இன்றைய புனிதர்கள் நவம்பர் 16

 St. Hugh of Lincoln

Born c. 1135–1140

Avalon, Dauphiné,

Holy Roman Empire

Died 16 November 1200

(aged 60-65)

London, England

Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Anglican Communion

Canonized 17 February 1220 by Pope Honorius III

Major shrine St Mary's Cathedral

Lincoln, England Parkminster Charterhouse

West Sussex

Feast 16 November (Catholic Church)

17 November (Church of England)

Attributes a white swan

Patronage sick children, sick people, shoemakers and swans

Image of St. Hugh of LincolnAs a Carthusian monk of the Grande Chartreuse, near Grenoble, France, Hugh observed the rule of his order with exceptional fidelity. He also manifested a touching affection for the squirrels and birds that frequented the small garden adjoining his monastic cell. Hugh was subsequently sent to England to govern a new Carthusian monastery at Witham. In 1186 he was chosen to become bishop of the English diocese of Lincoln. He showed himself a faithful pastor while continuing the deep spiritual life he had developed as a Carthusian. Every Saturday, he went to confession and celebrated a votive Mass in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was fastidious in the faithful celebration of the Divine Office, immediately leaving whatever he was doing when the time came to begin the office. On one occasion when a fellow bishop wanted to hurry the celebration of Mass in order to be on time for a meeting with the English king, Hugh insisted upon celebrating it in the usual manner, with the accustomed chanting. He told the other bishop: "We must do homage first to the King of kings. No secular employment can dispense us from what we owe to him."

Not to be confused with Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln.

Hugh of Lincoln (c. 1135–1140 – 16 November 1200), also known as Hugh of Avalon, was a French-born Benedictine and Carthusian monk, bishop of Lincoln in the Kingdom of England, and Catholic saint. His feast is observed by Catholics on 16 November and by Anglicans on 17 November.

Life

Hugh was born at the château of Avalon,[1] at the border of the Dauphiné with Savoy, the son of Guillaume, seigneur of Avalon. His mother Anne de Theys died when he was eight, and because his father was a soldier, he went to a boarding school for his education.[2] Guillaume retired from the world to the Augustinian monastery of Villard-Benoît, near Grenoble, and took his son Hugh, with him.[3]

At the age of fifteen, Hugh became a religious novice and was ordained a deacon at the age of nineteen. About 1159, he was sent to be prior of the nearby monastery at Saint-Maximin, presumably already a priest. From that community, he left the Benedictine Order and entered the Grande Chartreuse,[1] then at the height of its reputation for the rigid austerity of its rules and the earnest piety of its members. There he rose to become procurator of his new Order, in which office he served until he was sent in 1179 to become prior of the Witham Charterhouse in Somerset, the first Carthusian house in England.[1]

Henry II of England, as part of his penance for the murder of Thomas Becket, in lieu of going on crusade as he had promised in his first remorse, had established a Carthusian charterhouse sometime before, which was settled by monks brought from the Grande Chartreuse. There were difficulties in advancing the building works, however, and the first prior was retired and a second soon died. It was by the special request of the English king that Hugh, whose fame had reached him through one of the nobles of Maurienne, was made prior.[3]

Hugh found the monks in dire straits, living in log huts and with no plans yet advanced for the more permanent monastery building. Hugh interceded with the king for royal patronage and at last, probably on 6 January 1182, Henry issued a charter of foundation and endowment for Witham Charterhouse. His first attention was given to the building of the Charterhouse. He prepared his plans and submitted them for royal approbation, exacting full compensation from the king for any tenants on the royal estate who would have to be evicted to make room for the building.[3] Hugh presided over the new house till 1186 and attracted many to the community. Among the frequent visitors was King Henry, for the charterhouse lay near the borders of the king's chase in Selwood Forest, a favourite hunting ground. Hugh admonished Henry for keeping dioceses vacant in order to keep their income for the royal chancellery.

In May 1186, Henry summoned a council of bishops and barons at Eynsham Abbey to deliberate on the state of the Church and the filling of vacant bishoprics, including Lincoln. On 25 May 1186 the cathedral chapter of Lincoln was ordered to elect a new bishop and Hugh was elected.[1] Hugh insisted on a second, private election by the canons, securely in their chapterhouse at Lincoln rather than in the king's chapel. His election was confirmed by the result.

Hugh was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln on 21 September 1186[4] at Westminster.[1] Almost immediately he established his independence of the King, excommunicating a royal forester and refusing to seat one of Henry's courtly nominees as a prebendary of Lincoln; he softened the king's anger by his diplomatic address and tactful charm. After the excommunications, he came upon the king hunting and was greeted with dour silence. He waited several minutes and the king called for a needle to sew up a leather bandage on his finger. Eventually Hugh said, with gentle mockery, "How much you remind me of your cousins of Falaise" (where William I's unmarried mother Herleva, a tanner's daughter, had come from). At this Henry just burst out laughing and was reconciled. As a bishop, he was exemplary, constantly in residence or travelling within his diocese, generous with his charity, and scrupulous in the appointments he made. He raised the quality of education at the cathedral school. Hugh was also prominent in trying to protect the Jews, great numbers of whom lived in Lincoln, in the persecution they suffered at the beginning of Richard I's reign, and he put down popular violence against them – as later occurred following the death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln – in several places.

A plan of Lincoln Cathedral drawn by G Dehio (died 1932)

Lincoln Cathedral had been badly damaged by an earthquake in 1185, and Hugh set about rebuilding and greatly enlarging it in the new Gothic style; however, he only lived to see the choir well begun. In 1194, he expanded the St Mary Magdalen's Church, Oxford. Along with Bishop Herbert of Salisbury, Hugh resisted the king's demand for 300 knights for a year's service in his French wars; the entire revenue of both men's offices was then seized by royal agents.[5]

As one of the premier bishops of the Kingdom of England Hugh more than once accepted the role of diplomat to France for Richard and then for King John in 1199, a trip that ruined his health. He consecrated St Giles' Church, Oxford, in 1200. There is a cross consisting of interlaced circles cut into the western column of the tower that is believed to commemorate this. Also in commemoration of the consecration, St Giles' Fair was established and continues to this day each September.[6] While attending a national council in London, a few months later, he was stricken with an unnamed ailment and died two months later on 16 November 1200.[4] He was buried in Lincoln Cathedral.

Bishop Hugh was responsible for the building of the first (wooden) Bishop's Palace at Buckden in Huntingdonshire, halfway between Lincoln and London. Later additions to the Palace were more substantial and a tall brick tower was added in 1475, protected by walls and a moat, and surrounded by an outer bailey. It was used by the bishops until 1842. The Palace, now known as Buckden Towers, is owned by the Claretians and is used as a retreat and conference centre. A Catholic church, dedicated to St Hugh, is located on the site.

Veneration

Tour d'Avalon, Saint-Maximin, Isère, marking St Hugh's birthplace

Hugh was canonised by Pope Honorius III on 17 February 1220,[1] and is the patron saint of sick children, sick people, shoemakers and swans. Hugh is honoured in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival[7] and in the Episcopal Church (USA) on 17 November.

Hugh's Vita, or written life, was composed by his chaplain Adam of Eynsham, a Benedictine monk and his constant associate; it remains in manuscript form in the Bodleian Library in Oxford.

Hugh is the eponym of St Hugh's College, Oxford, where a 1926 statue of the saint stands on the stairs of the Howard Piper Library. In his right hand, he holds an effigy of Lincoln Cathedral, and his left hand rests on the head of a swan.

At Avalon, a round tower in the Romantic Gothic style was built by the Carthusians in 1895 in Hugh's honour on the site of the castle where he was born.[8]

Iconography

Hugh's primary emblem is a white swan, in reference to the story of the swan of Stow, Lincolnshire (site of a palace of the bishops of Lincoln) which had a deep and lasting friendship with the saint, even guarding him while he slept. The swan would follow him about, and was his constant companion while he was at Lincoln. Hugh loved all the animals in the monastery gardens, especially a wild swan that would eat from his hand and follow him about, and yet the swan would attack anyone else who came near Hugh.[2]

Legacy

Both Buckden Towers, and the local Roman Catholic Church in nearby St Neots, are administered by the Claretians.[9] In Lincoln, there is the Roman Catholic St Hugh's Church. There are many parish churches dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln throughout England including the Church of St Hugh of Lincoln in Letchworth founded by Adrian Fortescue.

A number of churches are dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln in the United States, including: Episcopal Churches in Elgin, Illinois;[10] and Allyn, Washington;[11] St Hugh of Lincoln Roman Catholic Church, Huntington Station, New York[2] and St Hugh of Lincoln Roman Catholic Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,[12] St Hugh Roman Catholic Church and School in Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida.[13]

In 2018 St Hugh was made a subject of the BBC Radio 4 drama The Man who bit Mary Magdalene by Colin Bytheway, starring David Jason as the bishop in search of relics that would help in the construction of Lincoln Cathedral.

St. Rufinus

Feastday: November 16

Death: unknown

With Mark, Valerius, and companions, a group of African martyrs put to death a some time during the persecutions by the Roman Empire.

St. Joseph Moscati

Born 25 July 1880

Benevento, Italy

Died 12 April 1927 (aged 46)

Naples, Italy

Venerated in Catholic Church

Beatified 16 November 1975, Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope Paul VI

Canonized 25 October 1987, Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II

Major shrine Gesù Nuovo Church, Naples, Italy

Feast 16 November

Attributes White coat

Stethoscope

Cross

Patronage Biochemistry

Bachelors

Doctors

Physicians

People rejected by Religious Orders[1

Celebrated physician of Naples, Italy, noted for medical research. Joseph gave his wages and skills to caring for the sick and the poor and was a model of piety and faith. He was beatified in 1975 and canonized in 1987.

Giuseppe Moscati (25 July 1880 – 12 April 1927) was an Italian doctor, scientific researcher, and university professor noted both for his pioneering work in biochemistry and for his piety.[2] Moscati was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1987; his feast day is 16 November

Plaque in memory of Giuseppe Moscati affixed to the building in which he lived in Naples

Moscati remained true to his faith his entire life, taking a vow of chastity and practicing charity in his daily work. He viewed his practice of medical science as a way of alleviating suffering, not as a way of making profits, and would retire regularly for prayer.[6] He also attended Mass daily, and would sometimes use a patient's faith, as well as the sacraments, in his treatments.[7] Moscati also refused to charge the poor for their treatment, and was known to sometimes send a patient home with a prescription and a 50-lira note in an envelope.[2]

It was claimed even before his death that Moscati was a miracle-worker; some said that he could accurately diagnose and prescribe for any patient merely by hearing a list of his symptoms, and that he was responsible for impossible cures.[7] Reports of his good works continued well after his death, with further reports that he interceded in impossible cases. Consequently, he was beatified by Pope Paul VI on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 November 1975.[8] Moscati was canonized on 25 October 1987, by Pope John Paul II. His canonization miracle involved the case of a young ironworker dying of leukemia. The young man's mother dreamed of a doctor wearing a white coat, whom she identified as Moscati when shown a photograph. Not long after this, her son went into remission and returned to work.[2]

Moscati was the first modern doctor to be canonized; his feast day is 16 November.

Saint Gertrude the Great

 புனிதர் மகா கெர்ட்ரூட் 

கன்னியர்/ ஆத்ம பலம் கொண்டவர்/ இறையியலாளர்:

பிறப்பு: ஜனவரி 6, 1256

எய்ஸ்ல்பென், துரிங்கியா, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு

இறப்பு: கி.பி. 1302

ஹெல்ஃப்டா, சேக்சொனி, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசு

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

புனிதர் பட்டம்: கி.பி. 1677

திருத்தந்தை பன்னிரெண்டாம் கிளமென்ட்

நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 16

பாதுகாவல்: மேற்கிந்திய தீவுகள் (West Indies)

“புனிதர் மகா கெர்ட்ரூட்” (St. Gertrude the Great), ஒரு “ஜெர்மன் பெனடிக்டைன்” (German Benedictine) சபையின் அருட்கன்னியும், மறைபொருளாளரும், இறையியலாளருமாவார்.

இவரது ஆரம்ப கால வாழ்க்கையைப் பற்றி சிறிதளவே அறியப்படுகிறது. கி.பி. 1256ம் ஆண்டு, ஜனவரி மாதம், ஆறாம் நாள், தூய ரோமப் பேரரசின் கீழுள்ள “துரிங்கியாவின்” (Thuringia) “எய்ஸ்ல்பென்” (Eisleben) எனுமிடத்தில் பிறந்த இவர், தமது நான்கு வயதில் “தூய மரியாளின் துறவு மடத்தின்” (Monastery of St. Mary) பள்ளியில் சேர்ந்து கல்வி கற்றார். இத்துறவு மேடம், “பெனடிக்டைன்” அல்லது “சிஸ்டேர்ஸியன்” (Benedictine or Cistercian) என்று அறியப்படுகிறது. இவர் சிறு வயதிலேயே, தமது பக்தியுள்ள பெற்றோரால் ஆலயத்திற்கு நேர்ந்தளிக்கப்பட்டார் என்று யூகிக்கப்படுகிறது. இவரது குழந்தைப் பருவத்திலேயே இவரது பெற்றோர் மரித்துவிட்டதாயும், இவர் ஒரு அனாதையாகவே மடாலய பள்ளியில் சேர்ந்ததையும் அறிய முடிகிறது.

கி.பி. 1266ம் ஆண்டு, தமது பத்து வயதில் துறவற சமூகத்தில் இணைந்தார். அவர் பல்வேறு துறைகளில் முழுமையான கல்வி பெற்றார் என்பது அவரது எழுத்துக்களிலேயே தெளிவாகிறது. 

கி.பி. 1281ம் ஆண்டு, தமது இருபத்தைந்தாம் வயதில், முதன்முதலாக தொடர் திருக்காட்சிகளை கண்டார். அவரது வாழ்நாள் முழுதும் தொடர்ந்த இவை, அவரது வாழ்வின் போக்கையும் மாற்றியது. அவருடைய முன்னுரிமைகள் மதச்சார்பற்ற அறிவிலிருந்து விலகி, வேதாகமம் மற்றும் இறையியல் பற்றிய ஆய்வுக்கு மாறின. தனிப்பட்ட ஜெபம் மற்றும் தியானத்திற்கு தம்மை தீவிரமாக அர்ப்பணித்துக்கொண்ட கெர்ட்ரூட், தமது துறவற சகோதரியரின் நன்மைகளுக்காக, ஆன்மீக உபதேசங்கள் எழுத ஆரம்பித்தார். பதின்மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டின் பெரும் உள்ளுணர்வுவாதிகளில் ஒருவரானார்.

கி.பி. 1302ம் ஆண்டு, தூய ரோமப் பேரரசிலுள்ள, “எய்ஸ்ல்பென்” (Eisleben), “சேக்சொனி” (Saxony) அருகிலுள்ள “ஹெல்ஃப்டா” (Helfta) எனுமிடத்தில் கெர்ட்ரூட் மரித்தார். இவர் மரித்த சரியான தேதி பற்றிய தகவல்கள் இல்லை.

Also known as

• Gertrude of Helfta

• Gertrudis Helfta

• Gertud von Helfta

• Geltrude

• Gertrudis la Grande

• Gertrude Magna

Profile

We don't know who her parents were or what became of them, and she may have been an orphan. Gertrude was raised in the Benedictine abbey of Saint Mary of Helfta, Eisleben, Saxony from age five. An extremely bright and dedicated student, she excelled in literature and philosophy, and when she was old enough, became a Benedictine nun. At age 26, when she had become too enamored of philosophy, she received a vision of Christ who reproached her; from then on she studied the Bible and the works of the Church Fathers. Gertrude received other visions and mystical instruction, which formed the basis of her writings. She helped spread devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Her writings have been greatly praised by Saint Teresa and Saint Francis de Sales, and continue in print today.

Born

6 January 1256 at Eisleben, Thuringia (part of modern Germany)

Died

• on a Wednesday of Easter season, 17 November 1302 at the convent of Saint Mary's of Helfta, Saxony (part of modern Germany) of natural causes

• relics in the old monastery of Helfta

Canonized

received equipotent canonization, and a was universal feast day declared in 1677 by Pope Clement XII

Saint Edmund Rich

Also known as

• Edmund of Abingdon

• Edmund of Canterbury

• Edme, Eadmund

Profile

Born to a wealthy and pious family, the son of Reinald and Mabel Rich; his father retired to become a monk, his two sisters became nuns. Studied at Oxford, England, and Paris, France. At Oxford he received a vision of the Child Christ. Priest. Professor of art, mathematics, philosophy and theology at Oxford. Known for his scholarship, piety, and skill as a preacher and writer. Canon of Salisbury, England in 1222. Preached the Sixth Crusade in England in 1227. Consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, England on 2 April 1234. Advisor to King Henry III. Presided over Henry's ratification of the Magna Carta in 1237. Assisted in his public dealings by Saint Richard of Chichester. Prevented civil war in Wales. His support for monastic discipline put him in conflict with his own order, King Henry III, and the papal legate. He died while on a trip to Rome to gain the support of the Pope.

Born

20 November 1175 at Abingdon, Berkshire, England

Died

• 16 November 1240 at Soissy, Burgundy, France of natural causes

• interred at Pontigny, France

• shrine behind the high altar in the Cistercian abbey at Pontigny

Canonized

1247 by Pope Innocent IV

Saint Margaret of Scotland

 ஸ்காட்லாந்து நாட்டின் புனிதர் மார்கரெட் 

ஸ்காட்லாந்து அரசி:

பிறப்பு: கி.பி. 1045

ஹங்கேரி அரசு

இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 16, 1093 

எடின்பர்க், ஸ்காட்லாந்து அரசு

ஏற்கும் சமயம்:

ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை

ஆங்கிலிக்கன் சமூகம்

புனிதர் பட்டம்: 1250

திருத்தந்தை நான்காம் இன்னொசென்ட்

முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:

டுன்ஃபெர்ம்லின் மடம், ஃபிஃப், ஸ்காட்லாந்து

நினைவுத் திருவிழா: நவம்பர் 16

பாதுகாவல்: 

ஸ்காட்லாந்து (Scotland), டுன்ஃபெர்ம்லின் (Dunfermline), ஃபிஃப் (Fife), ஷெட்லேண்ட் (Shetland), அரசியின் பயணப்படகு (The Queen's Ferry), ஆங்கிலோ-ஸ்காட்டிஷ் உறவுகள் (Anglo-Scottish relations)

ஸ்காட்லாந்து நாட்டின் புனிதர் மார்கரெட், “ஆங்கிலேய இளவரசர் எட்வர்ட்” (English prince Edward the Exile) மற்றும் “அகதா” (Agatha) ஆகியோரின் மகள் ஆவார். ஆங்கிலேய இளவரசியும் (English princess), ஸ்காட்டிஷ் அரசியுமான (Scottish queen) இவர், “ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் மார்கரெட்” (Margaret of Scotland) என்றும், “வெஸ்செக்ஸின்’ மார்கரெட்” (Margaret of Wessex) என்றும் அறியப்படுகிறார். சில சமயம், “ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் முத்து” (The Pearl of Scotland) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்.

ஹங்கேரி அரசில் பிறந்த இவரும் இவரது குடும்பத்தினரும் 1057ம் ஆண்டு, இங்கிலாந்து இராச்சியத்துக்குத் திரும்பினார்கள். மார்கரெட் 1057ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து தன் மாமாவின் கண்காணிப்பில் இங்கிலாந்தில் வளர்ந்தார். 1066ம் ஆண்டு “நார்மன்” இங்கிலாந்தை வெற்றி கொண்டதும், (Norman conquest of England) இவரின் 20ம் வயதில் ஸ்காட்லாந்திற்கு திரும்பிச் சென்றார். அங்கே, 1070ம் ஆண்டின் இறுதியில், ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் அரசர் 3ம் மால்கோம் (King Malcolm III of Scotland) என்பவரிடம் பழகி, பின்னர் அவரையே திருமணம் செய்து, ஸ்காட்லாந்தின் அரசியானார். அவருடைய கணவர், அவரை கிறிஸ்தவ மறையை தழுவக்கூடாது என்று கட்டளையிட்டார். ஆனால் அவர் தன் கணவரின் பேச்சை மறுத்து, மேலும் தன் கிறிஸ்தவ விசுவாசத்தில் வேரூன்றி இருந்தார்.

பக்தியுள்ள பெண்ணான அரசி, ஏழை மக்களின் வாழ்வில் அதிக அக்கறை கொண்டு வாழ்ந்தார். அவர்களுக்கு பலவிதங்களில் உதவினார். ஏழைகளை தன் இதயத்தில் சுமந்து உதவினார். தான் ஓர் அரசியாக இருந்தபோதும், துறவிகளைப் போலவே, ஏழ்மையான வாழ்வை வாழ்ந்தார். தவறாமல் நோன்பிருந்து செபித்து பல நலன்களை பெற்றார். பலவிதங்களிலும் ஒறுத்தல் செய்து வாழ்ந்தார். அநேக தொண்டு பணிகளைச் செய்தார்.

இங்கிலாந்துக்கு எதிராக நடந்த ஒரு போரில் (Battle of Alnwick) கலந்துகொள்ள சென்ற இவரது கணவரான அரசர் “மூன்றாம் மால்கானு'ம்” (Malcolm III) அவரது இருபத்தியிரண்டே வயதான மூத்த மகன் “எட்வர்டும்” (Edward) 13 நவம்பர் 1093 அன்று கொல்லப்பட்டனர். ஐம்பது வயதுகூட பூர்த்தியாகாத மார்கரெட் ஏற்கனவே தொடர் நோன்பு மற்றும் ஒருத்தல்களினால் பலவீனமாக இருந்தார். தமது கணவரும் மூத்த மகனும் மரித்துப் போன செய்தியைக் செவியுற்ற அவர், மூன்றாம் நாளே (1093ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 16ம் நாள்) மரித்தார். 1250ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை “நான்காம் இன்னசன்ட்” (Pope Innocent IV) இவருக்கு புனிதர் பட்டம் வழங்கினார்.

Also known as

Margaret of Wessex

Additional Memorial

16 June in Scotland

Profile

Granddaughter of King Edmund Ironside of England. Great-niece of Saint Stephen of Hungary. Born in Hungary while her family was in exile due to the Danish invasion of England, she still spent much of her youth in the British Isles. While fleeing the invading army of William the Conqueror in 1066, her family's ship wrecked on the Scottish coast. They were assisted by King Malcolm III Canmore of Scotland, whom Margaret married in 1070. Queen of Scotland. They had eight children including Saint Maud, wife of Henry I, and Saint David of Scotland. Margaret founded abbeys and used her position to work for justice and improved conditions for the poor.

Born

c.1045 in Hungary

Died

• 16 November 1093 at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, four days after her husband and son died in defense of the castle

• buried in front of the high altar at Dunfermline, Scotland

• relics later removed to a nearby shrine

• the bulk of her relics were destroyed in stages during the Protestant Reformation and the French Revolution

Canonized

1251 by Pope Innocent IV

Blessed Agnes of Assisi

அசிசி_நகர்ப்_புனித_ஆக்னஸ் (1197-1253)

நவம்பர் 15

அசிசி நகரைச் சார்ந்தவரான இவர் (#St_Agnes_Of_Assisi), புனித கிளாராவின் இளைய சகோதரி.

இவருக்குப் பதினைந்து வயது நடக்கும்போது, எல்லாவற்றையும் துறந்துவிட்டு தன் சகோதரியின் சபையில் சேர்ந்து, அவரைப் போன்று கற்பு, ஏழ்மை, கீழ்ப்படிதல் ஆகியவற்றைக் கடைப்பிடித்து வாழத் தொடங்கினார். 

இதற்கு இவருடைய உறவினர்களிடமிருந்தும் பெற்றோரிடமிருந்தும் கடுமையான எதிர்ப்பு வந்தது. ஆனாலும் இவர் தன்னுடைய முடிவில் மிக உறுதியாக இருந்ததால், அவர்களால் இவரை ஒன்றும் செய்ய முடியவில்லை.

இதற்குப் பிறகு 1219 ஆம் ஆண்டு, அசிசி நகர்ப் புனித பிரான்சிஸ் இவரை மோன்டிசெல்லி( Monticelli) எந்த இடத்தில் இருந்த துறவுமடத்தில்  தலைவியாக நியமித்தார். அங்கு இவர் தன்னுடைய எடுத்துக்காட்டான வாழ்வால் பலருக்கும் முன் மாதிரியாக இருந்தார்.

இவர் தன்னுடைய கடின உழைப்பால் வெனிஸ், பாதுவா ஆகிய இடங்களில் துறவு மடங்களை நிறுவி, கிறிஸ்துவைப் பற்றிய நற்செய்தி பல இடங்களிலும் பரவக் காரணமாக இருந்தார்.

மேலும் இவர் தன் சகோதரி கிளாராவின் கடைசிக் காலத்தில் அவரோடு இருந்து, அவருக்குப் பேருதவி செய்தார். அவர் இறந்த அடுத்த மூன்றாவது மாதத்தில், அதாவது 1253 ஆம் ஆண்டு நவம்பர் திங்கள் பதினாறாம் நாள் இவர்  இறையடி சேர்ந்தார்.

Profile

Daughter of Count Favorino Scifi and Blessed Hortulana, she was raised in a series of castles in and around Assisi, Italy. Younger sister of Saint Clare of Assisi, and her first follower, leaving home two weeks after Clare to join the Benedictines at San Angelo di Panzo at age fifteen. The family tried to bring Agnes back by force, dragging her from the monastery, but her body became so heavy that several knights could not budge her. Her uncle Monaldo tried to beat her, but was temporarily paralyzed. The family then left Agnes and Clare in peace.

In 1221 a group of Benedictine nuns in Monticelli asked to become Poor Clares, and Saint Francis assigned Agnes as their abbess. Agnes wrote about how much she missed Clare and the other nuns at San Damiano, and after establishing other Poor Clare monasteries in northern Italy, Agnes was recalled in 1253 when Clare was dying. Agnes followed Clare in death three months later.

Born

1197 at Assisi, Italy

Died

• 16 November 1253 at the monastery of San Damiano of natural causes

• buried in the Santa Chiara church, Assisi, Italy

• miracles reported at her tomb

Beatified

1753 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmed)

Saint Othmar of Saint Gall

Also known as

Audemar, Audomar, Otmar

Profile

Educated in the ancient provice Rhaetia, an area in modern Switzerland and Germany. Priest. Presided over a church of Saint Florinus in Rhaetia, probably the same church where Saint Florinus worked and was buried. Appointed abbot at Saint Gall, Switzerland in 720, and united the area monks into a monastery under the rule of Saint Columban. As abbot, he added a hospital and school, and changed the monastery's rule to Benedictine. Legend says that when Othmar fed the poor from a barrel of provisions, it never became empty, no matter how much he took from it.

In 759, Counts Warin and Ruodhart unjustly tried to gain possession of property belonging to the abbey. Othmar resisted, they imprisoned him at the castle of Bodmann, then on the island of Werd-on-the-Rhine where he died. His cultus spread soon after his death, and he is now one of the most popular saints in Switzerland.

Died

• 16 November 759 at Werd-on-the-Rhine, near Echnez, Switzerland

• body transferred to monastery of Saint Gall in 769

• body entombed in the church of Saint Othmar at Saint Gall in 867

Saint Afan of Wales

Also known as

Avan, Avanus

Profile

Bishop. Nothing else is known about him for certain; various writers have made him a descendant of the 3rd century Cynedda Wledig, King of Britain, a cousin of 6th century Saint David of Wales, and the 10th century bishop Jeuan who was killed by Viking invaders, but no one today knows for sure.

The church dedicated to him at Lanafan Fawr, Powys, Wales was apparently a site of pilgrimages in times past, and site of at least one miracle. The English Lord Philip de Braose came to the area to hunt, and decided that the church was the best lodging for him and his dogs. When he woke at sunrise, his dogs had gone mad and he was blind. His sight was only restored by making his willingness to fight in the Crusades.

Died

entombed in the churchyard of Saint Afan's Church, Lanafan Fawr, Powys, Wales

Blessed Edward Osbaldeston

Additional Memorials

• 22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland and Wales

• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai

Profile

Son of Thomas Osbaldeston. Studied at the English College in Douai, France, and then at the seminary in Rheims, France. Ordained on 21 September 1585. On 27 April 1589 he returned to England to minister to covert Catholics. Had a great devotion to Saint Jerome. Betrayed by Thomas Clark, an apostate priest, he was arrested at an inn in Tollerton, Yorkshire on 30 September 1594. Tried for high treason by reason of being a priest, he was quicklly condemned. Martyr.

Born

c.1560 in Osbaldeston, Lancashire, England

Died

hanged, drawn and quartered on 16 November 1594 at York, North Yorkshire, England

Beatified

22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II

Blessed Simeon of Cava

Also known as

Symeon

Profile

Fourth abbot of the abbey of Cava dei Tirreni in Campania, Italy. Elected in 1124, he served for 16 years of great political turmoil between state and Church; his rule was noted for his concern for the local laity under the abbey's protection, and for the works of the monks he sent out to reform other houses. Held in high esteem and sought out consellor by bishops, fuedal lords, King Roger II, Pope Anacletus II and Pope Innocent II.

Died

• 16 November 1140 at Cava dei Tirreni monastery, Campania, Italy

• buried in Arsicia cave with other abbot of Cava dei Tirreni

• relics enshrined at the altar of Saint Benedict in the monastery church in 1928

Beatified

18 May 1928 by Pope Pius XI (cultus confirmation)

Blessed Zef Marksen

Also known as

Josef Marxen

Profile

Studied in Vienna, Austria, and ordained in Munich, Germany on 21 June 1936 as a priest for the diocese of Lezhë, Albania. Arrested in Shijak, Albania in February 1945 for remaining Catholic following the Communist take over. Sentenced to prison where he was eventually murdered. Martyr.

Born

5 August 1906 in Worringen, Cologne, Germany

Died

shot on 16 November 1946 in the high security prison in Tiranë, Albania

Beatified

• 5 November 2016 by Pope Francis

• beatification celebrated at the Square of the Cathedral of Shën Shtjefnit, Shkodër, Albania, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato

Saint Eucherius of Lyon

Profile

Born to the nobility, well educated, and known for his learning and as a gifted speaker. Married to Galla, who became a nun in later life; father of at least two sons – Saint Veranus of Vence and Saint Salonius of Geneva. In 422 he became a monk at Lérins, France, and Galla became a nun. Wrote works on asceticism. Reluctant bishop of Lyons, France in 434. Presided over the Council of Orange in 441. Worked with Saint Hilary of Arles.

Died

449 of natural causes

Saint Anianus of Asti

Profile

Fifth century bishop of Asti, Italy. Little information and survived, and historians don't agree on any of it.

Died

• buried in the crypts under the cathedral of Saint John in Asti, Italy

• re-interred in the church of San Sisto in Asti in 1567

• when the church became structurally un-sound the relics were enshrined in an urn beneath the high altar of the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Asti on 12 August 1696

Saint Leocadio of Déols

Also known as

Leocadius, Leucadio

Additional Memorial

23 November (Bourges, France)

Profile

Father of Saint Ludre. Imperial Roman senator in Déols, Gaul (in modern France). A pagan, he converted to Christianity in the early 4th century, brought to the faith by Saint Ursinus of Bourges, brought in missionaries to his area, supported Ursinus, and converted his own house into a church for their use.

Saint Gobrain of Vannes

Also known as

Gobrien

Profile

Breton monk. Priest. Bishop of Vannes, France. At age 87, he retired from his see to live his remaining days as a hermit. Known for healing by prayer.

Died

• 725 of natural causes

• interred in the Chapelle de Saint Gobrien, Saint-Servant, France

Feast of the Patronage of Our Lady

About

Feast permitted by a 1679 decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites for all provinces of Spain, in memory of the victories obtained there over infidels. Pope Benedict XIII granted it to the Papal States and it may now be celebrated with due permission by churches throughout the world.

Saint Alfric of Canterbury

Also known as

Aelfric, Alfrick

Profile

Benedictine monk of Abingdon Abbey, England. Abbot of Abingdon. Bishop of Wilton, England. Archbishop of Canterbury, England in 995. It was during his governance that Kent was invaded by Danes.

Died

1005 of natural causes

Saint Fidentius of Padua

Also known as

Fidenzio

Profile

Fidentius of Padua (Italian: Fidenzio da Padova) was a Franciscan administrator and writer active in the Holy Land between 1266 and 1291. He wrote a tract on the Christian recovery and retention of the Holy Land. Fidentius was born before 1226. In June 1266, he was made vicar provincial of the Holy Land, an office restricted by the Franciscan rule to those at least forty years old. That same year, acting on the request of the Templar grand master Thomas Bérard, he sent two friars to the besieged castle of Safad to serve as chaplains. In 1268, Fidentius was in Tripoli when he received a copy of the Liber Clementis, probably in Arabic, from a Syrian Christian.

Fidentius is best known for his tract, "De recuperatione Terre Sancte" (On the Recovery of the Holy Land), which he wrote in 1271. The tract is a detailed analysis of the political and military situation in the Holy Land and a proposal for how the Christians could recover it from the Muslims. Fidentius's proposals were not adopted, but his tract is a valuable source of information on the history of the Crusades and the decline of Christian power in the Middle East.

Fidentius died in the Holy Land in 1291. His body was returned to Padua, where he was buried in the church of San Francesco.

Saint Ludre

Additional Memorial

1 November (Jerome Martyrology)

Also known as

Lusor, Lusore

Profile

Son of Saint Leocadio of Déols. A convert, he died almost immediately after baptism, still wearing the white robes.

Died

relics at Déols on the Indre (in modern Bourges, France)

Saint Elpidius the Martyr

Profile

Official in the court of Emperor Constantius. He was demoted from the court by Julian the Apostate. Martyr.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Saint Africus of Comminges

Also known as

Afrique of Comminges

Profile

Saint Africus of Comminges was a 7th-century French Roman Catholic saint and bishop of Comminges in southern France (Haute-Garonne). Little is known about his life, but he is revered as a saint and his feast day is celebrated on November 16th.

According to tradition, Africus was a devout Christian who dedicated his life to serving God. He was chosen as bishop of Comminges and served faithfully for many years. Africus is said to have been a wise and compassionate leader who was devoted to the welfare of his people. He is also known for his miracles, including healing the sick and raising the dead.

After his death, Africus was buried in the town of Saint-Affrique, which was named after him. His tomb became a place of pilgrimage for many people who sought his intercession. Africus was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on November 16th.

Died

relics and shrine destroyed by Calvinists in the 16th century

Saint Céronne

Profile

Raised in a pagan family. Convert, baptized at Bordeaux, France where she became an evangelist.

Saint Céronne was a 5th-century Christian saint who is venerated as the patron saint of the Perche region of France. She is said to have been born in Corneilhan, near Béziers, in a wealthy pagan family.

According to tradition, Céronne was converted to Christianity by her brother, Sophronius. The two of them fled their home and traveled to Bordeaux, where they were baptized by the bishop. Sophronius was ordained a priest, and Céronne became a nun.

After a time, Céronne returned to her home region of the Perche. She established a monastery at Mont-Romigny, near Mortagne-au-Perche. Céronne is said to have been a gifted healer and to have performed many miracles. She is also credited with converting many people to Christianity.

Céronne died in the early 5th century and was buried at Mont-Romigny. Her tomb became a place of pilgrimage, and she was eventually canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church.

Céronne's feast day is celebrated on November 15th. She is often depicted in art holding a cross or a book. She is also sometimes shown with her brother, Sophronius.

Born

Corneilhan, France

Died

490 of natural causes

Saint Marcellus the Martyr

Profile

Marcellus was born in Tangier, Morocco, in the mid-3rd century. He was a centurion in the Roman army, but he was also a Christian. When the Emperor Diocletian began to persecute Christians in 298 AD, Marcellus was arrested and tortured. He refused to recant his faith, so he was beheaded on November 16, 298, along with his wife Nona and his twelve sons (Claudius, Lupercus, Victorius, Facundus, Primitivus, Servandus, Germanus, Faustus, Januarius, and Martial)..

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Saint Agostino of Capua

Also known as

Augustine

Profile

There is no Saint Agostino of Capua, but there is a Saint Augustine of Hippo who is considered the patron saint of Capua. Augustine was a bishop, theologian, and philosopher who lived in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. He is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Christianity.

Augustine was born in Tagaste, Numidia (now Algeria) in 354 AD. He was raised as a pagan, but he converted to Christianity in 386 AD. After his conversion, Augustine was baptized and ordained a priest. He was eventually elected bishop of Hippo Regius in 395 AD.

Augustine was a prolific writer and theologian. He is best known for his work on the nature of God, the human soul, and free will. He also wrote extensively on the Bible and on Christian doctrine.

Augustine's writings have had a profound influence on Christian theology and philosophy. He is considered one of the most important figures in the development of Western thought.

Augustine died in Hippo Regius in 430 AD. He is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Church.

Died

c.250 in Capua, Campania, Italy

Saint Felicita of Capua

Also known as

Felicity

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Saint Felicita of Capua was a Christian martyr who was killed in Capua, Italy, in the early 3rd century. She is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Church. Her feast day is celebrated on November 16.

Felicita was born into a wealthy pagan family in Capua. She married a man named Rufinus, who was also a pagan. The couple had seven sons and a daughter.

Felicita and her family became Christians. When the Roman emperor Decius began to persecute Christians in 250 AD, Felicita and her family were arrested.

Felicita and her children were tortured and imprisoned. Rufinus eventually renounced his faith and was released. Felicita and her seven sons were beheaded. Her daughter, Perpetua, was also beheaded a few days later.

Felicita is remembered for her courage and her willingness to die for her faith. She is a patron saint of mothers and of people who are persecuted for their faith.

Died

c.250 in Capua, Campania, Italy

Saint Eustochius the Martyr

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Saint Eustochius the Martyr is celebrated on November 16th.

He was a Christian who refused to recant his faith when Emperor Diocletian began to persecute Christians in 298 AD.

He was tortured and then burned at the stake along with his wife Nona and his twelve sons.

Saint Eustochius the Martyr is a patron saint of soldiers and of people who are persecuted for their faith.

Died

dragged by wild horses and then burned at the stake in 362

Martyrs of Africa

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A group of North African Christians murdered together for their faith, date unknown. We know little more than their names - Baricus, Donatus, Honoratus, Januarius, Justus, Markus, Paulus, Rufinus, Valerius, Victor and Vitalis.

Martyrs of Almeria

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Soon after the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, the Communist-oriented Popular Front had all clergy and religious arrested and abused as they considered staunch Christians to be enemies of the revolution. Many of these prisoners were executed for having promoted the faith, and this memorial remembers several of them killed in the province of Almeria.

• Adrián Saiz y Saiz

• Bienvenido Villalón Acebrón

• Bonifacio Rodríguez González

• Diego Ventaja Milán

• Eusebio Alonso Uyarra

• Isidoro Primo Rodríguez

• Justo Zariquiegui Mendoza

• Manuel Medina Olmos

• Marciano Herrero Martínez

Beatification

10 October 1993 by Pope John Paul II