இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 10

 St. Tryphon

Feastday: November 10

Death: 251

Martyr popular in the early Greek Church, also called Trypho. He was supposedly a gooseherder near Apamea (modern Syria) who was executed at Nicaea (modem Turkey) under Emperor Trajanus Decius. Attached to his feast day since the eleventh century have been two other saints, Respicius and Nympha, of whom nothing is known. Owing to the lack of documentation, the cult was suppressed in 1969.

Saint Tryphon of Campsada (Greek: Τρύφων; also spelled Trypho, Trifon, Triphon) was a 3rd-century Christian saint. He is venerated by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches as a great martyr and holy unmercenary.

Saint Tryphon was formerly celebrated jointly with Saints Respicius and Nympha on 10 November in the liturgical calendar of the Latin Church from the eleventh century until the twentieth,[1] and remains on the liturgical calendar of the extraordinary form of the Roman rite. Saint Tryphon continues to be celebrated (separately) on 1 February [O.S. 14 February] on both the Orthodox liturgical calendar and the Roman Calendar of Saints.

Pope Saint Leo the Great

 புனிதர் முதலாம் லியோ 

45ம் திருத்தந்தை/ மறைவல்லுனர்:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. சுமார் 400

டஸ்கனி, மேற்கத்திய ரோமப்பேரரசு

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 10, 461

ரோம் நகரம், மேற்கத்திய ரோமப்பேரரசு

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 10

ஏற்கும் சமயம்: 

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்

திருத்தந்தை முதலாம் லியோ (Pope Leo I) கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் 45ம் திருத்தந்தையாக கி.பி. 440ம் ஆண்டு, செப்டம்பர் மாதம், 29ம் நாளிலிருந்து கி.பி. 461ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 10ம் நாள் வரை ஆட்சி செய்தார். திருச்சபை வரலாற்றிலேயே முதன்முதலாக "பெரிய"/ "மகா" (Great) என்னும் அடைமொழி பெற்ற முதல் திருத்தந்தை இவரேயாவார்.

முதலாம் லியோ கி.பி. சுமார் 400ம் ஆண்டில் இத்தாலிய உயர்குடியைச் சார்ந்த பெற்றோருக்குப் பிறந்தார். "திருத்தந்தையர் நூல்" (Liber Pontificalis) என்னும் ஏடு அவர் பிறந்த இடமாக இத்தாலியின் “டஸ்கனி” (Tuscany) பிரதேசத்தைக் குறிக்கிறது.

வாழ்க்கையின் முக்கிய நிகழ்ச்சிகள்:

திருத்தந்தை முதலாம் லியோவின் வாழ்க்கை நிகழ்ச்சிகளுள் மிகவும் பெயர்பெற்றதாகக் கருதப்படுவது, அவர் கி.பி. 452ம் ஆண்டில் வடக்கிலிருந்து இத்தாலியை நோக்கிப் படையெடுத்துவந்த “அட்டிலா” என்னும் “ஹுண்” (Attila the Hun) இனப் போர்த்தலைவரை சந்தித்து அப்படையெடுப்பு நிகழாமல் தடுத்து, இத்தாலியைப் பாதுகாத்தது ஆகும்.

மேலும், திருத்தந்தை லியோ திருச்சபையின் முக்கிய பொதுச்சங்கங்களுள் ஒன்றாகிய “கால்செடோன் பொதுச்சங்கத்தில்” (கி.பி. 451) (Council of Chalcedon) நிகழ்ந்த விவாதங்களுக்கு அடிப்படையான கருத்துக்கோப்புகளை வழங்கியது ஆகும். இச்சங்கமானது இயேசு கிறிஸ்து யார் என்பது பற்றி விவாதித்தது. இயேசு உண்மையிலேயே கடவுளாகவும் உண்மையிலேயே மனிதராகவும் உள்ளார் என்றும், இயேசுவின் மனித இயல்பும் இறை இயல்பும் ஒரே தெய்விக தன்மையில் குழப்பமோ பிளவோ இன்றி இணைந்துள்ளன என்றும் வரையறுத்தது.

வாழ்க்கையின் முதற்கட்டம்:

"திருத்தந்தையர் வரலாறு" (Liber Pontificalis) என்னும் பண்டைய ஏடு தரும் தகவல்படி, திருத்தந்தை லியோ, இத்தாலியின் “டஸ்கனி” (Tuscany) பிரதேசத்தில் பிறந்தார். கி.பி. 431ம் ஆண்டில் அவர் திருத்தொண்டர் (Deacon) பணியை திருத்தந்தை “முதலாம் செலஸ்டின்” (Pope Celestine I) ஆட்சியின்கீழ் தொடங்கியிருந்தார். அப்போது அலெக்சாந்திரியா நகர் மறைமுதல்வர் சிரில் (Cyril of Alexandria), பாலத்தீனத்தின்மீது “யூவனல்” (Juvenal of Jerusalem) என்பவர் ஆட்சியதிகாரம் தமக்கு உண்டு என்றதை உரோமைத் திருச்சபை கண்டிக்கவேண்டும் என்று கேட்டு லியோவுக்கு (அல்லது திருத்தந்தை முதலாம் செலஸ்டினுக்கு) கடிதம் எழுதினார். இதிலிருந்து லியோ ஒரு முக்கிய பதவியில் இருந்தார் எனத் தெரிகிறது.

ஏறக்குறைய அச்சமயத்தில் “ஜான் காசியன்” (John Cassian) என்பவர் “நெஸ்டோரியஸ்” (Nestorius) என்பவரின் திரிபுக்கொள்கையைக் கண்டித்து எழுதிய நூலை லியோவுக்கு அர்ப்பணித்தார். அத்தகைய நூலை எழுதும்படி லியோ, காசியனிடம் கேட்டிருந்தார்.

மேலும், ரோமப் பேரரசரே லியோவின் உதவியை நாடிவந்தார். ரோமைப் பேரரசின் பகுதியாக இருந்த “கால்” (Gaul) பிரதேசத்தில் இரு மேலதிகாரிகளுக்கு இடையே ஏற்பட்ட கருத்துமோதலைத் தீர்த்துவைக்க லியோ அனுப்பப்பட்டார்.

இவ்வாறு “கால்” (Gaul) பகுதிக்கு அரசு சார்பாக லியோ தூது சென்ற சமயத்தில் திருத்தந்தை “மூன்றாம் சிக்ஸ்டஸ்” (Pope Sixtus III), கி.பி. 440ம் ஆண்டு, ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், 11ம் நாள் உயிர்நீத்தார். அவருக்குப் பின்னர், செப்டம்பர் மாதம், 29ம் நாள், திருத்தந்தையாக ஒருமனதாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டவரே முதலாம் லியோ.

லியோவின் திருத்தந்தைப் பணிக்காலம் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையில் பெரிய தாக்கத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியது. குறிப்பாக உரோமைத் திருச்சபையின் மைய அதிகாரம் பேரளவாக உறுதிப்படுத்தப்பட்டது.

இயேசு கிறிஸ்து பற்றிய போதனை:

திருத்தந்தை வழங்கிய போதனைகள் பெரும்பாலும் இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவின் இயல்பு பற்றியும், இயேசு கொணர்ந்த மீட்புப் பற்றியும் அமைந்தன. அவர் அளித்த மறையுரைகள், அவர் எழுதிய மடல்கள் போன்றவற்றில் இந்தப் போதனை அடங்கியுள்ளது.

திருத்தந்தைக்கு உரிய அதிகாரப் பொறுப்பு:

திருத்தந்தை லியோ தம் பணியைப் பற்றி விவரிக்கும்போது, தாம் “தூய பேதுருவின்” (St. Peter) வாரிசில் வருவதைச் சுட்டிக்காட்டினார். அதற்கு முந்திய திருத்தந்தையர் தாம் புனித பேதுருவின் பணிப்பொறுப்பில் வாரிசுகள் என்றும், பேதுரு உரோமையில் பணிசெய்து, மறைச்சாட்சியாக உயிர்துறந்து அங்கேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டிருப்பதால் உரோமைத் திருப்பீடம் தனி அதிகாரம் கொண்டது என்று மட்டுமே போதித்திருந்தனர்.

திருத்தந்தை லியோ, தாம் பதவி ஏற்ற ஐந்தாம் ஆண்டு நிகழ்வின் போது ஆற்றிய மறையுரையில் கீழ்வருமாறு கூறினார்:

"நிலையாக இருக்கின்ற பாறையான இயேசு, பாறையான பேதுருவுக்கு வழங்கிய நிலையான தன்மையைப் பேதுரு தம் வழிவருவோருக்கு வழங்கினார்."

அதிலிருந்து திருத்தந்தையர் தம்மை புனித பேதுருவின் வழித்தோன்றல்களாக மட்டுமன்றி, தாம் பிற ஆயர்கள் மேலும், நம்பிக்கைகொண்டோர் மேலும் அதிகாரம் கொண்டவர்கள் என்பதை வலியுறுத்தத் தொடங்கினர்.

திருத்தந்தை லியோ, இத்தாலி நாட்டு ஆயர்கள் தம் அதிகாரத்துக்கு உட்பட்டவர்கள் என்பதை எடுத்துரைத்தார். மிலான் மற்றும் வட இத்தாலியின் பிற பகுதிகளில் அருட்பணி ஒழுங்காக நடைபெறவும், தவறுகள் திருத்தப்படவும், கருத்து வேறுபாடுகள் அகற்றப்படவும் அவர் தம் அதிகாரத்தைப் பயன்படுத்தினார்.

ஸ்பெயின் நாட்டில் தோன்றிய “பிரிசிலிய கொள்கை” (Priscillianism), மனித உடல் தீமையானது என்று கூறியதை லியோ கண்டித்து, அக்கொள்கையை மறுப்பதற்கான வழிமுறைகளைக் காட்டினார்.

அதுபோலவே, வடக்கு ஆப்பிரிக்க திருச்சபையிலும் சர்ச்சைகள் ஏற்பட்டபோது அவற்றிற்குத் தீர்வுகாண ஆயர்கள் திருத்தந்தை லியோவை அணுகினர்.

ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாட்டின் தென்பகுதி தமது ஆட்சி அதிகாரத்திற்கு உட்பட்டதே என்று “ஹிலரி” (Hilary) என்னும் ஆயர் கூறியபோது, திருத்தந்தை லியோ அக்கருத்தை ஏற்க மறுத்ததோடு, ஹிலரி தமது மறைமாவட்ட எல்லைகளுக்குள் மட்டுமே அதிகாரம் கொண்டவர் என்றும் வலியுறுத்தினார்.

மறைமாவட்டங்களின் ஆயர்களைத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கும் பொறுப்பு அந்தந்த மறைமாவட்டத்தின் குருக்கள், இறைமக்களைச் சார்ந்தது என்று லியோ கூறினார். "அனைவருக்கும் பணி புரிய அழைக்கப்பட்டவர் அனைவராலும் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட வேண்டும்" என்றொரு கொள்கையை அவர் முன்வைத்தார்.

இறப்பு:

திருத்தந்தை லியோ கி.பி. 461ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 10ம் நாள் இறந்தார். அவருடைய உடல் ரோம் நகரிலுள்ள, புனித பேதுரு பெருங்கோவிலின் உள்முற்றத்தில் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது. கி.பி. 688ம் ஆண்டில், கோவிலுக்கு உள்ளே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது. கல்லறை மீது சிறப்பான விதத்தில் ஒரு பீடமும் நிறுவப்பட்டது.

மறைவல்லுநர் பட்டம்:

கி.பி. 1754ம் ஆண்டில், திருத்தந்தை லியோவுக்கு “திருச்சபையின் மறைவல்லுநர்” (Doctor of the Church) என்னும் பட்டம் வழங்கப்பட்டது. திருச்சபையின் போதனையைத் தெளிவாகவும் விளக்கமாகவும் பல மறையுரைகள், நூல்கள், விளக்கவுரைகள் வழியாக அளித்து, திருச்சபையை மிகத் திறமையாக வழிநடத்திச் சென்றதால் அவருக்கு "பெரிய"/ "மகா" (Great) என்னும் அடைமொழி கொடுத்து அழைப்பது வழக்கம்.

Also known as

Leo I

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Born to the Italian nobility. Strong student, especially in scripture and theology. Priest. Eloquent writer and homilist.

Pope from 440 to 461 during the time of the invasion of Attila the Hun. When Attila marched on Rome, Leo went out to meet him and pleaded for him to leave. As Leo spoke, Attila saw the vision of a man in priestly robes, carrying a bare sword, and threatening to kill the invader if he did not obey Leo; Attila left. As Leo had a great devotion to Saint Peter the Apostle, it is generally believed the first pope was the visionary opponent to the Huns. When Genseric invaded Rome, Leo's sanctity and eloquence saved the city again.

Called the Council of Chalcedon to condemn heresies of the day. Fought Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Manichaeism, and Pelagianism. Built churches. Wrote letters and sermons encouraging and teaching his flock, many of which survive today; it is for these writings that Leo was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church in 1574.

Born

c.400 at Tuscany, Italy

Papal Ascension

29 September 440

Died

11 April 461 at Rome, Italy

Saint Andrew Avellino

மறைப்பணியாளர் அந்திரேயாஸ் அவேலினோ Andreas Avellino

பிறப்பு 

1521, 

சிசிலி Sizilien, இத்தாலி

இறப்பு 

10 நவம்பர் 1608, 

நேயாப்பல் Neapel, இத்தாலி

புனிதர்பட்டம்: 1712, திருத்தந்தை 11 ஆம் கிளமெண்ட்

இவர் தனது குருத்துவப்பட்டம் பெற்றபின், சிசிலி சென்று சட்டக்கலையை பயின்றார். பின்னர் திருச்சபை சட்ட வல்லுநராக பணியாற்றினார். ஆனால் அப்பணியில் அவரின் மனம் நிறைவடையவில்லை. ஆன்ம குருவாக பணியாற்ற வேண்டுமென்பதையே பெரிதும் விரும்பினார். அதனால் 1556 ஆம் ஆண்டு, சிசிலியிலிருந்த துறவற சபை ஒன்றில் சேர்ந்து மறைப்பணியாளராக பணியாற்றினார். பலருக்கு ஆன்ம வழிகாட்டியாக திகழ்ந்தார். அழகிய எளிமையான மறையுரையால் பல ஆன்மாக்களை பாவ வாழ்விலிருந்து மீட்டார். பின்னர் இவர் அத்துறவற சபையினை வழிநடத்தும் பொறுப்பையும் ஏற்றார். தன் பணியில் மகிழ்ச்சியடைந்த அந்திரேயாஸ் தனது 87 ஆம் வயதில் இறந்தார்.

Also known as

• Andrea Avellino

• Lancelotto

• Lorenzo Avellino

Profile

Studied humanities and philosophy at Venice, Italy. Doctor of civil and ecclesiastical law. Ordained at age 26.

Lawyer at the ecclesiastical court at Naples, Italy. During a heated courtroom argument on behalf of a friend, he supported his position with a lie; in that setting, he had committed perjury. It shook him so badly, he gave up the legal profession, and settled into a life of penance.

Commissioned by his archbishop to reform the convent of Sant' Arcangelo at Naples, a house of such lax discipline it had became a topic of gossip in the city. Through good example, constant work, and the backing of his bishop Lorenzo managed to restore celibate discipline to the house, but was nearly killed for his efforts when he was attacked by people who had been ordered off the premises.

The night of the attack, he was taken to the house of the Theatine Clerks Regular. He was so impressed with them that he joined the Theatines at age 35, taking the name Andrew in reference to the crucified Apostle. Master of novices for ten years. Superior of the Order. Founded Theatine houses in Milan, Italy and Piacenza, Italy and helped establish others. Eloquent preacher, and popular missioner and spiritual director, bringing many back to the Church. Writer and extensive correspondent. Friend and advisor of Saint Charles Borromeo.

Suffered a stroke while celebrating Mass, and died soon after. Legend says that his blood bubbled and liquified after death, which led some to think that his stroke had left him catatonic, and that he was buried alive; a papal investigator found no credibility to any of this.

Born

1521 at Castronuovo, Sicily as Lorenzo (called Lancelotto by his mother)

Died

• 10 November 1608 at Naples, Italy of a stroke

• relics enshrined at the Church of Saint Paul in Naples

Beatified

10 June 1625 by Pope Urban VIII

Canonized

22 May 1712 by Pope Clement XI

Saint Baudolino

Profile

Born to the nobility. Gave away all his wealth to the poor, and lived as a hermit in a hut on the banks of the River Tanaro. Miracle worker with the gifts of clairvoyance and prophesy; wild animals were reported to come to his hut to hear him speak about God. Tradition says that in 1174 he appeared on the walls of the city of Alessandria, putting a beseiging army to flight. Legends grew up around him, many of which turned him into a bishop or archbishop instead of the simple hermit he was.

Born

c.700

Died

• c.740 of natural causes

• interred at Villa del Foro, Italy

• relics moved to a Humiliati church in Alessandria, Italy when Villa del Foro and Alessandria merged in 1168

• relics moved to the church of Saint Alessandro in 1803

• relics moved to the Saint Baudolino chapel in the Alessandria cathedral in 1810

Saint Justus of Canterbury

Profile

Benedictine monk. Priest. Missionary to the Anglo-Saxons in 601, sent by Pope Saint Gregory the Great. Worked with Saint Augustine of Canterbury, Saint Paulinus of York, and Saint Lawrence of Canterbury. First bishop of Rochester, England in 604. In 616, the death of King Saint Ethelbert of Kent led to a resurgence of paganism; Justus and Saint Mellitus of Canterbury retreated to Gaul, but in 617 returned and resumed their work. Archbishop of Canterbury in 624.

Born

Rome, Italy

Died

• 627 of natural causes

• buried in Saint Augustine's abbey, Canterbury, England

Saint Aedh mac Bricc

Also known as

• Aedh mac Breece

• Aed, Aod, Aedsind

Profile

Son of Breece (Bricc) of the Hy Neill, the boy grew up working on his father's farm. When his father died, Aedh's brother refused to give him his rightful inheritance. Aedh planned to kidnap a girl from his brother's household to force the issue, but Illathan, bishop of Rathlihen, Offay, talked him out of it. Aedh stayed with the bishop to study and start a new life. He founded a monastery at Cill-áir in Westmreath. Bishop. Founded churches throughout Meath. Reputed to have miraculously cured Saint Brigid of Ireland of a headache which to a tradition of his intervention for that problem.

Born

Meath, Ireland

Died

589 of natural causes

Saint Theoctiste of Lesbos

Also known as

Theoctiste of Paros

Profile

Orphaned as a child, Theoctiste was raised in a convent. Kidnapped by Arab raiders and forced into slavery on Paros island. She escaped and lived for for over 30 years as a hermitess in an old church. She was discovered one day by a hunter named Simon; she begged him to bring her Communion when he could. He returned a year later, she made her first Communion in decades, and died soon after.

Born

Lesbos, Greece

Died

10th century of natural causes

Saint Elaeth the King

Also known as

• Elaeth Frenluuin

• Eleth

Profile

Sixth century king in northern Britain. Driven into Wales by the Picts, he surrended authority and became a monk. Spiritual student of Saint Seiriol and Saint Meirion at Anglesey, Wales. Poet, some of whose works have survived to today.

Born

British

Died

of natural causes

Blessed Joaquín Piña Piazuelo

Also known as

Sister Acisclo

Profile

Blessed Joaquín Piña Piazuelo, also known as Sister Acisclo, was a Spanish Roman Catholic nun and mystic. She was born in Almonacid de la Sierra, Spain, in 1794, and entered the Order of Discalced Carmelites at the age of 16. She was known for her deep devotion to God and her commitment to prayer and penance. She also had a gift for prophecy and healing.

Sister Acisclo died in 1854, and her tomb quickly became a place of pilgrimage for people seeking her intercession. She was beatified by Pope Francis in 2019.

Saint Tryphaena of Iconium

Profile

Convert. Knew and were mentioned by Saint Paul the Apostle in the Letter to the Romans. Tradition associates her with Saint Thecla of Iconium.

Died

1st century at Iconium, Lycaonia (in modern Turkey)

Readings

Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. - Romans 16:12a

Saint Tryphosa of Iconium

Profile

Convert. Knew and were mentioned by Saint Paul the Apostle in the Letter to the Romans. Tradition associates her with Saint Thecla of Iconium.

Died

1st century at Iconium, Lycaonia (in modern Turkey)

Readings

Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. - Romans 16:12a

Saint Grellen

புனித_கிரேலன் (ஜந்தாம் நூற்றாண்டு)

நவம்பர் 10

இவர் (#St_Grellen) அயர்லாந்து நாட்டைச் சார்ந்தவர்.

இவர் 'அயர்லாந்தின் திருத்தூதர்' என அழைக்கப்படும் புனித பேட்ரிக்கிற்கு, அங்கு நற்செய்தி அறிவிக்கப் பெரிதும் உதவியாக இருந்தார்.

ஒருமுறை இவர் அயர்லாந்தில் மன்னராக இருந்த துவாக் கல்லாக் என்பவருடைய மகனைச் சாவிலிருந்து காப்பாற்றினார். அதனால் மிகவும் மகிழ்ந்த மன்னர், ஆசாத் என்ற இடத்தில் கோயில் கட்ட நிலம் தந்தார்.

அந்த நிலத்தில் இவர் கோயிலைக் கட்டி, அங்கு ஆன்மிகம் தழைக்கச் செய்தார்.

Also known as

Grellan

Profile

Missionary in Ireland, assigned by Saint Patrick to build a church at Achadh Fionnabhrach; king Duach Gallach gave Grellan land for the church after Grellan brought back to life by baptism Duach Gallach's stillborn son, Eoghan Sriabh.

Saint John of Ratzenburg

Also known as

John of Saxony

Profile

Missionary to Germany. Bishop of Ratzenburg, Germany. Evangelized the Baltic Coast. Martyred by local pagans.

Born

Scotland

Died

hands, feet and then head cut off in 1066

Saint Orestes of Cappadocia

Also known as

Orestes of Tyana

Profile

Saint Orestes of Cappadocia was a soldier and martyr who lived during the reign of Diocletian (284-311 AD). He was born in the city of Tyana in Cappadocia, a region in central Asia Minor. From a young age, Orestes was a devout Christian.

When Diocletian began his persecution of Christians, Orestes was one of the first to be arrested. He was brought before the governor, Maximinus, and ordered to renounce his faith. Orestes refused, and was subjected to various tortures. He was beaten, scourged, and burned with fire. But he remained steadfast in his faith.

Finally, Maximinus ordered that Orestes be tied to a horse and dragged over rocks and thorns until he died. Orestes suffered this martyrdom with great patience and courage. He died on November 10, 304 AD.

Saint Orestes is venerated as a martyr by the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is also commemorated in the Roman Catholic Church on November 10. He is often depicted in icons with a horse, symbolizing his martyrdom.

Died

tortured to death in 304 at Tyana, Cappadocia (in modern Turkey)

Saint Narses of Subagord

Also known as

Narses the Martyr

Profile

Bishop of Subagord, Persia (modern Iran). Martyred with a spiritual student named Joseph in the persecutions of Shapur II.

Died

c.399 in Persia

Saint Probus of Ravenna

Profile

Saint Probus of Ravenna was a bishop of Ravenna, Italy, who lived in the 2nd century AD. He is mentioned in the Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, a history of the bishops of Ravenna written in the 6th century by Agnellus of Ravenna. According to Agnellus, Probus was the seventh bishop of Ravenna, and he was succeeded by Bishop Aderitus.

Very little is known about Saint Probus' life or ministry. He is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 10.

Agnellus of Ravenna writes that Saint Probus was buried in a basilica dedicated to him in Classe, a suburb of Ravenna. The basilica was destroyed in the 6th century, but Saint Probus' relics were later enshrined in the church of Sant'Apollinare in Classe.

Born

Rome, Italy

Died

• c.175 of natural causes

• relics in the cathedral of Ravenna, Italy

Saint Hadelin of Sees

Also known as

Adelheim of Sees

Profile

Benedictine monk at Saint-Calais, France. Abbot at Saint-Calais. Bishop of Sees, France for 26 years from 884.

Died

c.910

Saint Guerembaldus

Profile

Benedictine monk at Hirschau, Germany. Elected to the bishopric of Spire, Germany, but turned it down, citing his own unworthiness.

Died

965 of natural causes

Saint Eustosius of Antioch

Also known as

Eustasius

Profile

Saint Eustathius of Antioch was a Christian bishop and archbishop of Antioch in the 4th century. He was a staunch opponent of Arianism, a heresy that denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Eustathius was a brilliant theologian and a gifted orator. He was also a man of great piety and moral integrity.

Eustathius was born in Side, Pamphylia, in Asia Minor around the year 270 AD. He was educated in the classics and in the Christian faith. In 320 AD, he was consecrated bishop of Beroea (modern Aleppo, Syria). In 325 AD, he was elected archbishop of Antioch, one of the most important episcopal sees in the early Christian church.

Eustathius played a leading role in the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD), which condemned Arianism and affirmed the divinity of Jesus Christ. He was also a vocal critic of Eusebius of Caesarea, a powerful Arian bishop who had the ear of the emperor Constantine the Great.

In 330 AD, Eusebius of Caesarea convened a synod in Antioch which deposed Eustathius on false charges of adultery and heresy. Eustathius was exiled to Thrace, where he died in around 360 AD.

Died

at Antioch, Syria, date unknown

Saint Anianus the Deacon

Also known as

Anian

Profile

Saint Anianus the Deacon was one of the earliest and most revered Christian saints in Egypt. He was ordained as a deacon by Saint Mark the Evangelist, and he served as Mark's right-hand man in establishing the Christian Church in Alexandria.

After Saint Mark's martyrdom, Anianus became the first bishop of Alexandria. He led the church for 14 years, during which time he ordained new priests and deacons, built churches, and spread the Christian faith throughout Egypt.

Saint Anianus was a wise and compassionate leader. He was known for his humility and his commitment to serving the poor and needy. He was also a strong defender of the Christian faith, and he opposed heresy and schism.

Saint Anianus died in peace in 82 AD. He is venerated as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church.

Died

at Antioch, Syria, date unknown

Saint Monitor of Orleans

Profile

Saint Monitor of Orleans was the twelfth bishop of Orleans, France. He lived in the 8th century AD, during a time of political turmoil in France.

Monitor was a wise and compassionate leader. He was known for his commitment to peace and justice. He also worked to promote monasticism and education in his diocese.

Under Monitor's leadership, the Church in Orleans flourished. He built new churches and monasteries, and he ordained many new priests and deacons. He also established schools and libraries, and he encouraged the study of the Bible and the writings of the Church Fathers.

Monitor was a strong defender of the Catholic faith. He opposed heresy and schism, and he worked to promote unity among the Christians in his diocese. He was also a generous benefactor to the poor and needy.

Monitor died in 760 AD, and he was buried in the cathedral of Orleans. He is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 10th.

Died

c.490

Saint Demetrius of Antioch

Profile

Saint Demetrius of Antioch (200-260 AD) was a bishop of Antioch in the 3rd century AD. He was a staunch defender of the Orthodox faith and a martyr for the truth.

Demetrius was born in Antioch, Syria, to a wealthy and influential family. He received a classical education and was well-versed in the Christian faith. In 249 AD, he was consecrated bishop of Antioch.

During his episcopacy, Demetrius faced many challenges. The Roman Empire was in turmoil, and the Christian Church was being persecuted. But Demetrius remained steadfast in his faith, and he encouraged his flock to do the same.

In 253 AD, Demetrius was taken prisoner by the Persian king Shapur I. He was imprisoned for several years, but he continued to preach the Gospel to his fellow prisoners. He was eventually released and returned to Antioch, where he continued to serve as bishop until his death in 260 AD.

Died

at Antioch, Syria, date unknown

Saint Joseph the Martyr

Profile

Spiritual student of Saint Narses the Martyr, and martyred with him in Persia.

Saint Joseph the Martyr was a spiritual student of Saint Narses the Martyr. They were both martyred in Persia in the 4th century AD.

According to the Syriac Orthodox Church, Joseph was born in the village of Beth-Katoba in Persia. He was a devout Christian and a scholar of the Holy Scriptures. He became a disciple of Saint Narses, who was a famous bishop and theologian.

In 376 AD, King Shapur II of Persia launched a persecution of Christians. Saint Narses was one of the first to be arrested. He was tortured and imprisoned for refusing to renounce his faith.

Joseph was also arrested and tortured. He was then taken to the city of Hdajab, where he was stoned to death by apostate Christians. Joseph was martyred on the Friday after Pentecost in 377 AD.

Saint Joseph the Martyr is venerated by the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Roman Catholic Church

Saint Leo of Melun

Profile

Venerated at Melun, France, but no details of their life have survived.Saint Leo of Melun is a saint venerated at Melun, near Paris, France. There is very little information available about his life or ministry. He is mentioned in the "Martyrologium Romanum" on November 10th, but there is no other reliable source for his biography.

According to tradition, Leo was a bishop of Melun in the 3rd or 4th century AD. He is said to have been a martyr, but the circumstances of his martyrdom are unknown.

Saint Leo is often depicted in art with a pastoral staff and a book, symbolizing his role as a bishop. He is also sometimes depicted with a lamb, symbolizing his innocence and his sacrifice.

Saint Leo is a popular saint in Melun, and his feast day is celebrated on November 10th.

Saint Nonnus of Heliopolis

Profile

Bishop of Heliopolis in 471.Saint Nonnus of Heliopolis was a legendary 4th- or 5th-century Christian saint, said to have been an Egyptian monk who became a bishop in Syria and was responsible for the conversion of St Pelagia the harlot during one of the Synods of Antioch. His feast day is observed on November 10.

According to a hagiography attributed to James the Deacon, Nonnus was a "perfect monk" from Tabennisi in Egypt who, "by reason of his virtuous life," became bishop of Heliopolis, converting "all its inhabitants" and baptizing 30,000 Arabs.

One day, while Nonnus was attending a church council in Antioch, the town's most famous courtesan, Margarita ("Pearl"), passed by. Nonnus is said to have rebuked the bishops present for taking less care of their souls than she did of her body. Margarita overheard this and was so moved that she repented of her sinful life and became a Christian.

Nonnus is also credited with converting St Pelagia the harlot. Pelagia was a famous actress and courtesan in Antioch. She was known for her beauty and her extravagant lifestyle. One day, Pelagia overheard Nonnus preaching about the dangers of sin and the joys of heaven. She was so moved by his sermon that she decided to repent of her sinful life and become a Christian.

Pelagia went to Nonnus and begged him to baptize her. Nonnus agreed, but on the condition that she would live a life of penance and prayer. Pelagia agreed, and she was baptized. After her baptism, Pelagia retired to a monastery, where she lived a life of holiness and austerity until her death.

Saint Nonnus is remembered as a compassionate and zealous pastor. He was also a staunch defender of the Christian faith. He is a role model for all Christians, reminding us that it is never too late to repent and turn to God.

Martyrs of Agde

Profile

A group of Christians who were tortured and martyred together in the persecutions of Diocletian. The only details about them to survive are the names - Florentia, Modestus and Tiberius.

Died

martyred c.303 in Agde, France

Martyred Sisters Adorers

Profile

23 nuns, all members of the Sisters Adorers, Handmaids of Charity and of the Blessed Sacrament who were martyred together in the Spanish Civil War.

• Blessed Aurea González

• Blessed Belarmina Pérez Martínez

• Blessed Cecilia Iglesias del Campo

• Blessed Concepción Vázquez Areas

• Blessed Dionisia Rodríguez De Anta

• Blessed Emilia Echevarría Fernández

• Blessed Felipa Gutierrez Garay

• Blessed Francisca Pérez de Labeaga García

• Blessed Josepa Boix Rieras

• Blessed Lucía González García

• Blessed Luisa Pérez Adriá

• Blessed Magdalena Pérez

• Blessed Manuela Arriola Uranda

• Blessed María Dolores Hernández San Torcuato

• Blessed María Dolores Monzón Rosales

• Blessed María García Ferreiro

• Blessed Maria Mercè Tuñi Ustech

• Blessed María Zenona Aranzábal de Barrutia

• Blessed Prima de Ipiña Malzárraga

• Blessed Purificación Martínez Vera

• Blessed Rosa López Brochier

• Blessed Sinforosa Díaz Fernández

• Blessed Teresa Vives Missé

Died

10 November 1936 in Madrid, Spain

Beatified

28 October 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI