இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 06 (SUNDAY)

 Bl. Josefa Naval Girbes

Feastday: November 6

Birth: 1820

Death: 1893

Beatified: 25 September 1988 by Pope John Paul II

Josefa Naval Girbes (1820-1893) when she was a young woman, took a vow of chastity. Josefa was very active in her parish life. Opened a school for girls in her own home where she taught needlework and prayer. Member of the Third Order Secular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Teresa of Jesus. Great devotion for the Virgin Mary.

St. Joseph Khang

Feastday: November 6

Death: 1861

Canonized: Pope John Paul II

Martyr of Vietnam. The servant of St. Jerome Hermosilla, Joseph tried to deliver St. Jerome from prison. He was caught in the attempt, lashed, and beheaded. Joseph was canonized in 1988 by Pope John Paul II.

Romulus of Genoa

Saint Romulus, cathedral of San Siro, Sanremo

Bishop and Confessor

Died Sanremo, Liguria, Italy

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Feast November 6 (formerly October 13, December 22)

Attributes depicted with episcopal dress and a sword in hand

Saint Romulus of Genoa (also Remo; Italian: Romolo, Ligurian: Rœmu) was an early Bishop of Genoa, around the time of Saint Syrus.[1] His dates are uncertain: since Jacobus de Voragine[2] traditional lists compiled from local liturgies generally place his bishopric fourth in a largely legendary list.[3] He fled from Genoa and never returned[4] He died in the cave he inhabited at Villa Matutiæ,[5] a town on the Italian Riviera which later adopted his name, becoming "San Remo" (from 15th century until the first half of the 20th century), and then later Sanremo.[6]

Veneration

In 876 the bishop Sabbatinus brought his remains to Genoa, to the church of San Siro, where a new structure was consecrated in 1023.

Since he was invoked in defence of Villa Matutiæ from its inhabitants during enemy attack, the saint is depicted with episcopal dress and a sword in hand.

St Romulus' feast day had been kept on October 13, the traditional date of his death, as well as on December 22. In the Archdiocese of Genoa his feast day is now celebrated on November 6, together with two more of its early bishops: Saint Valentine of Genoa and Saint Felix of Genoa.

Saint Leonard of Noblac

 நோப்லாக் நகரின் புனிதர் லியோனார்ட் 

பிறப்பு: மே 19

ஃபிரான்ஸ் (France)

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 559

லிமோகெஸ் ஃபிரான்ஸ்

(Limoges, France)

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

(Roman Catholic Church)

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

(Eastern Orthodox Church)

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் திருச்சபை

(Anglican Church)

பாதுகாவல்:

அரசியல் கைதிகள், சிறையிலடைக்கப்பட்ட மக்கள், யுத்த கைதிகள், சிறைப்பிடிக்கப்பட்டவர்கள், உழைக்கும் பெண்கள், அதேபோல் உழைக்கும் குதிரைகள்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 6

நோப்லாக் நகரின் புனிதர் லியோனார்ட், ஒரு “ஃபிராங்கிஷ்” (Frankish) புனிதரும், ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டிலுள்ள “நோப்லாக்” (Noblac) எனும் இடத்திற்கும், அங்கேயுள்ள துறவு மடத்திற்கும் நெருக்கமானவராவார்.

பாரம்பரிய சுயசரிதம்:

இவர், “மெரோவிஞ்சியன்” (Merovingian) வம்சத்தை தோற்றுவித்த (Founder of the Merovingian dynasty) அரசன் “முதலாம் க்லோவிஸ்” (Clovis I) என்பவரது அரசவையில் உயர்ந்த பதவியில் இருந்தார். இவரும் அரசன் “முதலாம் க்லோவிஸும்” "ரெய்ம்ஸ்" (Bishop of Reims) ஆயரான "புனிதர் ரெமிஜியுஸ்" (Saint Remigius) அவர்களால் கி.பி. 496ம் ஆண்டு கிறிஸ்து பிறப்பு தினத்தன்று கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக மதம் மாற்றப்பட்டனர். பின்னர் இவர், தண்டனை பெற்று சிறையிலிருந்த, மன்னிப்பு பேர பொருத்தமான சிறைக் கைதிகளை விடுதலை செய்யும் அதிகாரத்தை அரசன் முதலாம் க்லோவிஸிடமிருந்து கேட்டு வாங்கினார். அரசன் அளித்த பிரபுக்களுக்கான சிறப்புச் சலுகைகளை தாழ்மையுடன் மறுத்தார். இவரது புனிதத் தன்மையை அறிந்த அரசர், இவரது வேண்டுகோளுக்கு இணங்கி, சிறைப்பட்டோரை விடுவித்தார்.

இவ்வித சலுகை, அக்காலத்தில் தூயவரான ஆயர்களுக்கும் இவரைப் போன்றவர்களுக்குமே அளிக்கப்பட்டிருந்தது. கைதிகள் தங்கள் பாவங்களின் தோஷத்தை கண்டு உணரச் செய்தார். அவர்கள் தங்கள் பாவங்களுக்காக துயரப்பட்டு, தவம் செய்து, வாழ்வை திருத்தியமைக்க உதவி செய்தார்.

பின் இவர் "ரெய்ம்ஸ்" ஆயர் "புனித ரெமிஜியுஸின்" சீடரானார். சிறிது காலம் வேதம் போதித்தார். இவர் அரண்மனைக்குத் திரும்பி வரவேண்டுமென்று அரசர் நச்சரித்துக் கொண்டிருந்தமையால், “புனிதர் மெஸ்மின்” (Saint Mesmin) மற்றும் “புனிதர் லீ” (Saint Lie) ஆகியோரது வழிகாட்டுதலின்படி, "ஒர்லியன்ஸ்" (Orléans) என்ற இடத்திற்கருகே இருந்த "மைஸி" (Micy) எனும் இடத்திலிருந்த ஒரு மடத்திற்குப் போய் அங்கு துறவறம் பெற்றுக்கொண்டார். பின்னர், “லிமௌசின்” (Limousin) காடுகளுக்குப் போய், அங்கே வாழ்ந்தார். அங்கே, அவரைப் பின்பற்றுபவர்கள் பலர் கூடினர். இவரது செப வல்லமையால் “ஃபிராங்க்ஸ்” அரசி (Queen of the Franks) ஒரு ஆண்குழந்தையை பாதுகாப்பாக ஈன்றதாக கூறப்படுகிறது. அதன் பிரதியுபகாரமாக, “நோபிலாக்” (Noblac) எனுமிடத்தில் அரசு நிலம் லியோனார்டுக்கு கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.

பின் ஒரு சிற்றாலயத்தை அமைத்து, அங்கு வாழ்ந்து வந்தார். இலைகளும் கனிகளுமே இவரது உணவு. தனிமையில் மறைவான வாழ்வு நடத்தினாலும், அருகில் இருந்த கோயிலுக்குச் சென்று மறையுரைகள் நிகழ்த்துவார்.

போர்க்கைதிகள் மீதும், சிறைப்பட்டோர் மீதும் அதிக இரக்கம் காண்பித்தார். தம்மால் இயன்ற அளவு ஆன்ம சரீர உதவிகளை அவர்களுக்குச் செய்தார்.

சுமார் கி.பி. 559ம் ஆண்டு மரித்த இவரது நினைவுத் திருநாள் நவம்பர் ஆறாம் நாள் கொண்டாடப்படுகின்றது.

Also known as

• Leonard de Noblet

• Leonard of Limoges

• Leonard of Limousin

• Leonardo Nobiliacum

• Leonardo, Leonhard, Lienard, Linhart, Léonard

Profile

Born to the Frankish nobility. Part of the court of the pagan King Clovis I. The Queen suggested to Leonard, possibly as a joke, that he invoke the help of his God to repel an invading army. Leonard prayed, the tide of battle turned, and Clovis was victorious. Archbishop Saint Remigius of Rheims used this miracle to convert the King, Leonard, and a thousand of followers to Christianity.

Leonard began a life of austerity, sanctification, and preaching. His desire to know God grew until he decided to enter the monastery at Orleans, France. His brother, Saint Lifiard, followed his example and left the royal court, built a monastery at Meun, and lived there. Leonard desired further seclusion, and so withdrew into the forest of Limousin, converting many on the way, and living on herbs, wild fruits, and spring water. He built himself an oratory, leaving it only for journeys to churches. Others begged to live with him and learn from him, and so a monastery formed around his hermitage. Leonard had a great compassion for prisoners, obtaining release and converting many.

After his death, churches were dedicated to him in France, England, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Bohemia, Poland and other countries. Pilgrims flocked to his tomb, and in one small town in Bavaria there are records of 4,000 favors granted through Saint Leonard's intercession.

Died

c.559 of natural causes

Patronage

• against burglaries

• against robberies or robbers

• barrel makers, coopers

• blacksmiths

• captives, prisoners

• childbirth

• coal miners

• coppersmiths

• farmers

• greengrocers, grocers

• horses

• locksmiths

• miners

• porters

• P.O.W.'s; prisoners of war

• 33 cities

Representation

• abbot holding chain, fetters or a lock

• chain

• fetters

• manacles

Saint Winnoc of Wormhoult

Also known as

• Winnoc of Flanders

• Winnoc of Wormhoudt

• Vinocus, Vinnoco, Winnow, Winoc, Winocus, Winok, Wunnoc, Winnok

Additional Memorials

• 18 September (translation of relics)

• 20 February (exaltation of Saint Winnoc)

Profile

Born to the nobility, possibly a prince, and some sources say his father was Saint Judicael. Raised and educated in Brittany, his family running there to escape the Saxons. Monk. Founded Saint Winnow's church in Cornwall, England. Monk at Sithiu (Saint Omer) under abbot Saint Bertin. Founded the monastery, church and hospital of Wormhoult, Belgium, served as abbot, and used it as a base to evangelize the area.

Humble, and ever mindful of the apostolic precept "if any would not work, neither should he eat", Winnoc threw himself into the manual labour of the monasteries, doing as much of the tough and disagreeable as any monk in the house. When enfeebled by old age, Winnoc prayed for help to continue his work; he received divine help to work a hand corn mill, making flour for his brothers and the poor. Another monk, out of curiosity, peeped through a crack in the mill-house door to see how the old man did so much work; he was stuck blind for his impertinence, but was healed by Winnoc's intercession.

Born

7th century Wales

Died

• 6 November 716 or 717 at Wormhoult, Belgium of natural causes

• originally buried at Wormhoult

• relics translated to Bergues-Saint-Winnoc in 899

• people who stood along the route taken by the monks were reported to have been healed of many illnesses, especially coughs and fevers, and they have been brought out to stop drought

• the monastery was burned by Protestants in 1558 destroying some relics

Patronage

• against fever

• against whooping cough

• millers

Representation

• abbot with a crown and scepter at his feet, turning a hand-mill, often with a church and bridge nearby

• in ecstasy while grinding grain to flour

• with Saint Bertin

Blessed Christina of Stommeln

Also known as

• Christina Bruzo

• Christina Bruso

• Kristina...

Profile

Born to wealthy farmers Heinrich and Hilla Bruso. Though she learned to read, Christina could not write. At the age of five she received a vision of Jesus, and at age ten believed that she became a bride of Christ. When she was 12, the girl's parents arranged a marriage for her, but she ran off to become a Beguine nun in Cologne, Germany; her extravagant piety caused the nuns to question her sanity, and Christina went home where she taken in by the parish priest, Johannes. Throughout her life she and people near her would be tormented by what were considered demonic attacks - she was thrown around the room, her feet stabbed by invisible forces, and similar physical attacks. She received the stigmata in 1268, and it would return each Easter thereafter. In 1288 the mystical experiences ended and Christina spent the rest of her life living as a cloistered Beguine nun. The Swedish Dominican monk, Peter of Dacia, was a long-time correspondent and recorded many of the incidents involving her.

Born

24 July 1242 at Stommeln, duchy of Juilliers (part of modern Germany)

Died

• 6 November 1312 in an alms house in Cologne, Germany of natural causes

• buried in Stommeln, Germany

• relics moved to Nideggen, Germany in 1342

• relics moved to Jülich, Germany on 22 July 1569

• on 16 November 1944 the church was bombed, but the relics survived

• her skull shows marks and indentations corresponding to a crown of thorns

Beatified

12 August 1908 by Pope Saint Pius X (cultus confirmed)

Representation

• novice approached by the devil

• stigmata

Blessed Thomas Ochia Jihyoe

Also known as

• Thomas Jihyoe di Sant'Agostino

• Thomas of Saint Augustine

• Kintsuba

Additional Memorial

28 September as one of the Augustinian Martyrs of Japan

Profile

Born to a Christian family, his parents were both catechists, and both died as martyrs. Thomas attended a Jesuit school in Arima, Japan, and when he felt a call to religious life, he continued his studies in Macao. In 1622 he went to Manila, Philippines to study, and there he joined the Augustinians, making his profession in 1624. He studied theology at Cebú, Philippines, and was ordained a priest. Father Thomas returned to Japan in 1631 to minister to Christians during an imperial persecution. Authorities who did not realize his vocation let him visit Christian prisoners, many of whom were missionaries. When the government realized he was conducting a ministry to them, he was forced flee and lived for a while in a cave, the subject of an intense man-hunt. From there, he used disguises, tricks and the name Kintsuba to minister to Christians in the region for years until finally caught, tortured for months, ordered repeatedly to denounce Christianity, and when he would not, he was executed. Martyr.

Born

c.1602 in Omura, Nagasaki, Japan

Died

hanged upside down on 6 November 1637 in Hill of Martyrs, Nishizaka, Nagasaki, Japan

Beatified

24 November 2008 by Pope Benedict XVI

Saint Melaine of Rennes

Also known as

• Apostle of France

• Melan, Melanie, Melanio, Melanius, Melen, Mellion, Mullion

Profile

Monk. Bishop of Rennes, France during the 5th and 6th centuries when the Franks were conquering all of Gaul. Nearly eliminated idolatry in his diocese. Close friend and advisor to King Clovis. Required his priests to stop "wandering from cabin to cabin, celebrating Mass on portable altars, accompanied by women who administered the chalice to the faithful." Had a brief conflict with British evangelists who tried to introduce Celtic liturgical forms, confusing the new converts. Played a leading role at the Council of Orleans in 511.

Born

in Placet, Brittany (in modern France)

Died

• c.535 of natural causes

• the abbey of Saint Melaine, Rennes, France was built around his tomb

Patronage

• Mullion, Cornwall, England

• Saint Mellyan, Cornwall, England

Representation

• bishop standing on a devil

• bishop driving a devil before him

• dead bishop on a sailing ship carrying his body upstream

Saint Paul of Constantinople

Also known as

• Paul the Confessor

• Paulus

Profile

Chosen Archbishop of Constantinople in 336. For supporting orthodox Christianity against Arianism, he was exiled to Pontus in 337. He returned in 338, but the Arians again exiled him, this time to Trier, Germany. He returned c.340, but Emperor Constantius clapped him in chains and exiled him to Mesopotamia. He returned in 344 but was exiled to Cukusus, Armenia. To prevent another return he was eventually imprisoned, starved and murdered. He never stopped trying to get to his diocese and tend to his parishioners, but spent most of his time as archbishop in exile. Martyr.

Died

strangled to death in 350 in Cukusus, Armenia

Saint Protasius of Lausanne

Also known as

Protase, Protasio

Profile

Seventh-century priest noted for his severe self-denial, and his ministry to widows, orphans and the homeless poor. Bishop of Lausanne, Kingdom of Burgundy (in modern Switzerland). He re-built and expanded what became the Saint-Maure chapel, supported the construction of the church and monastery in Baulmes, Switzerland, and re-built the cathedral of Lausanne after it had been damaged by invading pagans; he was visiting the workmen cutting timber for the cathedral when he had the accident that killed him.

Born

c.640

Died

• struck by a falling tree in the forest of Mont Tendre, Switzerland c.699

• buried in Lausanne, Switzerland

• relics transferred to the cathdral of Lausanne in the 14th century

Saint Emilian of Faenza

Profile

Bishop. Died while returning from a pilgrimage to Rome, Italy where venerated the tombs of the Apostles.

Born

Ireland

Died

• c.780 in Faenza, Italy of natural causes

• burial site lost during the Lombard invasions

• his grave was re-discovered following a series of miracles, which vary by source

• relics enshrined in the cathedral of Faenza

Canonized

• Pre-Congregation

• cultus known to have been well-established in Faenza, Italy by the 12th century

• a synod in 1321 officially established his memorial in all cities of the diocese of Faenza

Patronage

Faenza, Italy

Saint Illtyd

Also known as

Elchut, Eltut, Hildutus, Illtud, Iltuto, Illtut, Iltutus, Iltud Farchog

Profile

Studied under Saint Germanus of Auxerre. Monk under the direction of Saint Cadoc. Founded the influential abbey of Llan-Illtut (Llantwit Major), which housed hundreds of monks, and became home to many Welsh saints. Defended his people against incursions from the north. To relieve famine, he assembled, stocked and led several corn ships to Brittany; in gratitude, some villages and churches there are named for him.

Born

5th century Wales

Died

c.505 in Brittany (in modern France)

Saint Theobald of Dorat

Profile

Born to a poor but pious farm family. Spiritual student of Saint Israel of Limoges at Dorat, France. Augustinian canon. Ordained a deacon, he considered himself unworthy of the priesthood. Treasurer and sacristan of the churches in Dorat. Had a ministry to the sick and the poor. Teacher and spiritual director of Saint Gauthier.

Born

990 in Bazeuge, France

Died

• 6 November 1070 of natural causes

• relics enshrined in the collegiate church of Dorat, France next to Saint Israel of Limoges

Saint Demetrian of Cyprus

Also known as

Demetrio, Demetrius

Profile

Married. Widower. Monk at Saint Anthony's Monastery on Cyprus. Priest. Hegoumenos (abbot) of Saint Anthony's for 40 years. Reluctant bishop of Khytri, Cyprus for 25 years. When Saracens raided Cyprus and kidnapped local Christians to enslave them, Demetrian obtained their release.

Born

Sika, Cyprus

Died

912

Blessed Beatrice of Olive

Profile

Cistercian nun at the convent of the Olive in Morlanwelz, Belgium. Her life in the convent led her to question her vocation, and she became a pilgrim for 15 years after which she received a vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary telling her it was time to return to Cistercian life. Beatrice returned to the convent and spent the rest of her life there, known for her piety and Marian devotion.

Died

• c.1400 of natural causes

• relics venerated in the parish church of Morlanwelz, Belgium

Saint Israel of Limoges

Also known as

Israel Limousin

Profile

Born to the nobility, his was a pious family. Priest. Vicar general of Limoges, France. Canon regular at Dorat, France. Taught theology in the diocese seminary. Wrote a lyric biography of Christ. Nursed plague sufferers during an epidemic in 994. Spiritual teacher of Saint Theobald of Dorat.

Born

950 at Dorat, France

Died

• 22 December 1014 of natural causes

• relics transferred to the Dorat collegiate church on 27 January 1130

Saint Barlaam of Novgorod

Also known as

Alexis

Profile

Born to a wealthy family. When his parents died, Alexis became a hermit on the Volga River. His reputation for holiness spread and attracted so many students that he founded a monastery for them, became a monk, and took the name Barlaam.

Born

Novgorod, Russia as Alexis

Died

6 November 1193 of natural causes

Blessed Leonianus of Autun

Profile

Lay man who was captured and taken to Gaul as a slave. When he regained his freedom he became a hermit near Autun (in modern France). Monk at the Saint Symphorianus Abbey at Autun.

Born

Pannonia (part of modern Hungary)

Died

c.570 in Autun (in modern France) of natural causes

Beatified

1907 by Pope Pius X (cultus confirmed)

Saint Severus of Barcelona

Profile

Bishop of Barcelona, Spain. Martyred by Arian Visigoths.

Died

nails driven into his temple in 633

Patronage

Barcelona, Spain

Representation

bishop with a nail or nails driven into his head

Blessed Bernard of Apiano

Profile

Mercedarian at the convent of Saint Martin in Perpignan, France. He was noted for his personal piety, hist observance of the Mercedarian rule, and his depth of education.

Saint Erlafrid of Hirschau

Also known as

Erlafrid of Calw

Profile

Count of Calw, Swabia (modern Germany). Founded Hirschau Abbey which he entered as a Benedictine monk, and where he eventually served as abbot.

Born

late 8th century

Died

mid-9th century

Saint Felix of Thyniss

Also known as

Felix of Thynissa

Profile

Arrested for his faith, he was found dead in prison the day before for his scheduled execution.

Born

African

Died

Thyniss, north Africa

Blessed Simon of Aulne

Profile

Cistercian lay brother at the Aulne Abbey in the diocese of Liege, Belgium. A mystic and visionary, known to fall into ecstasies during prayer.

Died

1215 of natural causes

Saint Leonard of Reresby

Profile

Crusader. Captured by Saracens, but miraculously freed.

Born

Thryberg, Yorkshire, England

Died

13th century Yorkshire, England of natural causes

Saint Felix of Genoa

Profile

Second bishop of Genoa, Italy, c.400. Spiritual teacher of Saint Syrus of Genoa.

Died

relics enshrined in the basilica of Twelve Apostles in Genoa, Italy

Saint Valentine of Genoa

Profile

Bishop of Genoa, Italy from c.295.

Died

• c.307 of natural causes

• his relics were found and enshrined in 985

Saint Efflam of Brittany

Profile

Son of a British prince. Founded a monastery in Brittany, France and served as its first abbot.

Died

c.700 of natural causes

Saint Edwen of Northumbria

Profile

Seventh century consecrated virgin. Daughter of Saint Edwin of Northumbria.

Patronage

Llanedwen, Anglesey, Wales

Saint Stephen of Apt

Profile

Bishop of Apt, France in 1010. Re-built the cathedral there.

Born

975 in Agde, France

Died

1046 of natural causes

Saint Felix of Fondi

Profile

Benedictine monk at Fondi, Italy. Held in high regard by Saint Gregory the Great.

Died

6th century of natural causes

Saint Pinnock

Profile

A church in Cornwall, England is dedicated to this saint, but no information about him has survived.

Saint Atticus

Profile

Martyred in Phrygia.

Ten Martyrs of Antioch

Profile

A group of Brothers of the Christian Schools and a Passionist priest martyred in the persecutions during the Spanish Civil War. The are

Aniceto Adolfo

Augusto Andrés

Benito de Jesús

Benjamín Julián

Cirilo Bertrán

Inocencio de la Immaculada

Julián Alfredo

Marciano José

Victoriano Pío

Died

637 in Antioch, Syria

Martyrs of Gaza

Profile

A group of Christian soldiers who were captured by Saracens invading the area of Gaza in Palestine. When the men continued to profess their Christianity, they were executed. We know the names of some of the martyrs - Himerius, John (2 of them), Kallinikos (Callinoco), Paul, Peter, Stephen and Theodore (2 of them).

Died

beheaded in Gaza, Palestine

Also celebrated but no entry yet

• Garcia Darlet

• Peter Amelio

Bl. Martyrs of Astoria during Spanish Civil War

Feastday: November 6

The Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War are those people killed by Republicans in hatred of their Catholic faith during the Spanish Civil War and therefore venerated in the Catholic Church.[1] More than 6,800 clergy and religious were killed in the Red Terror. As of October 2022, 2,107 Spanish martyrs have been beatified; 11 of them being canonized. For some 2,000 additional martyrs, the beatification process is underway.

History

During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, and especially in the early months of the conflict, individual clergymen were executed while entire religious communities were persecuted, leading to a death toll of 13 bishops, 4,172 diocesan priests and seminarians, 2,364 monks and friars and 283 nuns, for a total of 6,832 clerical victims, as part of what is referred to as Spain's Red Terror.[2]

Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War

Martyrs

Born Various

Died 1934, 1936-1939

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 29 March 1987

1 October 1989

29 April 1990

25 October 1992

10 October 1993

1 October 1995

4 May 1997

10 May 1998

7 March 1999

11 March 2001 by Pope John Paul II

29 October 2005

28 October 2007

23 January 2010

17 December 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI[1]

13 October 2013

1 November 2014

5 September 2015

3 October 2015

21 November 2015

23 April 2016

8 October 2016

29 October 2016

25 March 2017

6 May 2017

21 October 2017

11 November 2017

10 November 2018

9 March 2019

23 March 2019

22 June 2019

7 November 2020

29 May 2021

16 October 2021

30 October 2021

6 November 2021

26 February 2022

18 June 2022

22 October 2022 by Pope Francis

Canonized 21 November 1999 (Nine Martyrs of the 1934 Asturias uprising) in Rome[1]

4 May 2003 in Madrid by Pope John Paul II

Feast Various

Pope John Paul II 233 Spanish Martyrs

Pope John Paul II beatified 473 martyrs in the years 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997 and 2001. Some 233 executed clergy were beatified by John Paul II on 11 March 2001.[3] In 1999 he also canonized a Christian Brother and the nine Martyrs of Turon, the first group of Spanish Civil War martyrs to reach sainthood. Regarding the selection of Candidates, Archbishop Edward Novack from the Congregation of Saints explained in an interview with L'Osservatore Romano: "Ideologies such as Nazism or Communism serve as a context of martyrdom, but in the foreground the person stands out with his conduct, and, case by case, it is important that the people among whom the person lived should affirm and recognize his fame as a martyr and then pray to him, obtaining graces. It is not so much ideologies that concern us, as the sense of faith of the People of God, who judge the person's behavior."[4]

List Of  Martyrs-of-the-spanish-civil-war

martyrs-of-the-spanish-civil-war

Pope Benedict XVI

 498 Spanish Martyrs

Benedict XVI beatified 530 martyrs in the years 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2011, with the biggest being the 498 Spanish martyrs in October 2007,[5] in the largest beatification ceremony in the history of the Catholic Church.[6] In this group of people, the Vatican has not included all Spanish martyrs, nor any of the 16 priests who were executed by the nationalist side in the first years of the war. This decision has caused numerous criticisms from surviving family members and several political organisations in Spain.[7]

The beatification recognized the extraordinary fate and often brutal death of the persons involved. Some have criticized the beatifications as dishonoring non-clergy who were also killed in the war, and as being an attempt to draw attention away from the church's support of Franco (some quarters of the Church called the Nationalist cause a "crusade").[8] Within Spain, the Civil War still raises high emotions. The act of beatification has also coincided in time with the debate on the Law of Historical Memory (about the treatment of the victims of the war and its aftermath) promoted by the Spanish Government.

Responding to the criticism, the Vatican has described the October 2007 beatifications as relating to personal virtues and holiness, not ideology. They are not about "resentment but ... reconciliation". The Spanish government has supported the beatifications, sending Foreign Minister Miguel Ángel Moratinos to attend the ceremony.[9] Among those present was Juan Andrés Torres Mora, a relative of one of the martyrs and the Spanish MP who had debated the memory law for PSOE .[10]

The October 2007 beatifications have brought the number of martyred persons beatified by the Church to 977, eleven of whom have been canonized as saints.[6] Because of the extent of the persecution, many more cases could be proposed; as many as 10,000 according to Catholic Church sources. The process for beatification has already been initiated for about 2,000 people.[6]

At 28 October 2007 beatifications, Pope Benedict underscored the call to sanctity for all Christians, saying it was "realistic possibility for the entire Christian people".[11] He also noted, "This martyrdom in ordinary life is an important witness in today's secularized society."[11]

Pope Francis

 522 Spanish Martyrs

Pope Francis beatified 522 martyrs on 13 October 2013, at Tarragona, Spain; among them was Eugenio Sanz-Orozco Mortera from Manila, Philippines, who became the first Filipino martyr of the Spanish Civil War. He also approved additional beatifications for Spanish martyrs that took place for a priest on 1 November 2014 as well as two sets of group martyrs on both 5 September 2015 and 3 October 2015. The pope also approved the beatification of 26 Capuchin martyrs, which took place on 21 November 2015. The beatification for Valentín Palencia Marquina and his four companions took place on 23 April 2016 in Burgos.[12] The beatification for Genaro Fueyo Castañon and his three companions was celebrated in Oviedo on 8 October 2016 and the beatification of José Antón Gómez and 3 companions was celebrated in Madrid on 29 October 2016.[citation needed] The 114 Almerian martyrs were beatified on 25 March 2017, and Antonio Arribas Hortigüela and his six companions were beatified on 6 May 2017 in Girona.[13][14] The beatification of Mateo Casals Mas & 108 companions were beatified in Barcelona on 21 October 2017 and Vicenç Queralt Lloret & 20 companions as well as José Maria Fernández Sánchez & 38 companions were beatified in Madrid on 11 November 2017. The beatification of Teodoro Illera del Olmo & 15 Companions was held on 10 November 2018. The beatification of Ángel Cuartas Cristobal and his 8 companions was held in Oviedo on 9 March 2019 while María Isabel Lacaba Andia and her 13 companions were beatified in Madrid on 22 June 2019. María Pilar Gullón Yturriaga and 2 companions was beatified in Astorga on 29 May 2021. The beatification of Juan Elías Medina and 126 companions will be held in Córdoba on 16 October 2021, Francisco Cástor Sojo López and 3 companions in Tortosa on 30 October 2021 Benet Domènech Bonet & 2 companions in Barcelona on 6 November 2021 The beatifications of Cayetano Giménez Martín & 15 Companions in Granada on 26 February 2022, Angel Marina Álvarez & 19 Companions, Isabel Sánchez Romero, Juan Aguilar Donis & 5 Companions in Almería on 18 June 2022 and Vicente Nicasio Renuncio Toribio & 11 Companions in Madrid on 22 October 2022.

Individual cases

Martyrs of Turon

The martyrs of Turon were a group of eight De La Salle Brothers, and the Passionist priest who was with them, who were executed by striking miners at Turon in October 1934. Although this was nearly two years before the outbreak of the civil war, their deaths were part of the same violence and anti-clerical feeling of that period in Spain's history, and are regarded as martyrs of the Spanish Civil War. They were beatified by Pope John Paul II on 29 April 1990, and were canonized by him on 21 November 1999.

Innocencio of Mary Immaculate

Saint Innocencio of Mary Immaculate, born Emanuele Canoura Arnau, was a member of the Passionist Congregation and martyr of the Spanish Civil War. Born on 10 March 1887 in Santa Cecelia del Valle de Oro in Galicia, Spain, he died at Turon, with his eight companions, on 9 October 1934. He was beatified on 29 April 1990 and was canonized by Pope John Paul II on 21 November 1999.

Jaime Hilario Barbal

Jaime Hilario Barbal, born Manuel Barbal Cosán, was raised in a pious and hardworking family near the Pyrenees mountains. Entered the seminary at age 12, but when his hearing began to fail in his teens, he was sent home. Joined the Brothers of the Christian Schools at age 19, entering the novitiate on 24 February 1917 at Irun, Spain, taking the name Jaime Hilario. Exceptional teacher and catechist, he believed strongly in the value of universal education, especially for the poor. However, his hearing problems grew worse, and in the early 1930s, he was forced to retire from teaching, and began work in the garden at the La Salle house at San Jose, Tarragona, Spain. Imprisoned in July 1936 at Mollerosa, Spain when the Spanish Civil War broke out and religious people were swept from the street. Transferred to Tarragona in December, then confined on a prison ship with some other religious. Convicted on 15 January 1937 of being a Christian Brother. Two rounds of volley fire from a firing squad did not kill him, possibly because some of the soldiers intentionally shot wide; their commander then murdered Jaime with five shots at close range. First of the 97 La Salle Brothers killed in Catalonia, Spain during the Spanish Civil War to be recognized as a martyr. He was beatified on 29 April 1990, and was canonized by Pope John Paul II on 21 November 1999.

Pedro Poveda

He was a priest, the founder of the Teresian Association and a Martyr of the Spanish civil war. He was beatified on 10 October 1993 and canonized on 4 May 2003.

Passionist Martyrs of Daimiel

They were a group of priests and brothers of the Passionist Congregation killed by Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War. They were beatified by Pope John Paul II on 1 October 1989. Eyewitnesses reported that all of the Passionists had forgiven their murderers before they died. A witness to the murder of Father Niceforo reported that after being shot the priest turned his eyes to heaven then turned and smiled at his murderers. At this point one of them, now more infuriated than ever, shouted:

What, are you still smiling?[15]

With that he shot him at point blank range.

Eugenio Sanz-Orozco Mortera

Eugenio Sanz-Orozco Mortera (Jose Maria of Manila) was born on 5 September 1880 in Manila, Philippines. He was a Franciscan Capuchin priest. He died a martyr on 17 August 1936, in Madrid, Spain, during the Spanish civil war. He is venerated in the Catholic Church, which celebrates his feast on 6 November. He was beatified on 13 October 2013.

Bartolomé Blanco Márquez

Bartolomé Blanco Márquez was born in Cordoba, Spain in 1914. He was arrested as a Catholic leader—he was the secretary of Catholic Action and a delegate to the Catholic Syndicates—on 18 August 1936. He was executed on 2 October 1936, at age 21, while he cried out, "Long live Christ the King!" Born in Pozoblanco 25 November 1914, Bartolome was orphaned as a child, and raised by family with whom he worked. He was an excellent student, studying under the tutelage of the Salesians.

Victoria Díez Bustos de Molina

She was a religious, the member of the same congregation and also a Martyr of the Spanish civil war. She was beatified on 10 October 1993.

Pedro Asúa Mendía

Pedro was educated by Jesuits. Trained as an architect, graduating in 1915. he worked on schools, churches and houses for religious. He was ordained priest in the diocese of Vitoria, Spain in 1924. He was executed on 29 August 1936. He was beatified on 1 November 2014.

Mariano Mullerat i Soldevila

Mariano was a Spanish Roman Catholic doctor who also served as the mayor for Arbeca from 1924 until March 1930. He died on 13 August 1936. He was beatified on 23 March 2019.

Joan Roig i Diggle

Joan was a young layperson of the Archdiocese of Barcelona. He died on 11 September 1936. He was beatified on 7 November 2020.

Isabel Sánchez Romero

Isabel was a religious from the Dominican Order. She died on 15 February 1937. She was set to be beatified on 19 September 2020 but it was postponed to 18 June 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic.

José María of Manila (Spanish: José María de Manila : 5 September 1880 – 17 August 1936) was a Filipino-born Spanish Catholic priest and friar of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was martyred in the early phase of the Spanish Civil War, and is the third Filipino to have been declared blessed by the Roman Catholic Church.

Born Eugenio del Sanz-Orozco Mortera

5 September 1880

Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines

Died 17 August 1936 (aged 55)

Madrid, Spain

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 13 October 2013, Tarragona,

Spain by Angelo Amato

Major shrine Filipino Saints Gallery, Manila Cathedral,

Philippines

Feast 6 November

Beatification

Background

During the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, the Catholic Church in Spain supported and was strongly supported by and associated with the Spanish monarchy. The Second Spanish Republic saw an alternation of leftist and conservative coalition governments between 1931 and 1936. Amidst the disorder caused by the military coup of July 1936, many supporters of the Republican government pointed their weapons against individuals they considered local reactionaries, including priests and nuns.

A paradoxic case for foreign Catholics was that of the Basque Nationalist Party, at the time a Catholic party from the Basque areas, who after some hesitation supported the Republican government in exchange for an autonomous government in the Basque Country. Although virtually every other group on the Republican side was involved in the anticlerical persecution, the Basques did not play a part.[16] The Vatican diplomacy tried to orient them to the National side, explicitly supported by Cardinal Isidro Goma y Tomas, but the BNP feared the centralism of the Nationals. Some Catalan nationalists also found themselves in the same situation, such as members of de Unió Democràtica de Catalunya party whose most relevant leader, Manuel Carrasco i Formiguera was killed by the Nationalists in Burgos in 1938.

Controversy

A number of controversies have arisen around the beatification of some of these clerics. Some objectors oppose the notion of these priests being killed for mere religious hatred and, while not excusing their brutal murders, putting them in the context of the historical moment. Others question the appropriateness of beatification for some individuals who have less than saintly backgrounds. A third objection is the perceived partiality of the Church, where victims of the left have been proposed for beatification, while victims of the right have been ignored.

Of the first objection, one of the most notable cases has centered on Cruz Laplana y Laguna, Bishop of Cuenca, a well-known supporter of the monarchist regime. After the proclamation of the Second Republic he carried out a number of right-wing political campaigns throughout the province, and had established close contacts with military officials such as General Joaquín Fanjul, a supporter of the Nationalist rebellion. Laplana y Laguna was described by his biographer as "supreme advisor" to the general, as well as being closely involved with the Falange. In 1936 he personally endorsed Falangista leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera as a candidate in the 1936 local elections. When the Nationalist uprising in Cuenca failed, Laplana y Lagun was arrested by Republican militiamen for treason. He was tried for conspiring against the Republican government and executed on 8 August.[17]

Another is Fulgencio Martínez, a priest in the village of La Paca in Murcia, who was shot after the uprising, who was reported by many locals to be closely allied to the local landowners. Over several days before the uprising, Father Fulgencio met with these landowners in the village casino—the hub of social life for the local elites in rural Spain—to organize support for the rebellion. He offered guns and money to anyone who would join an improvised militia. On 18 July, the day of the uprising, Father Fulgencio was among the persons who went through the village streets on lorries, rallying support for the uprising with shouts of "Viva el Ejército!" ("Long live the Army") and "Viva General Queipo de Llano!"[18]

Public statements by some of these clerics have also been widely publicised as a form of criticism against their beatification. Rigoberto Domenech, Archbishop of Zaragoza, declared publicly on 11 August 1936 that the military uprising was to be supported, and its defensive actions approved, because "it is not done in the service of anarchy, but in the benefit of order, fatherland, and religion" in response to the Red Terror. Another statement was that given in November 1938 by Leopoldo Eijo Garay, Bishop of Madrid-Alcalá, regarding a possible truce between Republican and rebel forces: "To tolerate democratic liberalism... would be to betray the martyrs."[19]

Of the second, the controversy surrounding the beatification of Augustinian Friar Gabino Olaso Zabala, listed as a companion of Avelino Rodriguez Alonso, concerns his previous life. Friar Zabala was martyred during the Civil War and was beatified. Attention was called to the fact that Fr. Olaso had been a missionary in the Philippines during the Katipunan rebellion against Spanish rule, and had been accused of torturing Friar Mariano Dacanay, an alleged rebel sympathizer.[20] However this objection ignores the Church proclamation that even sinners can repent and turn into saints, such as in the case of Augustine of Hippo. It also misunderstands the nature of a cause for martyrdom, where the primary factor is the person's death due to religious hatred of the faith, rather than the saintliness of his previous life.

The third objection refers to the Church's attitude to victims of Nationalist repression. Regarding the attitude of the Vatican, Manuel Montero, lecturer of the University of the Basque Country commented on 6 May 2007:

The Church, which upheld the idea of a 'National Crusade' in order to legitimize the military rebellion, was a belligerent part during the Civil War, even at the cost of alienating part of its members. It continues in a belligerent role in its unusual answer to the Historical Memory Law by recurring to the beatification of 498 "martyrs" of the Civil War. The priests executed by Franco's Army are not counted among them... Its selective criteria regarding the religious persons that were part of its ranks are difficult to fathom. The priests who were victims of the republicans are "martyrs who died forgiving", but those priests who were executed by the Francoists are forgotten.[21]

While much of Republican Spain was anti-clerical in sentiment, the Basque region, which also supported the Republic, was not; the clergy of the region stood against the Nationalist coup, and suffered accordingly. At least 16 Basque nationalist priests (among them the arch-priest of Mondragón) were killed by the Nationalists,[22] and hundreds more were imprisoned or deported.[23] This included several priests who tried to halt the killings.[24] To date, the Vatican has failed to consider these clergy as martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, since they were not murdered in hatred of the Faith (odium fidei), a prerequisite for the recognition of martyrdom