு பிறந்த ஐந்து குழந்தைகளில் இரண்டாமவர் ஆவார். இவரது பெற்றோர் உள்ளூரிலேயே ஒரு சிறு வியாபாரம் செய்துவந்தனர். இவர், “வின்செஸ்டியன்” (Vincentian Sisters) அருட்சகோதரியாரால் கல்வி கற்பிக்கப்பட்டார். அடிக்கடி அருகாமையிலுள்ள நோயாளிகளுக்கு சேவை செய்வதை வழக்கமாகக் கொண்டிருந்தார். ஏழைகளுக்கு உதவுவதையும், பிறரின் நன்மைகளுக்காக சிறு சிறு நோன்பிருப்பதையும் கூட வழக்கமாகக் கொண்டிருந்தார்.

சுமார் 1850ம் ஆண்டின் வாக்கில், தேவ அழைப்பினை செவி மடுத்த இவர், தமது அருகாமையிலுள்ள “டோமினிக்கன்” (Dominican convent) துறவு சபையில் பயிற்சி அருட்சகோதரியாக இணைவதற்கு விண்ணப்பித்தார். ஆனால், அப்போது அங்கே இடமின்மையால் இவர் காத்திருக்க வேண்டியிருந்தது. இதற்கிடையே, 1851ம் ஆண்டு, “ச்சம்பேரி” (Chamberí) பங்குத் தந்தை, "மிகுவேல் மார்ட்டினேஸ்" (Miguel Martínez) என்ற அருட்பணியாளரின் சேவைகள் பற்றி கேள்விப்பட்டார். அருட்தந்தை மார்ட்டினேஸ், தமது பங்கிலுள்ள ஏழைகள் மற்றும் நோயுற்றோருக்கு சேவை செய்வதற்காக ஏழு பெண்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு குழு ஒன்றினை அமைப்பதாக ஒரு காட்சியின் தரிசனம் கண்டார். பிபியானா டொர்ரெஸ், இச்சேவையில் தம்மை அர்ப்பணிக்க முன்வந்தார். மார்ட்டினேஸ் தாம் உருவாக்க விரும்பிய குழுவின் ஏழாவது மற்றும் கடைசி பெண்ணாக பிபியானா டொர்ரெசை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார்.

1851ம் வருடம் ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம் பதினைந்தாம் நாள், இறைவனின் அதிதூய அன்னை மரியாளின் விண்ணேற்பு தினத்தன்று, பிபியானாவும் அவரது ஆறு சகோதர அங்கத்தினர்களும் தமது வாழ்வை ஏழை நோயாளிகளுக்கு அர்ப்பணித்தனர். "சகோதரி மரிய சொல்டேட்" (Sister Maria Soledad) என்ற பெயரை தமது ஆன்மீக பெயராக ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார். அனைவரும் துறவற சீருடைகளை பெற்றுக்கொண்டனர்.

தமது துறவற சபையின் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பேற்ற நாளிலிருந்து அநேக சோதனைகளைத் தாங்கிய இவர், அவதூறுகளால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டார். பலமுறை துறவு சபையின் தலைமைப் பொறுப்பினின்றும் விடுவிக்கப்பட்டார்.

வலேன்சியாவில் (Valencia) இருந்த ஒரு சுதந்திர அரசின் கீழ் இருந்த ஒரு அமைப்பினை (Liberalizing Government) உருவாக்கினார்.

1876ல், இந்த புதிய சபையானது, திருத்தந்தை “ஒன்பதாம் பயசின்” (Pope Pius IX) அங்கீகாரம் பெற்றது. சுமார் முப்பத்தைந்து வருடங்கள் இவ்வமைப்பினை தலைமையேற்று நடத்திய இவர், நிமோனியா காய்ச்சலின் காரணமாக அக்டோபர் 1887ம் ஆண்டு, அக்டோபர் மாதம், 11ம் நாள், மரணமடைந்தார். இவரது மரணத்தின்போது, இவரது துறவு சபையின் 46 கிளைகள் ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் லத்தீன் அமெரிக்க நாடுகளில் பரவியிருந்தன.

Also known as

• Emanuela Tores-Acosta

• Manuela Torres Acosta

• María Soledad

Profile

Daughter of Francis Torres and Antonia Acosta, who ran a small business. From her youth, Emanuela felt a call to the religious life. When she was old enough to leave home, she applied to the Dominicans, but she was rejected due to poor health. She spent much time and prayer discerning her call to vocation, and in 1848 was asked by a Servite tertiary priest to head a new community of women dedicated to ministering to the sick poor. She took the name Mary Soledad, and dedicated herself to the new community, which in 1851 still numbered only seven.

In 1855 the community split into two groups, one founding a new house in Ferdinand Po. The half that remained with Mary Soledad became the foundation of the Handmaids of Mary Serving the Sick. Saint Mary was briefly relieved of her position, and the group nearly fell apart, but she was soon reinstated. The community received diocesan approval in 1861, and Mary Soledad spent 35 years as superior of the order, leading always by example. The group made a name for themselves working with victims of the Madrid, Spain cholera epidemic in 1865. By the time of her death, there were forty-six Handmaid houses across the world.

Born

2 December 1826 at Madrid, Spain as Emanuela Tores-Acosta

Died

11 October 1887 of natural causes

Canonized

25 January 1970 by Pope Paul VI

Saint Canice

Also known as

Caimnech, Cainnech, Cainnic, Canicus, Chainnigh, Kenneth, Kenny

Profile

His father was a distinguished royal bard, and his mother's name was Maul. Spiritual student of Saint Finnian of Clonard in 543 with Saint Columba. Spiritual student of Saint Kieran of Conmacnoise, Saint Comgall of Bangor, and Saint Mobhi in 544. Ordained in 545 at Llancarvan, Glamorganshire.

Monk in Glasnevin in 550. Founded the monastery of Agahanoe and served as its abbot. May have founded the monastery of Kilkenny, Ireland, a city named for him. Missionary to Scotland with Saint Columba in 565; known as an effective preacher. Built a church in the place now known as Saint Andrews. He copied out the all four Gospels, and wrote a commentary on them.

Legend says that with a stern word he chased away all the mice on the island of Inish Ubdain, that on En Irish he ordered all the birds to land and stop singing during Mass, and that when he lived as a hermit, a local stag would hold Canice's Bible in its antlers so the saint could hold his hands aloft when praying.

Born

c.525 in Glengiven, County Derry, northern Ireland

Died

c.599 at Aghaboe, Laois, Ireland of natural causes

Patronage

• against shipwrecks

• Kilkenny, Ireland

Saint Alexander Sauli

Also known as

• Apostle of Corsica

• Alessandro Sauli

• Alexander Mary Sauli

Profile

Priest. Clerk Regular of the Congregation of Saint Paul (Barnabite). Taught philosophy and theology at the University of Pavia, Italy. Superior-General of the Barnabites in 1565. Bishop of Aleria, Corsica from 1571 to 1591; there the faith was all but dead, and the clergy and people were in a state of deplorable ignorance. With three companions, he reclaimed the inhabitants, corrected abuses, rebuilt churches, founded colleges and seminaries, and returned the Church in Corsica to health. Bishop of Pavia, Italy in 1591. Left a number of catechetical works. Spiritual director of Saint Charles Borromeo.

Born

1534 at Milan, Italy

Died

11 October 1592 at Pavia, Italy

Canonized

11 December 1904 by Pope Saint Pius X

Patronage

Corsica

Saint Gummarus

Also known as

Gomer, Gommaire, Guntmar, Gummar, Gommar

Profile

Son of the Lord of Emblem, a court official. Gummarus received no formal education but grew up serving in the court of Pepin the Short. He married a shrewish noble woman name Guinmarie; they had no children. Soldier in the army of Pepin, serving eight years in the field in Lombardy, Saxony, and the Aquitaine. In his absence, his wife abused the servants and withheld funds for their support. On his return, Gummarus tried to convert her to active Christianity, failed, and they separated in their later years. He became a hermit at Nivesonck. With Saint Rumald, he founded an abbey at Lier, Belgium.

Born

717 at Brabant, Belgium

Died

774 of natural causes

Patronage

• against hernia

• carpenters

• childless people

• courtiers

• cowherds

• difficult marriages

• glove makers

• separated spouses

• turners

• woodcutters

• Antwerp, Belgium

• Lier, Belgium

Saint Philip the Deacon

Also known as

• Philip of Hierapolis

• Philip the Evangelist

Profile

Probably an Hellenized Jew. One of the seven Jerusalem deacons mentioned in the canonical Acts of the Apostles. Preached and performed miracles in Samaria, converting many including the magician Simon Magus. Commanded by an angel, he travelled from Jerusalem to Gaza. Converted and baptized the eunuch of Queen Candace of Ethiopia. Transported to Azotus, he preached throughout the region, finally returning to Caesarea where he lived with his four daughters, virgins with the gift of prophecy. Met with Saint Paul the Apostle on his last journey to Jerusalem. Some traditions say be became bishop of Tralles (modern Aydin, Turkey).

Born

at Caesarea, Palestine

Died

c.58 at Caesarea, Palestine

Saint Phêrô Lê Tùy

Also known as

Peter Tuy Le

Additional Memorial

24 November as one of the Martyrs of Vietnam

Profile

Studied at the seminary in Vinh-Tri in the apostolic vicariate of West Tonkin (in modern Vietnam). Parish priest in Dong-Thanh, Chan-Loc, Nam-Duong and Thanh-Trai. Arrested for his faith in the persecutions of Emperor Minh Mang while minstering to a sick prishioner in Thanh-Trai. Local Christians tried to free him, failed, and to prevent further problems, Father Phêrô was sent to Hanoi. He was held there for three months and repeatedly ordered to renounce his faith and his priesthood; he refused. Martyr.

Born

c.1773 in Bang Son, Hà Ðông, Ha Tay, Vietnam

Died

• beheaded on 11 October 1833 in Quan Ban, Vietnam

• relics enshrined at the seminary of the Foreign Missions of Paris

Canonized

19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed James Grissinger

Also known as

• James Griesinger

• James of Ulm

Profile

Mercenary for the army of Naples, Italy in 1432. Disillusioned with military life, he spent five years as a secretary to a lawyer in Capua, Italy. Falling on financial hard times, he briefly rejoined the army, then left for his true vocation, becoming a Dominican lay brother in Bologna, Italy in 1441. He spent most of the next 50 years working in stained glass and painting images on the windows of churches.

Born

1407 at Ulm, Swabia (modern Germany)

Died

• 11 October 1491 in Bologna, Italy of natural causes

• interred in the Basilica of Saint Dominic in Bologna

Beatified

1825 by Pope Leo XII

Patronage

• glass painters

• stained glass workers

Saint Agilbert of Paris

Also known as

Agilbert of Wessex

Profile

Born to the Frankish nobility. Studied at the monastery of Jouarre in Ireland under the spiritual direction of his cousin, abbot Ado. Invited in 650 by King Coenwalh of the West Saxons to serve as bishop of Wessex with his see at Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. Active evangelist and missionary. Ordained and worked with Saint Wilfrid of York. Led the effort to replace Celtic liturgical customs with Roman ones.

When King Coenwalh divided Agilbert's see for political reasons in 660, Agilbert returned to France. Bishop of Paris, France in 668. When Coenwalh invited Agilbert to return to Wessex, the bishop sent his nephew Eleutherum in his place, and stayed with his Paris see the rest of his days.

Born

near Soissons, France

Died

c.685 of natural causes

Saint Bruno the Great

Also known as

• Bruno I

• Bruno of Cologne

• Bruno of Saxony

• Brun....

Profile

Youngest son of Emperor Henry I and Saint Matilda of Saxony. Educated at Utrecht, Netherlands. Courtier to his brother Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, the Great Archchancellor to Otto in 951. Archbishop of Cologne, Germany. Administrator of the Duchy of Lorraine. Great supporter of monastic and ecclesiastical institutions. He founded the monastery of Saint Pantaleon at Cologne.

Born

925

Died

• 11 October 965 at Rheims, France of natural causes

• buried at the monastery of Saint Pantaleon at Cologne

Canonized

1870 by Pope Pius IX (cultus confirmation)

Saint Tarachus of Cladiopolis

Also known as

Tharacus, Tracio

Profile

Tried and tortured for the crime of Christianity in Tarsus, Mopsuestia and Anazarbus in Cilicia during the persecutions of Galerius and Diocletian; local Christians at each town made records of the examinations and abuse. Martyr.

Born

Cladiopolis, Isauria

Died

• beheaded in 304 in the amphitheatre of Anazarbus, Cilicia

• body left for animals to destroy, but local Christians recovered and buried him

Saint Andronicus of Ephesus

Profile

Born to a prominent family in Ephesus. Tried and tortured for the crime of Christianity in Tarsus, Mopsuestia and Anazarbus in Cilicia during the persecutions of Galerius and Diocletian; local Christians at each town made records of the examinations and abuse. Martyr.

Born

Ephesus

Died

• beheaded in 304 in the amphitheatre of Anazarbus, Cilicia

• body left for animals to destroy, but local Christians recovered and buried him

Feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Article

Commemorates Mary's divine motherhood, her dignity as Mother of God, and refers also to her spiritual motherhood of men. It was first granted to Portugal, Brazil, and Algeria in 1751; it is now of almost universal observance. Under this title Poland celebrates the feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland.

Patronage

Trinitarians

Saint Nectarius of Constantinople

Profile

Born to the imperial Roman nobility, the son of a senator of Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey). Imperial magistrate. Bishop of Constantinople in 381; even though Necatrius was married and a yet un-baptized Christian catechumen layman, his piety and skills were obvious. One baptized, ordained, consecrated and properly installed as bishop, Nectarius proved a capable and zealous bishop, fighting against Arianism.

Born

Tarsus, Cilicia (in modern Turkey)

Died

17 September 397 of natural causes

Saint Probus of Side

Profile

Tried and tortured for the crime of Christianity in Tarsus, Mopsuestia and Anazarbus in Cilicia during the persecutions of Galerius and Diocletian; local Christians at each town made records of the examinations and abuse. Martyr.

Born

Side, Pamphylia

Died

• beheaded in 304 in the amphitheatre of Anazarbus, Cilicia

• body left for animals to destroy, but local Christians recovered and buried it

Blessed Meinards

Also known as

Meinhard

Profile

Member of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine. Priest. Bishop in Latvia.

Born

c.1130 in Segeberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Died

12 October 1196 in Ikskile, Ogres rajons, Latvia of natural causes

Beatified

8 September 1993 by Pope John Paul II (restoration of cultus)

Saint Guiadenzio of Gniezno

Also known as

Razdim

Also known as

Brother of Saint Adalbert of Prague. Benedictine monk at the abbey of Saint Alexius in Rome, Italy. Priest. Assisted with evangelizing work of Saint Adalbert. Imprisoned with his brother for his faith. Archbishop of Gniezno, Poland in 1000.

Saint Firminus of Uzès

Also known as

Fermin

Profile

Educated by his uncle, the bishop of Uzès, France. Spiritual student of Saint Caesarius of Arles. Bishop of Uzès himself at age 22. Writer. Assisted at several synods including the Council of Orleans in 541 and 549, and the Council of Paris in 551.

Born

Narbonne, France

Died

553 of natural causes

Saint Andronicus

Profile

Roman soldier. Convert. Arrested, tortured and thrown to the arena animals during the persecutions of Diocletian and Maximian.

Born

239 at Claudiopolis, Isauria, Ephesus

Died

stabbed to death c.304 by Roman soldiers at Tarsus after being mauled but not killed by animals in the arena

Saint Ethelburgh of Barking

Also known as

Aethelburh, Ethelburga, Ethelburge, Edilburge

Profile

Sister of Saint Erconwald of London. Spiritual student of Saint Hildelith of Barking First abbess of Barking Abbey in Essex, England.

Died

c.675

Saint Anastasius the Apocrisarius

Profile

Monk. Priest. Apocrisarius (special diplomatic envoy) in Rome. Accompanied Saint Maximus the Confessor into exile.

Died

666 near the Tzager fortress in the Caucasus mountains

Saint Eufridus

Also known as

Eufredo, Teofredo

Profile

Seventh-century Benedictine monk near Asti, Italy. Abbot. Martyred by invading Saracens.

Died

• 732 in the Piedmont region of Italy

• relics enshrined in the cathedral of Alba, Italy

Saint Juliana of Pavilly

Also known as

Little Sister of Jesus

Profile

Servant girl. Benedictine nun at Pavilly, Normandy, France. Spiritual student of Saint Benedicta. Abbess at Pavilly.

Died

c.750 of natural causes

Saint Placidia

Profile

Nun venerated at Verona, Italy where she lived and was known for her sanctity. Often mistakenly identified as the daughter of Emperor Valentinian III.

Died

c.460

Saint Sarmata

Also known as

Sarmatas

Profile

Desert hermit and monk. Spiritual student of Saint Anthony the Abbot. Martyr.

Died

357 by Bedouins in the deserts of Egypt

Saint Ansilio

Also known as

Ansillo

Profile

Seventh-century monk.

Died

relics enshrined at the monastery of Lagny, France

Saint Germanus of Besancon

Profile

Bishop of Besancon, France. Martyred by Arians.

Died

c.390

Saint Gratus of Oloron

Profile

First bishop of Oloron, southern France.

Died

c.506 of natural causes

Saint Santino of Verdun

Profile

Missionary bishop in Verdun, France.

Saint Emilian of Rennes

Profile

Hermit in Rennes, Brittany, France.

Saint Digna of Sicily\

Profile

Martyr.

Died

in Sicily

Martyrs of Sicily

Profile

A group of eight Christians who were martyred together. We know little more than the names – • Ampodus, • Anastasius, • Faustus, • Januarius, • Jovinian, • Marcellus, • Martialis and • Placidus.

Died

Sicily, Italy

Martyrs of Vilcassin

Profile

Four Christians who were martyred together. We know little more than the names - Nicasius, Pienza, Quirinus and Scubicolus.

Died

Vexin Lugdunense territory of Gaul (modern Vilcassin, France)

Martyred in the Spanish Civil War

Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:

• ángel Ramos Velázquez