Saint Venerando the Centurian
Also known as
Venerable the Centurian
Profile
Roman centurian. Convert to Christianity. Martyr.
Died
• interred in the catacombs of San Callisto, Rome, Italy
• relics translated to Grotte Santo Stefano, Italy
Patronage
Grotte Santo Stefano, Italy
Representation
Roman centurian holding a lily
Saint Alberic of Utrecht
Profile
Nephew of Saint Gregory of Utrecht. Friend of Blessed Alcuin. Benedictine monk in Utrecht, Netherlands. Prior of the cathedral of Utrecht. Noted for his encyclopedic knowledge of the faith, his joy for living in Christ, and his zeal for bringing both to any who would listen. Bishop of Utrecht in 775. Reorganized the school of Utrecht, directed the mission of Ludger in Ostergau, and worked to evangelize the pagan Teutons.
Died
21 August 784 of natural causes
Saint Hypatius of Gangra
Also known as
Hipacy, Hypatia, Ipazio
Profile
Bishop of Gangra, Paphlagonia (modern Çankiri, Turkey). Attended the Council of Nicea where he fiercely defended the divinity of Christ. When he returned home, he was martyred by a group of Novatian heretics who opposed his view.
Died
stoned to death c.325 at Gangra, Paphlagonia (modern Çankiri, Turkey)
Saint Antigius of Langres
Also known as
Anthôt, Antidius, Antège, Autige
Profile
Itinerant missionary bishop who evangelized in the area of Langres, France.
Died
• in Saint-Anthot, France of natural causes
• buried in Saint-Anthot
• relics moved to Chiney, France due to invading Normans
• relics moved to Italy in January 887 due to invading Normans
• relics later moved to the monastery of San Faustino e San Giovita in Brescia, Italy
Saint John Osorinus
Also known as
• John of Trau
• John of Trogir
• Johannes von Trogir
• Ivan Trogirski
Profile
Hermit at the Camaldolese monastery at Ossero on the island of Cres. First bishop of Trogir (in modern Croatia) c.1070. Helped defend the city from king Coloman of Hungary.
Died
• c.1111
• buried in the Saint Lawrence cathedral, Trogir, Croatia
Patronage
Trogir, Croatia
Saint Etienne-Théodore Cuenot
Also known as
Stephen-Theodore Cuenot
Profile
Priest, ordained in 1825. Member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. Missionary to Vietnam in 1828. Missionary bishop in 1835. Vicar apostolic of Cochinchina in 1840. Martyred in the persecutions of emperor Tu Duc.
Born
8 February 1802 in Le Bélieu, Doubs, France
Died
14 November 1861 in an elephant stable in Bình Ðinh, Vietnam
Canonized
19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II
Saint Dubricius of Wales
Also known as
• Dubricius of Caerleon
• Dubricius of Llandaff
• Devereux, Dubric, Dubrice, Dubricus, Dubritius, Dybrig, Dyffryg, Dyfrig
Profile
Related to Saint Brychan of Brycheiniog. One of the founders of monastic life in Wales. He founded monasteries in Gwent and England with his main centers in Henllan and Moccas. Worked with Saint Teilo of Llandaff and Saint Samson of York who he appointed as abbot on Caldey Island. Bishop of Llandaff, Wales, consecrated in by Saint Germanus of Auxerre. Archbishop of Caerleon, Wales, a seat he turned over to Saint David of Wales. In his later years he retired to the Isle of Bardsey to live as a prayerful hermit.
Born
Wales
Died
c.545 on the Isle of Bardsey, Wales of natural causes
Blessed Maria Louise Merkert
Also known as
Maria Luiza Merkert
Profile
Second and last daughter born to Anthony Merkert and Maria Barbara Pfitzner, she was raised in a pious, middle-class family. Her father died when Maria was still a baby. She and her sister grew to both be devoted to care for the poor. Co-founder in 1842 of the Sisters of Saint Elizabeth in Nelsse, Prussia, to tend in their own homes, without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or would not be received into the hospitals; she served as their first superior until her death.
Born
21 September 1817 in Nysa, Opolskie, Poland (formerly in the Breslau region of Germany
Died
14 November 1872 in Nysa, Opolskie, Poland of typhus
Beatified
20 September 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI
Saint Nikola Tavelic
இன்றைய புனிதர்:
(14-11-2020)
புனித நிக்கோலாஸ் டாவெலிக் மற்றும் அவரின் தோழர்கள் .
( St. Nicholas Tavelic and Companions )
மறைசாட்சி :
நினைவுத்திருநாள் : நவம்பர் 14
பிறப்பு : c. 1340
டால்மியா Dalmatien
இறப்பு : 14 நவம்பர் 1391
எருசலேம்
புனித நிக்கோலாஸ் டாவெலிக், நவம்பர் 11ம் நாள் 1970ம் ஆண்டு தன் தோழர்களுடன், முகமதியர்களின் திருவிழாவின்போது அவர்களிடையே மறையுரையை ஆற்றினர். அச்சமயத்தில் சில யூதர்களால் இவர்கள் தாக்கப்பட்டார்கள். இவர்களுக்கு எவரும் பாதுகாப்பு கொடுப்பதற்கு முன் வராததால் எதிரிகளால் வதைக்கப்பட்டனர். இதையறிந்த அவர்களின் துறவற சபை சகோதரர்கள், அவர்களை காப்பாற்ற சென்றனர். இருப்பினும் அவர்களால் மறைசாட்சியர்களை காப்பாற்ற இயலவில்லை. எதிரிகள் நிக்கோலசையும் அவரின் தோழர்களையும் கைது செய்தனர். அவர்களின் கைகளில் விலங்குகளை மாட்டி தெருத்தெருவாக இழுத்து சென்று அடித்தனர்.
இவர்கள் 4 பேரையும் எதிரிகள் உணவின்றி பட்டினி போட்டனர். இருப்பினும் நான்கு பேரும், எதற்கும் அஞ்சாமல் கடவுளை போற்றி புகழ்ந்தனர். இடைவிடாமல் இறைவேண்டல் செய்தனர். இதனைக் கண்ட எதிரிகள் 4 பேரையும் கொல்லத் திட்டமிட்டனர். பின்னர் இவர்கள் நால்வரும் ஆழ்ந்த இறைவேண்டலில் ஈடுபட்டு கொண்டிருக்கும் வேளையில் பிடித்துக்கொண்டு போகப்பட்டு, உயிருடன் எரித்துக் கொல்லப்பட்டனர். பின்னர் சுட்டெரித்த உடலின் சாம்பலை எருசலேம் முழுவதிலும் தூவினர்.
---JDH---தெய்வீக குணமளிக்கும் இயேசு /திண்டுக்கல்.
Also known as
• Nikola Tavigli
• Nicholas, Nicola
Profile
Franciscan friar. Priest. Missionary to Bosnia for 12 years; reports of the day say that the friars brought 50,000 to Christianity. Missionary to Palestine in 1384. Martyred by the Muslim authorities.
Born
c.1340 in Sibenik, Sibensko-Kninska, Croatia
Died
burned alive on 14 November 1391 near the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem
Beatified
• 6 June 1889 by Pope Leo XIII (cultus confirmation)
• 12 June 1966 by Pope Paul VI (decree of martyrdom)
Canonized
• 21 June 1970 by Pope Paul VI
• the first Croatian saint canonized in the modern process
Saint Siard
Profile
Born to the nobility of Friesland (an area of modern Netherlands). Studied at the abbey school of Mariëngaarde, Friesland. Spiritual student of Frederick of Hallum. Joined the Premonstratensians in the early 1170's. Abbot at the house in Mariëngaarde in 1194 where he served for 36 years. Noted for his adherence to the Norbertine rule, his love of the contemplative life, for his generosity to the poor, and as a peacemaker. Had a devotion of the Saint Mary and Saint Martha of Bethany, and gave them as examples to his brothers.
Died
• 1230 at the abbey of Mariëngaarde, Friesland of natural causes
• relics moved to Hildesheim, Germany in 1578 when the abbey was destroyed by Calvinists
• relics placed in new reliquaries in 1608
• some relics taken to Tongerlo abbey at Westerlo, Belgium in 1617
• some relics taken to the abbey of Saint-Feuillin, Roeulz, France in 1617
• the abbey of Saint-Feuillin was suppressed in the French Revolution and the relics were taken to the church of Strépy
• some relics transferred to the abbey of Windberg, Germany in 2000
Beatified
8 March 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII (cultus confirmation)
Saint Serapion of Algiers
Also known as
• Serapion of England
• Serapio of...
Profile
As a boy he accompanied his father in the Third Crusade, and was at the battle of Acre in 1191. Member of the Order of Our Lady of Ransom, received into the Order by Saint Peter Nolasco at Barcelona, Spain in 1222. Worked with Saint Raymond Nonnatus to free 150 Christian slaves in 1229. Assigned to recruit for the Order in England, his ship was captured by pirates, and Serapion was left for dead. He survived, however, and wandered the area of London, England preaching against the theft and abuse of Church property which was happening in that area; he was ordered to leave London, and spent some time as a wandering evangelist in the British Isles. In 1240 he took a ransom to release 87 Christians held in Algiers by Muslims, and when the captors demanded more money, he volunteered to stay as a hostage until it arrived. He then worked as a missionary, converting many to Christianity. Authorities then tortured, scourged, abused and executed him. Martyr.
Born
c.1179 in London, England
Died
crucified, stabbed and dismembered alive in Algeria in 1240
Canonized
14 April 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII
Patronage
• against arthritis
• Azul, Argentina, diocese of
Representation
young Mercedarian tied to a cross
Blessed Maria Teresa of Jesus
Also known as
Maria Scrilli
Profile
An unknown illness kept the young Maria bedridden for two years; she was cured following a vision of Saint Fiorenzo, and soon after she felt a call to the religious life. On 28 May 1846 she entered the monastery of Saint Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi, Florence, Italy, and though she loved the cloistered life, she realized it was not her calling, and left after two months. Carmelite tertiary, taking the name Maria Teresa of Jesus. Back home she began teaching secular and religious topics to local girls, and effectively started a small school for them. While looking for a place to start a formal school, she was asked by a town council to take over a local school; she did and it formed the base for a religious institute. On 15 October 1854 she founded as the Sisters of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, but on 30 November 1859, during a period of anti-clerical sentiment in Italy, her institute was ordered to be dissolved and the school secularized. It took years of work and waiting, but on 18 March 1878 Mother Maria was able to resurrect her community, this time in Florence, Italy where they ran a school, boarding house, and Marian association, and lived a vocation of teaching, parish work, and visiting the sick. Today the Institute has about 250 sisters spread through Italy, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Israel, Poland, Canada, the Philippines, the United States, and the Czech Republic, teaching, catechising, caring for the sick and aged.
Born
15 May 1825 in Montevarchi, Arezzo, Italy as Maria Scrilli
Died
14 November 1889 in Florence, Italy of natural causes
Beatified
• 8 October 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI
• recognition celebrated by Cardinal José Saraiva Martins at the Roman Amphitheater, Fiesole, Italy
Saint Lawrence O'Toole
Also known as
• Laurence O'Toole
• Lorcan Ua Tuathail
Profile
Son of the chief of Hy Murray. Taken as a hostage by King Dermot McMurrogh Leinster in 1138 when he was ten years old; Dermot later married Lawrence's sister Mor. He was released in 1140 at age twelve to the Bishop of Glendalough, Ireland. and raised and educated at the monastic school there. Monk at Glendalough, and then abbot in 1153. Declined the bishopric of Glendalough in 1160, citing his unworthiness. Ordered to accept the archbishopric of Dublin, Ireland in 1161, he became the first native-born Irishman to hold the see.
Reformed much of the administration and clerical life in his diocese. Worked to restore and rebuild Christ Church cathedral. As archbishop he accepted the imposition onto Ireland of the English form of liturgy in 1172. Noted for his personal austerity, he wore a hair shirt under his ecclesiastical robes, made an annual 40 day retreat in Saint Kevin's cave, never ate meat, fasted every Friday, and never drank wine - though he would color his water to make it look like wine and not bring attention to himself at table. Acted as peacemaker and mediator at the second seige of Dublin in 1170.
In 1171 he travelled to Canterbury, England on diocesan business. While preparing for Mass there he was attacked by a lunatic who wanted to make Lawrence another Saint Thomas Beckett. Everyone in the church thought Lawrence had been killed by the severe blow to the head. Instead he asked for water, blessed it, and washed the wound; the bleeding stopped, and the archbishop celebrated Mass.
Negotiated the 1175 Treaty of Windsor which made upstart Irish king Rory O'Connor and vassal of king Henry II of England, but ended combat. Attended the General Lateran Council in Rome, Italy in 1179. Papal legate to Ireland. Died while travelling with King Henry II, a trip taken as a peacemaker and on behalf of Rory O'Conner. It resulted in his imprisonment and ill-treatment by the king who decided he had had his fill of meddling priests.
Born
1128 at Castledermot, County Kildare, Ireland
Died
• 14 November 1180 at Eu, diocese of Rouen, Normandy, France of natural causes
• buried at the abbey church at Eu
• so many miracles were reported at his tomb that his relics were soon translated a place of honour before the altar
• his heart was removed and returned to Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland
Canonized
1225 by Pope Honorius III
Patronage
archdiocese of Dublin, Ireland
Blessed John Licci
Also known as
John Liccio
Profile
Born to a poor farm family, John's mother died in childbirth. His life from then on, all 111 years, was a tale of miracles.
John's father, who fed the baby on crushed pomegranates, had to work the fields, and was forced to leave the infant alone. The baby began crying, and a neighbor woman took him to her home to feed him. She laid the infant on the bed next to her paralyzed husband - and the man was instantly cured. The woman told John's father of the miracle, but he was more concerned that she was meddling, and had taken his son without his permission. He took the child home to feed him more pomegranate pulp. As soon as the child was removed from the house, the neighbor's paralysis returned; when John was brought back in, the man was healed. Even John's father took this as a sign, and allowed the neighbors to care for John.
A precocious and emotional child, John began reciting the Daily Offices before age 10. While on a trip to Palermo, Italy at age 15, John went to Confession in the church of Saint Zita of Lucca where his confession was heard by Blessed Peter Geremia who suggested John consider a religious life. John considered himself unworthy, but Peter pressed the matter, John joined the Dominicans in 1415, and wore the habit for 96 years, the longest period known for anyone.
Priest. Founded the convent of Saint Zita in Caccamo, Italy. Lacking money for the construction, John prayed for guidance. During his prayer he had a vision of an angel who told him to "build on the foundations that were already built." The next day in the nearby woods he found the foundation for a church called Saint Mary of the Angels, a church that had been started many years before, but had never been finished. John assumed this was the place indicated, and took over the site.
During the construction, workmen ran out of materials; the next day at dawn a large ox-drawn wagon arrived at the site. The driver unloaded a large quantity of stone, lime and sand - then promptly disappeared, leaving the oxen and wagon behind for the use of the convent. At another point a well got in the way of construction; John blessed it, and it immediately dried up; when construction was finished, he blessed it again, and the water began to flow. When roof beams were cut too short, John would pray over them, and they would stretch. There were days when John had to miraculously multiply bread and wine to feed the workers. Once a young boy came to the construction site to watch his uncle set stones; the boy fell from a wall, and was killed; John prayed over him, and restored him to life and health.
John and two brother Dominicans who were working on the convent were on the road near Caccamo when they were set upon by bandits. One of the thieves tried to stab John with a dagger; the man's hand withered and became paralyzed. The gang let the brothers go, then decided to ask for their forgiveness. John made the Sign of the Cross at them, and the thief's hand was made whole.
One Christmas a nearby farmer offered to pasture the oxen that had come with the disappearing wagon-driver. John declined, saying the oxen had come far to be there, and there they should stay. Thinking he was doing good, the layman took them anyway. When he put them in the field with his own oxen, they promptly disappeared; he later found them at the construction site, contentedly munching dry grass near Father John.
While he did plenty of preaching in his 90+ years in the habit, usually on Christ's Passion, John was not known as a great homilist. He was known, however, for his miracles and good works. His blessing caused the breadbox of a nearby widow to stay miraculously full, feeding her and her six children. His blessing prevented disease from coming to the cattle of his parishioners. Noted healer, curing at least three people whose heads had been crushed in accidents. Dominican Provincial of Sicily. Prior of the abbey on several occasions.
Born
1400 at Caccamo, diocese of Palermo, Sicily, Italy
Died
14 November 1511 of natural causes
Beatified
25 April 1753 by Pope Benedict XIV (cultus confirmed)
Patronage
• against head injuries
• Caccamo, Italy
† இன்றைய புனிதர் †
(நவம்பர் 14)
✠ புனிதர் ஜோசஃப் பிக்னடெல்லி ✠
(St. Joseph Pignatelli)
இயேசு சபையை புதுப்பித்தவர்:
(Restorer of the Society of Jesus)
பிறப்பு: டிசம்பர் 27, 1737
ஸரகோஸா, ஸ்பெயின்
(Zaragoza, Spain)
இறப்பு: நவம்பர் 15, 1811 (வயது 73)
ரோம், முதலாவது ஃபிரெஞ்ச் பேரரசு
(Rome, First French Empire)
ஏற்கும் சமயம்:
ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை - இயேசு சபை
(Roman Catholic Church - Society of Jesus)
முக்திபேறு பட்டம்: மே 21, 1933
திருத்தந்தை பதினொன்றாம் பயஸ்
(Pope Pius XI)
புனிதர் பட்டம்: மே 12, 1954
திருத்தந்தை பனிரெண்டாம் பயஸ்
(Pope Pius XII)
முக்கிய திருத்தலம்:
"கேஸு" ஆலயம்; பியஸ்ஸா டெல் கெஸ், ரோம், இத்தாலி
(Church of the Gesù; Piazza del Ges, Rome, Italy)
நினைவுத் திருநாள்: நவம்பர் 14
புனிதர் ஜோசஃப் மேரி பிக்னடெல்லி, ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபையின் ஸ்பேனிஷ் குருவும், இயேசு சபைச் சமூகம் ஒடுக்கப்பட்டதன் பின்னர், “சார்டினியாவில்” (Sardinia) இயேசு சபையினர் நாடுகடத்தலின்போது அச்சபையினரின் அதிகாரபூர்வமற்ற தலைவராக செயல்பட்டவருமாவார். இயேசு சபையை மீட்டு புதுப்பித்ததன் காரணமாக, அவர் இயேசு சபை சமூகத்தின் இரண்டாம் நிறுவனராக கருதப்பட்டார்.
பிக்னடெல்லி, ஸ்பெய்ன் நாட்டின், “ஸரகோஸா” (Zaragoza) மாநிலத்தின் “நியோபோலிடன்” (Neapolitan) வம்சாவளியின் உன்னத பரம்பரையில் பிறந்தவராவார். அவர் தமது ஆரம்பக் கல்வியை தமது சகோதரர் “நிக்கோலசுடன்” (Nicolás) இணைந்து இயேசு சபை பள்ளியில் பயின்றார். அங்கே அவருக்கு காச நோயும் பிளேக் என்னும் நோய்த்தொற்றும் ஏற்பட்டது. இதன் காரணமாக இவர் தமது வாழ்நாள் முழுதும் துன்புற்றார்.
கி.பி. 1753ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 8ம் தேதி, தமது பதினைந்தாம் வயதில், “டர்ரகொனா” (Tarragona) எனும் இடத்திலுள்ள இயேசு சபையில் பெற்றோரின் எதிர்ப்பையும் மீறி இணைந்த இவர், தமது கத்தோலிக்க இறையியல் கல்வியை பூர்த்தி செய்து குருத்துவ அருட்பொழிவு பெற்றார். பின்னர் “ஸரகோஸா” (College of Zaragoza) கல்லூரியில் கற்பிக்கும் பணியிலமர்த்தப்பட்டார்.
கி.பி. 1766ம் ஆண்டில் ஏற்பட்ட பஞ்சத்துக்கு ஸரகோஸா ஆளுநர் பொறுப்பாக்கப்பட்டார். இதனால் ஆத்திரமுற்ற பொதுமக்கள், ஆளுநரின் மாளிகையை தீயிட்டு கொளுத்த முற்பட்டனர். மக்களை வசப்படுத்தியிருந்த பிக்னடெல்லியின் முயற்சியால் பேரிடர் தவிர்க்கப்பட்டது. ஸ்பெயின் அரசர் “மூன்றாம் சார்லஸ்” (King Charles III of Spain) அனுப்பிய நன்றி நவிலல் கடிதத்தையும் மீறி கலகமூட்டியதாகவும், தூண்டியதாகவும், இயேசு சபையினர் குற்றம் சாட்டப்பட்டனர். மேற்சொன்ன குற்றச்சாட்டினை பிக்னடெல்லி மறுத்ததால் அவரும் இயேசு சபையினரும் கி.பி. 1767ம் ஆண்டு, ஏப்ரல் மாதம், 4ம் தேதி, ஸரகோஸாவை விட்டு வெளியேற ஆணை பிறப்பிக்கப்பட்டது.
பிக்னடெல்லியும், இயேசு சபையின் மற்றுமொரு அங்கத்தினரான - அவரது சகோதரர் நிக்கொலசும் இயேசு சபையை விட்டு விலகுவதானால் ஸரகோஸா நகரிலேயே இருக்க அனுமதிப்பதாக அரசனுடைய கையாளும், இயேசு சபையினரை வெளியேற்றுவதை ஊக்குவிப்பவருமான "அராண்டா" பிரபு (The Count of Aranda) கூறினார். ஆனால், தமது நோயையும் பொருட்படுத்தாத பிக்னடெல்லியும் அவரது சகோதரர் நிக்கொலசும் அதற்கு ஒப்புக்கொள்ள மறுத்தனர்.
நாடு கடத்தல் :
ஸரகோஸா'விலிருந்து நாடு கடத்தப்பட்ட இயேசு சபையினர் இத்தாலியிலுள்ள "ஸிவிட்டவெச்சியா" (Civitavecchia) என்னுமிடத்தில் இறங்க திருத்தந்தை பதின்மூன்றாம் கிளமென்ட் (Pope Clement XIII) அனுமதி வழங்க மறுத்ததால், அவர்கள் கடல்வழியாக "கோர்ஸிகன் குடியரசுக்கு" (Corsican Republic) பயணித்தனர்.
கி.பி. 1770ல் ஃபிரான்ஸ், கோர்ஸிக்கா (Corsica) நாட்டை தனது கட்டுப்பாட்டில் எடுத்துக்கொண்டபோது, இயேசு சபையினர் ஜெனோவா (Genoa) சென்று தங்க அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டனர்.
எனினும், கி.பி. 1773ம் ஆண்டு, ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம், இயேசு சபையினர் முழு சமுதாயத்தையும் திருத்தந்தை “பதினான்காம் கிளமென்ட்” (Pope Clement XIV) அவர்களால் நசுக்கி கலைக்கப்பட்டது. பிக்னடெல்லி சகோதரர்கள் இருவரும் வடக்கு இத்தாலியின் பிராந்தியமான “எமிலியா-ரொமாக்னாவின்” (Emilia-Romagna) தலைநகரான “பொலோக்னாவில்” (Bologna) தஞ்சம் பெற அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டனர். அங்கே ஓய்வு பெற அனுமதிக்கப்பட்ட அவர்கள், தமது கிறிஸ்தவ ஊழியங்களில் ஈடுபடக்கூடாது என்ற கட்டுப்பாடுகள் விதிக்கப்பட்டனர்.
சில வருடங்களின் பின்னர், புதிதாய் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டிருந்த திருத்தந்தை ஆறாம் பயஸ், (Pope Pius VI) வாழும் முன்னாள் இயேசு சபையினரை ரஷிய பேரரசிலுள்ள இயேசு சபையினருடன் சந்தித்து உரையாட அனுமதி வழங்கினார்.
முன்பொருமுறை, கி.பி. 1768ம் ஆண்டு, பிக்னடெல்லியையும் மற்றுமுள்ள இயேசு சபையினரையும் பலாத்காரமாக நாடு கடத்திய "அராண்டா பிரபுவான” (The Count of Aranda) “ஃபெர்டினான்ட்” (Ferdinand), இம்முறை தமது பூமியான, இத்தாலிய பிராந்தியமான “பார்மாவில்” (Parma) அவர்கள் நிரந்தரமாக தங்கிக்கொண்டு, இயேசுசபையை மறுநிர்மாணம் செய்துகொள்ள அனுமதித்தான். கி.பி. 1793ம் ஆண்டு, ரஷியப் பேரரசி “இரண்டாம் கேதரனின்” (Empress Catherine II of Russia) அனுமதியுடன், ரஷியாவின் சில இயேசுசபை தந்தையருடன், வேறு சில இயேசுசபையினருடன் இணைந்து, புதிய சபை நடைமுறை செய்யப்பட்டது.
கி.பி. 1797ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூலை மாதம், 6ம் தேதி, பிக்னடெல்லி தமது மத சத்திய பிரமாணங்களை புதுப்பித்துக் கொண்டார். இயேசு சபையினர் தமது வழக்கமான சமய சடங்குகளை நடத்தத் தொடங்கினர். கி.பி. 1799ம் ஆண்டு, இத்தாலிய பிராந்தியமான “பார்மாவின்” (Parma) நகரான “கொலோர்னோவிலுள்ள” (Colorno) புதிய புகுமுக பயிற்சியாளர் (New Novitiate) மடத்தின் புதிய தலைவராக (Master of Novices), திருத்தந்தையின் அனுமதியுடன் நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். கி.பி. 1802ம் ஆண்டு, “பார்மாவின் பிரபு” (Duke of Parma) மரணமடைந்ததும், அம்மாநிலம் ஃபிரான்சுடன் இணைத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்டது. கி.பி. 1800ம் ஆண்டு, திருத்தந்தை ஏழாம் பயஸ் (Pope Pius VII), இத்தாலிய பிராந்தியத்தின் இயேசுசபை தலைவராக (Provincial Superior of the Jesuits) இவரை நியமித்தார். இத்தாலியின் தன்னாட்சிப் பகுதியும், “மத்தியதரைக் கடலிலுள்ள” (Mediterranean Sea) பெரும் தீவுமான “சிசிலியில்” (Sicily) பள்ளிகளும் கல்லூரிகளும் திறக்கப்பட்டன. பிக்னடெல்லி, “ரோம்” (Rome), “டிவோலி” (Tivoli), மற்றும் “ஒர்வியேட்டோ” (Orvieto) ஆகிய நகரங்களில் கல்லூரிகளை நிறுவினார். இயேசுசபை தந்தையர் படிப்படியாக மற்ற நகரங்களுக்கும் அழைக்கப்பட்டனர்.
திருத்தந்தை “ஏழாம் பயசின்” (Pope Pius VII) நாடு கடத்தலின்போதும், ஃபிரான்ஸ் நாடு திருத்தந்தையர் மாநிலங்களை (French occupation of the Papal States) கைப்பற்றியபோதும், விழிப்புடைமைக்கு பெரும்பாலும் காரணமாக இருந்த பிக்னடெல்லியின் தலைமையின் கீழே இயேசு சபையினர் எவ்வித பாதிப்பும் இன்றி பாதுகாப்பாக இருந்தனர்.
மரணமும் புனிதர் பட்டமும்:
ரோம் நகரம், ஃபிரான்ஸின் ஆக்கிரமிப்பில் இருந்தபோது, காச நோயின் தீவிரத்தால் ஏற்பட்ட குருதிப் போக்கு பிக்னடெல்லியின் மரணத்துக்கு காரணமாய் அமைந்தது. கி.பி. 1811ம் ஆண்டு, நவம்பர் மாதம், 15ம் நாள், ஜோசஃப் மேரி பிக்னடெல்லி மரித்தார். அன்னாரது பூவுடல், ரோமிலுள்ள இயேசு சபையின் தேவாலய பலிபீடத்தின் கீழே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது.
கி.பி. 1933ம் ஆண்டு, மே மாதம், 21ம் தேதி, திருத்தந்தை பதினோராம் பயஸ் (Pope Pius XI), இவருக்கு முக்திபேறு பட்டமளித்தார்.
கி.பி. 1954ம் ஆண்டு, ஜூன் மாதம், 12ம் தேதி, திருத்தந்தை பனிரெண்டாம் பயஸ் (Pope Pius XII) அவருக்கு புனிதர் பட்டமளித்தார்.
St. Joseph Pignatelli
Feastday: November 14
Birth: 1737
Death: 1811
Jesuit confessor and one of the restorers of the Society of Jesus after its suppression in 1773. He was born in Saragossa, Spain, and became a Jesuit at the age of fifteen. When the Jesuits were suppressed at the command of the pope and under intense pressure from the European monarchs, he resided in Bologna, Italy, for two decades. In 1799, he opened a new semiofficial novitiate for the Jesuits, laying the foundation for the eventual restoration of the Society of Jesus by Pope Pius VII in 1814. Pope Pius XI described him as a priest of "manly and vigorous holiness," and Pius XII termed him the "restorer of the Jesuits." Joseph was canonized in 1954.
Joseph Mary Pignatelli (Spanish: José María Pignatelli) (27 December 1737 – 15 November 1811) was a Spanish priest who was the unofficial leader of the Jesuits in exile in Sardinia, after the suppression of the Society of Jesus. Supervising its restoration, he is considered second founder of the Society of Jesus.
Contents
1 Life
1.1 Early life
1.2 Exile
1.3 Restoration
1.4 Death and veneration
2 Legacy
3 References
4 External links
Life
Early life
Pignatelli was born in Zaragoza, Spain, of Neapolitan descent and noble lineage. He did his early studies in the Jesuit College of Zaragoza, along with his brother, Nicolás. There he developed tuberculosis, which was to plague him his entire life. He entered the Society of Jesus at the age of 15 on 8 May 1753 in Tarragona, despite his family's opposition. On completing his theological studies he was ordained a priest, and assigned to teach at the College of Zaragoza.
In 1766 the Governor of Zaragoza was held responsible for a threatened famine, and so enraged was the populace against him that they were about to destroy his palace by fire. Pignatelli's persuasive power over the people averted the calamity. Despite the letter of thanks sent by King Charles III of Spain, the Jesuits were accused of instigating the above-mentioned riot. Pignatelli's refutation of the charge was followed by the decree of expulsion of the Jesuits of Zaragoza on 4 April 1767.[1]
The Count of Aranda, a favorite of the king and a supporter of the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain, offered to allow Pignatelli and his brother, Nicolás (also a member of the Society), as members of the nobility, to remain in the city, provided that they leave the Society. In spite of Joseph's ill-health, the brothers stood firm and went into exile with their confreres.[1]
Exile
Not permitted by Pope Clement XIII to land at Civitavecchia in Italy, along with the other Jesuits of the province of Aragon, they sailed to the Corsican Republic, where Pignatelli displayed a marked ability for organization in providing for 600 priests and seminarians.[1] His sister, the Duchess of Acerra, aided them with money and provisions. He organized studies and the Jesuits were able to maintain their regular religious observances.
When France took control of Corsica in 1770, the Jesuits were obliged to go to Genoa for shelter. Pignatelli was again required to secure shelter in the legation of Ferrara, not only for the Jesuits of his own province, but also for those forced home from the missions in New Spain. The community, however, was dissolved upon the suppression of the entire Society by Pope Clement XIV in August 1773. The two Pignatelli brothers were then obliged to seek refuge in Bologna, where they lived in retirement, being forbidden to exercise their Christian ministry. They devoted themselves to study and Pignatelli began to collect books and manuscripts bearing on the history of the Society.
Restoration
A few years later, the newly elected Pope Pius VI granted permission for the surviving ex-Jesuits to reunite with the members of the Society of Jesus still functioning in the Russian Empire. Pignatelli sought to go there, that he might join them, but for various reasons he was obliged to defer his departure. During this delay Pignatelli was permitted by Ferdinand, Duke of Parma (who had violently expelled them from his lands in 1768), to re-establish the Society in his duchy. In 1793, having obtained through Empress Catherine II of Russia a few Jesuit fathers from Russia, along with some other Jesuits, the new establishment was made.
On 6 July 1797, Pignatelli renewed his religious vows. In 1799 he was appointed master of novices for a new novitiate in Colorno, which had been authorized by the pope. On the death of the Duke of Parma in 1802, the duchy was absorbed into France. Nevertheless, the Jesuits remained undisturbed for eighteen months, during which period Pignatelli was appointed provincial superior of the Jesuits within Italy in 1800 by Pope Pius VII. After considerable discussion he obtained permission for the Jesuits to serve in the Kingdom of Naples. The papal brief authorizing this (30 July 1804) was much more favorable than that which had been granted for Parma. The surviving Jesuits soon asked to be received back, but many were engaged in various ecclesiastical posts where they were obligated to stay. Schools and a college were opened in Sicily, but when this part of the kingdom fell into Napoleon's power the dispersion of the Jesuits was ordered, though the decree was not rigorously enforced. Pignatelli founded colleges in Rome, Tivoli, and Orvieto, and the Jesuit fathers were gradually invited to other cities.
During the exile of Pope Pius VII and the French occupation of the Papal States, the Society continued untouched, owing largely to the prudence of Pignatelli; he even managed to avoid any oaths of allegiance to Napoleon. He also secured the restoration of the Society in Sardinia in 1807.[2]
Death and veneration
Pignatelli died in Rome, then under French occupation, on 15 November 1811, due to hemorrhaging resulting from his tuberculosis, which had begun the previous month. His remains rest today in a reliquary under the altar of the Chapel of the Passion in the Church of the Gesù in Rome.
The cause for Pagnatelli's canonization was introduced under Pope Gregory XVI. He was beatified on 21 May 1933 by Pope Pius XI, and was canonized on 12 June 1954 by Pope Pius XII.
Legacy
The Society of Jesus was fully restored in the Catholic Church in 1814.
After St. Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Society of Jesus, Pignatelli is arguably the most important Jesuit in its subsequent history, linking the two Societies, the old Society which was first founded in 1540, and the new Society which was founded forty years after it had been suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. Pignatelli can thus be rightly considered the savior and restorer of the Society of Jesus.
